, ,

1.Perfect Competition 2.(Monopolistic Competition)

3.(Oligopoly) 4.(Pure Monopoly)10-1

10-1

MR=MC, MR=MC

Perfect CompetitionPure Competition

1(Price taker)(Price maker) 2

3 4

10-1a

10-1b

TR MRAR PQ TRQ=P*Q

=AR=MR=d P=210-2

ARMRP=AR=MRTRMR=AR=P

A 10-2

QSQDPD0D10.81.5

short-run equilibricum 1. ---

T=TR-TC TTRTC 10-3q1q1q3TRTCq210-3q2

---

2--- QTRTC()TRTCQ

MRMCUMCQMR MRMCMRMCMRMCMRP

1 MR=MCSMCSACAVCd1,d2,d3,d4,d510-4

ARSAC AR=SAC

AVCARSAC AR=AVC ARAVC MR=SMCMR=AR=P P > ACP = AC EAVC P AC P AVCF

2 A 10-5MR=SMCAR=MR=PSMC=P SMCAVC

B SMCAVC

(long run equilibrium) MR=MCP()()

1 ()(LAC)((SAC))(10-5)

PQ10-7(a)DSSDE()

10-7(b)LACLMCSACSMC()q0Qqaqbqcqm

(SAC)()(LAC)(10-7(b)) PMC()PSACPLAC.PMCSACLACLAC

2

(1) 10-11

(2) (increasing cost industry)10-12ab

(Upward-sloping Longrun Supply Curve) (3) (decreasing cost industry)

::

(perfect monopoly)(Price Maker)(Price Taker)

101 2007 8 3029 200881 .

2008 106

MRMC

1ACMC U

2MRMC

3TRTCMR=SMCTRTVCTRTVC

MR=SMC 1 1017 D(AR)MR(LAC) (LMC)OQ2 OP2

LMCLACOQ1MRSMCLMC

2 () 10-18D1P1OQ1D2MR2MCP2OQ1

3 ( (1)

(2) 1019DP10Q0PnHKQ1P1Q2P2QnPnD

(second-degree price discrimination)

10-20QPQ1Q2Q3P1P2P3P1CH()

(third-degree price discrimination) 10-21MCDD1DD2MR1MR2ZZZZMCOQ

MR1MR2CMRMC OQ1OQ210-21OQ1P1OQ2P2P2P1

10-1

1 (Monopolistic competition)

2 ()

3 10-22 ddPQA

dd POQOPP1OQQ3P2OQ2 DD

10-22PP10Q10Q30Q2DDnDD1nddDDddDDDDdd

DDdd()(MRMC)

1 MRMC P2OQddRRMCRROQlPlPlddDDP1OQ1OQ2

10-24PlddddDDBddP1P1ddBP1DDP1B

ddP2OQ3ddDDOQ4OQ3ddP2CDD 10-25P5OQ5MR=MCP5

OQ5

MRMC

2 10-26ddDD

D1D1dld1P10QlD1D1d1d1D2D2d2d2A0Q2d2d2LAC ddLACDDddLAC10-27ddLACNDDddN,NP0QNDDLACddNLACddLAC

MRLMC ARLAC

,10-28D1MR1Q1P1 AC1AC2

D1D2MR2MR2MCP2Q2

10-2 10-3

1 (Oligopoly)

2 ()

3 1 (2))()()()()

102 1.03 2007GDP 2003 2005 12.7 20% 6.4 8.6 34.4 8.3 14.2 71.1 3764.3 9682.8 157.2 75% 2003 8.43 11.44 56.5 58.9

36 TCL 75 90 90 2002 20

30 20 80 120 10 80 20079

2005

200712

1 (1) 1838 MC=0

10-29ADMRMC00C

(2) 1897

ABdAdB500A3003900B50031500AB1AB500 (3) 1933ABMC0DAOQlBADbOQ2

ABBOQl*OP0BOQlOP

2 1939 MRMC FG OQlOPl

3 1944 ABAB AA1A2BB1B2B3B4AAAlBB3A20B20BB3AA2A10B10A

40( )B10

AA2AlA2BAA1BB1B2B1B4B3(10)(10)B45A5B5AB

1 (Cartel) 1890

2 (1) 10-33ABBADDMRBSMCbSACbASMCaSACaBMRSMCb

P10QbAP2P2AAP1B,PAABA

(2) 10-34DDSSPlP2MCMRP2P2D1D1MRMCP3OQLP3OQcQrQcQLP3

(3)

1 2

3 4

10-3 (5) 1

2 ()

(1) (2) (3)