წაბლარი ჰესის გ.ზ.შ
TRANSCRIPT
obieqti
bunebriv da socialur garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis angariSi
faili: Ph2_FEED_S.PDF
# A TariRi: 01.31.2013 masStabi:
Semowmebebi
mdinareebis wablaris, texurisa da yvirilas hesebis teqnikur-ekonomikuri dasabuTeba, bunebriv da socialur garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis angariSi da proeqti
ss “saqarTvelos mwvane energiis ganviTarebis kompania”
imereTis regioni baRdaTis raioni
hesi wablari-2 mdinare wablariswyali
miTiTeba. FS ALTERNATIVE #6 B2
kodi: 21001
ganax
leb
a
gamoSveba aRweriloba TariRi moamzada Seamowma 0.0 emisia 2012 w. ianvari
1
sarCevi
1. Sesavali ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 4
1.1. zogadi informacia proeqtis Sesaxeb ..................................................................................................................................... 4 1.2. proeqtis mxareebi da maTi saproeqto pasuxismgebloba ..................................................................................... 5 1.3. proeqtis kategorizacia ....................................................................................................................................................................... 6 1.4. bsgzS kvlevis moculoba da amocanebi ............................................................................................................................... 6 2. maregulirebeli CarCo ...................................................................................................................................................................10
2.1. moqmedi erovnuli garemosdacviTi kanonmdebloba ............................................................................................... 10 2.1.1. zogadi mimoxilva ................................................................................................................................................................................... 10 2.1.2. saerTaSoriso garemosdacviTi xelSekrulebebi, romelTa monawile mxaresac warmoadgens saqarTvelo ............................................................................................................................................................................. 12 2.2. sxva saerTaSoriso normebi/ mowinave meTodebi ........................................................................................................ 13 2.3. nebarTvebis gacemis procedurebi .............................................................................................................................................15 2.3.1. mSeneblobis nebarTva ..........................................................................................................................................................................15 2.3.2. garemoze zemoqmedebis nebarTvis gacemis procedura ................................................................................... 16 3. winaswari teqnikur-ekonomikuri dasabuTebis etapze ganxiluli saproeqto alternativebi .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 18
3.1. alternativebis analizis meTodebi ....................................................................................................................................... 24 3.2. alternativebis analizis Sedegebi ........................................................................................................................................ 26 4. proeqtis aRweriloba ..................................................................................................................................................................... 31
5. ZiriTadi monacemebi ......................................................................................................................................................................... 45
5.1. klimati da meteorologiuri pirobebi .............................................................................................................................. 45 5.2. geologia da geomorfologia ..................................................................................................................................................... 53 5.2.1. liTologiuri agebuleba .............................................................................................................................................................. 57 5.2.2. ZiriTadi sainJinro samuSaoebi ............................................................................................................................................... 60 5.3. niadagi ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 74 5.4. miwaTsargebloba da dasaxlebebi ............................................................................................................................................ 76 5.4.1. komponentis aRweriloba ................................................................................................................................................................. 76 5.5. zedapiruli wylis hidrologia ................................................................................................................................................ 80 5.6. hidrogeologia............................................................................................................................................................................................. 85 5.7. haeris xarisxi ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 91 5.8. xmauri da vibracia ................................................................................................................................................................................... 91 5.9. bunebrivi safrTxeebi............................................................................................................................................................................. 91 5.10. avtosatransporto moZraoba da infrastruqtura ............................................................................................... 95 5.11. landSafti ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 97 5.12. flora .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 98 5.13. fauna .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 100 5.14. mtknari wylis habitatebi da biomravalferovneba ........................................................................................... 101 5.15. xmeleTis habitatebi da biomravalferovneba ......................................................................................................... 102 5.16. ekosistemebi ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 103 5.17. daculi teritoriebi ......................................................................................................................................................................... 104 5.18. demografiuli da socialur-ekonomikuri sakiTxebi ...................................................................................... 107 5.19. kulturuli resursebi .................................................................................................................................................................... 108 6. samuSaoTa organizeba .................................................................................................................................................................. 109
6.1. mobilizacia ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 109 6.3. eqspluatacia................................................................................................................................................................................................. 122 7. SesaZlo zemoqmedeba bunebriv da socialur garemoze ............................................................................... 126
7.1. bunebriv da socialur garemoze hesis SesaZlo zemoqmedeba dagegmili saqmianobis sxvadasxva etapze .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 126 7.2. skriningi ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 129 8. bunebriv da socialur garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefaseba ............................................................................. 131
8.1. mavne nivTierebaTa emisiebi atmosferul haerSi .....................................................................................................131 8.1.1. zemoqmedebis Sefasebis meTodologia .............................................................................................................................131 8.1.2. mSeneblobis etapi .................................................................................................................................................................................131
2
8.1.3. eqspluataciis etapi .......................................................................................................................................................................... 133 8.1.4. zemoqmedebis Sefaseba ...................................................................................................................................................................... 133 8.1.5. Semarbilebeli zomebi ..................................................................................................................................................................... 133 8.1.6. narCeni zemoqmedebis Sefaseba ................................................................................................................................................ 134 8.2. xmauris gavrceleba ............................................................................................................................................................................... 136 8.2.1. zemoqmedebis Sefasebis meTodologia ........................................................................................................................... 136 8.2.2. mSeneblobis etapi ................................................................................................................................................................................ 137 8.2.3. eqspluatacia ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 139 8.2.4. zemoqmedebis Sefaseba...................................................................................................................................................................... 139 8.2.5. Semarbilebeli zomebi ..................................................................................................................................................................... 140 8.2.6. narCeni zemoqmedebis Sefaseba ................................................................................................................................................ 140 8.3. zemoqmedeba niadagze ............................................................................................................................................................................ 141 8.3.1. zemoqmedebis Sefasebis meTodologia ............................................................................................................................ 141 8.3.2. mSeneblobis etapi ................................................................................................................................................................................ 142 8.3.3. eqspluataciis etapi .......................................................................................................................................................................... 143 8.3.4. zemoqmedebis Sefaseba ...................................................................................................................................................................... 143 8.3.5. Semarbilebeli zomebi ..................................................................................................................................................................... 143 8.3.6. narCeni zemoqmedebis Sefaseba ................................................................................................................................................ 145 8.4. zemoqmedeba zedapirul wyalze ............................................................................................................................................... 146 8.4.1. zemoqmedebis Sefasebis meTodologia ........................................................................................................................... 146 8.4.2. mSeneblobis etapi ................................................................................................................................................................................ 148 8.4.3. eqspluataciis etapi .......................................................................................................................................................................... 149 8.4.5. Semarbilebeli zomebi..................................................................................................................................................................... 152 8.4.6. narCeni zemoqmedebis Sefaseba ................................................................................................................................................ 153 8.5. zemoqmedeba gruntis wyalze ....................................................................................................................................................... 155 8.5.1. zemoqmedebis Sefasebis meTodologia ........................................................................................................................... 155 8.5.2. mSeneblobis etapi ................................................................................................................................................................................ 155 8.5.3. eqspluataciis etapi .......................................................................................................................................................................... 156 8.5.4. zemoqmedebis Sefaseba ...................................................................................................................................................................... 156 8.5.5. Semarbilebeli zomebi ..................................................................................................................................................................... 156 8.5.6. narCeni zemoqmedebis Sefaseba ................................................................................................................................................ 156 8.6. zemoqmedeba xmeleTisa da wylis ekologiaze ......................................................................................................... 157 8.6.1. zemoqmedebis Sefasebis meTodologia ........................................................................................................................... 157 8.6.2. zemoqmedeba floraze ...................................................................................................................................................................... 159 8.6.2.1. mSeneblobis etapi............................................................................................................................................................................. 159 8.6.2.2. eqspluataciis etapi ...................................................................................................................................................................... 159 8.6.2.3. zemoqmedebis Sefaseba .................................................................................................................................................................. 159 8.6.2.4. Semarbilebeli zomebi ................................................................................................................................................................. 160 8.6.2.5. narCeni zemoqmedebis Sefaseba ............................................................................................................................................. 160 8.6.3. zemoqmedeba faunaze .......................................................................................................................................................................... 160 8.6.3.1. mSeneblobis etapi ............................................................................................................................................................................. 160 8.6.3.2. eqspluataciis etapi ...................................................................................................................................................................... 162 8.6.3.3. zemoqmedebis Sefaseba .................................................................................................................................................................. 164 8.6.3.4. Semarbilebeli zomebi ................................................................................................................................................................. 164 8.6.3.5. narCeni zemoqmedebis Sefaseba ............................................................................................................................................. 166 8.7. vizualuri-landSafturi zemoqmedeba ............................................................................................................................... 167 8.7.1. zemoqmedebis Sefasebis meTodologia ........................................................................................................................... 167 8.7.2. mSeneblobis etapi ................................................................................................................................................................................ 168 8.7.3. eqspluataciis etapi .......................................................................................................................................................................... 169 8.7.4. zemoqmedebis Sefaseba...................................................................................................................................................................... 170 8.7.5. Semarbilebeli zomebi ..................................................................................................................................................................... 170 8.7.6. narCeni zemoqmedebis Sefaseba ................................................................................................................................................ 171 8.8. zemoqmedeba socialur-ekonomikur garemoze ............................................................................................................. 171 8.8.1. zemoqmedebis Sefasebis meTodologia ........................................................................................................................... 171 8.8.2. jandacva da usafrTxoeba ........................................................................................................................................................... 173 8.8.2.1. zemoqmedebis Sefaseba ................................................................................................................................................................... 175 8.8.2.2. Semarbilebeli zomebi ................................................................................................................................................................. 175
3
8.8..3. resursebze xelmisawvdomloba, miwis sakuTreba da miwaTsargebloba .................................... 177 8.8.3.2. zemoqmedebis Sefaseba .................................................................................................................................................................. 177 8.8.3.2. Semarbilebeli zomebi ................................................................................................................................................................. 178 8.8.4. demografiuli cvlilebebi ....................................................................................................................................................... 179 8.8.5. ekonomikisa da dasaqmebis xelSewyoba .......................................................................................................................... 179 8.8.6. zemoqmedeba infrastruqturaze, satransporto nakadebze da mosaxleobis Tavisufal gadaadgilebaze .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 180 8.8.6.1. zemoqmedebis Sefaseba ................................................................................................................................................................... 180 8.8.6.2. Semarbilebeli zomebi ................................................................................................................................................................. 181 8.8.6.7. narCenebi...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 182 8.8.6.7.1. zemoqmedebis daxasiaTeba ...................................................................................................................................................... 182 8.8.6.7.2. zemoqmedebis Sefaseba ............................................................................................................................................................... 182 8.8.3.2. Semarbilebeli zomebi ................................................................................................................................................................. 182 8.8.8. kumulatiuri zemoqmedeba ............................................................................................................................................................ 185 9. Semarbilebeli zomebis Sejameba ...................................................................................................................................... 186
9.1. mSenebelobis faza .................................................................................................................................................................................. 186 9.2. eqspluataciis etapi ............................................................................................................................................................................. 191 10. garmosdacviTi da socialuri monitoringis gegma ............................................................................................. 192 10.1. monitoringis gegma – mosamzadebeli da samSeneblo samuSaoebi ...................................................... 193 10.2. monitoringis gegma – eqspluatacia .................................................................................................................................. 195 11. narCeni zemoqmedeba ....................................................................................................................................................................... 196
12. SesaZlo avariuli situaciebi ........................................................................................................................................... 197
13. informaciis gamJRavneba da sazogadoebis wevrebis monawileoba bsgzS-s procesSi .... 200
14. gamoyenebuli literatura..................................................................................................................................................... 201
danarTi #1. narCenebis Senaxvis pirobebi da moZraobis sqema ........................................................................205 danarTi #2. narCenebis Senaxvis pirobebi da moZraobis sqema ........................................................................ 212
4
1. Sesavali hidroenergias mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs saqarTvelos bunebriv resursebs Soris. saqarTveloSi mcire hidroeleqtrosadgurebis mSeneblobis sferoSi Sesrulebul yvela kvlevaSi xazgasmulia is faqti, rom qveyanas gaaCnia udidesi potenciali, romlis gamoyenebac garemosdacviTi TvalsazrisiTac SeiZleba, qveynisTvis momgebiani iyos. saqarTveloSi 26 000-ze meti mdinarea (sigrZiT daaxloebiT 60 000 km). 319 ZiriTadi mdinaris energetikuli potenciali Seadgens 1563 gvt. ekvivalentis tol saerTo wliur simZlavres. saqarTvelos parlamentis 2005 wlis 27 dekembris #25/37 gadawyvetilebis safuZvelze saqarTvelos parlamentma daamtkica energetikis saministros mier momzadebuli “saqarTvelos energoseqtoris saxelmwifo politikis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi”. am dokumentiT mocemulia energetikis sferoSi arsebuli politikis is mimarTulebebi, romelTa Tanaxmadac samrewvelo da sayofacxovrebo-komunaluri seqtoris energetikuli moTxovna unda dakmayofildes qveyanaSi arsebuli energetikuli resursebis (maT Soris, hidroresursebis) gamoyenebisa da importirebuli energomatareblebis diversifikaciis meSveobiT. aRniSnuli politikis ZiriTad amocanebs warmoadgens saxelmwifos ekonomikuri damoukideblobisa da seqtoris mdgradobis miRweva da aseve, energetikuli usafrTxoebis (teqnikuri, ekonomikuri da politikuri faqtorebis) uzrunvelyofa. mcire hidroeleqtrosadgurebis ageba aRniSnuli miznis miRwevis erT-erT saSualebad aris miCneuli. USAID1, UNDP2, GEF3 da rigi sxva organizaciebis SefasebebiT, xazgasmulia mcire hidroenergetikis ganviTarebis maRali potenciali. 2008 wlis aprilis TveSi saqarTvelos mTavrobam daamtkica “grinfildis” investiciebis vadebi da pirobebi hidroeleqtrosadgurebis ganviTarebis dargSi. saqarTvelos energetikisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministrom (sebrs) saxelmwifo programis “ganaxlebadi energia 2008” farglebSi ganacxada interesTa gamoxatvis Sesaxeb “saqarTvelos potenciuri hidroeleqtrosadgurebis CamonaTvalSi” (www.menr.gov.ge) miTiTebuli hesebis mSeneblobis, eqspluataciisa da sakuTrebisadmi. CamonaTvalSi Sedis 78 ubani, romelTa perspeqtiuli simZlavre meryeobs 5-dan 60 mgvt-mde. CamonaTvalSi mocemuli potenciuri hesebis umetesoba mdinaris bunebrivi reJimiT muSaobazea gaTvlili/gaTvlilia, rogorc saderivacio nageboba.
1.1. zogadi informacia proeqtis Sesaxeb
ss “saqarTvelos mwvane energiis ganviTarebis kompaniam” (GGEDC anu “damkveTi”) gamoxata interesi sami mcire hesis – “texuris hesis” (md. texuri), “wablaris hesis kaskadis” (md. md. wablariswyali da xaniswyali) da “Walis hesis” (md. md. yvirila da SuSa) teqnikur-ekonomikuri dasabuTebis momzadebisadmi.
1 aSS saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagento (USAID)
2 gaeros ganviTarebis programa (UNDP)
3 evropis mwvane fondi (GEF)
5
2011 wlis agvistoSi GGEDC-is mier gamocxadda interesTa gamoxatva sam blokad dayofili 10 hesis (“texuri 1-6”, “wablari 2”, “xan-wablari 3”, “Wala”) mSeneblobis proeqtze. GGEDC-is mier moTxovnili momsaxureobis moculobaSi Sedioda teqnikur-ekonomikuri dasabuTeba, maT Soris ganxorcielebadobis proeqti, xarjTaRricxva da finansuri analizi, xolo damqiraveblis dadebiTi gadawyvetilebis safuZvelze - momdevno etapze proeqtis ganxorcielebis gegma da garemosdacviTi zemoqmedebis Sefaseba. kvlevis mizans warmoadgenda momavalSi GGEDC-is SesaZlo monawileobis dadgena aRniSnuli hesebis proeqtebis ganxorcielebaSi. procesi Sedgeba Semdegi ori etapisgan:
faza I: hesis proeqtebis teqnikur-ekonomikuri dasabuTeba, maT Soris pirveladi garemosdacviTi da socialuri Sefasebebi;
faza II: winasaproeqto sainJinro proeqti da garemosdacviTi da socialuri zemoqmedebis Sefasebis angariSi.
2011 wels SemuSavda teqnikur-ekonomikuri dasabuTeba da winasaproeqto sainJinro proeqti italiuri kompania “STEGET S.r.l.”-s (SemdgomSi “stegeti”) mier. bunebriv da socialur garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefaseba (bsgzS) xelSekrulebis ZaliT, daevalaT kompaniebs “Golder Associates S.r.l”-sa (SemdgomSi “golderi”) da Sps “gama konsalTing”-s (SemdgomSi “gama”). saproeqto gadawyvetilebebisa da maT zemoqmedebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT biofizikur da socialur garemoze damkveTma gadawyvita, wablaris proeqtis ganxorcieleba. teqnikur-ekonomikuri dasabuTebis etapze warmodgenili sami saproeqto winadadebidan wablaris hesis erT-erTi blokis ganxorcieleba misaReb variantad CaiTvala. winamdebare angariSi ukavSirdeba proeqtis II fazas da iZleva gegmiuri mSeneblobis garemosdacviTi da socialuri zemoqmedebis Sefasebas.
1.2. proeqtis mxareebi da maTi saproeqto pasuxismgebloba
proeqti ganxorcielda “saqarTvelos navTobisa da gazis korporaciis” (s.n.g.k) mier 2011 wels Semdegi miznebiT daarsebuli kompania ss “GGEDC”-is sasargeblod: saqarTveloSi hesebisa da ganaxlebadi energiis sxva wyaroebis
daproeqteba, ageba, reabilitacia, rekonstruqcia da eqspluatacia; saqarTveloSi ganaxlebadi energiis sainvesticio proeqtebis
SemuSaveba da ganxorcieleba da potenciuri investorebis mozidva; saqarTveloSi eleqtrogadamcemi xazebis daproeqteba, ageba,
reabilitacia, rekonstruqcia da eqspluatacia; saqarTvelos energobazarze yidva-gayidvis tranzaqciebis
ganxorcieleba da aseve, eleqtroenergiis importi da eqsporti; eleqtroenergiis gadacema sakuTari eleqtrogadamcemi xazebiT.
tenderis Sedegad “proeqtebis teqnikur-ekonomikuri dasabuTebisa da winasaproeqto sainJinro proeqtis” kontraqti gadaeca kompania “stegets”. kontraqtis Tanaxmad, kompania valdebulia, Caataros yvela saWiro savele
6
samuSao da kvleva samuSaos Sesasruleblad saWiro yvela monacemisa da informaciis Segrovebis mizniT. proeqtis ganxorcielebis mizniT kompaniam daaarsa kompania “STEGETGROUP GE” (SemdgomSi “steget ji”) – saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis mixedviT moqmedi SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoeba ofisebiT TbilisSi (saqarTvelo). proeqtisTvis saWiro bsgzS Sesrulebis mizniT xeli moewera kontraqts “steget ji”-sa da “gamas” Soris. “steget ji”-sa da “gamas” Soris SeTanxmebis Tanaxmad, “steget ji” valdebulia, “gamas” miawodos mis xelT arsebuli yvela informacia, rac aucilebeli iqneba “gamas” mier Sefasebis saTanadod warmoebisTvis. “gama” amzadebs proeqtis biofizikuri da socialuri garemos Sefasebas, xolo amave periodSi “golderi” uzrunvelyofs bsgzS koordinacias “stegetis” saxeliT.
1.3. proeqtis kategorizacia
mocemuli proeqti “saerTaSoriso safinanso korporaciis” (ssk)/”rekonstruqciisa da ganviTarebis evropuli bankis” (egrb) bunebrivi da socialuri garemos dacvis dokumentiT mocemuli kriteriumebis Tanaxmad,D ganekuTvneba garemosdacviT “a” kategorias. am kategoriis proeqtebSi Sedis “mwvane velis” proeqtebi an gardaqmna-cvlilebis proeqtebis gafarToeba, romelTa Sedegadac mosalodnelia sxvadasxva saxis mavne bunebrivi da/an socialuri zemoqmedeba. aRniSnuli proeqtebi saWiroeben Sefasebis formalur da saerTo proceduras (srul bsgzS-s) ssk-s garemosdacviTi da socialuri usafrTxoebis wesebisa da politikis Tanaxmad. “a” kategoriis proeqtebis bsgzS aRwers proeqtis potenciur dadebiT da uaryofiT zemoqmedebebs bunebriv da socialur garemoze da riskebs, adarebs maT ganxorcielebadi alternativebis (maT Soris nulovani scenaris) dadebiT da uaryofiT zemoqmedebebs bunebriv da socialur garemoze da riskebs da iZleva rekomendaciebs mavne zemoqmedebaTa Tavidan acilebis, minimumade dayvanis, Serbilebis an kompensaciisa da saeqspluatacio maxasiaTeblebis gaumjobesebis mizniT.
1.4. bsgzS kvlevis moculoba da amocanebi
bsgzS-s amocanas warmoadgens wablaris hesis mSeneblobisa da eqspluataciis zemoqmedebis Sefaseba saproeqto teritoriaze arsebul biofizikur da socialur garemoze. bsgzS-s mizania I fazaSi ganxorcielebuli bunebriv da socialur garemoze zemoqmedebis winaswari Sefasebis (bsgzS) Sevseba. amdenad, misi ZiriTadi amocanebia:
sruli garemosdacviTi da socialur-ekonomikuri xasiaTis amosavali monacemebis Segroveba bsgzS-Si arsebuli xarvezebis aRmosafxvrelad;
srul amosaval monacebze dayrdnobiT bsgzS-Si miTiTebuli yvela sensitiuri receptorisa da potenciuri garemosdacviT/socialur-ekonomikur zemoqmedebaTa da riskebis gadaxedva da Sevseba yvela saproeqto alternativisTvis;
7
yvela tipis zemoqmedebisa da potenciuri riskis raodenobrivi da xarisxobrivi Sefasebis kriteriumebis naTlad da obieqturad dadgena;
teqnikur-ekonomikuri dasabuTebiT mocemuli yvela saproeqto alternativis SemTxvevaSi garemosdacviTi da socialur-ekonomikuri receptorebis yvela kategoriisTvis mosalodneli cvlilebebis raodenobrivi/xarisxobrivi daxasiaTeba yvela saproeqto etapze, maT Soris winasamSeneblo, mSeneblobis, eqspluataciisa da eqspluataciidan gamoyvanis etapebzec;
aRwerili cvlilebebis mniSvnelobis Sefaseba dadgenili kriteriumebis mixedviT da Serbilebis saWiroebis dadgena;
yvela mniSvnelovani zemoqmedebisTvis prevenciuli da Semarbilebeli zomebis SemuSaveba da maTi efeqturobis Sefaseba;
yvela alternativisTvis narCeni zemoqmedebis Sefaseba Serbilebis zomebis miRebis Semdeg dadgenili kriteriumebis gamoyenebiT da alternativebis analizi; axali alternativis SemuSavebis saWiroebis dadgena an SemoTavazebuli alternativebis cvlilebis upiratesobebis gansazRvra;
inJiner-konstruqtorebTan konsultacia potenciuri garemosdacviTi da socialuri problemebis Sesaxeb da axali alternativebis erToblivad SemuSaveba an SemoTavazebul alternativaSi cvlilebebis Setana saWiroebisamebr;
bsgzS procesSi sazogadoebis monawileobis uzrunvelyofa da saproeqto informaciis gavrceleba proeqtis dawyebisTanave;
yvela dakarguli miwis nakveTis, aqtivisa da sacxovreblis Sesabamis kompensirebis an aRdgenis uzrunvelyofa.
zemoT CamoTvlili amocanebis gaTvaliswinebiT, calkeuli samuSao gundebis amocanebi Semdegia:
garemosdacviTi skopingis, socialuri skriningisa da teqnikur-ekonomikuri dasabuTebis gadaxedva;
amosavali monacemebis Segroveba, rogorc aRniSnuli miTiTebulia gep-analizSi;
dainteresebuli mxareebis monawileobis gegmis SemuSaveba; ubanze gasvlebi damatebiTi kvlevebisa da azomvebis sawarmoeblad – gep-analizis mixedviT;
sazogadoebasTan sakonsultacio Sexvedrebisa da informaciuli kampaniis organizeba;
adgilobrivi da saerTaSoriso kanonebisa da dadgenilebebis gadaxedva, winaswari kvlevis mixedviT;
garemosa da socialur-ekonomur sferoebSi potenciuri cvlilebebis aRwera da Sefaseba: zemoqmedebaTa/riskebis Sefasebis kriteriumebis SemuSaveba; prognozirebuli cvlilebebis Sefaseba Sefasebis kriteriumebis
gamoyenebiT;
8
dauSvebeli da mniSvnelovani zemoqmedebebisa da riskebis dadgena da maTi ganxilva inJiner-konstruqtorebTan prevenciis/Serbilebis zomebis dadgenis mizniT (maT Soris adgilmonacvleoba, proeqtis Secvla da sxv.);
yvela dauSvebeli da mniSvnelovani zemoqmedebisa da riskis prevenciis/Serbilebis zomebis erTobliobis SemuSaveba.
narCeni zemoqmedebisa da riskebis Sefaseba; bunebriv da socialur garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis winaswari angariSis momzadeba;
garemosdacviTi da socialuri winaswari samoqmedo gegmis momzadeba, maT Soris marTvis gegmebisac;
miwis Sesyidvis CarCo dokumentis proeqtis (rogorc calke dokumentis an rogorc bsgzS angariSis Semadgeneli nawilis) momzadeba;
konsultaciebis meore ciklis Catareba; bsgzS angariSis, dainteresebuli mxareebis monawileobis ggemisa da sacxovreblis aRdgenis gegmis gadaxedva da saboloo saxiT Camoyalibeba konsultaciebis procesSi gamoTqmuli SeniSvnebisa da komentarebis gaTvaliswinebiT;
proeqtis teqnikuri rezumes momzadeba (saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis moTxovnisamebr).
bsgz iZleva srulmasStabiani kvlevis samuSaoTa detalur da specifiur CamonaTvals da aseve, amosaval socialur-ekonomikur monacemebs, xolo bsgzS dokumenti ZiriTadad iyenebs winaswari Sefasebisa da teqnikur-ekonomikuri kvlevis monacemebsa da daskvnebs. bsgzS ganixilavs Semdeg ZiriTad sakiTxebs: ekologiuri problemebi:
zemoqmedeba hidrologiaze (qveda biefis xarji da naleqis gadaadgileba);
zedapiruli wylis dabinZureba; eroziis, datborvisa da mewyeris riskebi (saSiSroeba); seismuri da geologiuri saSiSroeba; tyis resursebze zedmoqmedeba da maTi dacva; xmeleTis flora da fauna; wylis ekosistemebi da TevzsaWerebi; adgilobrivi haeris xarisxi; globaluri da adgilobrivi klimaturi cvlilebebi; kumulatiuri zemoqmedebebi.
socialur-ekonomikuri xasiaTis problemebi:
zemoqmedeba adgilobriv da regionalur ekonomikaze; zemoqmedeba infrastruqturaze; miwis Sesyidvis problemebi; sazogadoebis wevrebis jandacvisa da usafrTxoebis, aseve, Sromis
higienisa da usafrTxoebis sakiTxebi.
