第五章 酸碱平衡
DESCRIPTION
第五章 酸碱平衡. § 5.1 酸碱质子理论概述. § 5.2 水的解离平衡和溶液的 pH. § 5.3 弱酸、弱碱的解离平衡. § 5.4 缓冲溶液. § 5.5 酸碱指示剂. § 5.6 酸碱电子理论. § 5.7 配位化合物. § 5.8 配位反应与配位平衡. § 5.1 酸碱质子理论概述. *5.1.1 历史回顾 ( 无内容 ). 5.1.2 酸碱质子理论的基本概念. 5.1.3 酸和碱的相对强弱. 5.1.2 酸碱质子理论的基本概念. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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5.7 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.3 5.2 pH 5.1 5.8
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5.1 5.1.3 5.1.2 *5.1.1 ()
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5.1.2 H+ H+
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HAcAc AcHAc HAcAc
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(1)(2)(2)(1)(1)(2)(2)(1)
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NaAc(1)(2)(2)(1)NH4Cl(1)(2)(2)(1)
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NH4Cl
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5.1.3 H2OHAcHCN HCl > HAc >HCN
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HClO4HClHNO3HIHClO4HClH2SO4HNO3
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5.2 pH5.2.2 pH5.2.1
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5.2.1 25c(H+)= c(OH)=1.010-7molL-1100
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5.2.2 pH
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5.3 5.3.3 5.3.2 5.3.1
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1.5.3.1
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/(molL-1) 0.10 0 0/(molL-1) 0.10x x xx=1.3103250.10 molL-1 HAcH3O+, Ac, HAc,OHpH
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(a)c(H3O+) = c(Ac) = 1.3103 molL-1 c(HAc)=(0.10-1.3103)molL-10.10molL-1c(OH) =7.71012 molL-1
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/(molL-1) c c c c/(molL-1) c 0 0
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c0 /(molL-1) 0.200 0 02. 25 0.200molL-1 0.95%c(OH), pHceq 0.200(1 0.95%) 0.2000.95% 0.2000.95%/(molL-1)
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5.3.2
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x + y + z x x y x
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c()c() {c (H3O+)}2
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5.3.3 1.(1) + (2) = (3)
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ceq /(molL-1) 0.10-x x xx=7.510-6x(H3O+)=7.510-6 molL-1 pH=5.12
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2. NaAc , NaCNNaAc
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Na3PO4
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0.10molL-1Na3PO4pHceq/ (molL-1 ) 0.10 x x x
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3. NaH2PO4,Na2HPO4,
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*4.
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5. c ,
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5.4 * 5.4.4 5.4.3 pH 5.4.2 5.4.1
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5.4.1
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0.10 molL-1 HAc NH4Ac (s) NH4Ac 0.10 molL-1 pH HAcx = 1.810-5 c(H+) = 1.810-5 molL-1 0.10 x 0.100.10 molL-1 HAcpH = 2.89 = 1.3%ceq / (molL-1) 0.10 x x 0.10 + xc0/ (molL-1) 0.10 0 0.10 pH = 4.74 = 0.018%
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5.4.2 50mLHAcNaAc [c(HAc)=c(NaAc)=0.10molL-1] pH = 4.74 pH(pH)1(0.05mL) 1molL-1 HCl1(0.05mL) 1molL-1 NaOH50mLpH = 7 pH = 3 pH = 11 pH = 4.73 pH = 4.75
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5.4.3 pH c0(HA) ,c0(A)c(HA) ,c(A) HAcNaAcH2CO3NaHCO3
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2. NH3 H2O NH4Cl
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3. NaHCO3Na2CO3 , NaH2PO4Na2HPO4
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c(HA) c(B) c(A)c(BH+) ,
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300mL 0.50molL-1 H3PO4 500mL 0. 50molL-1 NaOHpH
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50.00mL 0.150molL-1 NH3 (aq) 0.200 molL-1 NH4Cl0.100ml 1.00 molL-1HClHClpH HCl 4.
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HCl HCl/(molL-1)0.1500.0020x 0.200+0.0020+x x0.150 0.200HCl/(molL-1)0.1500.0020 0.200+0.0020/(molL-1)
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* 5.4.4 H+ OH
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pH
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2.0L0.10molL-1 Na3PO4 2.0L 0.10molL-1NaH2PO4 pH=12.50 Na2HPO4 Na3PO4 n/mol 20.10 0.10x 0 n/mol 0.20 0.10x 0 0.20x
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x = 0.12
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2.12L(2L Na3PO4 + 0.12L NaH2PO4)
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5.5 3.1 ~ 4.4 8.0 ~ 10.0 3.0 ~ 8.0
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Lewis Fe3+ , Fe, Ag+, BF3Lewis X, :NH3, :CO, H2O: LewisLewis 5.6
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5.7 5.7.1 5.7.2 5.7.3
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5.7.1 1. Lewis[Ag(NH3)2]+LewisAg+NH3 Lewis()Lewis
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Cu2+Ag+Fe3+FeNiBP FClBrIOHCNH2ONH3CO en
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EDTAY4
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Cu2+4
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K3[ Fe ( C N ) 6 ]
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5.7.2
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K[PtCl3NH3]() [Co(NH3)5H2O]Cl3() [PtNH2NO2(NH3)2]() K[PtCl3(C2H4)]()
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()()()()()()()()()()()
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[Cu(en)2]2+ CaY2 [(H2O)4Fe(OH)2Fe(H2O)4]4+COFe(CO)5Ni(CO)4 [PdCl3(C2H4)] (NH4)3[P(Mo3O10)]6H2O5.7.3
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5.8 5.8.1 *5.8.3 *5.8.2
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5.8.1 ()
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()
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*5.8.2 1. [Fe(NCS)]2+NaF
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0.020molL-1 ScCl30.020molL-1EDTA(Na2H2Y),ScYpHpH
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=5.1106
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2.
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*5.8.3