Chapter 9 : Documenting Software Architectures

: :

:

89 1

3 :

.

2

3 : ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer )

John Presper Eckert John Mauchly 1943 1946 1955 30

4

45ENIAC 5000 357 38 von Neumann 5 :

56 ALU MAR MDR ALU ( ... )

7 CPUCPU CPU ALU CPU CPU ( cache )

8 CPUCPU 6 : ADD

T0 : MAR PCT1 : IR M[MAR], PC PC + 1

T2 : D0,,D7 Decode (IR(12-14))

T2 : MAR IR(0-11) , I IR(15)T3 : MARM[MAR]

T4 : MDR M[MAR]

T5 : AC AC+ MDR, E Cout , SC 0

9 CPU ( RISK ) ( CISC ) RISK ( ) CISK 10 CPU -

11 / I/O

12 CPU

13 2

14

15 DBMS( ) () 1990 -( )

17

18 () .

. . .

19 ()20 : :

.

(DBMS )

(DBMS): 21 : )DBMS( 22 :(DBMS) 23 /

24

25 26 . . .

27 ....29 1- (Serial Processing).2- (Batch Processing)3- (Multi Programming)4- (Time Sharing)5- (Real Time)6- (Distributed system)2930 (Serial Processing).- .- 1940-1950 .- .- .- .- .- . 3031 (Batch Processing)- .- JCL . (1950) General motors IBM 701 . . .

3132 . . . . . . I/O .

3233 . . . N 1/N . 3334 . . . . . 3435 - .1- (Tightly Coupled) .2- (Loosely Coupled) . .

35

36 69- 1968 (Spotnik) . , ARPA . , . . .

ARPANET ARPA . ARPPA NET . .Advanced Research Projects Agency ARPANet 1969 . 1972 . 1973 ARPANET .ARPANET : 1981 : 213 1984 : 1000 1987: 10000

1982 ARPANET NSF(the National Science Foundation) . 1983 TCP/IP . 1990 . .

4142 LAN WAN DBMS . OS ( DBMS ) LAN .

43

motherboard ...

4445 client/server

Reliability Availability

/

46 .... .

4748

49 : faithful ( )

50

51 ( Models )

( car wash ATM )

52

53 . : 1) 2) ( ) 3) ( )

54 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9)

55 ( Analytical modeling tools ) ( Simulation modeling tools )Testbeds as modeling tools (Operational analysis as a modeling tool )

( queuing delays, service times, arrival times) : - (Testbed) Operational analysis :

5758 Multiple processorsDistributed file serverRedundant disk drivesWord processingSpreadsheet analysisElectronic mailRemote job entryReal-time controlInteractive log on and execution or resultsPhysical installation layoutsMaximum node count and typesReliability considerationsNetwork managementFactory automation.

59

..Computer typesVideo, audio, or bothInterconnection to existing MANs or WANsResource sharingDistributed computingVery large database