9
aRniSnulis paralelurad, mzaddeba dainteresebuli mxareebis monawileobis gegma (SEP), romelic iTvaliswinebs sazogadoebrivi auTriCis strategiasa da meqanizms da iwyeba sazogadoebasTan konsultaciebis procesi. SEP moicavs Semdegs:
yvela dainteresebuli mxarisa da potenciurad zemoqmedebis qveS myofi jgufis aRweriloba;
yvela dainteresebuli mxaris proeqtSi monawileobis strategia da mTeli saproeqto cikli, maT Soris bsgzS, aseve, mSeneblobisa da eqspluataciis fazebi;
gasaCivrebis meqanizmi; bsgzS farglebSi ganxorcielebuli monawileobis nebismieri qmedebis
amsaxveli Canawerebi, romlebic aRwers dainteresebuli mxareebis mier wamoWril garemosdacviT da socialur problemebs da iZleva am problemebis bsgzS farglebSi gadaWris aRweriloba;
informaciis gavrcelebis gegma. bsgzS da gegmebis momzadebis Semdeg moxdeba maTi gasajaroeba maT Sesaxeb SeniSvnebis gamoTqmis mizniT. moewyoba sajaro konsultaciebi gamWvirvalobisa da dainteresebuli mxareebis monawileobis uzrunvelsayofad. aRniSnulis ganxorcieleba SesaZlebelia gazeTebis (adgilobrivi da erovnuli presis), internet-sivrcis (saqarTveloSi “orhusis” centris veb-gverdis) saSualebiT, auTriCisa da zemoqmedebis arealSi moqceuli adgilobrivi garemosdacviTi saagentoebis, arasamTavrobo organizaciebisa da sazogadoebrivi centrebis informirebulobis sxva meTodebis gamoyenebiT. bsgzS farglebSi damuSavdeba sazogadoebrivi auTriCis Semdegi saxis masalebi:
mokle sainformacio broSura (erTgverdiani, A4 formatis), romelSic miTiTebuli iqneba proeqtis aRweriloba, bsgzS procesis aRweriloba da skopingis etapis daskvnebi, dainteresebuli mxareebis proeqtSi CarTvis procesisa da gasaCivrebis meqanizmis aRweriloba;
bsgzS arateqnikuri rezume (5-10 gverdi, A4 formatis). rac Seexeba bsgzS paketSi Semaval danarCen dokumentebs, miwis Sesyidvis winaswari CarCo proeqtis sajarod ganxilva da misi saboloo saxiT Camoyalibeba moxdeba konsultaciebis periodSi gamoTqmuli SeniSvnebis gaTvaliswinebiT. sajaro ganxilvebisa da informaciis gavrcelebis etapis dasrulebis Semdeg moxdeba yvela dokumentis gadaxedva da maT garSemo gamoTqmuli SeniSvnebis, winadadebebisa da SeTavazebebis SeZlebisdagvarad gaTvaliswineba mavne zemoqmedebis minimumamde dayvanisa da sargeblis gazrdis mizniT. da bolos, bsgzS da saproeqto gundebi erToblivad moamzadeben proeqtis teqnikur rezumes saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis moTxovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT. saqarTvelos kanonis Tanaxmad, teqnikuri rezume
10
garemosdacviTi dokumentebis paketis farglebSi waredgineba garemos dacvis saministros ekologiuri eqspertizis mizniT.
2. maregulirebeli CarCo
hesebis mSenebloba da eqspluatacia moxdeba rogorc erovnuli sakanonmdeblo moTxovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT, ise im saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebisa da konvenciebis safuZvelze, romlebic CarTulia erovnul kanonmdeblobaSi.
2.1. moqmedi erovnuli garemosdacviTi kanonmdebloba
2.1.1. zogadi mimoxilva
saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba Sedgeba qveynis konstituciisgan4, garemosdacviTi kanonebisgan, saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebebisgan, qvemdebare kanonebisgan, normatiuli aqtebisgan, prezidentis brZanebulebebisgan, ministrebis brZanebebisgan, miTiTebebisa da dadgenilebebisgan. garda erovnuli dadgenilebebisa, unda aRiniSnos, rom saqarTvelo aris rigi saerTaSoriso konvenciebis xelmomweri mxare, maT Soris garemos dacvis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebuli konvenciebisac (ix. Tavi 2.1.2). ukanasknel aTwleulebSi saqarTvelom ganaaxla da Seqmna mtkice samarTlebrivi da politikuri safuZveli garemos dacvisaTvis, romlis mizania mowinave saerTaSoriso praqtikis gaTvaliswineba da romelic iZleva farTod gamoyenebuli samarTlebrivi meqanizmebisa da standartebis, maT Soris garemosdacviTi zemoqmedebis SefasebasTan, ekonomikuri xasiaTis dokumentebTan, Semowmeba/monitoringsa da nebarTvebTan dakavSirebuli normebis gamoyenebis saSualebas. amJamad moqmedi da proeqtis konteqstis relevanturi dadgenilebebis CamonaTvali mocemulia qvemoT, cxrilebSi 1 da 2. cxrilebs unda daematos yvela sxva Sesabamisi kanoni saWiroebisamebr. cxrili 1. saqarTveloSi moqmedi garemosdacviTi kanonebi da dadgenilebebi
kanonis/dadgenilebis dasaxeleba TariRi
saqarTvelos kanoni niadagis dacvis Sesaxeb (Sesw. 1997, 2002) 1994
kanoni saqarTvelos teritoriaze narCenebis tranzitisa da importis Sesaxeb 1995
saqarTvelos kanoni garemos dacvis Sesaxeb (Sesw. 2000, 2003, 2007) 1996
saqarTvelos kanoni daculi teritoriebis sistemis Sesaxeb (Sesw. 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007)
1996
saqarTvelos kanoni Sinagani organoebis Sesaxeb (Sesw. 1999, 2002, 2004, 2005) 1996
saqarTvelos kanoni veluri bunebis Sesaxeb (Sesw. 2001, 2003, 2004) 1997
saqarTvelos kanoni wylis Sesaxeb (Sesw. 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006) 1997
4 konstituciiT gaTvaliswinebulia garemos dacvis sferoSi qveynis moqalaqeTa ufleba-movaleobebis mmarTveli principebi (muxli 37). am dokumentiT gaTvaliswinebulia samarTlebrivi CarCo, romelic uzrunvelyofs sazogadoebis wevrebis xelmisawvdomlobas informaciaze da warmoadgens garemosdacviT pirobebTan dakavSirebiT sazogadoebasTan konsultaciis procesis mniSvnelovan komponents. mTavroba valdebulia, uzrunvelyos bunebrivi resursebis racionaluri gamoyeneba da zogadad, daicvas garemo.
11
kanoni atmosferuli haeris dacvis Sesaxeb (Sesw. 2000, 2007, 2008) 1999
saqarTvelos kanoni saxifaTo narCenebiT gamowveuli zaralis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb (Sesw. 2002, 2003)
1999
saqarTvelos tyis kodeqsi (Sesw. 2000, 2001, 2003, 2005, 2006) 1999
garemos dacvis ministris #59 brZanebis safuZvelze damtkicda dadgenileba garemosdacviTi zemoqmedebis Sefasebis Sesaxeb
2002
saqarTvelos kanoni saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxisa da wiTeli wignis Sesaxeb (Sesw. 2006)
2005
saqarTvelos kanoni saxanZro usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb 2005
saqarTvelos kanoni licenziebisa da nebarTvebis Sesaxeb 2006
saqarTvelos kanoni licenziebisa da nebarTvebis Sesaxeb 2007
saqarTvelos kanoni ekologiuri Sefasebis Sesaxeb 2007
saqarTvelos kanoni garemoze zemoqmedebis nebarTvis Sesaxeb 2007
saqarTvelos kanoni ekologiuri eqspertizis Sesaxeb 2007
saqarTvelos kanoni garemos dacvis samsaxuris Sesaxeb 2007
garemosdacviTi zianis Sefasebis meTodologia 2011
socialur da miwis sakuTrebis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebuli kanonebi da dadgenilebebi samSeneblo proeqtebTan dakavSirebiT Semdegia:
cxrili 2. proeqtTan kavSirSi myofi socialur da miwis sakuTrebis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebuli kanonebi
dadgenileba TariRi
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi 1997
sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwis arasasoflo-sameurneo mizniT gamoyofisas sanacvlo miwis aTvisebis Rirebulebisa da miyenebuli zianis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb
1997
saqarTvelos kanoni mSeneblobis proeqtebis saxelmwifo kompleqsuri eqspertizis da damtkicebis Sesaxeb
1999
saqarTvelos kanoni kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis Sesaxeb 1999
saqarTvelos kanoni saproeqto-samSeneblo saqmianobis licenzirebis Sesaxeb 1999
saqarTvelos kanoni aucilebeli sazogadoebrivi saWiroebisaTvis sakuTrebis uflebis CamorTmevis wesis Sesaxeb
1999
saqarTvelos kanoni saxelmwifos sakuTrebaSi arsebuli sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwis privatizaciis Sesaxeb
2005
saqarTvelos kanoni uZrav qonebaze uflebaTa registraciis Sesaxeb 2005
saqarTvelos kanoni saqarTvelos zRvisa da mdinareTa napirebis regulirebisa da sainJinro dacvis Sesaxeb
2006
saqarTvelos kanoni kulturuli memkvidreobis Sesaxeb 2007
saqarTvelos kanoni sazogadoebrivi janmrTelobis Sesaxeb 2007
saqarTvelos kanoni fizikuri da kerZo samarTlis iuridiuli pirebis mflobelobaSi (sargeblobaSi) arsebul miwis nakveTebze sakuTrebis uflebis aRiarebis Sesaxeb
2007
12
2.1.2. saerTaSoriso garemosdacviTi xelSekrulebebi, romelTa monawile mxaresac warmoadgens saqarTvelo
mTavrobaTaSorisi SeTanxmebebi, protokolebi da konvenciebi, romelTa monawile an xelmomwer mxaresac warmoadgens saqarTvelo, mocemulia qvemoT, cxrilSi 3.
cxrili 3. saerTaSoriso garemosdacviTi xelSekrulebebi, romelTa monawile mxaresac warmoadgens saqarTvelo
saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebebi saqarTvelo TariRi statusi
1969 briuselis saerTaSoriso konvencia Ria zRvaSi CarevasTan dakavSirebiT iseTi incidentebis dros, romlebic iwveven navTobiT dabinZurebas
1995 Ac
1971 ramsaris konvencia saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobis Warbteniani teritoriebis, gansakuTrebiT wylis frinvelTa sabinadrod vargisi teritoriebis Sesaxeb. 1982 (parizi) cvlilebebi; 1987 (regina) cvlilebebi
1996 Ra
1971 briuselis konvencia navTobiT dabinZurebiT gamowveuli kompensaciis mizniT saerTaSoriso fondis Seqmnis Sesaxeb. 1992 fondis protokoli
2001 Ra
1972 parizis konvencia msoflio kulturuli da bunebrivi memkvidreobis dacvis Sesaxeb
1992 Su
1973 vaSingtonis konvencia gadaSenebis ouras myofi veluri faunisa da floris saxeobebiT saerTaSoriso vaWrobis Sesaxeb 1979 (boni) Sesworeba; 1983 (gaborone) Sesworeba
1996 Ra
1973 (londoni). konvencia gemebis narCenebiT dabinZurebis Tavidan acilebis Sesaxeb (marpoli) 1978 (londoni). protokoli (izolirebuli balasti) 1978 (londoni). danarTi III SefuTuli formiT gadaziduli saxifaTo nivTierebebis Sesaxeb 1978 (londoni). danarTi IV Camdinare wylebis Sesaxeb 1978 (londoni). danarTi V nagvis Sesaxeb
1995 Ra
1979 (boni) konvencia gareuli cxovelebis migraciuli saxeobebis konservaciis Sesaxeb 1991 (londoni).SeTanxmeba evropaSi xelfrTianebis populaciebis dacvis Sesaxeb
1992 (niu-iorki). SeTanxmeba mcire veSapisnairTa dacvis Sesaxeb baltiisa da CrdiloeTis zRvebSi (ASCOBANS)
1995 (haaga). afrikis/evraziis SeTanxmeba wylis frinvelebis migraciuli saxeobebis Sesaxeb (AEWA)
1996 (monako). SeTanxmeba Savi zRvis, xmelTaSua zRvisa da mimdebare atlantikis okeanis arealSi veSapisnairTa dacvis Sesaxeb (ACCOBAMS)
2000 2001 2001 2001
Ra Ra Ra Ra
1982 (montego-bei) konvencia zRvis Sesaxeb kanonis Sesaxeb 1994 (niu-iorki) SeTanxmeba 1982 wlis 10 dekembris zRvis Sesaxeb gaeros konvenciis debulebebis ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebis IX Tavis ganxorcielebasTan dakavSirebiT, romelic ukavSirdeba Tevzis transgenuli populaciebisa da did manZilze migrirebadi Tevzis populaciebis konservaciasa da marTvas.
1996
Ac
1985 venis konvencia ozonis Sris dacvis Sesaxeb 1987 (monreali). oqmi ozonis Sris damSlel nvTierebaTa Sesaxeb 1990 (londoni). protokolis Sesworeba 1992 (kopenhageni). protokolis Sesworeba 1997 (monreali). protokolis Sesworeba 1999 (pekini). protokolis Sesworeba.
1996 1996 2000 2000 2000
Ra Ra Ra Ra Ra
1989 (bazeli) konvencia saxifaTo narCenebis transsasazRvro gadazidvisa da 1999 Ra
13
saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebebi saqarTvelo TariRi statusi
maTi ganTavsebiskontrolis Sesaxeb 1995 amkrZalavi Sesworeba 1999 (bazeli) oqmi pasuxismgeblobisa da kompensaciis Sesaxeb
1990 (londoni) saerTaSoriso konvencia navTobiT dabinZurebis SemTxvevaSi masTan brZolisa da TanamSromlobisadmi mzadyofnis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb
1997 Ac
1992 (rio de Janeiro) konvencia biomravalferovnebis Sesaxeb 2000 (karTageni) oqmi biousafrTxoebis Sesaxeb
1994 Ra
1992 (niu-iorki) gaeros CarCo konvencia klimaturi cvlilebis Sesaxeb 1997 (kioto) oqmi
1994 1997
Ac Ac
1994 (parizi) gaeros konvencia gaudabnoebis winaaRmdeg brZolis Sesaxeb 1999 Ra
1998 (roterdami) konvencia winaswari informirebuli Tanxmobis proceduris Sesaxeb zogierTi saxifaTo qimiuri nivTierebebiTa da pesticidebiT saerTaSoriso vaWrobaSi
2007 Ra
2001 (stokholmi) konvencia mdgradi organuli damabinZureblebis Sesaxeb 2006 Ra
1979 (berni) konvencia evropaSi bunebrivi habitatebis gareuli faunisa da floris dacvis Sesaxeb
2008 Ra
1979 (Jeneva) konvencia haeris transasazRvro dabinZurebis Sesaxeb did manZilebze 1984 (Jeneva) protokoli – TanamSromlobis programis dafinanseba (EMEP) 1985 (helsinki) protokoli – gogirdis emisiebis Semcireba 30%-iT 1988 (sofia) protokoli - azotis Jangeulebis emisiis SezRudva 1991 (Jeneva) protokoli – aqroladi organuli naerTebi 1994 (oslo) protokoli – gogirdovani emisiebis Semdgomi Semcireba 1998 (orhusi) protokoli mZime liTonebis Sesaxeb 1998 (orhusi) protokoli mdgradi organuli damabinZureblebis Sesaxeb 1999 (gotenbergi) protokoli Jangvis, evtrifikaciisa da miwis zedapirze arsebuli haeris dabinZurebis Semcirebis Sesaxeb
1999 Ra
1991 (espo) konvencia garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis Sesaxeb transasazRvro konteqstSi 2003 (kievi) protokoli strategiuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis Sesaxeb
2003 Si
1992 (helsinki) konvencia transasazRvro wylebis dacvisa da gamoyenebis Sesaxeb 1999 (londoni) protokoli wylisa da jandacvis Sesaxeb 2003 (kievi) protokoli transasazRvro wylebSi samrewvelo avariebis transasazRvro zemoqmedebebiT gamowveul zianze samoqalaqo pasuxismgeblobisa da kompensaciis Sesaxeb
1999 Si
1998 (orhusi) konvencia garemosdacviT sakiTxebTan dakavSirebul informaciaze xelmisawvdomlobis, gadawyvetilebebis miRebis procesSi sazogadoebis monawileobisa da am sferoSi marTlmsajulebis sakiTxebze xelmisawvdomlobis Sesaxeb.
2000 Ra
2.2. sxva saerTaSoriso normebi/ mowinave meTodebi
evrokavSiris ZiriTadi normebi da sacnobaro dokumentacia gaTvaliswinebulia saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT, rogorc aRniSnuli qvemoT mocemul cxrilSia naCvenebi:
14
cxrili 4. evrostandartebi da saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba – Sedareba evrokavSiris kanonmdebloba saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaSi gaTvaliswinebuli
ekvivalenturi normebi
evrokavSiris garemosdacviTi zemoqmedebis Sefasebis direqtiva
(85/337/EEC) SesworebebiTa da cvlilebebiT (97/11/EC)
garemos dacvis ministris #59 brZanebis safuZvelze damtkicda dadgenileba garemosdacviTi zemoqmedebis Sefasebis Sesaxeb kanoni ekologiuri eqspertizis Sesaxeb, 2007 kanoni garemos dacvis samsaxuris Sesaxeb, kanoni garemosdacviTi nebarTvis Sesaxeb, sxva kanonebi, kanonqvemdebare aqtebi da dadgenilebebi
sabWos direqtiva 92/43/EEC (1992)
bunebrivi habitatebis, veluri florisa da faunis dacvis Sesaxeb
(Natura 2000) – direqtiva habitatebis Sesaxeb
kanoni garemos dacvis Sesaxeb (1996, Sesw. 2000, 2003, 2007) kanoni veluri bunebis Sesaxeb (1997, Sesw. 2001, 2003, 2004) kanoni daculi teritoriebis sistemis Sesaxeb (1996, Sesw. 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007) kanoni saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxisa da wiTeli wignis Sesaxeb (Sesw. 2006) kanoni daculi teritoriebis statusis Sesaxeb, 2007 biomravalferovnebis dacvis strategia da samoqmedo gegma, 2005 wiTeli nusxa, 2005 sxva kanonebi, kanonqvemdebare aqtebi, normatiuli aqtebi da dadgenilebebi saqarTvelos aris CITES, Ramsar, CBD konvenciebis monawile mxare
18 ivlisis sabWos direqtiva 78/659/EEC
mtknari wylis xarisxis Sesaxeb, romelic aucilebelia Tevzebis sicocxlis dacvisa da gaumjobesebisaTvis 1979 wlis 2 aprilis sabWos direqtiva
79/409/EEC gareuli frinvelebis konservaciis Sesaxeb
direqtiva 2000/76/EC narCenebis dawvis Sesaxeb (94/67/EC)
narCenebis dawvis Sesaxeb raime specialuri dadgenileba ar arsebobs; narCenebis marTvis/ganTavsebis sakiTxebi regulirdeba Semdegi aqtebiT: kanoni garemos dacvis Sesaxeb (1996, Sesw. 2000, 2003, 2007) kanoni licenziebisa da nebarTvebis Sesaxeb, 2006 kanoni saqarTvelos teritoriaze narCenebis tranzitisa da importis Sesaxeb saxelmwifo kontroli garemos dacvaze kanoni saxifaTo narCenebis Sesaxeb sanitaruli normebi myari municipaluri narCenebis poligonebis mowyobisa da eqspluataciis wesebi da normebi kanonqvemdebare aqtebi saqarTvelo aris bazelis konvenciis monawile mxare.
direqtiva 2008/98/EC narCenebis Sesaxeb (CarCo direqtiva narCenebis Sesaxeb) direqtiva 1999/31/EC (ganaxlebulia direqtiviT 2003/33/EC) narCenebis poligonis Sesaxeb 91/689/EEC
(ganaxlebulia direqtiviT 94/31/EEC)
saxifaTo narCenebis kontrolirebuli marTva direqtiva 75/439/EEC (ganaxlebulia direqtiviT 91/692/EEC) namuSevari zeTis ganTavseba
96/62/EC CarCo direqtiva atmosferuli haeris xarisxis Sefasebisa da marTvis Sesaxeb (da Svilobili direqtivebi
99/30/EC (NOx, SO2, Pb da PM10), 00/69/EC
(benzoli, CO), 02/3/EC: ozoni, 2008/50/EC atmosferuli haeris xarisxisa da evropaSi ufro sufTa haeris Sesaxeb
kanoni garemos dacvis Sesaxeb (1996, Sesw. 2000, 2003, 2007) kanoni licenziebisa da nebarTvebis Sesaxeb, 2006 kanoni atmosferuli haeris dacvis Sesaxeb (1999, Sesw. 2000, 2007)
direqtiva 2000/59/EC portSi gemze dagrovili narCenebisa da tvirTis narCenebis mimRebi nagebobebis Sesaxeb
ar gamoiyeneba
15
evroparlamentisa da sabWos direqtiva
2000/60/EC, romelic awesebs “sazogadoebrivi moqmedebis CarCos wylis politikis sferoSi”, an ufro mokled, “evrokavSiris wylis CarCo direqtiva”.
kanoni wylis Sesaxeb (1997, Sesw. 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006) kanoni garemos dacvis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanoni sazogadoebrivi janmrTelobis Sesaxeb garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros normatiuli aqtebi
2.3. nebarTvebis gacemis procedurebi
2.3.1. mSeneblobis nebarTva
mSeneblobis nebarTvis gacemis vadebi da pirobebi gansazRvrulia saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2009 wlis 24 martis #57 dadgenilebiT. am dadgenilebis Tanaxmad, nebarTvis gacema Sedgeba sami safexurisgan:
pirveli etapi – gadawyvetileba mSeneblobisaTvis miwis nakveTis gamoyenebis nebarTvis Sesaxeb (vada: ara umetes 30 dRisa);
meore etapi – gadawyvetileba arqiteqturuli proeqtis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebis Sesaxeb (vada: ara umetes 20 dRisa);
mesame etapi – mSeneblobis nebarTvis gacema (vada: ara umetes 10 dRisa).
imis gamo, rom hesis samSeneblo proeqti iTvaliswinebs gvirabis mowyobas, mSeneblobis nebarTva unda gasces ekonomikisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis saministrom. mSeneblobis nebarTvis gacemisa da sanebarTvo pirobebis Sesaxeb #57 dadgenilebis 44-e muxlis moTxovnebis Tanaxmad, ekonomikisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis saministros nebarTvis gacemis pirvel etapze unda waredginos Semdegi dokumentacia:
gancxadeba; nakveTis topografiuli gegma arsebuli pirobebis Tanaxmad (masStabi
1:500 an 1:1000); ganmcxadeblis saidentifikacio dokumenti (amonaweri sajaro
restridan); nakveTis situaciuri gegma Sesabamisi detalebiT (aerofoto
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi); kanoniT gansazRvrul SemTxvevebSi – kulturuli memkvidreobis
dacvis arealis kvlevis Sedegebi; kanoniT gansazRvrul SemTxvevebSi – arqeologiuri kvlevis Sedegebi; TvalsaCino adgilze ganTavsebuli sainformacio dafis fotosuraTi; nakveTis sakadastro sazRvrebis gegma; Tu mSenebloba igegmeba
dasaxlebul, sazogadoebrivi saqmianobis an turistul-rekreaciul ubanze, sakadastro sazRvrebis gegmasTan erTad saWiroa mezobeli da momijnave nakveTebis/ubnebis sazRvrebis (sakadastro sazRvrebis rukis) warmodgena. sazRvrebis is wertilebi, romlebic aRniSnavs kuTxeebs, moniSnuli unda iyos wertiliT koordinatebisa da absoluturi simaRleebis CvenebiT;
nakveTis mdgomareobis maCvenebeli fotoebi;
16
gancxadeba miwis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb mSeneblobis mizniT. nebarTvis gacemis proceduris meore etapze saministros unda waredginos hesis kaskadis proeqti da bsgzS dokumentacia, romelsac ekonomikisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis saministro gadaugzavnis garemos dacvis saministros. mSeneblobis nebarTvis gacemis meore etapze saWiroa Semdegi dokumentebis warmodgena:
samSeneblo moednis sainJinro-geologiuri kvleva; Senoba-nagebobebis (dambebi, milsadenebi, sadawneo auzebi,
eleqtrosadgurebi da a.S.) proeqti (Sesabamisi kodebis, normebis, standartebisa da dadgenilebebis miTiTebiT);
hesis mSeneblobis organizaciis proeqti; samewarmeo reestriidan proeqtis saorganizacio amonaweri; bsgzS angariSi; haerSi emisiebis normatiuli proeqti; zedapiruli wylis xarjvis proeqti; informacia eqspertebis Sesaxeb; ganacxadi proeqtis konfidencialuri nawilis Sesaxeb (aseTis
arsebobis SemTxvevaSi). nebarTvis gacemis proceduris mesame etapze ekonomikisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis saministros unda waredginos mxolod pirvel da meore etapebze miRebuli daskvnebi, ris safuZvelzec moxdeba mSeneblobis nebarTvis gacema.
