时态概念时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生的时间的各种形式。英语有16 种动词时态形式，但常见的有 9种，见下表：

I. 一 般现在时现在习惯性或经常性动作 Class begins at eight every morning状况 He looks tired.瞬间动作 T here comes the bus过去描述过去的事实，以求描绘的生动性The river rises higher and higher, breaks the banks and fills all low places.

将来固定不变或不易变的动作或状态 Tomorrow is Sunday.（在时间或条件从句中）表示将来的动作或状态 When he arrives, we’ll go out to meet him. 不受时间限制的动作或状态 The sun rises in the east.Practice makes perfect.

II. 一般过去时过去某时（或某段时间内）的动作 He traveled in Europe last year.状态 He was in Beijing some years ago.习惯动作 When I was at college, I wrote home once a week.先后一连串动作 He went to town, bought some books and visited his daughter.现在或将来非真实的动作或状态，属虚拟的语气范畴 It’s time we went.If he arrived tomorrow, I should meet him at the airport.

III. 一般将来时将来某个时刻（或某段时间内）将来要发生的动作，更多地用于带有条件从句的主句中He will come next week. I’ll ask her as soon as she comes.状态 Your dress will be ready soon.现在预测现在某事可能要发生了 It’s eleven o’clock. Mary will be in bed by now.现在的习惯 A lion will never attack an elephant.现在的需要 Shall I help you ?对将来的事情现在作出决定 — Which shirt do you want ?—I’ll take the blue one, please.

IV. 现在进行时现在某时（或某段时间内）正在进行的动作 He is writing a letter now.She is visiting Beijing this week.婉转口气 I’m hoping to hear from you soon.带有感情色彩的叙述 The boy is always talking in class.将来按计划一般不易变更的动作 The train is leaving at 11: 00p. m. .（在时间或条件从句中）表示将来的动作When you are cycling along the street, don’t forget the traffic light.

V. 过去进行时过去某时（或某段时间内）进行的动作 I was doing my homework this time last night.故事发生的背景 The wind was blowing and it was raining hard.带有感情色彩的叙述 He was making trouble all the time.过去说话前不久的动作 I was telling him his mother was ill.婉转口气 I was hoping you could help me.

VI. 过去将来时过过去间接引用某人过去的话和想法 He warned us that the journey would be dangerous.习惯性动作 At dusk, these old ladies would sit in rocking chairs and talk.现在非真实的动作或状态 If I were you, I would study French.客气的请求 Would you mind helping me ?愿望 I would like a cup of tea.

VII. 现在完成时现在时间前完成的动作留下的结果或影响He has turned off the light. I have been to Beijing twice.现在时间前已做的动作He is reading the book that he has bought recently.（在时间或条件从句中）表示在将来某个时间前先要做完的动作I’ll return the book to you as soon as I have finished it.直到现在为止尚未完成的动作He has lived in Beijing since last summer.

VIII. 过去完成时过去某一时训或某一事件前完成的动作或状态By the end of last term we had learned twelve units.He had been in this college for five years before I came to study.过去某一时刻或某一事件前已发生但未完成的动作By December last year, he had worked in Beijing for five years.He had been in this college for five years before I came to study.

• 其他用法表示非真实的，想象的过去动作或状态

• I wish I had told him about it. If the had worked harder, she would have succeeded.

• They had meant to see me off at the airport, but they got there too late.

IX ．现在完成进行时现在完成进行时主要表示动作开始于过去某时，一直持续到现在，当然中间动作有时并非无停顿。事实上现在完成时除了表示动作“已完成”的概念外，也可以表示动作“未完成”概念，两者在大多数情况下可以换用，但口语中更倾向于用现在完成进行时。如：He has lived here for 10 years.也可以说成： He has been living here for 10 years.

下列最好用现在完成进行时，因为带有一定的感情色彩。Where have you been ? I’ve been telephoning you the whole morning!He’s been talking to me since this morning.

练习一：动词时态与语态（ 1 ）1. When I saw Mary, she ______ on the pian

o.A.is playing B. plays C. was playing D. played2. She ______ the door before she goes aw

ay.A.had locked B. is locking C. has locked.

D. was locking.3. A hunter is a man who ______ animals.A.catch B. catches C. will catch D. was catching

• 4. What _____ if I drink this?

• happens B. is happening

• C. will happen

• D. is happened

• 5. I will visit you if Father ______ me.

• A. let B. lets C. is letting D. will let

• 6. Look out! That tree _____ fall down.• A. is going to B. will be • C. shall D. would• 7. My uncle _____ to see me. He'll be here

soon.• A. comes B. is coming • C. had come D. came• 8. They can't leave until they _____ their

work.• A. did B. are doing • C. have done D. has done

• 9. "Has he seen this film?" " Yes. He ______ it several days ago. "

• A. saw B. has seen C. had seen D. was seeing

• 10. Now Mike isn't here. He ______ Mr Green's. Perhaps he ______ back in a few minutes.

• A. went to; is coming • B. has gone to; will come• C. has been to; will be • D. is going to; has come

• 11. That day he ._______ his clothes before he came to see me.

• A. has washed B. washed• C. had been washing D. was washed• 12. I haven't finished my composition. I ____

__ for two hours and a half.• A. have written it B. have been writing it• C. wrote it D. am writing it• 13. I will take my daughter with me when I __

___ ShangHai,• A. go to B. will go to • C. have been to D. have gone to

• 14. This bright girl ______ the truth in front of the enemy.

