influenza virus:(A)

(B)

(C)

1918-191750%2000H1 N1 1957H2 N2 1968H3 N2 1977H1N1 H3 N2H1 N1

1 80-120nm

RNA + NP + PAPB1PB2 2+

HANA5:1:MHANA MM1M2M1M2

HA(hemagglutinin) AHA0HA1:HA2:

B C NA(neuraminidase)

1 RNPMA BC 2HANAH1H15N1N9 2///// HANA A/HongKong/1/68/ H3N2 A/Singapore/1/57/H2N22:

3 (antigenic drift) HANA(1%

H1 N1 H2 N2 H3 N2 H1 N1 H3 N2H1 N1 (antigenic shift)20-50%

31 + ++

PMKMDCK+ + 2

4

12,,,,,,,,,,1-45-10

1HANANPM1 2 CD4+CD8+T 3-HAIgGIgMSIgA 4SIgA

1 2 3 4PCR

1 2, 3 4 5

1150-300nm 2HANAHNHAHHANAGHNHG 3F 4RNA 5HNHGFMNPPL

easeles virus 1 2

1

2

3 VMPSV2Koplik1-2SSPE2-17

SSPE 0.6-2.2/107

4:

IgM

1 2890%10-157

umps virus 1 2 3, 5630

12-- MMR

GFMNLP

(adenovirus)) 1DNA 22070-90nmE1AP53

13 2 3 4

(rubella virus): ) 1RNA60nm20 2

)

) ) --MMR

1Coronaviridae23

(Human coronavirus)(Murine virus hepatitisMHV)(Porcine hemagglutinating encepha lomyelitis virus)(Porcine transmissible gastroenteri tis virusTGEV)(Neonatal calf diarrhea coronavirusBCV)(Rat coronavirusRCV) (Turkey bluecomb virus)(Feline infectious peritonitis virus)(Canine coronavirus)(Sialodacryoadenitis virus of rat) (Human enteric coronavirus)

15-950%70%2310%-24%0-429.2%4022%15-194Coronaviridae

SARS) (SARS)80-120nm

SARS123-SARSSARS:

(RNA)RNANRNARNARNARNA

67: 1.oliovirus1-3 2.oxsackievirusABA1-2224B1-629 3.nteric cytopathogenic human orphan virusECHO virus1-911-2729-3331 4.: 68697071(Enterovirus):RNA

: 124-30nmRNA20 2RNA 3 4 5

oliovirus

127nm20 2RNA7.4kbmRNAVP1-VP4VP1- VP3VP1

X-3 PH3-950

90%5% 1-2%0.1-2%

1SIgA 22-6

2OPV4

ECHO

1 2 3

1A 2A1671 3B4B 5A2471

A

(rotavirus)

68-80nm

RNA18550bp11

HRV

A 6-280%

HRV

IgMIgGSIgA62SIgABCA

HRVELISA11

123

HAV:

HBVHCVHDVHEV HBVHAV

HFV:

HGV

TTTTV

HBVHCV

HAV

Hepatitis A Virus, HAV

1RNA27nm20RNA 2 3

HAVHAV

HAV

HAV

-HAV IgMIgG

ELISARIA-HAV IgMPCRHAV-RNA

:123

HBV Hepatitis B Virus, HBV

1(Dane)HBV42nm

A diagrammatic representation of the hepatitis B virion and the surface antigen components.Dane HBsAgPreS1PreS2 2027nmHBcAgHBeAg DNA+DNA

222nmHBsAgPreS1PreS2DNADNA3

1

DNASCPX

+C-Pre CPreS1PreS2SHBsAgDNAHBcAgHBeAg HBxAg

SS,S1S2,HBV (HBsAg,Pre S1Pre S2).C: C-C,HBVHBcAg HBeAg .P: ,DNA.X: HBxAg, ,.

:DNA2.1kbRNA3.5kbRNA DNADNAHBV

HBV,,,DNA.

S2.1kbRNARNAHBsAg,HBV,,HBsAg.

1gp27gp24 2HBV 3-HBs 4adr\adw\ayr\ayw; 5PreS1PreS2(): HBsAgHBcAgHBeAg1.HBsAg

1DaneHBsAg 2.HBcAg 2HBcAg-HBc(-HBc IgG-HBc IgMHBV 3HBcAg,THBV

1HBeAgDNAHBeAg(+)HBV 3.eHBeAgPreCCHBcAgHBeAg 2-HBeHBV 3PreCHBeAgHBeAg--HBe(+)HBV DNA(+)

,

DNAHBsAg,HBcAgHBeAgDane SHBsAg

:

1, 270% 310010HBV0.5%5%HBV

HBsAg

1 2 3

:

1 1HBVIFNHLA-1IL-2 2HBVHBV

2 Pre-CHBeAgPreCCHBeAg

3HBV CTL

1CTL 2 3

HBsAg+-HBs4III

LSP 5

HBV 1HBcAgCTLHBV 2-HBsPre S1Pre S2-HBe

HBV

1HBV 2HBV 3HBV DNA

HBsAg-HBsHBeAg-HBeHBcHBsAg

HBsAg+HBeAg+ -HBs+ -HBe+-HBc IgMHBV

HBsAgHBs HBeAg HBe HBc + - - - -

+ - + - -

+ - + - + + - - + + - + - + + - + - + - - - - - + - + - - - HBV

HBVDNA12PCRDNA

1 2 3-HBsHBIg

HCV

Hepatitis C VirusHCV

: 40-60nm +ssRNA9.5kb

HCVIIIIIIVVI

HCV20%

1RNA RT-RNA

2 ELISARIA

1

2

HDVHepatitis D VirusHDV

135-37nm2-ssRNA1.7kb3HDV RNAHDAgHDAg-HD4HDVHBsAgHDV RNAHBV

HBsAgP27P24HDAg1.7kb RNAHDV

HBV HBVHDV HBsAgHDV HDAg-HDIgMIgG

HDV2-HDIgMIgG HDAgHDV RNA HBVHDV

HEV Hepatitis E VirusHEV

132-34nm 2 3+ssRNA7.5kb,ORF

HEV2~96HEV6~910%~20%

ELISA-HEV IgM

12 345678

RNA

Epidemic type B encephalitis virus

M 1 M CE 2pH6.0-6.5CE

3 3-5 4

1

2

4 5-7IgMIgG

:

1

2

Dengue virus

1 2/

Hantavirus(Bunyaviridae)

-HFRShemorrhagic fever with renal sydrome}HPShantavirus pulmonary sydrome}

120nm-ssRNA

G1G2NRNADNA

A549Vero-E62BS

6-

-HFRSHPS

HFRSIgMIgG

A549Vero-E62BS IgMIgG

123

Herpesvirus DNA

MPS BB

1.120~300nmdsDNA20 2.EB 3.

DNA20

DNA20

herpes simplex virus, HSV

HSV

HSV-1

LSDNALSABab

1 2HSV-1HSV-2DNA50%gBgCgDgEgGgHgIgJgLgMgGgBgDgD

HSV-1 HSV-21

2 1HSV-1HSV-2 2

3

CPE +

+

1 2 ACV

-varicella-zoster virus,VZV

VZVHSV

VZV

1VZV VZV VZV

21 2

VZV1 VZV

cytomegalovirus,CMV

1CMV 2

CMV

CMV

1 CMV 2 3

4

5

6

CMVIgMIgGIgACMVCTLNKCMV

EB(Epstain-Barr virus)

EBVEB

2EBVEAEBVVCAEBVMAEBV1EBNA6LMPEBV

EBV1B2EBVB12 AEBVBEBNALMPB BEBVB

50%EBV B

1

2

3EBV

-

EB

HSV-1 HSV-2

HSV

VZV

CMV

EBV

HSV-1 HSV-2

B

1

2HSV

3VZVCMVEBV

(Retraviridae) reverse transcriptase)RNA

RNAHTLV- HTLV-HIV

180-120nm 2RNA 3 4DNA 5

Human immunodeficiency virus HIV Acquired immunodeficiency syndromeAIDS

HIV

HIV-1AIDS HIV-2

1.100~120nm

2.

RNA 20

P7P17 P24 gp120 gp41TATA

gp120CD4

DNARNA

RNAHRNARNARNA:DNADNADNALTRRNAmRNARNA

envHIV-1ABCDEFHO8 env0.1%gp120 gp41

gp120 gp41CD4 gp41gp41N

TTTH9CEM

: HIV 0.2%0.1%50%0.3%H2O20.5%5 563020~227

: 1HIV 2: 1;

2HIV

3

HIV3-5 HIV : 1-2

1 2 3 4-

HIVLTRtatrevnefmRNA

HIV 1CD4CD4 1CD4/CD8 2 3T 2B 3-Langerhans

HIVCD4 1 3CD4CD4 4HIVCTLADCC 5T 2DNA

1

2

HIV1 HIVgp1202 ADCCCTLNK

ELISAIFARIAWB+ HIVHIV

PHA3-4 2-41

2 ELISAHIVP243 RT-PCRDNAbDNAHIV RNA

1 2HIV 3 4HIV

1 HIVgp160gp120gp412 gp120V3CD4C4TC1C4AAHIV

3 HIVHIV HIV

1AZTDNA 2 3HIV

TIII HTLV-IHTLV-II

HTLV-1HTLV-II100nm; gp120CD4 P18P24 RNA50%gp120RNAP24P18

HTLV-IHTLV-IITTTBB

123

1

2HIV

3HIV

4HIVCD4

5HIV

B19

(Rabies virus)

,75x180nm;-ssRNA

Rabies virus

Rabies structureRabies modelRNA

(Negri body)

5.1-3)35100%

17-10 2

1 220%70%3% 3 4

human papillomavirus,HPV

1 52-55nm20dsDNA 2

1 2 3HPV

HPV PCRHPVDNA

B19 (parvoviridae)(parvovirus)

120-26nm20+ssDNA 2

31

234

(prion)

K27-30103, PrP27-30 80

PrPPrPCPrPSC PrPC PrPCPrPSC

PrPCPrPSC

1(Kuru)2-(CJD)-(Variant CJD)3Gerstmann-Straussler4

5(scrapie of sheep and goat) 6(bovine spongiform encephalopathy) 7(transmissible mink encephalopathy) 8(chronic wasting disease of mule deer)

1 23

Prions, the misfolded proteins thought to cause diseases such as mad cow and Creutzfeld-Jakob disease in humans, lead to victims' brains becoming filled with tiny holes. In yeast cells, a useful model for studying how these molecules work, prions clump together in their "infectious" state, but are spread evenly throughout the cell in their normal state.

PrP