2.3.2. garemoze zemoqmedebis nebarTvis gacemis procedura
garemosdacviT nebarTvas gascems garemos dacvis saministro. nebarTva warmoadgens proeqtze gacemuli generaluri nebarTvis nawils. gegmiur ganviTarebaze nebarTvis gamoyenebis/ gacemis procedura, maT Soris garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis (gzS) koordinacia, informaciis gacxadebisa da ganxilvis vadebis dadgena saqarTvelos kanoniT moicavs Semdeg safexurebs: safexuri 1: ss “saqarTvelos mwvane energiis ganviTarebis kompania” (GGEDC) proeqtis Sesaxeb informacias aqveynebs centralur da regionalur gazeTebSi. aseT gancxadebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos proeqtis saTauri, adgilmdebareoba, ganxorcielebis adgili da vadebi, aseve sazogadoebis informirebulobis mizniT dagegmili Sexvedris (Sexvedrebis) Catarebis adgili. gancxadebaSi aseve, miTiTebuli unda iyos is adgilebi, sadac moxdeba bsgzS angariSis ganxilva da mis irgvliv arsebuli SeniSvnebis warmodgena. safexuri 2: gazeTebSi informaciis gamoqveynebidan erTi kviris vadaSi winadadebis warmomdgeni piri (GGEDC) warmoadgens bsgzS angariSs (nabeWd da eleqtronul versiebs) warudgens garemos dacvis saministros. bsgzS angariSis Sesaxeb sazogadoebis wevrebis SeniSvnebis misaRebad dadgenilia 45-dRiani vada. gamoqveynebidan 50-e dRidan me-60 dRemde periodSi GGEDC
17
gamarTavs Sexvedrebis serias, raTa miiRos SeniSvnebi proeqtis monawile mxarisgan (aseTi mxare SeiZleba, iyos samTavrobo organoebi, adgilobrivi saxelisuflebo organoebi, arasamTavrobo organizaciebi, sazogadoebis wevrebi). Sexverda Catardeba im municipalitetebis centrebSi, sadac igegmeba proeqtis ganxorcieleba. Sexvedrebidan xuTi dRis vadaSi GGEDC garemos dacvis saministros warudgens Sexvedrebis oqmebs (SeniSvnebisa da diskusiebis Semajamebel angariSs). safexuri 3: proeqtis monawile mxareebis mier Sexvedraze gamoTqmuli an werilobiT miRebuli yvela SeniSvna ganixileba da gadaiWreba bsgzS daskvniT versiiT. werilobiT Semosuli yvela SeniSvnis asli, oqmebi SeniSvnebisa da pasuxebis nawilSi bsgzS daskvniT versiaSi Seva danarTis saxiT. daskvniTi bsgzS waredgineba garemos dacvis saministros da sazogadoebisTvis xelmisawvdomi gaxdeba proeqtis adgilmdebareobis rukasTan, gegmiuri ganviTarebis axsna-ganmartebiT baraTTan da emisiebisa da dasaSvebi zRvrebis Sesaxeb angariSebTan erTad. xsenebuli masalebis garemos dacvis saministrosTvis wardgenidan 20 dRis vadaSi moxdeba nebarTvis gacema an nebarTvis gacemaze uaris Tqma.
18
3. winaswari teqnikur-ekonomikuri dasabuTebis etapze ganxiluli
saproeqto alternativebi
winaswari teqnikur-ekonomikuri dasabuTebis da teqnikur-ekonomikuri dasabuTebis etapebze ganxiluli iqna md. wablarze hesis kaskadis (wablari 1, wablari 2 da wablari 3 hesebi) mSeneblobis sakiTxi. yvela ganxiluli proeqti bunebrivi modinebis (saderivacio) hess warmoadgens.
cxrili 5. alternativebi wablari 1 wablari 2 wablari 3 (xan-wablari)
sruli dawneva: 341 m sruli dawneva: 292 m sruli dawneva: 131 m
normatiuli xarji: 2.7 m3/wm normatiuli xarji: 5 m3/wm normatiuli xarji:
blokebis raodenoba/tipi: 2x Francis blokebis raodenoba/tipi: 2x
Francis blokebis raodenoba/tipi: 2x
Francis
mSeneblobis vada: 2 weli mSeneblobis vada: 2 weli mSeneblobis vada: 2 weli
potenciuri dadgmuli simZlavre: 7.7 mgvt
potenciuri dadgmuli simZlavre: 12 mgvt
potenciuri dadgmuli simZlavre: 9.4 mgvt
eleqtroenergiis wliuri gamomuSaveba: 43.17 gvt/sT
eleqtroenergiis wliuri gamomuSaveba: 65.71 gvt/sT
eleqtroenergiis wliuri gamomuSaveba: 40 gvt/sT
damatebiTi teqnikuri informacia mocemulia ZiriTad angariSSi “md.md. wablarsa da xan-wablarze hesebis teqnikur-ekonomikuri dasabuTeba, bsgzS da proeqti”. wablari 1. SemoTavazebuli proeqti gulisxmobda 7.7 mgvt simZlavris bunebrivi modinebis (saderivacio) hesis mSeneblobas md. wablariswyalze wyalmimRebiT kurort sairmesTan axlos. am ubanze SesaZlebelia, gamomuSavdes sezonurad cvalebadi saSualo wliuri eleqtroenergia daaxloebiT 43 gvt/sT odenobiT, hesis simZlavris gamoyenebis daaxloebiT 64%-iani koeficientiT. proeqti iTvaliswinebda sof. sairmedan kaSxlis ubnebze daaxloebiT 1.2 km sigrZis axali misadgomi gzis mSeneblobas. wablari-1-is ganviTarebis gegmaSi unda Sesuliyo 5 metris simaRlis betonis ori wyalmimRebi kaSxlis, 5.200 metris sigrZisa da 1.2 metr diametris sadawneo milgamyvanis ageba arsebuli gzis paralelurad, gamaTanabrebeli rezervuarisa da zedapiruli eleqtrosadguris mSenebloba (ori radialur-RerZuli (Francis) turbiniTa da sinqronuli generatoriT). saproeqto koncefciis Tanaxmad, eleqtrosadgurs unda emuSava rogorc avtonomiur, ise sinqronul reJimSi erovnul eleqtroenergetikul sistemasTan erTad, rac SesaZlebels gaxdida momxmareblisaTvis eleqtroenergiis miwodebas rogorc pirdapir, ise sistemidan. hesis sistemasTan mierTeba gaTvaliswinebuli iyo 100 m sigrZis 35 kvt gadamcemi xaziT. wablari 2. SemoTavazebuli proeqti gulisxmobda 12 mgvt simZlavris bunebrivi modinebis (derivaciuli) hesis mSeneblobas md. wablariswyalze, sof. wablariswylis zemoT, wablari-1-is qvemo dinebaze, kaskadur reJimSi. mocemul ubanze SesaZlebelia, gamomuSavdes sezonurad cvalebadi saSualo wliuri eleqtroenergia daaxloebiT 65.71 gvt/sT odenobiT, hesis simZlavris gamoyenebis daaxloebiT 62.58%-iani koeficientiT. ganaxlebuli
19
gza gadis mTeli mSeneblobis sigrZeze. wablariswyali-2-is ganviTarebis gegmaSi unda Sesuliyo 5 metris simaRlis betonis kaSxlis, 5.200 metris sigrZisa da 1.4 metr diametris sadawneo milgamyvanis ageba, gamaTanabrebeli rezervuarisa da miwiszeda eleqtrosadguris mSenebloba, romelic aRWurvili iqneboda ori radialur-RerZuli turbiniTa da sinqronuli generatorebiT. saproeqto koncefciis Tanaxmad, Zalur kvanZs unda emuSava rogorc avtonomiur, ise sinqronul reJimSi erovnul eleqtroenergetikul sistemasTan erTad, rac SesaZlebels gaxdida momxmareblisaTvis eleqtroenergiis miwodebas rogorc pirdapir, ise sistemidan. hesis sistemasTn mierTeba gaTvaliswinebuli iyo 100 m sigrZis 35 kvt gadamcemi xaziT. wablari 3. SemoTavazebuli proeqti gulisxmobda 9.4 mgvt simZlavris bunebrivi modinebis (saderivacio) hesis mSeneblobas md. wablariswyalze, wablari-2-is qveda biefSi, kaskadur reJimSi. mocemul ubanze SesaZlebelia, gamomuSavdes sezonurad cvalebadi saSualo wliuri eleqtroenergia daaxloebiT 40 gvt/sT odenobiT. ganaxlebuli gza gadis mTeli mSeneblobis sigrZeze. wablariswyali-3-is ganviTarebis gegmaSi unda Sesuliyo md. wablarze tirolis dabali kaSxlis ageba, romelic wylis xarjs gadaagdebda 100 m sigrZis saleqar arxebSi (saSualo siRrmiT 4.5 m da 3.4 m), 5,600 m sigrZis sadawneo gvirabis (diametriT 2.5 m) da 420 m sigrZis foladis sadawneo milsadenis, aseve, eleqtrosadguris mSenebloba, romelic aRWurvili iqneboda ori radialur-RerZuli turbiniTa da 20 m sigrZis naTxari amridi arxiT. saproeqto koncefciis Tanaxmad, Zalur kvanZs unda emuSava rogorc avtonomiur, ise sinqronul reJimSi erovnul eleqtroenergetikul sistemasTan erTad, rac SesaZlebels gaxdida momxmareblisaTvis eleqtroenergiis miwodebas rogorc pirdapir, ise sistemidan. garda wablariswylis xarjisa, hess unda emuSava md. xaniswylis wyalzec. ganxiluli iqna mocemuli sqemis ramdenime varianti. winaswari teqnikur-ekonomikuri daxasiaTeba da proeqtis alternatiuli sqemebi mocemulia momdevno gverdebze mocemul rukaze (sur. 1, sur. 2, sur. 3 da sur. 4).
20
suraTi 1. winaswari teqnikur-ekonomikuri dasabuTebisa da 1-li alternativis proeqtebis zeda monakveTi
21
suraTi 2. winaswari teqnikur-ekonomikuri dasabuTebisa da 1-li alternativis proeqtebis qveda monakveTi
22
suraTi 3. me-3 da me-4 alternativebis proeqtebis zeda monakveTi
23
suraTi 4. me-3 da me-4 alternativebis proeqtebis qveda monakveTi
24
3.1. alternativebis analizis meTodebi
winaswari bgszS angariSebiT Sefasda proeqtis yvela alternativa TiToeuli saproeqto elementiT (wyalmimRebi, mimwodi mili, eleqtrosadguri da gamSvebi) gamowveuli zemoqmedebis martivi da saimedo Sefasebis mizniT specialurad SemuSavebuli meTodebis gamoyenebiT, “golderisa” da “gamas” profesiuli SefasebiTa da maT gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT. gamoyenebuli meTodologia iTvaliswinebs xarisxobrivi Sefasebebis gardaqmnas raodenobriv maCveneblebad, romlebic Semdeg jamdeba saboloo qulis misaRebad. miRebuli qula axasiaTebs TiToeuli alternativis saerTo zemoqmedebas da iZleva alternativebis Sedarebis saSualebas. xsenebuli meTodologia qvemoT aris aRwerili: analizis garemosdacviTi da socialuri komponentebi proeqtebis sirTulidan gamomdinare, potenciur zemoqmedebaTa farTo masStabis gaTvaliswinebis mizniT SeirCa da gaanalizda 7 sxvadasxva komponenti “samuSaos moculobiT” mocemuli komponentebis mixedviT. komponentebi iyo Semdegi:
hidrogeologia; hidrologia; geologia da geomorfologia; bunebrivi garemo; xmauri da vibracia; landSafti; socialuri sakiTxebi.
proeqtis yoveli elementisTvis (wyalmimRebi, Sluzi, eleqtrosadguri da gamSvebi) SeirCa da potenciuri zemoqmedebis xarisxis mixedviT klasificirebuli iqna bsgzS angariSiT aRwerili ekologiuri da socialuri komponentebi. moxda klasifikaciis kriteriumebis daxarisxeba yoveli blokis mSeneblobisTvis saintereso ubnebis Taviseburebebis asaxvis mizniT. TiToeuli komponenti aRiwera gansazRvruli raodenobis iseTi qve-komponentebiT, romlebic yvelaze ukeT aRwers konkretul komponents da naTlad gviCvenebs gansxvavebebs alternativebs Soris. kriteriumebisa da komponentebis gaangariSeba ganisazRvra rigi kriteriumebi TiToeuli qve-komponentis sensitiurobis amomwuravad aRweris mizniT. kriteriumebi warmoadgens im ZiriTad sakiTxebs, romlebTanac dakavSirebulia pasuxebi da qulebi. yoveli kriteriumis qula miRebuli iqna komponentis kategoriis (potenciuri zemoqmedebis gaTvaliswinebiT) gadamravlebiT kriteriumis qulaze. amis Semdeg yoveli komponentisTvis gangariSebuli iqna komponentis qulis mniSvneloba (aRvniSneT Xc-Ti) TiToeul kriteriumze miRebuli qulis gasaSualoebiT. gaangariSebis meTodologia gamoyenebuli iqna proeqtis yovel elementze.
25
aRniSnuli gaangariSebis meTodologiis magaliTi erT-erTi komponentisa da erT-erTi saproeqto elementisTvis mocemulia cxrilSi 6.
cxrili 6. komponentis angariSis meTodologiis magaliTi
komponentebi
kateg
oriz
acia
qve-
komponent
ebi
kriteriumebi komponentis
qulis mniSvneloba
am grafaSi mocemulia rigi SekiTxvebi fiqsirebuli pasuxebiT. yovel pasuxs
Seesabameba gansazRvruli qula.
kriteriumis qula
3 hidrogeologia 10
gruntis wyali
mosalodnelia Tu ara gruntis wyalTan kontaqti? dabali albaTobiT = 0.3 saSualo albaTobiT = 0.5 maRali albaToba = 1
0,3
ramdeni Wa aris zemoqmedebis ubanze? mcire raodenobis = 0.3 saSualo raodenobis = 0.5 didi raodenobis = 1
0,3
alternatiuli kategorizacia da saboloo Sefaseba yoveli saproeqto elementis komponentis qulis mniSvneloba (Xc) mocemulia cxrilSi, romlis vertikalur svetebSi miTiTebulia proeqtis erTi alternativis yvela elementi, xolo horizontalur grafebSi miTiTebulia komponentebi, romlebzec mosalodnelia zemoqmedeba. saboloo komponentis qulis mniSvneloba TiToeuli alternativis SemTxvevaSi (mag., A1) miRebuli iqna proeqtis yvela elementis (mag., Xc1…n) komponentis qulebis jami. sabolood qulis alternatiuli mniSvneloba (mag., ASV1) Sefasda, rogorc saboloo komponentis qulis mniSvnelobaTa jami. magaliTi mocemulia cxrilSi 7.
cxrili 7. alternatiuli gaangariSebis meTodologia komponenti wyalaReba
mimwodi mili
eleqtrosadguri
gamSvebi
saboloo komponentis
qulis mniSvneloba
hidrogeologia Xct Xc2 Xcn A1=jami (ΣXc1…n)
hidrologia Xcht Xch2 Xchn A2=jami (ΣXc1…n)
geologia da geomorfologia … … … bunebrivi garemo
xmauri da vibracia landSafti socialuri problema qulis alternatiuli mniSvneloba ASV1=soμ(A1…A7)
igive procedura iqna gamoyenebuli yvela sxva alternativis SemTxvevaSic. analizi Catarda alternatiuli qulebis mniSvnelobebis (mag., ASV1, ASV2,
ASV3) SedarebiT. (rac naklebia TiToeuli alternativaze qulis mniSvneloba, miT ukeTesia mocemuli alternativis garemosdacviTi da socialuri maxasiaTeblebi).
26
3.2. alternativebis analizis Sedegebi
zemoT aRwerili meTodologia gamoyenebuli iqna sxvadasxva alternativebis yvela elementis Sesafaseblad. proeqtis alternativebi Sefasda 2012 wlis 17 ianvars “golderisa” da “gamas” specialistebis monawileobiT gamarTul seminarze. alternativebis analizis Sedegebis safuZvelze miRebuli iqna Semdegi qulebi: alternativebi wablari winaswari teqnikur-ekonomikuri dasabuTeba 309,10
alternativa 1 217,74 alternativa 2 296,60 alternativa 3 290,85
rogorc cxrilidan Cans, 1-li alternativa iZleva wablaris proeqtis yvelaze xelsayrel ekologiur da socialur maCveneblebs. sxva alternativebi – teqnikuri gadawyveta da ganaxlebadi energiis alternatiuli wyaroebi
saTave nageboba wyalsaSviani kaSxali da
gverdiTi tipis wyalmimRebi dasaSleli (fariani) kaSxali rezinis gasaberi kaSxali
Warbi wylis xarjis avtomaturad gatareba;
meqanikuri mowyobilobis simcire;
eqspluataciis simartive – ar saWiroebs mudmiv monitorings, magram saWiroebs yoveldRiur Semowmebas.
minimaluri zemoqmedeba hidrologiur reJimze;
wyaldidobebis periodSi dasaSleli kaSxlis gaxsnili farebi saSualebas iZleva maqsimalurad SevinarCunoT bunebrivi kalapoturi procesebi.
saSualebas iZleva uzrunvelvyoT mdinareuli natanis Seuferxebeli transportireba qvemo biefSi.
saleqaris muSaobis efeqturobis amaRleba zRurblis gamrecxi galereebis mowyobiT.
saWiroa faris gaxsnis regulireba operatoris mier wyaldidobis dros;
didi raodenobis meqanikuri nawilebi da farebi;
eqspluataciis sirTule;
liTonis konstruqciebi saWiroebs periodul Seremontebas.
minimaluri zemoqmedeba hidrologiur reJimze; mSeneblobis mcire vadebi;
teqmomsaxureobisa da remontis simartive da siswrafe;
miwisZvrisadmi medegi;
mavne pirobebisadmi Seguebadoba;
marTvadi eqspluatacia nebismieri reJimis pirobebSi – sruli Sevsebidan cariel milamde;
garantirebulad usafexuro muSaoba;
ekologiurad sufTa;
martivad samarTavi – ar saWiroebs ZviradRirebul Senobebsa da manqana-danadgarebs, rac iZleva zamTris pirobebSi uproblemod muSaobis saSualebas.
milsadenebi miwisqveSa miwiszeda
metad aris daculici meqanikuri dazianebisagan, vandalizmisa da garemo faqtorebis zemoqmedebisagan (mag., korozia,
monitoringis simartive eqspluataciis etapsi;
ar saWiroebis miwis samuSaoebs
27
gayinva);
operirebis procesSi minimaluri zemoqmedeba faunaze, adamianebis da saqqonlis Tavisufali gadaadgilebis SesaZleblobaze;
temperaturis naklebi zemoqmedeba da kompensatorebis gamoyenebis saWiroebis naklebi albaToba;
miwis samuSaoebis saWiroeba (Sesabamisi zemoqmedebiT garemoze);
mosalodnelia zemoqmedeba gruntis wylebze;
vizualuri zemoqmedeba;
antikoroziul safaris gamoyenebis saWiroeba;
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saWiro gaxda kompensatorebis gamoyeneba, maTi operirebis sirTule;
SezRudulia vizualuri Semowmeba;
SekeTebis/teqmomsaxureobis sirTule.
mSeneblobisas da SekeTebisas;
ar arsebobs miwisqveSa wylebis dabinZurebis riski;
naklebad daculia garemo pirobebis zemoqmedebisagan;
saWiroebs antikoroziul safars;
SeiZleba, SezRudos adamianebisa da saqonlis/cxovelebis Tavisufali gadaadgileba;
SeiZleba, gamoiwvios habitatebis danawevreba;
vizualuri zemoqmedeba.
afeTqeba meqanikuri – gvirabis saburRi
manqanis gamoyenebiT (TBM) SeniSvna
saSiSia, radgan samuSao dakavSirebulia asafeTqebeli masalis gamoyenebasTan;
gvirabis kedlebi ar aris gluvi;
gvirabis gayvanas didi dro sWirdeba;
CamoSlis riski;
saWiroa masalis gatana, wyalarinebisa da blokirebis problemis gadawyveta;
gvirabis Wrilis forma samuSaoebis Sesrulebisas problemas ar qmnis;
martivia brtyeli Ziris miReba, romelzedac SesaZlebelia liandagis mowyoba;
dabalia aRWurvilobis mwyobridan gamosvlis riski.
gvirabis gayvanis da mopirkeTebis samuSaebis paralelur reJimSi Sesrulebis SesaZlebloba;
uqmi gamonamuSevrebis minimaluri moculoba;
garemomcveli qanebis mTlianobis uzrunvelyofa;
gvirabis gayvanis siswrafe da xarisxi;
samuSaoTa kompleqsuri xasiaTi (gayvana, dabetoneba);
ori gvirabgamyvani meqanizmis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi aucilebeli aRar iqneba me-2 samSeneblo Stolnis, portalisa da 2.5 km sigrZis misasvleli gzis mowyoba;
erTi gvirabgamyvani meqanizmis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi aRarc samSeneblo Stolnis mowyoba iqneba aucilebeli;
saWiro iqneba mxolod ori portali (Sesasvleli da gamosasvleli). portalebi imuSavebs mokle drois ganmavlobaSi;
usafrTxo - asafeTqebeli masalis gamoyeneba ar xdeba.
gadawyda gvirabis gayvana “burRva-afeTqebis” farTod gavrcelebuli meTodiT burRviTi gvirabis nacvlad (mag., TBM-is saSualebiT). es gadawyveta ufro Sesaferisad CaiTvala misi ekonomiurobisa da didi gamocdilebis mqone adgilobrivi samuSao Zalis gamoyenebis SesaZleblobis gamo. am variantis naklia is, rom samuSaoebi did dros saWiroebs.
miwisqveSa wylis kontrolis meTodi wylis mocileba cementacia gayinva hidroizolacia PVC-s
saSualebiT
yvelaze martivi da iafi meTodiT – wylis
garda miwisqveSa wylis Sekavebisa,
zogadad gamoiyeneba Saxtis
hidroizolaciis gamoyenebisas adgili
28
amotumbviT – saWiroebs tumbos gamoyenebas;
saWiroa tumbos gamoyeneba
gadasawyvetia wylis CaSvebis da gawmendis sakiTxebi (dawmenda, filtracia) zedapiruli wylis obieqtSi CaSvebamde;
Tu miwisqveSa wylis horizonti wyalmomaragebis wyaros warmoadgens wylis gadinebam SeiZleba wyalmomaragebisTvis saWiro odenoba Seamciros;
drenireba gavlenas axdens hidravlikuri wnevis ganawilebaze.
amcirebs zedapiris jdenis
risksაც;
saWiroebs did dros da aris masalatevadi; ar aris srulad saimedo maSinac ki, rodesac yvela pirobis da usafrTxoebis zomebis dacviT aris mowyobili;
saWiroebs cements da wyals.
gavlisas, Tumca, misi gamoyeneba SeiZleba, gvirabis gayvanis drosac;
saWiroebs gamyinav agents.
ara aqvs zemoqmedebas gruntis wylis xarisxze;
saWiroebs saizolacio masalis gamoyenebas, dakavSirebulia damatebiT xarjebTan (masalis Rirebuleba da mowyobis xarji).
energiis alternatiuli wyaroebi – ganaxlevadi resursebi hidroresursebi
upiratesoba nakli
vat-saaTis yvelaze dabali Rirebuleba;
emisiebis ararseboba;
Cveulebriv prognozirebadi wliuri gamomuSaveba;
mniSvnelovan teqnikur momsaxureobasa da SekeTebas saWiroebs mxolod periodulad.
damokidebulia resursebis arsebobaze da amdenad, yvelgan misi gamoyeneba SeuZlebelia;
gavlenas axdens wylis resursebze (garda gamdinare hesebisa);
samSeneblo sawyisi Rirebuleba SeiZleba, iyos maRali kaSxlisa da infrastruqturis mSeneblobis gamo;
civ regionebSi SeiZleba, wamoiWras milebis gayinvis problema;
moZravi nawilebi cvdeba;
didi wyalsacavis mowyobis SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba, imoqmedos tenianobaze/gamoiwvios klimatis cvlileba.
mzis energia
upiratesoba nakli
SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas nebismier adgilze
ar gaaCnia emisia
periodulad moiTxovs Zalian mcire SekeTebas da teqnikur momsaxurebas
gaaCnia xangrZlivi sasicocxlo dro
ar saWiroebs mudmiv monitorings, SeiZleba meTvalyureobis gareSe datoveba didi drois ganmavlobaSi
SesaZlebelia saproeqto simZlavris miRweva ganTavsebis nebismier adgilas
dayenebis simartive
panelebis siZvire
gamomuSavebis cvalebadobis gamo saWiroebs akumulatorebis didi raodenobis gamoyenebas an sxva alternatiul wyaros arsebobas
saWiroebs karg eqspozicias mzis sxivebisadmi (SeiZleba ganTavsdes mxolod Ria, mzian, uCrdilo teritoriaze)
fotovolturma sistemebma SesaZlebelia imoqmedos biologiur garemoze mowyoba/funqcionirebisTvis didi farTobis saWiroebis gamo.
