توسعه فناوري
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توسعه فناوري. محمدعلي شفيعا استاد دانشکده مهندسي صنايع دانشگاه علم وصنعت ايران [email protected] www.iust.ac.ir. مؤلفههاي اصلي فناوري. ابزار لازم براي توليد ( Production - Tools and Facilities ) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Technology Development
(Production - Tools and Facilities) . ( production skills and experience) .
.2 () (Production -Facts and Information) (facts) . . (linkage Production- Arrangement and) . . 3 4 . . .
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: . . - . : 1- .2- .3- . : . . : . . . : . . : . . . : . . . . . . MOT
. . . MOT : . . . * * * * / * *
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* / * * * * R&D * * / * * * * * * * * - * * *
MOT
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() .18 Investment Capability) ) . : . ( Production Capability) . (Innovation Capability ) ( ) ( ) . (Linkage Capability) . 19 . . ( ) . . .
(E) (D) (R) E&D&R. R&D&E . 1- (Technology-Push).2- (Market-Pull).3- (Coupling-Model). . . (Technology-Push ) Technology-Push ( ) ( ) 1960 . . . . (Market-Pull ) (Market-Pull) ( ) ( ) .
(Coupling-Model ) . . 1960 . 1970 . . 1980 . 1990 . .
( )
35 1- .2- ( ).3- . . . 3- . ( ) 1- . . . 2- . . . .
. . . - . . (Demand Pull) (Supply Push) .
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40 () ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) 41 : ( )
- .- . - ( )-
: .Firms Social-CulturalEnvironment
Techno-EconomicEnvironmentIncentives and StimuliCreation and Learning of KnoeledgeScientific and Technological Infrastructure - NIS: National innovation system ( ) ( ) . . () () . . 80 . . . 90 . . .: . : () .
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.: NIS . . R&D . NIS : . . .: (Bridging) NIS . . R&D .: . . . .: NIS . . . NIS NIS . .
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() .
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( ) NIS . NIS .
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. R&D . ( ) R&D ( ) (SMEs) . (VC) (VC)
1- : 1382 15 68 . (UNDP : 2003)
2- : . 9/11 1/0 . (UNDP : 2003)3- : 56/0 OECD 6/2 5/1 . (UNDP : 2003) (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development -OECD4- R&D ( ): 590 OECD 2324 1210 . (UNDP : 2003) Hi-Tech Hi-Tech 1999 Hi-Tech 1999 1999 1999 1998 19981997 R&D R&D GDP2000 77-19974/302/111747440530171349816779036233147219934/2283119966/396/730346301794214729828889385307/10199386/1244819962/62721985589107703636033843891827199498/249093/5199535275/13467/3612144514134216682969/2377619933232266145571036507144619318199482/219972193199213900159337332166199448/056019940123294611394941108341199122/0459199144537155231211645/02911996253152379972111843910873/014919941039329104012307/01825927627217930489199224/01171994