• A. didn't say• B. couldn't speak to C. said • D. didn't tell• 15. The bridge which ______ last y

ear looks really beautiful.• A. was built B. built • C. was set up • D. had been built

• 16. " When ______ school begin?" " Next Monday. "

• A. has B. does C. did D. is going to• 17. I will ______ here till you give me some

money.• A. leave B. not leave • C. come D. return• 18. I _____ here since I moved here.• A. will work B. worked • C. work D. have been working

• 19. Every time I _____ there, I will buy him something nice.

• A. went B. will go • C. go D. have gone• 20. It was said that his father ______.• A. has died B. died.

C. has been dead D. had died

• 21. We won't go unless you ______ soon.• A. had come B. came • C. will come D. come• 22._____six years since I began studying

English.• A. They have been B. it is • C. It was D. There are• 23. They ______ the Summer Palace three

times.• A. have gone to B. have been to• C. have been in D. have gone into

• 24. "How long haven't we seen each other? ""Well, it _____ nearly two years since we ______ last. "

• A. is/have met B. was/had met • C. is/met D. has been/had met• 25. "Have you seen the art exhibition?"

"No, _____ there. "• A. it was not being held • B. they didn't hold• C. it had not held • D. they were holding it

• 26. Don't get off the bus until it ______.• A. stop B. will stop • C. stopped D. has stopped• 27. "Where ______ the recorder? I can't see it

anywhere." "I _____ it right here. But now it's gone. "

• A. did you put/have put • B. have you put/put• C. had you put/was putting • D. were you putting/have put• 28. They asked me to have a drink with them. I said

that it was 10 years since I ______ a good drink.• A. had enjoyed B. was enjoying C. enjoyed

D. had been enjoying

• 29. Don't come tonight. I would rather you _____ tomorrow.

• A. come B. came C. will come D. coming

• 30. ______ you ______?

• A. Do/marry B. Have/married

• C. Have/been married D. Are/married

• 31. When he ______ all the newspapers, he'll go home.

• A. sells B. has sold • C. will have sold D. will be sold• 32. "This cloth _____well and _____ long. ""Ok.

I'll take it. "• A. washes/lasts B. is washed/lasted

C. washes/is lasted D. is washing/lasting• 33. "Hurry up, you ______ on the phone. " "Oh,

I'm coming. Thank you. "• A. are wanted B. are being wanted • C. want D. are wanting

• 34. I ______ see you, but I didn't, for I had no time.

• A. had wanted to B. has wanted to C. wanted D. was wanted

• 35. I ______ in Guang Zhou for six years by this October.

• A. have lived B. was living C. will be living D. shall have lived

• 36. By this time next year he ______ from the college.

• A. will be graduating B. should be graduating

• C. will have graduated D. is graduating• 37. Our teacher told us that the earth _____

from west to east.• A. turns B. turn C. has turned • D. had turned• 38. My brother _____ while he _____ his

bicycle and hurt himself.• A. fell/was riding B. fell/were riding• C. had fallen/rode D. had fallen/was riding

• 39. Bill said he ____ twenty-one the next year.

• A. was going to be

• B. was about to be C. could be

• D. was to be

• 40. It is high time you _____ in bed now.

• A. are B. were

• C. will be D. would be

• 41. After a while an agreement _____.• A. was arrived at B. was arrived in

C. was arrived D. has been arrived

• 42. The air liner from Beijing _____ at 3:00 p.m.

• A. is about to arrive B. has arrived C. arrives D. is going to arrive

• 43.______,that step is not safe!• A. Look around B. Look up• C. Look out D. Look down

• 44. "Have you _____ him to give up smoking?" "No. I _____, but he wouldn't listen."

A. persuaded/tried B. tried/persuaded

C. tried/triedD. persuaded/persuaded

• 45. The research laboratory is going to ______ the new type of computer to use.

• A. take B. make C. put D. send

• 46. I don't know when he ______, but when he ______, I'll let you know.

• A. will come/comes B. comes/will come• C. comes/comes D. will come/will come• 47. How much do you think that vase _____?• A. is cost B. used • C. was paid for D. cost• 48. I _____ that he would be able to leave tomorro

w, but it's beginning to look diffcult.• A. hope B. had hoped• C. hoped D. am hoping

• 49. “Come on, Peter, I want to show you something.”

• “Oh, how nice of you, I _____ you _____ to bring me a gift.”

• A. never think/are going• B. never thought/ were going• C. didn’t think/ are going• D. hadn’t thought/ were going• 50. It’s a nice flat, but it _____ a proper bathroom.• A. haven’t got B. hasn’t got• C. wouldn’t get D. doesn’t have got

• 51. She had a shock when she heard the news, _____?

• A. hadn’t she B. didn’t sheC. wouldn’t she D. won’t she

• 52. This liquid _____ the salt at room temperature.

• A. became mixed withB. was mixed by

• C. mixes with

• D. has been mixing by

练习一、1~5 CCBCB 6~10 ABCAB 11~15 CBADA 16~20 BBDCD 21~25 DBBCA 26~30 DBABD 31~35 BAAAD 36~40 CAAAB 41~45 ACCAC 46~50 ADBBB 51~52 BC