29
uxmauro funqcionireba
ar azianebs niadags, Tumca ar iZleva am miwis nakveTis sxva mizniT gamoyenebis saSualebas.
mniSvnelovani potencialis miuxedavad mzis energetika saqarTveloSi ganviTarebuli ar aris. Teoriuli gaTvlebiT wlis ganmavlobaSi saqarTveloSi mzis energiis gamoyenebiT SesaZlebelia iseTi raodenobis eleqtroenegiis miReba, risTvisac saWiro iqneba 32.5 miliardi tona standartuli sawvavis dawva. qveynis teritoriis umetes nawilSi mziani dReebis raodenoba weliwadSi 200-dan 250 dRemde farglebSia, xolo weliwadSi 1m2 farTobze mzis energiis raodenoba 1300-1800 kvt-s Seadgens. ekologiuri TvalsazrisiT es alternativa sakmaod mimzidvelia. Tumca, bolo wlebSi, zogierTi ekologis mier gamoTqmulia azri mzis batareebis warmoebis procesis garemoze uaryofiTi zemoqmedebis Sesaxeb, rac am resursis gamoyenebis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebis Sefasebisas yuradsaRebia. sakiTxi dReisaTvis kvlevis stadiaSia.
qaris energia
upiratesoba nakli
kargi adgilmdebareobis SerCevis SemTxvevaSi dabali vat-saaTis Rirebuleba
emisiebis ararseboba
teritoriis swori SerCevis SemTxvevaSi saproeqto simZlavris miRebis SesaZlebloba.
damokidebulia resursze (saWiroa ganTavsebis teritoriis swori SerCeva)
montaJis siZvire, mZime aRWurvilobis gamoyenebis saWiroeba
vizualuri efeqti
zemoqmedeba frinvelebsa da Ramurebze
gamomuSavebis sporadiulobis gamo saWiroebs akumulatorebis didi raodenobis an alternatiuli wyaros gamoyenebas
xmauri
teqnikuri momsaxurebis/remontis sirTule (simaRleze muSaobis saWiroebis gamo).
moZravi nawilebis cveTa
mSral regionebSi gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi saWiroebs wyals turbinebis mtvrisgan da mwerebisgan gasawmendad.
araswori dayenebis/ganTavsebis SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba gamoiwvios niadagis erozia.
qaris energiis potenciali Sefasebulia rogorc 2,300 mvt. amJamad saqarTveloSi arsebobs mxolod ramdenime 6 kvt simZlavris qaris generatori. arsebuli oficialuri monacemebiT, qaris saSuali siCqare saqarTveloSi 0.5-0.9 m/wm Seadgens. qaris maRali siCqare damaxasiaTebelia didi kavkasionis Ria adgilebSi da samxreT saqarTvelos mTianeTSi. zogierT regionSi, mag. mtkvris da rionis xeobebSi qaris siCqare 15 m/wm SeiZleba aRematebodes.
hidroTermuli energia
upiratesoba nakli
iafi, mowyobis/mSeneblobis dasrulebis Semdeg
mcire an nulovani emisia eqspluataciis procesSi
erTi megavatis misaRebad saWiro teritoriis farTobi naklebia yvela sxva tipis ganaxlebadi resursis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi aucilebelTan SedarebiT
ar aris damokidebuli amindis cvlilebaze.
damokidebulia resursis arsebobaze
saWiroebs maRal investicias Ziebis, burRvis, montaJis dros.
wyali da orTqli xSirad koroziulia da mdidaria gaxsnili elementebiT, SeiZleba gaWedos an daazianos milebi;
geoTermul energetikasTan dakavSirebuli ZiriTadi problemebi/sakiTxebi dakavSirebulia
30
mSeneblobis procesTan da moicavs iseT sakiTxebs, rogorc Camdinare wylebi (burRvis narCenebi - saburRi xsnari da myari narCenebi, gamoyenebuli geoTermuli fluidebi), emisiebi, myari narCenebi, WaburRilebis da milsadenis dazianeba. Tumc arsebuli gamocdilebiT WaburRilis da milsadenis dazianeba burRvis da eqspluataciis dros sakmaod iSviaTad xdeba, avariam SesaZlebelia saburRi danamatebis, fluidebis da miwisqveSa formaciebidan gogirdwyalbadis gamofrqveva gamoiwvios. milsadenis dazianebis SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebelia mZime metalebis, mJavebis, da sxva damabinZureblebis Semcveli geoTermuli fluidebis da orTqlis amofrqveva moxdes. amis Tavidan asacileblad unda warmoebdes regularuli teqmomsaxureba (koroziis kontroli, wnevis monitoringi, amofrqvevis sawinaaRmdego aRWurvilobis kontroli, sarqvelebi). SemuSavdes avariul situaciebze reagirebis gegma, rac aZvirebs hidroTermuli resursebis energogeneraciisTvis gamoyenebas sawyis etapze.
biomasa (xis merqnis CaTvliT)
upiratesoba nakli
iyenebs ganaxlebad resurss
ar abinZurebs garemos (kvamli an ar warmoiqmneba an xdeba misi daWera).
megavati energiis misaRebad saWiroebs ~sawvavis” (mag. xis an sxva mcenareebis) sawarmoeblad did farTobs.
xdeba organuli masis dawva, romelic SesaZlebelia gamoyenebul iqnas niadagis nayofierebis gasaumjobeseblad
saWiroebs wyals, radgan boileri, sadac xdeba biomasis dawva, saWiroebs wyals orTqlis sawarmoeblad da gacivebisTvis. (reciklirebis SemTxvevaSi wylis moxmareba SeiZleba, Semcirdes)
wylis amoRebam SeiZleba gavlena iqonios cxovelebsa da adamianebze, romlebic am resursiT sargebloben.
gamoiyofa azotis oqsidebi da gogirdis oqsidis mcire raodenoba.
boilerisaTvis da gasaciveblad gamoyenebuli wylis dabinZurebis SemTxvevaSi zedapiruli wylis obieqtSi CaSvebisas SesaZlebelia, imoqmedos wylis ekosistemaze.
gasaciveblad gamoyenebuli wyali zedapiruli wylis obieqtSi dabrunebisas Tbilia, ramac SeiZleba zemoqmedeba moaxdinos wylis ekosistemaze.
wvis Sedegad warmoiqmneba saxifaTo elementebis Semcveli ferfli, romelic saTanadod unda iqnas ganTavsebuli
saWiroebs teritorias aRWurvilobis da sawvavis gansaTavseblad
Tu xdeba specialurad moyvanili mcenareebis sawvavad gamoyeneba - saWiroa Sesabamisi farTobis arseboba.
biomasis gamoyeneba energogeneraciisTvis, regionSi mecxoveleobis da soflis meurneobis ganviTarebis gaTvaliswinebiT SeiZleba erT-erT alternativad miviCnioT. Tumca, biomasis gamoyenebiT generirebuli simZlavre umniSvneloa da ver uzrunvelyofs saWiro simZlavris miRebas.
nulovani qmedebis alternativa Tu hesi mocemul regionSi ar aSendeba, cxadia, Tavidan iqneba acilebuli yvela mosalodneli ekologiuri riski da zemoqmedeba. Tumca, proeqtis
31
ganxorcielebiT viRebT garkveul sargebels, romelTa Soris aRsaniSnavia: droebiTi da SedarebiT grZelvadiani dasaqmebis perspeqtivebi, municipalitetis biujetis zrda qonebis Semosavlebis xarjze. gamomuSavebuli energia SeuerTdeba energoganawilebis saxelmwifo sistemas, rac gazrdis zogadad saxelmwifos mier gamomuSavebuli energiis raodenobas. amdenad, SeiZleba, davaskvnaT, rom nulovani moqmedebis alternativa ar aris racionaluri.
cxrili 8. alternativebis miaxloebiTi Sedareba
alternativa
haeri niadagi wyali
flora
fau
na
infras
truqt
ura
mtveri
emis
iebi
xar
isxi
stab
iluroba
miwis
qveS
a
zed
apir
uli
(xar
isxi)
reJimi
vizual
uri
efeqti
narCenebi
socialur-
ekono
miku
ri
gar
emo
wyalmimRebis tipi wyalsaSviani
fariani
rezinis gasaberi kaSxali
gvirabis gayvanis meTodi: burRva-afeTqebiT gayvanis mqanikuri meTodi (TMB)
amoRebuli masalis transportireba: satvirToTi vagonetebiT konveieriT
sadawneo milsadenis tipi: miwisqveSa miwiszeda
sxvadasxva ganaxlebadi wyaroebi: hidroenergia qaris energia mzis energia hidroTermuli energia
biomasa nulovani alternativa
4. proeqtis aRweriloba
SemoTavazebuli variantebis Sedarebis Sedegad gadawyda sqemis wablari-2 komponentis ganxorcieleba. proeqtis SemuSavebis procesSi zemoT mokled aRweril teqnikur gadawyvetilebebSi Setanili iqna garkveuli cvlilebebi. axali koncefciiT proeqtSi Sedis:
rezinis gasaberi kaSxali fariTa da TevzsavaliT; daxuruli saleqaris kamera gisosiT, Tevzdamcavi cxauriT, saleqari
wyalsaSviT, gamrecxi saketiTa da nagavdamWeri gisosis sawmendi manqaniT; gamrcexi arxi, sadawneo milis Semyvani gisosi da aeraciis/deaeraciis milTan mimyvani gza teqmomsaxureobis Casatareblad;
32
sadawneo mili (456 m sigrZis); xidi (39 m sigrZis, mdinareze); gvirabi (sigrZiT 5 km, eqskavaciis diametri 3.20 m); Zalovani kvanZi, aRWurvili peltonis tipis ori turbiniT
(vertikaluri RerZi). kaSxali. mdinare wablaris gadagdeba xdeba udabnod wodebuli ubnidan odnav qvemoT. 5 m simaRlis kaSxali qmnis mcire zomis auzs (3862.5 m2), raTa uzrunvelyos wylis dawneva sadawneo milsa da gvirabSi. rekomendebulia rezinis gasaberi kaSxlis gamoyeneba (sur. 5-7). rezinis kaSxlis unikalur Tvisebas warmoadgens is, rom mas SeuZlia Txemze morgebuli hidroteqnikuri saketis funqcia Seasrulos. gabervis Semdeg (haeriT, wyliT an erTad – haeriTa da wyliT) igi zeviT iwevs da akavebs wyals. daCutvis Semdeg igi gaekvreba fskers da amiT srulad uxsnis wyals savals. garda amisa, SesaZlebelia rezinis kaSxlis daregulireba Sualedur simaRleebze sxvadasxva dros dinebis mimarTulebiT da dinebis sawinaaRmdegod wylis sxvadasxva donis uzrunvelsayofad. rezinis es konstruqcia iZleva wylis donis kontrolis saSualebas. standartuli konstruqciis rezinis kaSxali Sedgeba oTxi nawilisgan: armirebuli rezinis konverti (1), romelic mWidrod emagreba betonis fundaments (2); fari (3); marTvis oTaxi, romelSic moTavsebulia meqanikuri da eleqtromowyobilobebi (mag., kompresori/wylis tumbo, gaberva-daCutvis meqanizmi) da Semyvani/gamomyvani milsadeni sistema. rezinis konverti ivseba haeriT an wyliT da zemoT swevs dinebis sawinaaRmdegod wylis dones, xolo daCutvis Sedegad wylis done qvemoT iwevs. mTlianad gaberil da aRmarTul mdgomareobaSi igi asrulebs barieris rols da axdens wylis Setborvas. kaSxlis tani emagreba betonis fuZesa da saydenebs calmxrivi da ormxrivi ankeruli sistemiT. rezinis kaSxlis tipiur safuZvels gaaCnia dinebis mimarTulebisa da dinebis sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebis diafragmebi gruntis wylis gaJonvis manZilis gasazrdelad, rac amcirebs gruntis wylis hidrostatikur amwev Zalas. SemoTavazebuli konstruqcia Sedgebs rezinis baliSisgan (2) da farisgan (3).
suraTi 5. kaSxlis ganivkveTi
33
rezinis kaSxlis baliSi mzaddeba kauCukis masaliT, romelic armirebulia Signidan gamokruli qselismagvari qsoviliT. aris Zalzed elastiuri, xexva- da cveTamedegi; uZlebs ultraiisferi sxivebis zemoqmedebas; aris mtkice da Znelad ixeva.
kaSxlis baliSi axali Taobis rezinis kaSxlis baliSi
sur. 6. rezinis kaSxlis masala gasaberi kaSxali naCvenebia suraTze 7.
suraTi 7. gasaberi kaSxali
gasaberi kaSxlis damontaJeba Zalzed martivia da rogorc wesi, saWiroebs mxolod erT ankers zeda boloSi.
34
suraTi 8. damagrebis magaliTi
kaSxlis baliSi ivseba an haeriT, an wyliT. radgan Sida wneva dabalia (daaxloebiT udris wylis dawnevas), konstruqcia aris rbili da SeuZlia, motivtive nagviT gamowveuli zemoqmedebis amortizeba dazianebis gareSe. aseT kaSxals gaxvretiT gamowveuli afeTqebis safrTxe ar emuqreba (rogorc magaliTad, balons) armirebuli fenebis simtkicidan gamomdinare. amas garda, SesaZlebelia kontrolis martivi sistemis gamoyenebiT, romelic mudmivad akontrolebs rezinis kaSxlis Sida wnevas, kaSxlis aweul mdgomareobaSi gaCereba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mainc moxda kaSxlis gaxvreta. rezinis baliSis msaxurebis vadaa 20-25 weli. baliSis gasaberad ufro xSirad iyeneben haers da ara wyals Semdegi mizezebis gamo:
wyalma da wyalSi arsebulma nagavma SeiZleba, gamoiwvios korozia an SeiZleba, gaWedos milebi;
haeriT gaberili kaSxlis proeqti da konstruqcia ufro martivia; wyliT savse kaSxali saWiroebs milgayvanilobis ufro rTul
sistemas da xSirad saWiroebs auzs, sadac moxdeba mdinareSi wylis dabali doneebisas kaSxlis gasaberad saWiro wylis dagroveba;
haeriT gaberili kaSxlis gabervasa da daCutvas bevrad naklebi dro sWirdeba, vidre igive zomis wyliT gaberili kaSxlis gaberva-daCutvas;
wylis wonis gamo wyliT gaberil kaSxals aqvs CaRunuli forma aqvs da amdenad saWiroebs kauCukis met masalas, vidre igive simaRlis haeriT gaberili kaSxali;
wyliT gaberili kaSxlis garSemoweriloba misi simaRlis daaxloebiT 4.8-s udris, xolo haeriT gaberili kaSxlis SemTxvevaSi es maCvenebeli 3.5-ia. wyliT gaberili kaSxlis tanis dasamontaJeblad kaSxlis fuZe unda iyos ufro ganieri, vidre igive simaRlis haeriT gaberili kaSxlisa.
35
Tumca, haeriT gaberili kaSxali naklebad mdgradia da masze ufro Zlierad moqmedebs vibracia, vidre wyliT gaberili kaSxali. wyliT gaberili kaSxali ufro metad rekomendebulia rTul hidravlikur pirobebSi (markusi, 1995). rezinis gasaber kaSxals tradiciul konstruqciebTan SedarebiT garkveuli upiratesobebi aqvs:
dasaxeleba aRweriloba
mSeneblobis mokle vada
rezinis kaSxlis tani aris ufro msubuqi da portatuli. mzaddeba qarxanaSi erT nakeTobad da ikeceba (ixveva), rac aadvilebs mis gadatanas kaSxlis dadgmis adgilze. rezinis kaSxali saWiroebs martiv msubuq sagebs (safuZvels) 10-15 sm-iani CaRrmavebiT maSin, rodesac foladis sakets rogorc wesi, 50-80 sm-iani CaRrmaveba aqvs (Bridgestone, 1997a). rezinis tanis betonis sagebis mowyoba SesaZlebeli swrafad, martivad da ekonomiurad. sagebze rezinis tanis dasamagreblad gamoiyeneba erTi- an ormxrivi mimWeri firfita.
swrafi da martivi teqmomsaxureoba da remonti
saWiroebs minimalur teqmomsaxureobas. ar saWiroebs SeRebvas, dazeTvasa da gapoxvas. rac Seexeba foladis sakets, igi saWiroebs ZviradRirebul teqmomsaxureobas, rogoricaa Jangis moSoreba, gadaRebva da hidravlikuri zeTis Secvla. rezinis tanis dazianebebis aRmofxvra SesaZlebelia avtomobilis saburavebisa da konveieris lentis saremonto danadgarebis gamoyenebiT. moZvelebuli dambebis rekonstruqcia/Secvla martivia.
saproeqto sasicocxlo ciklis siiafe
rezinis kaSxlis saproeqto sasicocxlo ciklis xarji dabalia qarxnulad damzadebuli kaSxlis tanis, mdinaris napirebis umniSvnelod Secvlis, betonis msubuqi sagebis, swrafi agebisa da montaJis, eqspluataciis simartivisa da minimaluri teqmomsaxureobis gamo.
seismomedegi martivi da msubuqi miwiszeda konstruqciis, rezinis tanze datvirTvis Tanabari gadanawilebisa da betonis msubuqi sagebis gamo rezinis kaSxali ufro metad seismomedegia igive funqciis sxva konstruqciebTan SedarebiT.
mavne pirobebisadmi adaptirebadi
rezinis kaSxlis gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia araxelsayrel garemo pirobebSic, kerZod, dabali temperaturis pirobebSi (rodesac foladis saketi gamousadegaria. magaliTad, yinvis pirobebSi problemuria rogorc asawevi, ise radialuri tipis wyalsaSvis saketis muSaoba. problema iqmneba yinuliT gamowveuli gazrdili hidrostatikuri datvirTvisa da friqciuli winaRobis gamo. ukidures SemTxvevebSi saketi SeiZleba, dafaros yinulma da Sedegad moxdes misi gayinva adgilzeve (Sehgal, 1996)). haeriT gasaber rezinis kaSxals msgavsi problemebi ar emuqreba da zemoaRweril pirobebSi Seuferxeblad muSaobs. rezinis kaSxali, imis gamo, rom aris drekadi, axdens modreife yinulis zemoqmedebis amortizebas – yinulis zemoqmedebis dros icvlis formas, magram Semdeg kvlav sawyis formas ubrundeba. garda amisa, rezinis kaSxali amcirebs tradiciul hidravlikur sistemaSi yinulis dagrovebiT gamowveul datborvis problemas zeda biefSi. gayinvisadmi midrekili mdinareebis SemTxvevaSi rezinis
36
dasaxeleba aRweriloba
kaSxlebi damreci gverdebiT da naklebi Sualeduri dambebiT metad rekomendebulia wylis marTvis mravaldambian konstruqciebTan SedarebiT, romlebic akaveben yinuls, iwveven datborvas zeda biefSi, saketebis gabitvas da burjebis dazianebasac ki.
ekologiurad sufTa rezinis kaSxali muSaobs ekologiur reJimSi – ar saWiroebs sazeT-sapoxi masalebis gamoyenebas. Txemze regulirebad rezinis kaSxals SeuZlia, Seqmnas esTetikuri TvalsazrisiT sasiamovno wyalsacavi, romelic SeiZleba, gamodges, rogorc wylis xangrZlivi habitati an iZleodes sxvadasxva sawylosno aqtivobebis saSualebas. wylis gadmoxeTqvis efeqti kaSxlis daCutvis dros Zalzed STambeWdavia. rezinis kaSxlis vizualuri efeqti nakleb gamaRizianebelia sxva analogiur konstruqciebTan (mag., tradiciul foladis saketTan an betonis dambebTan) SedarebiT. SesaZlebelia sxvadasxva ferisa da formis rezinis sxeulis damzadeba. garda amisa, rezinis sxeulze SesaZlebelia sxvadasxva naxatebis, kompaniis logoebis da sxv. gamosaxva.
saleqari. uSualod kaSxlis qveda biefSi, wablaris marcxena napirze aigeba saleqari da sxva konstruqciebi (sur. 10-11). sadawneo milsadeni. gvirabis wyalmimwodi mili gayveba wablaris marcxena mxares, gadakveTs md. wablars (am mizniT mdinareze aigeba patara xidi) da miuerTdeba sadawneo gvirabs (sur. 12). gvirabi. gvirabis diametria 3 m, xolo misi sigrZe daaxloebiT 5,2 km-ia. diametri mokeTebis Semdeg Semcirdeba 2.4 m-mde. geologiuri Sefasebis Tanaxmad, Wrilis maxasiaTeblebi gansxvavdeba da Sesabamisad, gamoyenebuli iqneba mokeTebis/armirebis sxvadasxva meTodebi. gvirabis yovel metrze samSeneblo fazebi da Wrilis maxasiaTeblebi mocemulia suraTze 14. gvirabis gayvana moxdeba burRva-afeTqebiT. samuSaoebis usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofis mizniT yovel 300 metrSi moewyoba Riobebi (20 m x 4 m) (sur. 13-14). sadawneo milsadeni. gvirabi eleqtrosadgurs miuerTdeba daRrmavebuli sadawneo milsadeniT. Zalovani kvanZi da qvesadguri. eleqtrosadguri ganTavsdeba md. wablaris marjvena mxares. Senobis zomebi: 30x15 m, simaRle 17 m (sur. 15-16). Senoba Sedgeba mTavari blokisgan da damxmare farTisgan, sadac ganTavsdeba ofisi, sanitaruli kvanZebi, bufeti da saZinebeli. Senoba mopirkeTdeba xiT vizualuri efeqtis Sesarbileblad. qvesadguri SemoiRobeba, transformatorisa da sawvavis avariulad daRvris Semkrebi miwisqveSa cistenis qveS moewyoba RorRis fena. moxdeba zedapiruli wylis drenireba qvesadguris perimetrze da moewyoba saleqari.
37
sur. 9. wyalsacavisa da kaSxlis struqtura
38
sur. 10. saleqari
39
sur. 11. gamrecxi arxi da sadawneo milsadeni, md. wablaris marcxena napiri
40
pirobiTi niSnebi:
sur. 12. mdinaris gadakveTa (sadawneo milsadenis xidi)
41
sur. 13. gvirabis Sesasvleli
42
sur. 14. mSeneblobis fazebi da kveTis maxasiaTeblebi gvirabis erTeul metr sigrZeze
43
sur. 15. Zalovani kvanZis ubani
44
sur. 16. hes-is Senoba
45
5. ZiriTadi monacemebi
5.1. klimati da meteorologiuri pirobebi
regionis zogadi meteorologiuri monacemebi inaxeba garemos dacvis suministros meteorologiis departamentSi. klimatur parametrebze sistematiuri dakvirveba warmoebs 1844 wlidan. klimaturi maCveneblebis (mag., temperatura, naleqebi, tenianoba) Sesaxeb monacemebs agroveben hidrometeorologiuri sadgurebi. ukanaskneli 20 wlis manZilze saqarTveloSi hidrometeorologiuri sadgurebis ricxvi mniSvnelovnad Semcirda. dResdReobiT mxolod 40 sadguri funqcionirebs. xelmisawvdomi monacemebis simciris gamo moyvanili Sedegebi SesaZloa, ar iyos srulyofili.
sur. 17. klimati
dasavleT saqarTvelos klimati Zalzed mravalferovania da zogierT raionSi icvleba notio subtropikulidan marad gayinulobamde. klimats ganapirobebs Savi zRvis sanapiro dasavleTiT da sami didi mTis qedis (didi kavkasionis, lixisa da mesxeTis) amfiTeatri, garda kolxeTis dablobisa (daWaobebuli teritoria) zustad SuagulSi. Savi zRvis sanapiro zolSi gabatonebulia notio subtropikuli klimati. haeris saSualo wliuri temperaturaa 14-15°C, eqstremaluri mniSvnelobebiT +45°C-
46
dan -15°C–mde. naleqebis wliuri raodenoba icvleba 1,500-2,500 mm farglebSi. Savi zRvis zegavleniT, dasavleT saqarTvelos klimati xasiaTdeba Tbili zamTriT, cxeli zafxuliT da uxvi naleqiT. aq, mTian da maRalmTian raionebSi haeris wliuri temperatura meryeobs 6-10°C-dan 2-4°C–mde, absoluturi minimumiT -30°C-dan -35°C–mde. naleqebis wliuri raodenoba meryeobs 1,200-1,600 mm-dan 2,000 mm-mde. imereTSi notio subtropikuli klimatia. didi kavkasionis uReltexili mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs klimaturi reJimis formirebaSi, aferxebs ra civi haeris masebis SemoWras CrdiloeTidan. Savi zRvidan momavali notio haeris zegavleniT dasavleT saqarTvelos klimati notioa, radgan Warbi naleqi ileqeba aRmosavleT da dasavleT saqarTvelos gamyofi suramis, lixisa da aWara-TrialeTis qedebis aRmosavleT ferdobebze. zamTari kolxeTis dablobze Tbilia. zogadad dasavleT saqarTveloSi, zRvis donidan daaxloebiT 700 mm simaRleze saSualo temperatura nuls qvemoT arasdros ecema. wvimis naleqis raodenoba icvleba arsebuli orografiisa da zRvidan daSorebis mixedviT. regioni gamoirCeva atmosferuli naleqebis siuxviT (1000-2000 mm weliwadSi). naleqebis maqsimaluri raodenoba modis SemodgomiT da zamTarSi. imis gamo, rom meteorologiuri dakvirvebis ZiriTadi sadgurebi mdebareobs qalaqebSi, saproeqto ubanze klimatis daxasiaTebas viZleviT dakvirvebis uaxloesi sadguris monacemebze dayrdnobiT. samSeneblo klimatologiuri miTiTebebis (2008 w.) Tanaxmad, klimati saproeqto raionSi aseTia:
Tve I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII
baRdadi 4.4 5 7.9 12.
6 17.6
20.7 23 23.3 20 15.7 10.7
6.6
sairme -0.3 0.4 2.8 7.4 12.1 15.5 17.
4 17.8 14.6 10.
