(1-9) (2-9) (100,50,25,10,5) :(1) (2) (3) () 15 (99.9%) (10000) ( ) ( ) 1842 ( ) ( ) : (10-9 s) ( ) (E = hf) E = E = Ef-Ei (F = ma) (-q) (+q) (r) (F = -k q2/r2) (a = -v2/r) ___ = ___Kq2r2mv2r (9x109 N.m2/c2) (mvr) (h/2) (n) (mvr = nh/2)rn = _______h2n242mq2 (n) (-kq2/2r) En = -__________(j)2k2mq4h21/n2 En = -2.17x10-18X__1n2En = -13.6 X__1n2(eV) (n) ( 1922) (=h/mv) (mvr=hr/) (mvr=nh/2) :hr/=nh/2n=2r 1926 ( ) : (1) (2) (3) (4) () ( ) ( ) :(1) (2) (3) (1) :(1) ( ) (2) :(2) 1917 ( ) : (1) (2) (3) 1959 ( ) ( ) (99.9%) (0.1%) ( ) (2 mm) ( ) (1) (CD DVD) : (200 nm) (1-2 mm) (1%) (20%) (2) : (3) : (4) : (1300-1500 nm) (5) : (6) : (7) : (8) : .