5 5.7 2
sur. 18. garemos temperatura Tveebis mixedviT naleqebis saSualo wliuri raodenoba saproeqto regionSi meryeobs 1200-1830 mm farglebSi, naleqebis maqsimaluri dRiuri raodenobiT 110-180 mm sxvadasxva nawilSi. zamTari da Semodgoma wvimiania, xolo gazafxuli da adreuli zafxuli – SedarebiT mSali. fardobiTi tenianoba SesabamisobaSia naleqebis aRweril reJimTan. zRvasTan SedarebiT axlos mdebare raionSi Tovlian dReTa ricxvi Seadgens 12-20 dRes weliwadSi, xolo zRvidan
47
SedarebiT daSorebul raionebSi – baRdadsa da zestafonSi am ricxvma SeiZleba, 30-s miaRwios.
Tve I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII
baRdadi 66 66 68 68 71 74 79 78 77 71 66 62
sairme 78 77 78 76 80 82 84 83 83 81 79 77
sur. 19. fardobiTi tenianoba Tveebis mixedviT metsadgurebis mixedviT, sapreoqto ubanze naleqebis Sesaxeb arsebuli monacemebi gviCvenebs, rom naleqebis raodenoba baRdadSi aWarbebs naleqebis raodenobas sairmeSi, magram Tovlis safaris sairmeSi ufro xangrZlivad narCundeba, vidre baRdaTSi.
cxrili 9. naleqebis wliuri da maqsimaluri dRiuri raodenoba metsadguri naleqebis wliuri raodenoba, mm dRiuri maqsimumi,
mm baRdaTi 1499 107 sairme 1165 83
cxrili 10. monacemebi Tovlis safaris Sesaxeb
sadguri Tovlis safaris xangrZlivoba, dRe
baRdadi 27 sairme 82
qarebs sezonuri xasiaTi aqvs da ufro xSiri da Zlieri qarebi zamTarSi icis. gabatonebulia aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis mimarTulebis qarebi.
cxrili 11. niadagis zedapiris temperatura metsadguri temperatura I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII weli
sairme saSualo -2 -1 3 9 16 20 23 22 16 12 6 0 10 saS.maqsimumi 4 6 12 25 34 38 41 40 33 25 14 7 23 saS.minimumi -5 -5 -2 3 7 11 13 14 10 5 0 -4 4
dimi saSualo 3 4 8 14 21 26 28 28 22 16 9 5 15 saS.maqsimumi 10 12 18 28 40 45 47 47 39 30 18 12 29 saS.minimumi -1 -1 2 6 11 15 18 18 14 9 5 1 8
cxrili 12. qaris saSualo maqsimaluri da minimaluri siCqareebi
48
dasaxlebuli punqti
qaris maqsimaluri siCqare (m/wm) SesaZlebeli erTxel 1 welSi 5 welSi 10 welSi 15 welSi 20 welSi
baRdaTi 19 23 24 25 26 sairme 8 10 11 11 12
cxrili 13. qaris vardi dasaxlebuli punqti
C (N) Ca (NE) a (E) sa (SE) s (S) sd (SW) d (W) Cd (NW) Stili
baRdaTi 2 7 25 14 16 2 29 5 15 sairme 14 42 6 15 17 4 1 1 59
sur. 20. qaris vardi (%)
proeqtis ganxorcieleba dagegmilia md.md. wablariswylisa da xaniswylis auzebSi, imereTis zeganis samxreT nawilSi, romelsac esazRvreba aWara-imereTis qedis ferdobebi da misi CrdiloeT ganStoebebi, rac amcirebs zRvis gavlenas mocemul raionze da aZlierebs xmeleTis gavlenas masze. amdenad, klimati aq ufro mSralia, xolo zamTari gacilebiT civia, vidre kolxeTis dablobze. klimatis cvlileba saqarTveloSi Tanamedrove periodSi mimdinare klimaturi cvlilebebi Sefasda dakvirvebis faqtobriv monacemebze dayrdnobiT. informacia warmodgenili iqna klimaturi cvlilebis erovnul SetyobinebaSi (2009 w.). angariSSi warmodgenili prognozebi efuZneba haeris saSualo temperaturis, naleqebis saSualo wliuri raodenobisa da datenianebis reJimis cvlilebis tendenciebis analizs drois or periodSi: 1955-1970 ww. da 1990-2005 ww. statistikurma analizma cxadyo orive periodSi haeris saSualo wliuri temperaturis matebis tendencia da naleqebis wliuri raodenobis matebis tendencia pirveli periodidan (1955-1970 ww.) moyolebuli vidre meore periodamde (1990-2005 ww.). temperaturisa da naleqebis zrda (namati) dasavleT saqarTveloSi Sesabamisad, icvleboda 0.2-0.4°C da 8-13% farglebSi, xolo aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi igive maCveneblebi Seadgenda 0.6°C da 6%-s. haeris temperaturis absoluturi minimumebisa da absoluturi
49
maqsimumebis cvlilebebmac cxadyo daTbobis tendencia wlis rogorc Tbil, ise civ periodebSi. momavalSi klimatis prognozirebis mizniT gamoyenebuli iqna ori regionaluri modeli. am modelebis Sedegebi dasavleT saqarTveloSi gviCvenebs haeris saSualo wliuri temperaturis zrdas 3.5°C-iT saukunis bolomde, naleqebis daaxloebiT 6%-iani Tanmdevi SemcirebiT. temperaturisa da naleqebis es ukucvlilebebi savaraudod, ufro intensiuri iqneba zafxulSi, rodesac orive tendencia ufro naTlad aris gamoxatuli, vidre sxva sezonebze. SRES
5 (emisiebis scenarebis specialuri angariSi) sami sxvadasxva scenaris Sedegebi6, romlebic Seesabameba mcire zrdas (B1), saSualo zrdas (A1B) da intensiur zrdas (A2), mocemulia suraTze 22 (a: saSualo wliuri; b: zafxulis saSualo; c: zamTris saSualo). prognozis Tanaxmad, saSualo wliuri temperaturis mateba gardauvalia Cveni saukunis Sua wlebSi. saSualo wliuri temperaturis mateba meryeobs 1.5-3.2°C farglebSi. amasTan, temperaturuli mateba zafxulis TveebSi (ivnisi-agvisto) metia zamTarTan (dekemberi-Tebervali) SedarebiT. unda aRiniSnos, rom am erTian procentilSi (mag., saSualo), saprognozo mateba yvelaze didia “saSualo zrdis” (A1B) emisiebis scenaris SemTxvevaSi, vidre “maRali” (A2) scenaris SemTxvevaSi. aRniSnuli ganpirobebulia emisiis sxvadasxva tempebiT zrdis prognozebiT TiToeuli scenaris mixedviT saukunis pirvel naxevarSi, rogorc aRniSnuli naCvenebia suraTze 23 da suraTze 24: emisiebi Sua saukuneSi metia A1B SemTxvevaSi A2–Tan SedarebiT, magram zrdis tempi klebulobs saukunis meore naxevarSi A1B SemTxvevaSi da izrdeba A2 SemTxvevaSi, rac ganapirobebs gacilebiT met emisias A2 SemTxvevaSi 2100 wlisTvis.
5 emisiebis scenarebis specialuri angariSi. 6. santa klaras universitetma statistikurad Seamcira WCRP CMIP3 klimaturi prognozebi “Climate wizard”-is gamoyenebiT (http://www.climatewizard.org/).
50
sur. 21. temperaturis cvlileba saukunis Sua wlebSi (2040-2069 wlebSi 1961-1990 wlebTan SedarebiT): saSualo wliuri temperatura
sur. 22. temperaturis cvlileba saukunis Sua wlebSi (2040-2069 wlebSi 1961-
1990 wlebTan SedarebiT): zafxulis Tveebi (ivnisi-agvisto)
sur. 23. temperaturis cvlileba saukunis Sua wlebSi (2040-2069 wlebSi 1961-1990 wlebTan SedarebiT): zamTris Tveebis (dekemberi-Tebervali) saSualo
temperatura
naleqebis saerTo raodenobis saprognozo wliuri da sezonuri cvlilebebi analogiurad mocemulia suraTze 25 (a: wliuri; b: zafxulis; c: zamTris). naleqebis cvlilebebis etalonuri prognozebi am SemTxvevaSi
51
bevrad ufro saimedoa, vidre temperaturisa da prognozuli cvlilebebi meryeobs -14% klebisa da +4% matebis diapazonSi, rac damokidebulia emisiebis scenarze da saerTo procentilze. umetes SemTxvevaSi navaraudebia wliuri naleqebis ramdenime procentiT Semcireba. sezonuri naleqebis cvlilebebis amsaxveli rukebi gviCvenebs, rom aRniSnuli warmoadgens zamTris TveebSi naleqebis zrdisa da zafxulis TveebSi naleqebis klebis prognozis saboloo Sedegs. iseve, rogorc temperaturis SemTxvevaSi, naleqebis yvelaze didi cvlileba navaraudevia A1B scenaris SemTxvevaSi zemoT miTiTebuli mizezebis gamo. temperaturis navaraudevi zrdiT gamowveuli naleqebisa da Tovlis gazrdili raodenoba zamTarSi gazrdis saniaRvre Camonadenisa da datborvis risks.
sur. 24. naleqebis cvlileba saukunis Sua wlebSi (2040-2069 wlebSi 1961-1990
wlebTan SedarebiT): naleqebis saSualo wliuri cvlileba
52
sur. 25. naleqebis cvlileba saukunis Sua wlebSi (2040-2069 wlebSi 1961-1990
wlebTan SedarebiT): naleqebis saSualo cvlileba zafxulis TveebSi (ivnisi-agvisto)
sezoni gazafxuli zafxuli Semodgoma zamTari wliuri
T, °C Q, mm T, °C Q, mm T, °C Q, mm T, °C Q, mm T, °C Q, mm
dasavleT saqarTvelo
(ds)
sawyisi periodi 7.9 281 18.5 348 9.7 391 -2.3 377 9.1 1197 mosalodneli
cvlileba 4.6 -40 5.6 -88 3.4 -53 3.6 104 3.5 -70
prognozi 2100 w. 12.4 241 24.1 260 13 338 1.4 481 12.6 1127 aRmosavleT saqarTvelo
(as)
sawyisi periodi 9.3 158 20.5 170 11.6 126 1 85 11.3 570 mosalodneli
cvlileba 4.6 -65 5.9 -72 4.1 -45 4.5 -29 4.1 -83
prognozi 2100 w. 13.9 93 26.4 98 15.7 81 5.5 56 15.4 487
sur. 26. temperaturis dinamika – sawyisi da cvlileba 2100 wlisTvis
dasavleT da aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi (ds da as)
53
sur. 27. naleqebis dinamika – sawyisi da cvlileba 2100 wlisTvis dasavleT
da aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi (ds da as) klimatis cvlilebis Sesaxeb, rogorc nakadze moqmed faqtoris sakiTxs didi sifrTxiliT unda mivudgeT, radgan wyalze xelmisawvdomlobis SezRudvam SeiZleba, uaryofiTad imoqmedos erTis mxriv, hidrobiontebsa da wylis momxmareblebze da meores mxriv, eleqtroenergiis gamomuSavebisTvis saWiro wyalze xelmisawvdomlobaze. droTa manZilze SeiZleba, saWiro gaxdes qarxnis operirebis gadaxedva masSi cvlilebis gasaTvaliswineblad.
5.2. geologia da geomorfologia
CvenTvis saintereso ubnis geologiur agebulebaSi monawileoben andezitebi, bazaltebi, qviSaqvebi da fiqlebi, romlebic gadafarulia TixnarebiT. auzis 90% dafarulia Sereuli tyiT, romelic 2000 m zemoT icvleba alpuri mdeloebiT. qvemoT (sur. 28) mocemulia saproeqto regionis geologiuri ruka. saproeqto teritoriaze farTodaa gavrcelebuli Sua eocenis vulkanuri warmonaqmnebi. mocemul etapze ar arsebobs safuZveli, gavakeToT daskvna Sua eocenis vulkanuri qanebisa da maTi kombinaciebis gavrcelebis myari modelis Sesaxeb. Sesabamisad, wyebaSi vulkanuri formaciis klasifikacia zogadad xdeba liTologiuri Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebiT. qanebis liTologiuri Taviseburebebis mixedviT, vulkanuri qanebi iyofa sam wyebad:
qveda – Sereuli, Sreebrivi tufogenuri wyeba; Sua – tufobreqCiebis wyeba da zeda – traqituli tufebis wyeba.
54
bE 2
2
Sua eocenis Sua nawili. aWara-TrialeTis zona: ZiriTadad subtute, tute da kir-tute bazaltebis, ufro iSviaTad ki – andezitbazaltebis, andezitebis, delenitebisa da traqitebis masiuri, sqeelSeebrivi vulkanuri breqCiebi, tufebi da lavuri ganfenebi, zogad tufokonglomeratebi, olistostromebi, tefro- da qviSaqva- alevrolituri turbidebi. zeda nawilSi zogad tufebi, gravelitebi, tofoqviSebi da mergelebi (Widilas an dviris wyeba).
aE 2
2
Sua eocenis qveda nawili. aWara-TrialeTis zona: ZiriTadad bazalturi, ufro iSviaTad ki – traqituli Semadgenlobis Sreebrivi Wreli tufebis, argilitebis, tufoargilitebis, kirqvebis da mergelebis morigeoba, iSviaTad subtute bazalturi, zogan traqituli, xolo zeda nawilSi – delenituri ganfenebiT (likanis da qvabisxevis wyeba).
E1+E2 paleocenuri da eocenuri. saqarTvelos belti da gagra-javis zona: zRvis marCxi kirqvebi (pelitomorfuli, kristaluri, breqCiuli, liToTamniumebiani), rqatyuara-biotitiani da andezituri tufebis iSviaTi SuaSreebiT.
vE22 Sua eocenis gabro-piroqseniti, gabroebi, gabro-dioritebi, dioritebi, kvarc-dioriti.
sur. 28. saqarTvelos geologiuri rukis fragmenti da pirobiTi niSnebi aWara-imereTis qedis ukiduresi CrdiloeTiT SiSvldeba Wreli Sreebrivi qveda tufogenuri wyeba, romelic ar iWreba samuSao zonaSi da amdenad, mis aRweras Tavi avarideT. Sua tufobreqCiis wyeba farTodaa gavrcelebuli sakvlev ubanze. igi agebs sinklinis ferdobsa da antiklinis kompozitur nawils. md. xaniswylis Sua dinebisa da md. wablariswylis Sua da qveda dinebis kalapotebi, aseve, md.md. skurdulas, kuratasa da kerSaveTis Sua da qvemo dinebis ubnebi agebulia am wyenis qanebiT. wyeba agebulia masobrivi lavis, lava-breqCiebis, tufobreqCiebis msxvilnatexovani qanebis msxvili dastebiT Sreebrivi tufogenebiT da andezituri bazaltisa da porfiritebis nafenebiT. Sreebrivi tufobreqCiebi, tufebi da tufo-qviSaqvebi mniSvnelovan adgils ikaveben wyebis SemadgenlobaSi. mdinaris xeobaSi da wyalgamyofze zogierT adgilze SiSvldeba calkeuli dastebi msxvilnatexovani tufogenebisa da bazalt-porfiritis nafenebis morigeobiT. aseTi calkeuli dastis sisqe (simZlavre) meryeobs 90-30 sm farglebSi, xolo nafenebis calkeuli Sreebis sisqe tolia 5-8 metris. wyebis zeda nawili warmodgenilia mkvrivi nacrisferi tufogenuri qanebiT Sreebrivi tufogenebis (tufebis, tufo-qviSaqvebis) dastebiT. wyebis am nawilis Ziri rukaze naCvenebia wyvetili xaziT. tufobreqCiis Sua wyebis
55
saerTo simZlavre aWara-imereTis qedis CrdiloeT ferdobis CrdiloeT periferiaze aRwevs 1400 metrs. traqituli tufebis zeda wyeba TanxmobiT faravs Sua eocenis Sua wyebis qanebs da agebs sinklinuri naoWebis ferdobs. wyeba zogadad warmodgenilia masiuri tufebis, lavebisa da traqitebis Semadgenlobis lava-breqCiebiT Sreebrivi tufogenebis iSviaTi dastebiT. am wyebebis Tavze zogierT adgilze daikvirveba Sreebrivi (simZlavriT 15 sm-mde) brtyeli alevrolitebi. mocemuli wyebis qanebi ZiriTadad gavrcelebulia samuSao ubnis samxreT nawilSi da moicavs teritorias, romelic moqceulia sof. kakasxidsa md. wablariswylis marjvena Senakadis, md. sakalmaxisReles xeobas Soris. isini SiSvldeba md.md. skurdulasa da qurTas saTaveebSi. meoTxeuli wyeba sustad aris ganviTarebuli da ZiriTadad warmodgenilia aluviuri da deluviur-proluviuri nafenebiT. aluviuri nafenebi sakvlev teritoriaze ZiriTadad gvxvdeba mdinaris xeobis gaswvriv, romelsac aqvs SedarebiT kargad gamomuSavebuli profili. md. xaniswylis Walis aluvioni warmodgenilia kenWnariT qviSisa da Tixnaris CanarTebiT. naleqebis simZlavre meryeobs 2-4 m farglebSi. Waliszeda terasebi md. xaniswylis gaswvriv eCexeba calkeul naleqebs sof. alis-imereTis midamoebSi. terasis naleqebi warmodgenilia konglomeratebiTa da qviSa-Tixnarovani cementiT. simZlavre meryeobs 1-3 m farglebSi. mdinaris xeobis qveda nawilSi wablariswylis Walis natans aqvs igive Semadgenloba da analogiuria zemoT aRwerilisa. deluviur-proluviuri naleqebi zogan gvxvdeba calkeuli danaoWebuli ganStoebebis ZirSi, sadac maTi simZlavre meryeobs 2-5 m farglebSi, xolo masala warmodgenilia sxvadasxva qanebis nasxvrevebiTa da natexebiT. teqtonikuri TvalsazrisiT, sakvlevi teritoria miekuTvneba aWara-TrialeTis sistemis CrdiloeT raions da faravs centralur qve-zonas. sakvlev teritoriaze ganviTarebuli danaoWebuli dislokaciidan gamoiyofa Semdegi:
wyalTaSuas sinklini mdebareobs teritoriis CrdiloeT nawilSi da aqvs subganeduri mimarTuleba. igi xasiaTdeba simetriuli struqturiT ferdobebis daxris 20-30°-iani kuTxeebiT;
gurtinis antiklini mdebareobs zemoT aRwerili sinklinis samxreTiT da gadaWimulia kinkileTidan samxreT-aRmosavleTiT, md. wablariswylis Sua dinebisken. misi naoWebi simetriuli formisaa, ferdobebis daxris 10-20°-iani kuTxeebiT;
kakasxidis sinklini mdebareobs samxreTiT, zemoT aRwerili antiklinis paralelurad. misi naoWebi asimetriuli formisaa. misi CrdiloeT ferdi eSveba 10-20°-iani kuTxiT, xolo samxreT ferdobis daxris kuTxea 70-80°.
zemoxsenebuli naoWebis struqturaSi zedapirze monawileoben Sua eocenis da nawilobriv zeda wyebis vulkanuri qanebi. sakvlev teritoriaze teqtonikuri rRvevebi ar fiqsirdeba. geologiuri kvlevebi Caatara kompaniam “Black & Veatch S.A.” 2011 wels proeqtis winaswari teqnikur-ekonomikuri dasabuTebis momzadebis mizniT. imis gamo, rom kompania “Black & Veatch S.A.”-is winaswari teqnikur-ekonomikuri dasabuTeba exeba mxolod meore qve-blokSi Semaval gvirabebs, daproeqtebis
56
etapze mocemuli teritoriis detaluri geologiuri monacemebis Segrovebis mizniT Catarda saproeqto teritoriis detaluri geologiuri kvlevebi. geologiuri kartireba moaxdina “stegetis” gundma 2012 wlis mais-ivlisis periodSi, xolo geofizikuri kvlevebi da burRviTi samuSaoebi Sesrulda 2012 wlis ivlis-agvistos TveebSi. agegmvaSi Sedioda:
1:5000 geologiuri/geomorfologiuri kartireba sadawneo milsadenisa da sadawneo gvirabis gaswvriv;
1:1000 geologiuri/geomorfologiuri kartireba kaSxlis, eleqtrosadgurisa da gvirabis portalis ubnebze;
LandsaTM gamosaxulebebis moxazulobis/konturebis interpretireba; geomorfologiuri interpretireba aerofotoebiT (maTi arsebobis
SemTxvevaSi); seismuri kvleva kaSxlis, eleqtrosadgurisa da sxva saproeqto
ubnebze; burRva portalebis ubnebze, qanebis (zedapirulis da ZiriTadis)
nimuSebis aReba. xsenebuli kvlevebis Tanaxmad, wyalmimRebis zona warmodgenilia vulkanur-danaleqi rigiT, romelic udabnos samxreTidan CrdiloeTiT Sedgeba kartirebis samuSaoebis dros gamovlenili Semdegi fenebisgan:
rqatyuara-biotitiani bazaltis Semcveli wvril- da saSualo-natexovani tufebi; fenis sisqe 12 m;
biotitiani traqitis Semcveli TxelSreebrivi, wvrilnatexovani pemzis tufebi, zoliani mergelovani tufitebi da wvril- da saSualo-natexovani Sereuli Semadgenlobis tufebi; fenis sisqe 75 m;
TxelSreebrivi, saSualonatexovani Sereuli Semadgenlobis mergelovani tufitebi; horizontalur WrilSi fenis sisqe Seadgens 52 m-s;
Zlier gamofituli masiuri mikrotufobreqCiebi da wvrilnatexovani, Sereuli Semadgenlobis vulkanuri breqCiebi; horizontalur WrilSi fenis sisqe Seadgens 38 m-s;
msxvilSreebrivi da msxvilnatexovani olivinuri bazalturi tufebi piroqsinis kristalebis didi zomis natexebiT; zog ubanze natexebis zoma mkveTrad izrdeba da qans aqvs mikrobreqCiis forma; fenis sisqe 12 m;
msxvilSreebrivi, saSualo- da msxvil-natexovani tufebi da olivinuri bazaltis masiuri volkanuri breqCiebis monacvleoba; fenis sisqe 32 m;
masiuri kldovani vulkanuri breqCiebi da msxvil-natexovani olivinuri bazaltis Semcveli tufebi; fenis sisqe 15 m;
sqeli erTgvarovani vulkanuri breqCiebi bazalturi Semcvelobis klastebiT; fenis sisqe aWarbebs 300 m-s.
amgvarad, kvleva cxadyofs ubanze vulkanoklasturidan danaleqamde Semadgenlobis rigis arsebobas, romelic cnobilia Sua eocenis Wedilas wyebis saxeliT, romlis fenebi ZiriTadad Sedgeba xSir SemTxvevaSi meoradad danaleqi bazalturi vulkanitebiT. geoTermuli WaburRilebis
57
stratigrafiuli mimdevroba faqtiurad, adasturebs aRniSnul stratigrafiul struqturas:
0,0-16,0 - aluviuri da meoTxeuli asakis kaWar-riynarovani naleqebi; 16,0-33,0 – masiuri bazaltis Semcvelobis vulkanuri breqCiebi; 33,0-98,8 – rqatyuara bazaltis Semcvelobis, saSualonatexovani,
sqelSreebrivi tufebi; 98,8-169,0 - rqatyuara-biotitiani bazaltis Semcvelobis msxvil- da
saSualo-natexovani tufebi da mikrofutobreqCiebi; 169,0-208,1 – olivinuri biotitiani bazaltis kldovani, masiuri lava
beqCiebi; 208,1-400,0 – bazaltis Semcvelobis msxvil- da saSualo-natexovani
masiuri da msxvilSreebrivi tufebisa da mikrofutobreqCiebis monacvleoba.
5.2.1. liTologiuri agebuleba
winameoTxeuli fundamenti. qvemodan zemoT liTologiurad gamoiyofa
Semdegi qve-jgufebi (yvela maTgani ekuTvnis bE 2
2 jgufs): 1. tufebi; 2. Sreebrivi vulkanoklastitebi; 3. Sreebrivi vulkanoklastitebi da vulkanitebi; 4. porfirituli bazaltebi da andezitebi; 5. vulkanoklasturi breqCiebi. qanebis 1-4 tipebi warmoadgens mimdevrobis nawils, romelsac moixseniebdnen, rogorc ZiriTad qanebs, xolo qanis me-5 tipi warmoadgens zeda fenas. tufebi (1) SiSvldeba kartirebuli ubnis mxolod ukidures CrdiloeT nawilSi, magram aseve, vrceldeba sakvlevi zonis farglebs gareTac da vrceldeba wyalmimRebis zemoT, sairmes mimarTulebiT. es qanebi mxolod mcired aris daSrevebuli da ZiriTadad Sedgeba masiuri erTeulidan ramdenime metramde sisqis Ria nacrisferi Semcxvari fenebiT, wvrilmarcvlovani futebiT, romlebic qmnian cicabo, sustad danawevrebul ferdobebs da mcire borcvebs. am erTgvarovan vulkanoklastitebs adgilobrivad aqvs iSviaTi, wvrilmarcvlovani (alevrituli) mowiTalo fenebis SuaSreebi, romelTa sisqec meryeobs ramdenime erTeulidan aTeul santimetramde an saSualo-(fxvieri) da wvrilmarcvlovani (alevrituli) momwvanodan monacrisfro Seferilobis fenebis SuaSreebi. im ubnebze, sadac gvxvdeba vulkanoklasturidan epiklasturamde warmoSobis aseTi fenebis monacvleoba, tufebis rigi Zalzed emsgavseba daSrevebuli vulkanitebis serias (2 da 3). meores mxriv, kontaqti tufebsa da daSrevebul vulkanitebs Soris aris gardamavali da warmodgenilia tufebSi TandaTanobiT mzardi SuafenebiT. am mimdevrobis tufebi da sxva fenebi aris yovelTvis Semcxvari da mkvrivi, magram SedarebiT advilad imtvreva CaquCiT. me-2 tipis Sreebrivi vulkanoklastitebi SiSvldeba sakvlevi teritoriis samxreT nawilSi, udabnos mezobel midamoebSi. es qanebi xasiaTdeba ramdenime decimetridan ramdenime metris sisqis fenobriobiT, rac rogorc wesi, naTlad Cans. mocemuli qanebi warmodgenilia tufebiT,
58
vulkanoklasturi breqCiebiTa da alevrituli fenebiT. tufebi xSirad imave tipisaa, rogorc zemoT aRwerili 1-li jgufis SemTxvevaSi; aris nacrisferi Seferilobis, wvrilmarcvlovani da mcired daSrevebuli, rac xSirad arc Tu aSkarad aris gamoxatuli. miuxedavad amisa, zogjer gvxvdeba tufis fenebi Ria yavisferidan mowiTalo Seferilobamde iq, sadac piroqsenebis Savi kristalebi CarTulia pemzis dedaqanSi. es fenebi SedarebiT nakleb myaria, vidre cisferi Seferilobis fenebi. vulkanoklasturi breqCiebis fenebi ganfenilia dedaqanze, vulkanuri warmoSobisa da savaraudod, bazalturidan andezituramde Semadgenlobis muqi nacrisferi klastebiT. klastebis zomebi meryeobs ramdenime santimetridan ramdenime decimetramde. dedaqani Ria nacrisferia da aris tufogenuri struqturis, ris gamoc Zalzed waagavs masalas, romlisganac agebulia tufis fenebi. wina fenebs SuaSreebiT ukavSirdeba sxva doneebi, romlebic xasiaTdeba Zlieri wvrilmarcvlovnebiT da aSkara ramdenime milimetridan ramdenime santimetramde zomis SreobriobiT; es fenebi xasiaTdeba alevrituli an fxvieri SesaxedaobiT. me-3 tipis Sreebrivi vulkanitebi da da vulkanoklastitebi qanis wina tipisgan zogadad ufro Zlier daSrevebiT, fenebis mcire sisqiTa da fenebis porfirituli SesaxedaobiT gansxvavdeba. isini SeiZleba, warmoadgendes me-2 tipis Sreebrivi vulkanoklastitebis irib saxesxvaobas, romlebic SiSvldeba ufro CrdiloeTiT. am qanebs gaaCnia erTeulidan ramdenime santimetramde Sreobrioba, razec miuTiTebs SuaSreebis saxiT CarTuli, savaraudod, bazaltis Semcvelobis muqi feris masiuri vulkanitebi, muqidan Ria nacrisferamde Seferili tufituri vulkanitebi da mowiTalodan momwvano Seferilobamde alevrituli Sesaxedaobis Zalzed wvrilmarcvlovani fenebi. vulkanituri fenebis progresulad mateba iwvevs Sreebrivi vulkanitebisa da vulkanoklastitebis TandaTanobiT gadasvlas porfirituli bazaltebisa da andezitebis (4) qanis tipSi. es qanebi xasiaTdeba uxeSi SreobriobiT, romelic farTod gavrcelebulia mxolod adgilobrivad. isini Cveulebisamebr, Sedgeba muqi Seferilobis porfirituli vulkanitebis dominanturi fenebisgan, romlebSic SuaSreebis saxiT CarTulia ramdenime decimetridan ramdenime metramde sisqis Semcxvari tufebi. zemoT aRwerili yvela qani, romlebic warmoadgens ubanze gaSiSvlebuli vulkanogenuri rigis ZiriTad nawils, gadafarulia vulkanoklasturi breqCiebis (5) sqeli rigiT. am qanebs gaaCnia dedaqanisTvis damaxasiaTebeli struqtura kldovani, TiTqmis momrgvalebulidan dakuTxulamde formis klastebiT. klastebi monoliTologiuria, Sedgeba muqi nacrisferi mikrokristaluri vulkanuri qanebisgan. dedaqani aris wvrilmarcvlovani, Ria nacrisferi da tufogenuri Sesaxedaobis da aris savaraudod, pemzuri warmoSobis. es vulkanoklasturi qanebi aris Semcxvari da magari, magram CaquCiT SeadrebiT advilad imsxvreva. vulkanogenuri rigis mTels ZiriTad nawilSi (mag., 1-4 tipis qanebi) daikvirveba intruziuli daikebi, romlebic Sedgeba masiuri saSualomarcvlovani, savaraudod gabrodiorituli Semadgenlobis kristaluri qanebisgan, romlebic xasiaTdeba masiuri SesaxedaobiT,
59
Sreobriobis gareSe, momwvanodan monacrisfro Seferilobamde gardaqmnil zedapirze da moSavo feriT Seucvlel zedapirze. mxolod savele da xelT arsebuli nimuSebis dakvirvebis safuZvelze imis daskvna, rom maT faqtiurad aqvT gabriulidan dioritulamde Semadgenloba, saeWvoa. nebismier SemTxvevaSi analogiuri Semadgenlobis intruziuli qanebi literaturuli wyaroebis mixedviT, mocemul ubanze fiqsirdeba. daikebis sisqe rogorc wesi, erTidan ramdenime metramde icvleba. miuxedavad amisa, savaraudod, daikebis ZiriTadi masa Tavmoyrilia rukaze datanili teritoriis CrdiloeT nawilSi (ST19 mzomi sadguris maxloblobaSi). es masa SesaZloa, ramdenime aTeuli metris sisqis iyos. daikebis kedlebze rogorc wesi, moqmedebs reaqtivacia, rogorc mcire rRvevis zedapirebze da amdenad, isini SeiZleba, xasiaTdebodes mcire kataklasturi fenebiT an ufro didi napralovnebiT qanuri masis sxva nawilebTan SedarebiT. vulkanoklasturi breqCiebis wyebaSi daikebi ar daikvirveba, Tumca, maTi arseboba gamoricxuli ar aris. genetikuri TvalsazrisiT, qanebis vulkanogenuri mimdevroba, romelic zemoT aris aRwerili, SeiZleba, davaxasiaToT, rogorc Sereuli piroklasturi nakadis, piroklasturi ferflis wvimisa da epiklasturi procesebis Sedegi. ritmuli Sreobrioba, romelic daikvirveba zogierT gamovlenil stratigrafiul erTeulSi da gansakuTrebiT, daSrevebuli vulkanitebisa da vulkanoklastitebis jgufSi (3) savaraudod, miuTiTebs mimdevrobis ZiriTadi nawilis turbidur warmoSobaze. meoTxeuli naleqebi. wablaris xeobaSi meoTxeuli qanebis seriis yvelaze gavrcelebuli tipi warmodgenilia sxvadasxva asakis aluviuri naleqebiT, romlebic vrceldeba xeobis cicabo ferdobebis mTels sigrZeze, nebismier simaRleze da sxvadasxva adgilze. ZiriTadad isini dedaqanzea ganfenili, adgilobrivi klasifkaciiTki – gaaCniaT klasturi sagebi fena da ZiriTadad Sedgeba momrgvalebulidan TiTqmis momrgvalebulamde formis, erTidan ramdenime aTeuli santimetris, dominanturi masiuri vulkanuri qanebis klastebisgan RorRovanidan qviSianamde struqturis dedaqanebSi. klastebis zoma adgilobrivad Zalzed msxvilia da SeiZleba, Segvxvdes erTidan ramdenime metris zomis lodebi. xeobis ferdobebis gaswvriv arsebul aluviur naleqebze rogorc wesi, gavlenas axdens pedogenezi, xolo xeobis fskerze arsebuli SedarebiT axalgazrda naleqebis SemTxvevaSi, pedogenezi an ar arsebobs, an Zalzed sustad aris gamoxatuli. patara sofel udabnos odnav qvemoT, xeobis marjvena mxares gvxvdeba garkveuli raodenobis Camonazvavi naleqebi, romlebic aris klasturi naleqebi, romlebic Sedgeba kuTxovani, erTidan ramdenime aTeul metramde zomis lodebisgan qvemoT mdebare RorRovanidan qviSiani Semadgenlobis dedaqanSi, romelic zog adgilas ar aris warmodgenili, ra SemTxvevaSic ZiriTadad gavrcelebulia sicarieleebi (jibeebi). da bolos, xeobis frTebze mcire sisqis ferdobuli danaleqi qani xSirad ganfenilia gaSiSvlebul fundamentze. igi Sedgeba kuTxovani, erTidan ramdenime aTeuli santimetris zomis, masiuri vulkanitebis klastebisgan
60
RorRovanidan alevritulamde struqturis dedaqanSi. simZlavre meryeobs 2-3 m farglebSi.
5.2.2. ZiriTadi sainJinro samuSaoebi
saderivacio gvirabi da sadawneo milsadeni pk 0+000 – gvirabis CrdiloeT portali geologia mocemul monakveTze ewyoba TxrilSi daRrmavebuli
sadawneo milsadeni. sadawneo milsadenis Txrilis amoReba moxdeba aluviur naleqebSi, romlebic xSir SemTxvevaSi Seicavs ramdenimemetrian lodebs. naleqebis sisqe TiTqmis yovelTvis ramdenime erTeuli metria, 10 metramde. amdenad, winameoTxeul qveda Sremde Casvla eqskavaciisas ar moxdeba. wablaris gadasasvlelTan dakavSirebuli xidis zonaSi (ubani gvirabis portals zemoT) aluviuri naleqebis simZlavre SeiZleba, Semcirdes ramdenime metramde da am gziT moxdes winameoTxeul qveda Sremde miRweva.
geoteqnika mocemuli monakveTis geoteqnikuri Tvisebebi damakmayofilebelia. wvrilmarcvlovani alevrituli da fiqlovani wvrilmarcvlovani naleqebis arseboba mosalodneli ar aris.
hidrogeologia aluviur naleqebSi cxadia, mosalodnelia aqtiuri hidrogeologiuri nakaduri sistemis arseboba. miuxedavad amisa, mosalodneli siRrme gruntis wylebamde 2 m-ze metia sadawneo milsadenis gaswvriv imis gamo, rom nakaduri sistema wonasworobaSia md. wablarTan da mdinare CaWrilia 4-6 metriT aluviuri naleqebis terasasTan mimarTebaSi.
gvirabis CrdiloeT portali – pk 0+450 geologia gvirabis CrdiloeT portali gadafarulia ferdobuli
qanis namsxvrevebiT, magram savaraudod, samTo masivi ganlagebulia SedarebiT nakleb siRrmeze (ramdenime metr siRrmeze). gvirabis gayvanis dawyebamde qanis nasxvrevebis safari unda moixsnas, an alternatiulad, saWiroa gvirabis Sesabamisad armirebuli sayrdeni nawilis mowyoba. mocemul monakveTze mosalodneli qanis tipebia Sreebrivi vulkanoklastitebi, romlebic cicabod eSveba Crdilo-Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT. amdenad, gvirabs, romelic unda gavides Crdilo-aRmosavleT – samxreT-dasavleTis mimarTulebiT, araxelsayreli orientacia (mimarTuleba) aqvs qanebis SreobriobasTan mimarTebaSi, radgan igi Sreebis TiTqmis paraleluria. mocemul nawilSi arsebuli WaburRili savaraudod, amtkicebs, rom samTo masivi xasiaTdeba ramdenime rRveviT, ramac gazarda danapralebis simWidrove. qanebis maxasiaTeblebi araxelsayrelia. rRvevebis mdebareoba gaurkvevelia imis gamo, rom isini kargad ar SiSvldeba zedapirze.
61
savaraudod, monacvleoba da samTo masivis daZabulobis relaqsaciac auaresebs isedac araxelsayrel geologiur pirobebs.
geoteqnika mocemul monakveTze dafiqsirebuli samTo masivis anomaluri danapralebis simWidrove adasturebs, rom geomeqanikuri pirobebi araxelsayreli iqneba. samTo qanebis klasifikaciis (MRM) klasia IV, romelic adgilze icvleba III da V klasiT.
hidrogeologia nakadebis sistemebis arseboba mosalodneli ar aris. mosalodnelia mxolod adgilobrivi daZirva.
pk 0+450 – pk 1+280 geologia ferdobis monakveTze gadasvlasTan erTad geologiuri
pirobebi savaraudod, ufro xelsayreli iqneba samTo masivis gamofitvis progresulad Semcirebisa da arc Tu Rrma topografiuli safaris wnevis relaqsaciis efeqtis gamo. savaraudod, fundamenti gvirabis mocemuli monakveTis mTels sigrZeze warmodgenilia Sreebrivi vulkanoklastitebiT, romlebic cicabod eSveba Crdilo-Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT. amdenad, Sreobriobis mimarTuleba gvirabis RerZTan mimarTebaSi am SemTxvevaSic araxelsayrelia, radgan es ori elementi TiTqmis urTierTparaleluria.
geoteqnika samTo masivis pirobebi xelsayreli unda iyos monakveTis did nawilze (III MRM klasi). miuxedavad amisa, SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom sadac topografiuli safari mcirdeba 50-70 m-mde, geomeqanikuri pirobebi SeiZleba gauaresdes samTo masivis meteoruli cvlilebisa da wnevis relaqsaciis zrdis gamo. amdenad, MRM IV klasamde Semcireba navaraudevia pk 0+450 – 0+585 da pk 0-880 – 1+060 monakveTebze. gvirabis kedlebis Rrma eqskavacia SeiZleba, miCneul iqnas savaraudo problemad gvirabis RerZis TiTqmis paralelurad ganlagebuli cicabod daxrili Sreebis gamo. savaraudod, gvirabis yvelaze arastabilur nawils warmoadgens misi Crdilo-aRmosavleT kedeli, sadac SeiZleba, adgili hqondes qanebis CamoSlas.
hidrogeologia gvirabis mocemul monakveTze nakadebis sistemis arseboba mosalodneli ar aris. miuxedavad amisa, gvirabis gayvanisas ar aris gamoricxuli wyalgajerebul samTo masivSi gavla. aseT pirobebSi mosalodnelia, rom tufebis zogierTma fenam mcire zomis adgilobrivi wyalsacavis funqcia Seasrulos adgilze danapralebis simWidrovis mosalodneli zrdis gamo. am SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba, adgili hqondes droebiT, koncentrirebul sporadul wyalgamovlinebas. aseTi gamovlinebebi swrafad daiklebs, radgan hidrogeologiurad aqtiuri fenebis hidravlikuri kavSiri Zalzed sustia imis gamo, rom isini SuaSreebis saxiT ganlagebulia naklebad wyalSemRwev alevritul
62
fenebs Soris da realuri wyalSemcveli fenis ararsebobis gamoc. Tumca, wylis swraf adgilobriv Semodinebas SeiZleba, mohyves wvrilmarcvlovani masalis dagroveba.
pk 1+280 – pk 2+340 geologia mocemul ubanze gvirabis eqskavacia moxdeba
vulkanoklastur breqCiebSi. rRvevis zonebis arseboba mosalodneli ar aris. savaraudod, qans unda hqondes erTgvarovani da psevdo-izotropuli maxasiaTeblebi, xolo Sreobrioba uxeSi da mxolod sporadulad xiluli unda iyos. mocemul monakveTze Sreobrioba TandaTanobiT ixreba Crdilo-Crdilo-dasavleT cicabo daxrilobidan aRmosavleT-Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT zomieri daxrilobisken, xolo lokalurad TiTqmis horizontaluria.
geoteqnika savaraudoa, rom samTo masivis pirobebi gvirabis mTels monakveTze iqneba xelsayreli da ganekuTvneba RMR II klass. gvirabis gadaxurvis iSviaT adgilobriv arastabilurobas SeiZleba, adgili hqondes TiTqmis horizontaluri Sreobriobis mqone nawilSi (CrdiloeT seqtorSi) daSrevebis zedapiris gaswvriv sporaduli stratifragiuli anizotropiebis gamo.
hidrogeologia vulkanoklasturi beqCiebis danapralebis mcire simWidrovis gamo SeiZleba, vivaraudoT, rom mocemul seqtorSi nakadebis aqtiuri sistema ar arsebobs. Tumca, Txris samuSaoebi mainc iwarmoebs wyalgajerebis pirobebSi, magram mosalodnelia wylis mxolod wveTva (cvalebad da stabilur reJimSi).
pk 2+340 – pk 3+360 geologia gvirabis mocemul monakveTze mosalodnelia
porfirituli bazaltebisa da andezitebis arseboba. tufebis fenebis SuaSreebi mcire raodenobiT SeiZleba, Segvxvdes adgilobrivad, rac ganapirobebs qanis umniSvnelo anizotropias. Sreobrioba aqac TiTqmis horizontaluria an eSveba mcire kuTxiT aRmosavleT-Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT. rRvevebi mosalodneli ar aris, magram danapralebis saSualo simWidrove kvlavac SedarebiT maRalia.
geoteqnika samTo masivis saSualo pirobebi mocemul monakveTze sakmaod xelsayrelia da ZiriTad miekuTvneba RMR III klass. gvirabis gadaxurvis adgilobriv arastabilurobas SeiZleba, adgili hqondes daSrevebis zedapirebis gaswvriv sporaduli stratigrafiuli anizotropiebisa da TiTqmis horizontaluri fenebis arsebobis gamo.
hidrogeologia porfirituli bazaltebi da andezitebi warmoadgens hidrogeologiur kompleqss, romelic xasiaTdeba zomieri hidravlikuri gamtarobiT da romelTa SemTxvevaSic
63
napralovnebis sistemebTan SesaZloa, garkveuli kavSiri arsebobdes. amdenad, igi SesaZlo gawylovanebul fenas warmoadgens. mosalodnelia, rom mocemul kompleqsSi gvirabis eqskavaciisas adgili eqneba wyalgamovlinebas. napralovnebis savaraudo, SedarebiT erTgvarovani simWidrovis gamo savaraudoa, rom wyali ki ar dagrovdeba, aramed gaifanteba da gadaadgildeba gvirabis portalis mimdebared yoveli afeTqebisas. xangrZlivi, myari Semodineba savaraudod, mcire iqneba imis gamo, rom SedarebiT wyalSeRwevadi qanis mocemuli kompleqsi izolirebulia zemodan da qvemodan naklebad wyalSeRwevadi fenebiT.
pk 3+360 – pk 3+400 geologia gvirabma unda gadakveTos rRveva samTo masivis seqtorSi,
sadac sawyisi, deformirebuli qani warmodgenilia porfirituli bazaltebiTa da andezitebiT. miuxedavad amisa, deformaciis zonaSi ar aris gamoricxuli Sreebrivi vulkanitebisa da vulkanoklastitebis arseboba imis gamo, rom am qanebis liTologiuri zRvari Zalian uaxlovdeba gvirabis sagebi qanis imave maCvenebels. amdenad, mosalodnelia, rom mocemul ubanze samTo masivisTvis damaxasiaTebeli iqneba TiTqmis vertikaluri, axlo-axlo mdebare Zvris zedapirebi da ganSrevebebi. aseve, mosalodnelia fxvieri masalis (teqtonikuri breqCiebisa da ZarRviani Tixebis) ramdenime decimetridan metramde sisqis fenebis arseboba. mocemul monakveTze gvirabis marSruti Cascdeba wablaris nakadis gverdiTi Senakadis viwro xeobas. amis gamo topografiuli safari mcirea da udris 35-40 m-s. aRniSnuli mdgomareobis gamo SeiZleba, gaCndes imis safrTxe, rom gvirabis eqskavaciisas gadaikveTos meoTxeul aluviur naleqebs Soris arsebuli faruli SekavSirebebi, Tavze da rRvevis sagebi qanebi. amgvari viTareba savaraudod, seriozul problemebs Seqmnis eqskavaciis samuSaoebis warmoebisas, rogoricaa magaliTad, gadaxurvis CamoSla gamwovi milebis gaxsnisas. amis gamo Catarda gverdiTi Senakadis viwro xeobis specialuri seismuri kvlevebi gardatexili talRebis meTodiT. aluviuri naleqebis sisqe Zalzed mcire unda iyos, daaxloebiT 2-4 m (fena 1 kveTebSi). aluviuri naleqebis qvemoT arsebuli SedarebiT nakleb aqtiuri meore fena savarudod, warmoadgens Secvlil kristalur safuZvels. meore fenis qveda zRvari mdebareobs 8-18 m siRrmeze. amis gamo meoTxeuli aluviuri naleqebis sagebi qanis gadakveTa ar moxdeba samuSaoebis warmoebisas da gvirabi gaivlis SedarebiT gamoufitav (Tundac, darRveul) samTo masivSi.
geoteqnika rRvevis zonis mimarTuleba xelsayrelia, radgan igi
64
miemarTeba gvirabis RerZis TiTqmis perpendikularulad. miuxedavad amisa, geomeqanikuri pirobebi iqneba uaRresad araxelsayreli da Seesabameba RMR IV klass. maSinac ki, Tu seismuri kvlevebiT dadasturda, rom meoTxeul naleqebTan Sexeba ar aris mosalodneli eqskavaciis dros, gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom sagebi qanebi xasiaTdeba Zalian dabali meqanikuri TvisebebiT da gadaxurvis Camoqceva ar aris gamoricxuli, Tu ar iqna gamoyenebuli Sesaferisi sayrdenebi da eqskavaciis meTodebi. aRniSnuli safrTxe kidev ufro aSkaraa, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom rRvevis zona ukavSirdeba wylis SesaZlo modinebas.
hidrogeologia wylis SedarebiT maRali da gafantuli modineba mosalodnelia gvirabis kveTSi Crdilo-Crdilo-dasavleT – samxreT-samxreT-aRmosavleT (NNW-SSE) rRvevis gaswvriv hidrogeologiuri nakadis sistemis SesaZlo arsebobis gamo. aRniSnuli sistema SeiZleba, ikvebebodes gvirabis samxreT-samxreT-aRmosavleTiT mdebare vrceli ferdobidan. garda amisa, mosalodnelia wylis stabiluri modineba gvirabis eqskavaciidan garkveuli drois Semdeg, radgan rRveva savaraudod, urTierTkavSirSia mimdebare samTo masivTan, saidanac mas miewodeba gruntis wylis nakadebi.
pk 3+400 – pk 3+550 geologia gvirabis mocemul monakveTze mosalodnelia
porfirituli bazaltebisa da andezitebis arseboba. tufebis fenebis SuaSreebi mcire raodenobiT SeiZleba, Segvxvdes adgilobrivad, rac ganapirobebs qanis umniSvnelo anizotropias. Sreobrioba aqac TiTqmis horizontaluria an eSveba mcire kuTxiT aRmosavleT-Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT. rRvevebi mosalodneli ar aris, magram danapralebis saSualo simWidrove kvlavac SedarebiT maRalia.
geoteqnika samTo masivis saSualo pirobebi mocemul monakveTze sakmaod xelsayrelia da ZiriTad miekuTvneba RMR III klass. gvirabis gadaxurvis adgilobriv arastabilurobas SeiZleba, adgili hqondes daSrevebis zedapirebis gaswvriv sporaduli stratigrafiuli anizotropiebisa da TiTqmis horizontaluri fenebis arsebobis gamo.
hidrogeologia porfirituli bazaltebi da andezitebi warmoadgens hidrogeologiur kompleqss, romelic xasiaTdeba zomieri hidravlikuri gamtarobiT da romelTa SemTxvevaSic napralovnebis sistemebTan SesaZloa, garkveuli kavSiri arsebobdes. amdenad, igi SesaZlo gawylovanebul fenas warmoadgens. mosalodnelia, rom mocemul kompleqsSi gvirabis eqskavaciisas adgili eqneba wyalgamovlinebas. napralovnebis savaraudo, SedarebiT erTgvarovani simWidrovis gamo savaraudoa, rom wyali ki ar
65
dagrovdeba, aramed gaifanteba da gadaadgildeba gvirabis portalis mimdebared yoveli afeTqebisas. xangrZlivi, myari Semodineba savaraudod, mcire iqneba imis gamo, rom SedarebiT wyalSeRwevadi qanis mocemuli kompleqsi izolirebulia zemodan da qvemodan naklebad wyalSeRwevadi fenebiT.
pk 3+550 – pk 4+570 geologia mocemul ubanze geologiuri pirobebi araerTgvarovania,
rac gamowveulia rogorc liTostratigrafiuli, ise konstruqciuli pirobebiT. stratigrafiuli TvalsazrisiT, fiqsirdeba Sreebrivi vulkanitebis da vulkanoklastitebis rigi. amdenad, mosalodnelia qanis sisqis erTeulidan ramdenime metramde cvlilebebi. daSreveba iqneba TiTqmis horizontaluri an eSveba mcire kuTxiT samxreT-samxreT-dasavleTis mimarTulebiT. sazomi jaWviT gazomil daaxloebiT 3+775 m manZilze saWiro gaxdeba mcire rRvevis gadakveTa, ra SemTxvevaSic mosalodnelia daSveba saSualo kuTxiT CrdiloeTis mimarTulebiT. rRvevis mimdebared savaraudoa danapralebis maRali simWidrove da Txeli, fxvieri rRvevis qanebis (teqtonikuri breqCiebi da ZarRviani Tixebi) arseboba. dislokaciis zona - daaxloebiT 10-20 m farglebSi.
geoteqnika gvirabis mocemul monakveTze geomeqanikuri pirobebi iqneba rig SemTxvevaSi damakmayofilebeli da zogierT ubanze - SedarebiT araxelsayreli, rac ZiriTadad gamowveulia imiT, rom stratigrafiuli wyeba, romlis gadakveTac gaxdeba saWiro, dauSleli qanis meqanikuri Tvisebebis TvalsazrisiT Zlier araerTgvarovania, rac qmnis didi raodenobiT dacurebisa da gaxleCvis zedapirebis warmoqmnis albaTobas. samTo masivi umeteswilad, miekuTvneba RMR III klass. Tumca, sporaduli adgilobrivi Semcireba IV klasamde gamoricxuli ar aris. IV klasi SeiZleba, dominanturi iyos minimaluri topografiuli dafarvis zonebSi, sadac meteorologiuri cvlilebebi SesaZloa, ufro Zlieri iyos, rac aqveiTebs dauSleli qanis sawyis maxasiaTeblebs. samTo masivis xarisxis mniSvnelovani daqveiTeba mosalodnelia pk 3+775 monakveTis maxloblad samxreT-samxreT-dasavleTis mimarTulebis rRvevis gamo. nebismier SemTxvevaSi mocemuli rRvevis mimarTuleba gvirabis mimarTulebis mimarT xelsayrelia, radgan miemarTeba mis perpendikularulad. gvirabis mTels am monakveTze TiTqmis horizontaluri Sreobriobis gamo SesaZlebelia gvirabis gadaxurvidan filebis Camocvena.
hidrogeologia zogadad, Sreebrivi vulkanitebi da vulkanoklastitebi xasiaTdeba mcire wyalgamtarobiT. Tumca, lokalurad da
66
gansakuTrebiT bazalturi da andezituri Semadgenlobis fenebSi SeiZleba, adgili hqondes garkveul wyalgamtarobas. es fenebi SeiZleba, Seicavdes sustad SekavSirebul wylis mcire moculobebs. garda amisa, mcire topografiuli dafarvis gamo aseTi, lokalurad wyalgamtari fenebi problemas ar Seuqmnis Txris samuSaoebs. mosalodnelia wylis mcire modinebebis xSiri da gafantuli gamovlineba. wylis es modinebebi swrafad unda Semcirdes da stabilur pirobebSi mocemuli zonidan wylis mxolod umniSvnelo gamosavlebia mosalodneli. erTaderT gamonakliss SeiZleba, SevxvdeT pk 3+775 m monakveTze mcire rRvevis zonaSi eqskavaciisas. am seqtorSi SesaZloa wylis ucabedi modinebebi rRvevis wyvetis zonaSi pirveli SeRwevisas. wylis gamodineba gvirabis an nawilidan TandaTanobiT unda Semcirdes.
pk 4+570 – gvirabis CrdiloeT portali geologia mocemul ubanze gvirabis eqskavacia iwarmoebs tufebSi.
rRvevis zonebi mosalodneli ar aris. qans aqvs erTgvarovani da psevdo-izotropuli maxasiaTeblebi, xolo Sreobrioba uxeSi da mxolod sporadulad aris xiluli. miuxedavad amisa, savaraudoa wvrilmarcvlovani alevrituli qanis tipis adgilobrivi fenebis arseboba. mocemul ganfenilobaze Sreobrioba kvlavac TiTqmis horizontaluria aTeuli metris talRobriobiT, rac ukavSirdeba samxreTidan CrdiloeT mimarTulebiT mdebareobis cvlilebebs mcire kuTxiT.
geoteqnika samTo masivis mosalodneli xarisxi rig SemTxvevebSi aris kargi da zog ubanzec - damakmayofilebeli danapralebis dabali saSualo simWidrovis gamo. dominirebs RMR II klasis pirobebi. Tumca, mosalodnelia RMR III klasisTvis damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebebis gaZliereba mcire topografiuli dafarvis mqone ubanze. mTeli am monakveTis gaswvriv Sreobriobis TiTqmis horizontaluri mdebareobis gamo mosalodnelia gvirabis gadaxurvidan filebis lokalurad Camocvena alevrituli SuaSreebis SemTxvevaSi. samTo masivis pirobebi samxreT portalTan BH-02 WaburRilis Sedegebis Tanaxmad, iqneba kargi an damakmayofilebeli. RQD (qanis rRvevis maCvenebeli) mocemul WaburRilSi TiTqmis yvelgan 70-ze metia, rac sustad danapralebuli qanebis arsebobaze miuTiTebs.
hidrogeologia tufebi xasiaTdeba mcire wyalgamtarobiT da amdenad, mocemul qanebSi wylis mniSvnelovani gamosavlebi mosalodneli ar aris.
67
kaSxali da sxva wyalamRebi nagebobebi
geo
morfologia
kaSxali mdebareobs zonaSi, sadac wablaris xeoba viwrovdeba patara Walis qvemoT. xeobis kveTis Semcireba ukavSirdeba aluviuri maraos arsebobas, romelic gamomuSavebulia wablaris gverdiTi SenakadiT marcxena hidrografiul mxares. am Senakadis momatebuli myari natanis transportirebam gamoiwvia wablaris Semofargvla xeobis marjvniv. amdenad, ganivi kveTi, sadac ganTavsdeba kaSxali, hyofs wablaris xeobas or nawilad, romlebsac urTierTgansxvavebuli geomorfologiuri maxasiaTeblebi aqvT. ubani kaSxlis zeda biefSi warmoadgens mcire zomis Walas, sadac mdinare daqselilia da kargad Cans mdinaris ramdenime damSrali kalapoti marcxena hidrografiul mxares. amdenad, am ubanze mdinare xasiaTdeba daleqvisa da kalapotis Secvlis tendenciiT. kaSxlis qveda biefSi mdinaris kalapotis daxra izrdeba da mdinaris nakadi Rrmaa. marcxena mxares igi gadakveTs maraos aluviur naleqebs, romelic kavSirSia gverdiT SenakadTan, xolo marjvena mxares recxavs winameoTxeul sageb qanebs, romlebTan SexebaSic igi modis gverdiTi Senakadis myari natanisa da danaleqebis transportirebis gamo. mdinaris napirebi mocemul monakveTze stabiluria. xeobis marjvena ferdobis fuZesTan mdinaris uwyveti eroziiT gamowveuli adrindeli arastabilurobis garkveuli niSnebi SeimCneva zonaSi, sadac kaSxali CaRrmavebulia. am seqtorze daikvirveba sagebi qanebis lodebis mcire CamoSliT gamowveuli masivis mcocavi naleqi, Tumca es naleqi amJamad stabilur mdgomareobaSia da narCeni an mosalodneli moZraobis raime niSani ar SeimCneva. ferdobebi xeobis fskers zemoT cicabo, magram mdgradia da aqtiuri an umoqmedo mewyeris niSnebi ar SeimCneva kaSxlis arc zeda da arc qveda biefSi.
geo
logia
kaSxali ZiriTadad ganTavsdeba aluviur naleqebze. kaSxlis qveda biefSi stratigrafiuli maxasiaTeblebi ganisazRvra gardatexis talRebis seismuri meTodiT miRebuli ori profilis daxmarebiT. aRniSnuli kvlevebis Tanaxmad, aluviuri naleqebis simZlavre kaSxlis RerZul nawils qvemoT aris daaxloebiT 15-20 m. aluviuri naleqis sisqis mciredi Semcireba 12-15 m-mde seismuri profilebiT fiqsirdeba kaSxlis marcxena frTaze. amis sapirispirod, naleqebis simZlavre marjvena frTis qveS mkveTrad mcirdeba, rac dasturdeba sagebi qanis gamovlinebiT uSualod kaSxlis qveda biefSi. kaSxlis marjvena frTis gamorCeul maxasiaTebels warmoadgens isic, rom igi unda daefuZnos ara aluviur naleqebs, aramed kldovan naleqebs, romlebic ukavSirdeba dastabilurebul qvaTacvenas. es Txeli naleqebi uSualod fundamentzea ganlagebuli da ganivi kontaqtiT ukavSirdeba aluviur naleqebs. saleqari da sxva ZiriTadi danadgarebi wyalmimRebis ubanze wablaris marcxena mxares daefuZneba 12-15 m sisqis aluviur naleqebs da uSualod daeyrdnoba winameoTxeul fundaments.
68
geo
teqni
ka
wina geologiuri aRwerilobis Tanaxmad, kaSxlis ubanze yvela konstruqcia ZiriTadad daefuZneba aluviur naleqebs. mocemul ubanze es naleqebi yvela SemTxvevaSi Sedgeba dominanturi ramdenimetriani lodebisgan mcire RorRovan dedaqanSi. wablaris marcxena napirze naleqebi adgilobrivad aris xelmeored damuSavebuli gzis magistralis gayvanisa da mocemul raionSi turistuli kurortis mowyobis mizniT. zogadad, am naleqebis geoteqnikuri Tvisebebi, romlebic Sedgeba araSekruli masalisgan xaxunis gazrdili kuTxiT (40-45°), xelsayreli iqneba. maTi tengamtaroba meryeobs 1x10
-2 – 1x10
-4 farglebSi. mosalodnelia zomieri anizotropia, minimaluri vertikaluri tengamtarobiT da maqsimaluri horizontaluri tengamtarobiT. aRniSnuli ZiriTadad gamowveulia Txeli qviSiani SuaSreebis SesaZlo arsebobiT, rac mcired amcirebs vertikalur tengamtarobas horozontalurTan SedarebiT. naleqebis zemoT gamofituli niadagis fena Zalzed Txelia da meryeobs 0-2 m diapazonSi. im lodnari naleqebis geoteqnikuri Tvisebebi, romlebic ageben marjvena kaSxlis frTis fundaments, Zlier msgavsia im aluviuri naleqebis geoteqnikuri Tvisebebisa an maTze ukeTesia, romlebic Sedgeba erTidan ramdenime metramde sisqis kuTxovani lodebisgan gaiSviaTebul RorRovan dedaqanSi. rac Sexeba aluviur naleqebs, savaraudod, es lodnari naleqebi aris Seukravi, xaxunis didi kuTxiT da maRali tengamtarobiT (1x10
-1 – 1x10
-3). savarudod, nagebobebis fundamentebi winameoTxeul qveda Sremde ar CaaRwevs, garda kaSxlis marjvena frTisa, sadac lodnari naleqebi Zalzed Txelia. am SemTxvevaSi mosalodnelia danapralebis zomieri simWidrovis mqone daSrevebuli vulkanoklastitebis arseboba, romlebsac ar gadakveTs seriozuli rRvevebi. Ria napralebi SeiZleba, arsebobdes sagebi qanebidan 2-3 m simaRleze gamofitvisa da wnevis relaqsaciis gamo.
eleqtrosadguri
geo
morfologia
eleqtrosadguri mdebareobs md. wablaris marjvena mxares, aluviur terasaze. terasa wablaris Tanamedrove kalapotsa da WalasTan SedarebiT ufro maRal niSnulze mdebareobs. eroziuli qarafi, romelic terasas hyofs mdinaris kalapotidan da Walidan, cvalebadi simaRlisaa. dasavleTiT, eleqtrosadguris zemoT qarafis simaRle 0,5-1,0 metria, xolo eleqtrosadguris doneze misi simaRle 2-4 metrs aRwevs. amdenad, Tu eleqtrosadguris aRmosavleT nawilSi wablaris marjvena napiri SedarebiT kargad aris gamagrebuli maRali qarafiT, dasavleT nawilSi, anu eleqtrosadguris zeda biefSi mdinare naklebad aris gamagrebuli da geomorfologiuri mdgomareoba iZleva mdinaris gadagdebis saSualebas wyaldidobis periodebSi. eleqtrosadguris samxreTiT aluviuri terasa sruldeba magistralis miwayrilTan. eleqtrosadguris ubnis ferdobebi mdgradia rogorc samxreTiT, ise CrdiloeTiT.
69
geo
logia
eleqtrosadguris terasa Sedgeba aluviuri naleqebisgan, romlebic eyrdnoba winameoTxeul qanebs, romlebic warmodgenilia tufebiT. aluviuri naleqebis sisqe Seswavlili iqna gardatexili talRebis seismuri meTodiT. naleqebis sisqe mcired icvleba xeobaSi gadaadgilebasTan erTad mdinaris gadaxveviT Seqmnili morfologiis gamo. nebismier SemTxvevaSi sisqe yovelTvis 10 m-ze naklebia. naleqebi ZiriTadad Sedgeba erTeuli santimetridan erTeul decimetramde diametris mqone momrgvalebuli kenWebisgan. mocemul ubanze erTidan ramdenime metris lodebi iSviaTia. dedaqani ZiriTadad RorRovania, qviSiani fraqciis mcire SemcvelobiT. wvrilmarcvlovani fenebis arseboba mosalodneli ar aris msxvilmarcvlovani qviSebis decimetramde zomis mcire fenebis arsebobis SemTxvevaSic ki.
geo
teqni
ka aluviuri masalis geoteqnikuri Tvisebebi damakmayofilebelia.
aluviuri masala warmodgenilia Seukravi naleqebiT xaxunis maRali kuTxiTa (40-45°) da didi tengamtarobiT (1x10
-2 – 1x10
-4 m/wm). maTi napralovneba normaluria mniSvnelovani rRvevebis gareSe. Ria napralebis arsebobasa da gamofitvas SeiZleba, adgili hqondes aluviur naleqebTan sakontaqto zedapiris pirveli 2-3 metrSi.
hidrogeo
logia aluviur naleqebSi, romlebic ageben eleqtrosadguris ubnis terasas,
savaraudod, arsebobs TavTxeli da aqtiuri nakadis sistema, romelic ikvebeba marjvena xeobis ferdobis gaswvriv infiltraciiT da wonasworobaSia wablarTan. udavoa, rom es nakadi ikvebeba meoTxeul naleqebSi arsebuli nakadis sistemiT. amdenad, SeiZleba, vivaraudoT, rom wylis sarke am naleqebSi mdebareobs nakadis odnav maRla, xolo wylis sarkis mosalodneli siRrme eleqtrosadguris ubanze winaswari gaTvlebiT udris 2-3 metrs.
geomorfologia. sakvlevi teritoria Sedis samxreT saqarTvelos zeganis zonaSi, romelic moicavs mTis xeobis tipis reliefs. regionSi zedapiris maformirebeli elementebis mixedviT gamoiyofa izolirebuli, eroziuli tipis reliefi, romelic iyofa or tipad:
rTuli reliefi – gamomuSavebuli Sua eocenis tufogenur qanebze. reliefis es tipi ganviTarebulia md. wablariswylis Sua dinebis xeobaSi, sadac gaivlis “wablaris hesi-2”-is saderivacio milsadeni;
saSualomTis, Zlier danawevrebuli reliefi SedarebiT momrgvalebuli TxemebiT, cocabi ferdobebiTa da Rrmad CaWrili V formis xeobebiT. es zona miekuTvneba mcire, meore rigis qedebs, romlebic gamodis axalcixe-imereTis qedis mTavari totidan da Sua eocenis gamomuSavebuli vulkanuri formaciebidan. nabostnebisa da dorRnaulis mTebis raionis erT-erTi mTavari Sto iyofa sam nawilad: dasavleT nawili warmoadgens qvagrZelas qeds absoluturi niSnulebiT (1632.6 m da 1535.3 m) da warmoadgens mdinareebis skurdulasa da wablariswylis wyalgamyofs; Sua ganStoeba aris md.md. skurdulasa da qurTas wyalgamyofi, xolo aRmosavleT ganStoeba warmoadgens md.md. xaniswylisa da kerSaveTis wyalgamyofs.
70
ganStoebis zemoxsenebuli sistema TandaTanobiT dabldeba CrdiloeTiT. am qedebis Txemebi sakmaod viwroa, siganiT daaxloebiT 100 m, Tumca yvela maTgani mrgvali formisaa. mTis ferdobebi ar aris cicabo. akumulaciuri reliefi, romelic warmodgenilia mdinaris Waliszeda terasebiT, SezRuduli gavrcelebiT xasiaTdeba da gxvdeba md.md. xaniswylisa da kerSaveTis im ubnebze, romlebic ar Sedis samuSao zonaSi. md. wablaris xeobis profili V formisaa, rac damaxasiaTebelia mdinarisaTvis. misi cicabo frTebi miuTiTebs imaze, rom masze savaraudod mimdinareobs swrafi eroziuli daRrmaveba. daRrmavebis procesi aseve dasturdeba sxvadasxva rigis narCeni aluviuri terasebiT, romlebic gavrcelebulia Tanamedrove xeobis fskeridan sxvadasxva siamRleze. xeobis qveda nawilSi md. xanis SesarTavTan, sof. wyalTaSua nawilobriv moqceulia aluviur terasaze, romelic amJamad mdebareobs 10-20 m simaRleze mdinaris kalapotidan. ufro zemoT igive mdgomareobaa sof. xevTan dakavSirebiT. kidev ufro zemoT, xeobis zeda nawilSi fiqsirdeba aluviuri terasebis mcire zomis mravalricxovani naSTebi mdinaris Tanamedrove kalapotidan 10-50 m simaRleze. yvela es terasa gadafarulia aluviuri naleqebiT, romelTa simZlavrec meryeobs ramdenime metridan 20-30 metramde. garda im ubnebisa, sadac fiqsirdeba terasebis fragmentebi, ferdobebis umetesoba xasiaTdeba cicabo daxrilobiTa da Rrma CaWriT ganivi, mcire zomis V formis xeobebiT. mTavari xeobis SesarTavTan es meoreuli xeobebi rogorc wesi, qmnian mcire maraosebur aparats. wablaris xeobaSi mniSvnelovani aqtiuri gravitaciuli movlenebis niSnebi ar daikvirveba; dafiqsirda didi zomis stabilur mdgomareobaSi myofi ramdenime mewyeri mxolod patara daba udabnos qvemoT, marjvena frTaze.
71
meoTxeuli naleqebi geomorfologiuri aRniSvnebi aRniSvnebi
anTropogenuli naleqebi
anTropogenuli qarafebi
wylis nakadis mimarTuleba
ferdobuli namsxvrevebi (axali): klasturi naleqebi, romelic Sedgeba erTuli santimetridan erTeul decimetramde zomis, masiuri vulkanitebis kuTxovani namsxvrevebisgan RorRisa da qviSis iSviaTi SemcvelobiT an RorRisa da qviSis gareSe warmodgenil dedaqanSi
wylis nakadis terasebis aqtiuri qarafebi, romlebic jer kidev ganicdian eroziuli procesebis zemoqmedebas Cveulebrivi datborvis dros. Savad moniSnuli cifrebi aRniSnavs qarafis miaxloebiT simaRleebs.
mdinaris Zveli kalapotebis RerZuli mimarTuleba (2002 wlamde)
lodnari mewyeruli naleqebi (axali): klasturi naleqebi, romelic Sedgeba erTuli santimetridan aTeul metramde zomis lodebisgan RorRisa da qviSis iSviaTi SemcvelobiT an RorRisa da qviSis gareSe warmodgenil dedaqanSi.
wylis nakadis terasebis gaaqtiurebadi qarafebi, romlebzec gavlenas ar axdens erozia garda gansakuTrebuli datborvis SemTxvevaSi. Savad moniSnuli cifrebi aRniSnavs qarafis miaxloebiT simaRleebs.
fenebis ganlageba
aluviuri naleqebi (holoceni): momrgvalebuli formis, erTuli santimetridan erTeul decimetramde zomis, dominanturi masiuri vulkanuri qanebis klastebi (adgilobrivad ramdenimetriani lodebi) RorRovan da qviSian dedaqanSi; pedogenezis zomieri zemoqmedebis qveS: a) dominanturi erTeuli metridan erTeul decimetramde lodebi.
stabiluri nakadis terasebis qarafebi, romlebzec gavlenas ar axdens eroziuli procesebi.
struqturul-geologiuri/geomeqanikuri gazomvebis ubnebi
winameoTxeuli fundamenti uZraobaSi myofi mewyerebis qarafebi
seismuri gardatexis talRebi kvlevis mizniT
daSrevebuli vulkanoklastitebi aluviuri marao dazianebuli sayrdeni kedeli
gabionebi
geologiuri kveTis kvali
sur. 29. geologiuri rukis nawili – wyalmimRebis ubani
72
meoTxeuli naleqebi winameoTxeuli fundamenti
anTropogenuli naleqebi
daSrevebuli vulkanoklastitebi
ferdobuli namsxvrevebi (axali): klasturi naleqebi, romelic Sedgeba erTeuli santimetridan erTeul decimetramde zomis, masiuri vulkanitebis dakuTxuli klastebisgan RorRisa da qviSis Semcvelobis dedaqanSi
lodnari mewyeruli naleqebi (axali): klasturi naleqebi, romelic Sedgeba erTeuli santimetridan aTeul metramde zomis lodebisgan RorRisa da qviSis iSviaTi SemcvelobiT an RorRisa da qviSis gareSe warmodgenil dedaqanSi.
aRniSvnebi
aluviuri naleqebi (holoceni): momrgvalebuli formis, erTeuli santimetridan erTeul decimetramde zomis, dominanturi masiuri vulkanuri qanebis klastebi (adgilobrivad ramdenimetriani lodebi) RorRovan da qviSian dedaqanSi; pedogenezis zomieri zemoqmedebis qveS. a) dominanturi, erTeulidan aTeul metramde zomis lodebi.
rRveva: a) aSkara; b) savaraudo
geomorfologiuri aRniSvnebi wylis nakadis mimarTuleba
anTropogenuli qarafebi wylis nakadi
wylis nakadis terasebis aqtiuri qarafebi, romlebic dRemde ganicdian eroziuli procesebis zemoqmedebas Cveulebrivi wyaldidobis dros. Savad moniSnuli cifrebi aRniSnavs qarafis miaxloebiT simaRleebs.
fenebis ganlageba
wylis nakadis terasebis gaaqtiurebadi qarafebi, romlebzec gavlenas ar axdens erozia, garda gansakuTrebuli wyaldidobis SemTxvevebisa. Savad moniSnuli cifrebi aRniSnavs qarafis miaxloebiT simaRleebs.
rRvevis ganlageba
aluviuri marao gazomvis ubnebi
WaburRili
sur. 30. geologiuri rukis nawili – samxreT portalis ubani
73
meoTxeuli naleqebi geomorfologiuri aRniSvnebi
anTropogenuli naleqebi: a) miRebuli ferdobuli namsxvrevebisgan; b) miRebuli aluviuri naleqebisgan.
anTropogenuli qarafebi
ferdobuli namsxvrevebi (axali): klasturi naleqebi, romelic Sedgeba erTeuli santimetridan erTeul decimetramde zomis, masiuri vulkanitebis kuTxovani namsxvrevebisgan RorRisa da qviSis Semcvelobis dedaqanSi
wylis nakadis terasebis aqtiuri qarafebi, romlebic dResac ganicdian eroziuli procesebis zemoqmedebas Cveulebrivi wyaldidobis dros. Savad moniSnuli cifrebi aRniSnavs qarafis miaxloebiT simaRleebs.
lodnari mewyeruli naleqebi (axali): klasturi naleqebi, romelic Sedgeba erTeuli santimetridan aTeul metramde zomis lodebisgan RorRisa da qviSis iSviaTi SemcvelobiT an RorRisa da qviSis gareSe warmodgenil dedaqanSi.
wylis nakadis terasebis gaaqtiurebadi qarafebi, romlebzec gavlenas ar axdens erozia, garda gansakuTrebuli wyaldidobebis SemTxvevaSi. Savad moniSnuli cifrebi aRniSnavs qarafis miaxloebiT simaRleebs.
aluviuri naleqebi (holoceni): momrgvalebuli formis, erTeuli santimetridan erTeul decimetramde zomis, dominanturi masiuri vulkanuri qanebis klastebi (adilobrivad ramdenimetriani lodebi) RorRovan da qviSiSian dedaqanSi; pedogenezis zomieri zemoqmedebis qveS.
aluviuri marao
winameoTxeuli fundamenti
daWaobebuli ubani
tufebi
aRniSvnebi
rRveva: a) aSkara; b) savaraudo
wylis nakadis mimarTuleba
wylis nakadis napirebi
fenebis ganlageba
rRvevis ganlageba
struqturul-geologiuri/geomeqanikuri gazomvebis ubnebi
nimuSebis aRebis ubnebi
seismuri kvlevis gardatexis talRebi
WaburRili
geologiuri kveTis kvali
sur. 31. geologiuri rukis nawili – eleqtrosadguris ubani
74
5.3. niadagi
saqarTvelo gamorCeulia niadagebis mravalferovnebiT. niadagebis gavrcelebuli tipebis Tvisebebis mixedviT gamoiyofa niadagis 3 ubani, qve-ubnebiT, zonebiTa da raionebiT. dasavleT saqarTveloSi gavrcelebulia niadagis Semdegi tipebi: I. mTaTaSorisi dablobebis qve-zona – dasavleT saqarTvelos eweri da Waobiani niadagebis zona:
kolxeTis dablobis dasavleT dablobi nawilis Waobiani niadagebis zona;
afzaxeTi-samegrelos eweri da aluviuri niadagebis zona; kolxeTis dablobis aRmosavleT regionis (imereTi) eweri da
aluviuri niadagebis zona; kolxeTis dablobis samxreT regionis (guria-aWara) eweri da
aluviuri niadagebis zona. II. didi kavkasionis qve-zona: 1. gorak-borcviani mTiswineTis wiTel- da yviTelmiwa niadagebis zona:
afxazeTis mTiswineTis yviTelmiwa da humusovan-karbonatuli niadagebis zona;
afxazeT-samegrelos winamTebis yviTel-, wiTel- da humusovan-karbonatuli niadagebis zona;
okribis dablobis wiTelmiwa niadagebis zona; imereTis mTebis humusovan-karbonatuli niadagebis zona.
2. mTa-tyis niadagebis zona:
didi kavkasionis samxreT ferdobis karstul-kirqvis zonis humusovan-karbonatuli niadagebis zona;
didi kavkasionis dasavleT regionis saSualo mTis zonis mTis nacrisferi da eweri niadagebis zona;
zemo imereTisa da suramis qedis nacrisferi, eweri da humusovan-karbonatuli niadagebis zona;
raWa-leCxumis humusovan-karbonatuli da tyis nacrisferi niadagebis zona.
3. mTa-mdelos niadagebis zona:
didi kavkasionis dasavleT nawilis maRalmTiani kristaluri masivis mTa-tyis dakordebuli, dakordebul-torfiani da yamiri niadagebis zona (afxazeTi, svaneTi);
samegrelo-raWis qedebis mTa-mdelos niadagebis zona (zemo imereTi). III. samxreT mTianeTis ganivi qedebis qve-zona - gorak-borcviani mTiswineTis wiTel- da yviTelmiwa niadagebis zona:
mesxeTis qedis CrdiloeT ferdobis yviTelmiwa, mTis nacrisferi da humusovan-karbonatuli niadagebis zona;
aWara-guriis gorak-borcviani mTiswineTis wiTelmiwa niadagebis zona;
75
mesxeTis qedis saSualo mTis zonis mTis nacrisferi niadagebis zona;
aWara-imereTisa da SavSeTis qedebis maRali mTis zonis mTa-mdelos dakordebuli da dakordebul-torfiani niadagebis zona.
saqarTvelos sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis daaxloebiT 33% (1 milioni heqtari) erodirebulia, saidanac 380,000 ha saxnavi miwaa, 570,000 ha saTibi da saZovrebia, xolo 87,000 ha Savi zRvis sanapiro zols warmoadgens. eroziuli procesebi saqarTveloSi gaZlierda ukanasknel wlebSi, rac gamowveulia klimatis cvlilebiTa da gaxSirebuli bunebrivi kataklizmebiT. SeimCneva niadagis nayofierebis sayovelTao Semcirebis tendencia, razec naTlad miuTiTebs yvela tipis niadagSi sakvebi nivTierebebisa da humusis mcire Semcveloba mTeli qveynis teritoriaze. soflis meurneobis saministros monacemebis Tanaxmad (2006 w.), qveynis sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis daaxloebiT 60% xasiaTdeba saSualo da dabali nayofierebiT. niadagis nayofierebis daqveiTebas aseve, xels uwyobs sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis araswori eqspluatacia, raSic Sedis gadaZoveba, intensiuri sasoflo-sameurneo saqmianoba da cicabo ferdobebis damuSaveba. damlaSebisa da damJavebis procesebi daaCqara mJavuri Semadgenlobis azotis sasuqebis gamoyenebam. tyeebis ukontrolo Cexvisa da Ria samTo samuSaoebis Sedegad daCqarda miwis degradaciis procesi. aseve, seriozul problemas warmoadgens infrastruqturis ganviTarebiTa da samSeneblo proeqtebis ganxorcielebiT gamowveuli produqtiuli niadagebis dakargva. niadagis ZiriTadi tipebi naCvenebia suraTze 32.
7 yavisferi 9 yavisferi-eweri 10
yviTel-yavisferi
17
yviTeli
sur. 32. niadagebis ruka – mSeneblobis raioni CvenTvis saintereso regionSi gavrcelebulia qromuli kambisolebi da alisolebi. niadagebis es tipebi qromul da laterizebul kambisolebTan, alisolebsa da kambisolebTan erTad farTodaa gavrcelebuli dasavleT
76
saqarTvelos subtropikul zonaSi. es niadagebi damaxasiaTebelia zemo imereTis mxarisTvis (vanis, xaragaulis, baRdaTis, saCxerisa da tyibulis municipalitetebi). qromuli kambisolebisa da alisolebis nawili “dafarulia” tyeebiT – ZiriTadad wablisa da rcxilis tyeebiT. regionSi Tavisufal farTobebs mosaxleoba amuSavebs (mohyavT subtropikuli kulturebi, yurZeni, xorbali da sxv.). humusis fena sqelia. niadagi mJavea (pH=5.0-5.5). yvelaze metad mJave humusovani fenebia. simJave mcirdeba siRrmis matebasTan erTad. 1 m siRrmemde humusis Semcveloba xSirad >1%-ia. azotis Semadgenlobac analogiuria. kaliumisa da magniumis Semcveloba mcirea. niadagi xasiaTdeba mZime Tixis meqanikuri TvisebebiT. niadagze dakvirvebebi Sewyda 2003 wels. Tumca, amJamad “garemos dacvis erovnulma saagentom” aRadgina laboratoriuli samuSaoebi TbilisSi niadagebSi pesticidebis, mZime liTonebisa da navTobproduqtebis Semcvelobis gasazomad. 2010 wels “garemos dacvis erovnulma saagentom” ganaaxla niadagis nimuSebis aRebis operaciebi rekreaciul zonebSi da samrewvelo ubnebis siaxloves (samuSaoebi daiwyo Tbilisidan, Semdeg gagrZelda – zestafonSi, rusTavSi, bolnisSi, quTaissa da baTumSi).
5.4. miwaTsargebloba da dasaxlebebi
5.4.1. komponentis aRweriloba
saqarTvelos teritoriaze arsebuli miwa iyofa or samarTlebriv kategoriad: sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwa (40%) da arasasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwa (60%). am ukanasknelSi Sedis saxelmwifo da municipaluri tyeebi (satyeo fondi), daculi teritoriebi, wyliT dafaruli miwa (wylis fondi), urbanuli da samrewvelo raionebi da miwa, romelzec gadis gzebi da ganlagebulia sxvadasxva infrastruqtura. sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwis saerTo farTobi qveynis masStabiT 3 milioni heqtarze metia da Seadgens qveynis mTliani teritoriis 43.5%-s. qveynis teritoriis 15% saxnavi miwebiTa da mravalwliani sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebiT aris warmodgenili, 28%-s ki warmoadgens saZovrebi da saTibebi. amJamad qveyanaSi kultivirebuli miwis TiTqmis mTeli farTobi provatizebulia. miwis daaxloebiT 1 milioni heqtari gadacemulia kerZo sakuTrebaSi, romlis 80% sasoflo-sameurneo miwebs warmoadgens. 6.6 milioni ha saxelmwifo miwis mxolod erTi-mesamedi aris sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis (ZiriTadad saZovrebi da saTibebi). saproeqto ubani mdebareobs imereTis raionis baRdaTis municipalitetSi. municipalitetis saerTo farTobi Seadgens 815 km2-s. municipalitetis teritoriis daaxloebiT 65% tyiT aris dafaruli.
77
wifeli
wabli
naZvi, fiWvi
sur. 33. tyis tipi
mcenareuloba ZiriTadad foTolmcvenia. wiwvovani tyeebi ZiriTadad gavrcelebulia sairmes kurortTan axlos. tyeebi saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSia. wablaris wyalSemkrebi auzis zemoweli moqceulia alpur zonaSi, sadac gavrcelebulia alpuri mdeloebi. municipalitetis teritoriaze arsebuli sasoflo-sameurneo miwis saerTo farTobi 19,089 heqtaria. aqedan 6,279 ha kerZo sakuTrebaSia, xolo 12,810 ha saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSia. raionSi ZiriTad sasoflo-sameurneo saqmianobaa mevenaxeoba da meRvineoba, mebostneoba da mecxoveleoba. sasoflo-sameurneo nakveTebi warmodgenilia baRebiT, xexiliT, venaxebiTa da simindis yanebiT. saproeqto ubani naklebad aris aTvisebuli. saproeqto ubanze arsebuli miwa ar aris damuSavebuli. saproeqto ubanTan yvelaze axlos mdebare dasaxlebaa sairme. wyalmimRebi aigeba udabnos balneologiur-samkurnalo kurortTan axlos. mdinaris monakveTi, romelzec mimdinareobs samuSaoebi, mocemulia qvemoT, suraTze.
78
sur. 34. saproeto ubnis mdebareoba uaxloes dasaxlebul punqtebTan
mimarTebaSi wyalmimRebis ubanze registrirebulia miwis 14 nakveTi (sur. 35, meore mxare). registrirebuli nakveTebi wiTladaa moniSnuli. miwebis mesakuTrea Sps “sairmes kurorti”. miwis nakveTebi naCvenebia qvemoT: said. kodi
saerTo farTobi, m2 Senobebi/nagebobebi
301832007 48 ara 301832008 36 ara 301832010 5235 erTi (savaWro centri =389.7 m2)
301832011 7200 xuTi (#1 – 3331 m2; #2 - 1285.6 m2; #3 - 948 m2; #4 - 32.3 m2; #5 - 50 m2).
301832013 1428 ara 301832014 381 ara 301832015 694 ara 301832016 10266 ara 301831066 450 erTi (savaWro centri = 72 m2)
301831074 6350 xuTi (#1 – 1571; #2 – 126; #3 – 36; #4 – 12; #5 – 250) 312121013 83966 ara 312121006 252 ara 312121007 694 ara 312121009 1135 ara
erTaderTi farTobi, romelzec proeqti moaxdebs droebiT zemoqmedebas, aris nakveTi # 312121009.
79
sur. 35. miwis registrirebuli nakveTebi wyalmimRebis ubanze
80
5.5. zedapiruli wylis hidrologia
mdinare wablariswyali md. xaniswylis marcxena Senakadia. igi saTaves iRebs aWara-imereTis qedis CrdiloeT kalTebze, 2200 metris simaRleze arsebuli wyarodan da erTvis mdinare xaniswyals marcxena mxridan sof. wablarasxevTan. mdinaris sigrZea 29 km, saerTo vardna 2058 m, saSualo
qanobi 71,0 ‰, wyalSemkrebi auzis farTobi 230 km2, auzis saSualo simaRle
ki 1600 metria. mdinaris hidrografiuli qseli Sedgeba mcire Senakadebisgan, romelTa jamuri sigrZe 102 km-ia. mdinaris auzs gaaCnia msxlisebri forma da mimarTulia samxreTidan CrdiloeTisken 30 km-ze. auzis saSualo sigane 7-8 km-ia.
sur. 36. xaniswylis wyalgamyofis ruka
auzi xasiaTdeba Zlier danawevrebuli mTiani reliefiT. aq mdinarisa da Senakadebis xeobebi viwro da Rrmad CaWrilia. cicabo ferdobebi calkeul adgilebze vertikaluri da gaSiSvlebulia. mdinaris xeoba mTel sigrZeze V-es formisaa. misi fskeris sigane, romelic mTlianad dakavebulia mdinaris nakadiT, icvleba 5-dan 20 m-mde. mdinaris terasebi gvxvdeba kurort sairmes qvemoT SesarTavamde. terasebis sigane 40-100 metri, sigrZe 150-200 metri, simaRle ki 3-7 metria. mdinares umniSvnelo Wala gaaCnia mxolod SesarTavTan. mdinaris kalapoti zomierad klaknili da ZiriTadad dautotavia. mdinaris nakadi mTel sigrZeze mTis mdinaris
81
xasiaTs atarebs. nakadis sigane 4-16 metri, siRrme 0,3-1,0 metri, siCqare ki 1,6-0,8 m/wm-ia. mdinare sazrdoobs Tovlis, wvimisa da gruntis wylebiT. misi wylianobis reJimi xasaTdeba gazafxulis wyaldidobiT, Semodgomis wyalmovardnebiT da zafxulisa da zamTris aramdgradi wyalmcirobiT. moklevadiani yinulovani movlenebi wanapirebis saxiT fiqsirdeba mxolod ianvarSi da TebervalSi. wyalmcirobis periodSi mdinaris wyali sufTa, gamWvirvale da sasmelad vargisia. mdinare samewarmeo saqmianobaSi ar gamoiyeneba. md. wablariswylis hidrologiuri maxasiaTeblebi, hidrologiuri kvlevis angariSze dayrdnobiT mocemulia qvemoT.
saSualo wliuri xarji
cxrili 14. mdinare wablariswylis saSualo wliuri xarjebi m3/wm-Si
F wyalSemkrebi auzis farTobia;
0Q xarjebis saSualo mravalwliuri sididea;
Cv variaciis koeficientia; Cs asimetriis koeficientis sididea; K analogidan saproeqto kveTebSi gadamyvani koeficentebia. md. wablariswylis 85%-iani uzrunvelyofis Sidawliuri ganawileba gaangariSebulia saSualo wliuri xarjis Sidawliuri ganawilebiT. saproeqto uzrunvelyofis saSualo wliuri xarjis Sidawliuri ganawileba saproeqto kveTebSi mocemulia #15 cxrilSi. iqve mocemulia mdinaris sanitaruli xarjis sidide (rac tolia wyalaRebis kveTSi mdinaris saSualo mravalwliuri xarjis 10%-is) da Hhesis mier asaRebi wylis raodenoba mdinareSi sanitaruli xarjis datovebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
cxrili 15. mdinare wablariswylis 85%-iani uzrunvelyofis saSualo
wliuri xarjebis Sidawliuri ganawileba saproeqto kveTSi xarji I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII weli
saS. Tviuri saTaveSi
1.6 1.88 4.01 10.2 10.2 6.33 2.87 2.44 2.16 2.94 3.12 2.26 4.18
sanitaruli xarji
0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48
gadagdebuli nakadi
1.16 1.40 3.53 9.72 9.72 5.85 2.39 1.96 1.68 2.46 2.64 1.78 3.70
kveTi F km2
0Q m3/wm
VC SC K uzrunvelyofa, P % 10 25 50 75 80 85 90
analogi 102 3,15 0,22 0,220 _ 3,97 3,56 3,13 2,88 2,80 2,75 2,68 wablaris
hesi-2 172 4,35 _ _ 1,519 6,03 5,41 4,75 4,37 4,25 4,18 4,07
82
cxrili 16. mdinare wablariswylis 10%, 50%, 75%, 85% da 90%-iani
uzrunvelyofis saSualo wliuri xarjebis Sidawliuri ganawileba #2 saproeqto kveTSi
xarji I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Year 10% uzrunvelyofa saS. Tviuri saTaveSi
2.37 2.71 5.78 14.7 14.9 9.15 4.14 3.52 3.11 4.24 4.50 3.26 6.03
sanitaruli 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 gadagdebuli nakadi
1.89 2.23 5.3 14.2 14.4 8.67 3.66 3.04 2.63 3.76 4.02 2.78 5.55
50% uzrunvelyofa saS. Tviuri saTaveSi
1.87 2.13 4.55 11.6 11.7 7.21 3.26 2.77 2.45 3.34 3.54 2.57 4.75
sanitaruli 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 gadagdebuli nakadi
1.39 1.65 4.07 11.1 11.2 6.73 2.78 2.29 1.97 2.86 3.06 2.09 4.27
75% uzrunvelyofa saS. Tviuri saTaveSi
1.72 1.96 4.19 10.7 10.8 6.63 3.00 2.55 2.25 3.07 3.26 2.36 4.37
sanitaruli 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 gadagdebuli nakadi
1.24 1.48 3.71 10.2 10.3 6.15 2.52 2.07 1.77 2.59 2.78 1.88 3.89
85% uzrunvelyofa saS. Tviuri saTaveSi
1.64 1.88 4.01 10.2 10.2 6.33 2.87 2.44 2.16 2.94 3.12 2.26 4.18
sanitaruli 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 gadagdebuli nakadi
1.16 1.40 3.53 9.72 9.72 5.85 2.39 1.96 1.68 2.46 2.64 1.78 3.70
90% uzrunvelyofa saS. Tviuri saTaveSi
1.60 1.83 3.90 9.93 9.93 6.16 2.79 2.38 2.10 2.86 3.04 2.20 4.07
sanitaruli 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 gadagdebuli nakadi
1.12 1.35 3.42 9.45 9.45 5.68 2.31 1.90 1.62 2.38 2.56 1.72 3.59
maqsimaluri xarji md. wablariswylis sxvadasxva uzrunvelyofis maqsimaluri xarjebi analigisa da saproeqto kveTebSi mocemulia qvemoT, cxrilSi #17.
cxrili 17. mdinare wablariswylis maqsimaluri xarjebi m3/wm-Si
kveTi F km2
0Q m3/wm
VC SC K uzrunvelyofa, P % 0.1 0.5 1 3 5 10 20
analogi 102 15.1 0,27 1,08 _ 35.3 30.0 27.7 24.3 22.6 20.4 18.1 wablaris
hesi-2 172 19.6 - - 1.298 45.8 38.9 36.0 31.5 29.3 26.5 23.5
83
empiriuli formulebis gamoyenebiT gamoTvlili wylis maqsimaluri xarjebis saangariSo sidideebi saproeqto kveTebSi:
cxrili 18. mdinare wablariswylis wylis maqsimaluri xarji
kveTi F
km2 uzrunvelyofa, P %
0.1 0.5 1 3 5 10 20 wablaris hesi-2 172 260 210 180 140 125 105 85
wylis minimaluri xarji. md. wablariswylis wylis minimaluri xarjis saSualo mravalwliani sidide Seadgens 0.55 km3/wm-s.
cxrili 19. mdinare wablariswylis wylis minimaluri xarjebi m3/wm-Si
myari Camonadeni mdinareebis wablariswylisa da Kxaniswyalis myari Camonadeni saproeqto kveTebSi dadgenilia meTodiT, romelic mocemulia hidrologiur cnobarSi «ssr kavSiris zedapiruli wylis resursebi», tomi IX, gamoSveba I. saproeqto kveTebSi md. wablariswylis myari Camonadenis saangariSod saWiro parametrebi mocemulia cxrilSi 20. cxrili 20. mdinare wablariswylis myari Camonadeni saproeqto kveTSi
saTave nagebobis #
0Q m3/wm
i auzis
gr/m3
0R kg/wm
W tona/ weli
IW tona/ weli
#2 4.35 0.398 252 1.10 34650 48500
sadac i mdinaris wyalSemkrebi auzis qanobia saproeqto kveTebamde, romlis mniSvneloba ganisazRvreba topografiuli rukidan. simRvrivea.
0R myari xarjis saSualo mravalwliuri sididea.
W myari xarjis saSualo mravalwliuri Camonadenia.
IW myari xarjisa da fskeruli natanis wliuri Camonadenia. fskeruli natani SesaZlebelia aRebuli iqnes myari xarjis 40%-is toli.
kveTi F km2
0Q m3/wm
VC SC K uzrunvelyofa, P % 75 80 85 90 95 97 99
analogi 102 0.55 0,25 0,50 _ 0.38 0.35 0.31 0.28 0.23 0.20 0.15 wablaris hesi-2
172 0.84 _ _ 1,519 0.58 0.53 0.47 0.42 0.35 0.30 0.23
84
wylis xarisxi ukanasknel aTwleulebSi Catarebuli kvlevebis Tanaxmad, zedapiruli wylis xarisxi kveTebis umetes nawilSi aradamakmayofilebelia, ris mTavar mizezsac gauwmendavi municipaluri Camdinare wylis gadagdeba warmoadgens. aseT Camdinare wylebTan erTad wyalsatevebSi xvdeba didi raodenobiT sakvebi nivTierebebi, rac mikroorganizmebis zrdasa da evtrifikacias uwyobs xels da aseve, iwvevs wyalSi gaxsnili Jangbadis Semcirebas, ramac SeiZleba, seriozuli ziani miayenos wylis ekosistemebs. Tumca, saqarTvelos mdinareebis nakadebis didi siswrafisa da wylis dabali temperaturis gamo movlenebis amgvari ganviTareba ar SeiniSneba. wylis xarisxi damokidebulia mis adgilmdebareobaze. kolxeTis dablobze gamdinare mdinareebis mTavar damabinZurebels warmoadgens sasoflo-sameurneo da urbanuli Camdinare wylebi. kolxeTis dablobi cnobilia, rogorc saqarTvelos sasoflo-sameurneo da mesaqonleobis regioni, romlis teritoriac mWidrodaa dasaxlebuli xeobis gaswvriv. Sesabamisad, ZiriTad damabinZurebels azotis Semcveli naerTebi warmoadgens. nitratebis wyaroa sasoflo-sameurneo sasuqebi, romelTa gamoyenebac iwvevs nitratebis Semcvelobis zrdas mdinareSi sasoflo-sameurneo saqmianobis periodSi. sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg saqarTvelos zedapiruli wylebis dabinZurebis xarisxi Semcirda, rac gamowveuli iyo samrewvelo warmoebisa da masTan dakavSirebuli Camdinare wylebis mkveTri SemcirebiT. aRniSnuls SeiZleba, gamoewvia wylis xarisxis droebiTi gaumjobeseba, Tumca meores mxriv, Camdinare wylebis gamwmendi nagebobebis didi nawilis gaCerebisa da dabali warmadobiT muSaobis gamo mosalodneli gaumjobeseba ar damdgara. am ukanaskneli problemas gamo dResac ki zedapiruli wylis obieqtebSi didi raodenobiT Caedineba gauwmendavi Camdinare wylebi. saqarTvelos zedapiruli mtknari wylis monitorings awarmoebs “garemos dacvis erovnuli saagento”. warmoebs 22 mdinaris monitoringi 39 ubanze da paliastomis tbis erT ubanze. wylis nimuSebis aReba xdeba yovelTviurad. nimuSebi mowmdeba 33 sxvadasxva parametrze. qvemoT moyvanilia CvenTvis saintereso regionSi arsebuli dakvirvebis sadgurebis CamonaTvali. departamentis oficialur veb-gverdze gamoqveynebuli monacemebis Tanaxmad, sadgurebma muSaoba SeaCeres 2002 wels. saproeqto ubanze dakvirvebis postebi ar aris.
cxrili 21. wylis xarisxis monitoringis saguSagoebi dakvirvebis ubani mdinareze
mdebareoba Canaweris gakeTebis weli
statusi
rioni, quTaisi-1 0.5 km q. quTaiss zemoT 1983-2002 2
rioni, samtredia-1 samtrediaSi, 4.5 km oCapas SesarTavs zemoT 1983-2002 2
yvirila, WiaTura 12.6 km WiaTuras zemoT 1940-2002 2
yvirila, zestafoni 2.4 km q. zestafons zemoT, xidTan 1940-2002 2
Zirula, sof. civa 0.2 km civas qvemoT, 0.4 km rkinigzis xids zemoT 1973-2002 1
Cxerimela, orjonikiZe-1 0.16 km orjonikiZis zemoT, wylis sadgurTan axlos 1965-2002 1
tyibuli, tyibuli-1 tyibulSi, 50 m Saoris hidrosadgurs qvemoT 1967-2002 2
xaniswyali, maiakovski-1 50 m maiakovsks zemoT 1965-2002 1
ogaskura, quTaisi-1 quTaisSi, 3 km xids zemoT 1967-2002 2
gubiswyali, saTave 0.4 km saTavidan zemoT 1988-2002 1
85
rioni, saqoCakiZe saqoCakiZeSi, boranis doneze, wylis sadgurTan axlos
1938-2002 2
cxeniswyali, xidi xidSi, 0.5 km wylis nakadis Cadinebis adgils qvemoT
1967-2002 1
lagoba, samtredia-1 3.57 km samtredias zemoT 1988-2002 1
cxeniswyali, luji 1.6 km lurjs qvemoT, 138 km SesarTavs zemoT 1989-2002 1
SeniSvnebi: 1 – mimdinareobs nimuSebis regularulad aReba; 2 – ar funqcionirebs.
monitoringis Sedegebi cxadyofs, rom amiakis koncentracia saqarTvelos wylis obieqtebSi zogadad aRemateba adamianis janmrTelobisTvis usafrTxo normebs, xolo nitritebis ionebis koncentracia aWarbebs wyalSi Tevzebis sicocxlisaTvis usafrTxo dasaSveb normebs. unda aRiniSnos, rom saqarTveloSi Cqari mdinareebis arsebobis gamo zedamxedvelobis qveS arsebul yvela mdinareSi Jangbadis koncentracia sakmaod maRalia da akmayofilebs yvelaze sensitiuri Tevzis jiSebisTvis dadgenil usafrTxoebis moTxovnebs. SesaZloa, swored amis gamo saqarTveloSi wylis dabinZureba Tevzebis daRupvis mizezi arasdros gamxdara. sayofacxovrebo Camdinare wylebi mdinareebSi zrdis Jangbadis bioqimiuri moTxovnilebisa (BOD) da amiakis Semcvelobas. es maCveneblebi maRalia Cadinebis ubnebze, Semdeg ki TandaTanobiT ereva wyals da zavdeba. wylis nimuSebSi sxva iseTi ZiriTadi damabinZureblebi, rogoricaa zedapirul-aqtiuri nivTierebebi da saerTo naxSirwyalbadebi, aRmoCenili ar aris, rac niSnavs imas, rom proeqtis realizebisas gadasakveTi zedapiruli wylebi maRali saerTo xarisxiT gamoirCeva. CvenTvis saintereso ubanze wylis dabinZurebis erTaderTi SesaZlo wyaroa sairmes kurorti da masTan dakavSirebuli infrastruqtura. saproeqto hidroeleqtrosadguris ubnis zemo biefSi dasaxleba da sawarmo ar fiqsirdeba. savele monacemebi saqarTveloSi zedapiruli wylis xarisxisa da md. wablaris wyalgamyofis Sesaxeb Zalzed mwiria. ubanze dakvirvebisas (2012 wlis dekemberSi) mdinareze aRebuli iqna wylis nimuSi Sesamowmeblad.
maCvenebeli faqtobrivi mniSvneloba dasaSvebi zRvari saerTo azoti, mg/l 0.93 15 saerTo fosfori, mg/l <0.02 2 spilenZi, mg/l <0.005 1 TuTia, mg/l 0.014 1 nikeli, mg/l <0.005 0.1 kadmiumi, mg/l <0.001 0.001 tyvia, mg/l <0.01 0.01 marganeci, mg/l <0.02 0.1
dakvirvebis Sedegebze dayrdnobiT, Semowmebuli maCveneblebi mocemuli kategoriis zedapiruli wylis obieqtisTvis erovnuli kanonmdeblobiT dadgenil dasaSveb farglebSia.
5.6. hidrogeologia
saqarTvelos hidrogeologiuri daraionebis mixedviT, sakvlevi teritoria ekuTvnis saqarTvelos beltis kolxeTis auzebis forovani, napralovani da
86
napralovan-karstuli wylebis raions. ZiriTadi wyalSemcveli horizontebia: 1. meoTxeuli asakis aluviur-deluviuri naleqebis wyalSemcveli horizonti; 2. Sua da qveda miocenis wyalSemcveli horizonti; 3. paleocen-eocenuri asakis (paleogeni) naleqebis wyalSemcveli horizonti. meoTxeuli asakis aluviur-deluviuri naleqebis wyalSemcveli kompleqsis miwisqveSa wylebis gavrcelebis arealebi dakavSirebulia mdinareebis rionis, cxeniswylis, noRelas, texurisa da civas xeobebTan da mimdebare ferdobebTan. aluviuri naleqebi ZiriTadad warmodgenilia riyis qviT, kenWebiTa da TixiT. qimiuri Semadgenlobis mixedviT, wylebi hidrokarbonatuli-kalciumiani, hidrokarbonatuli-kalciumian-magmiumiani da kalciumian-natriumiania. wyaros debiti meryeobs 0.01-0.5 l/wm farglebSi. wylis temperaturaa 11-18°C. wyaroebi ikvebeba atmosferuli wyliT da amitom isini cvalebadi reJimiT xasiaTdebian.
sur. 37. hidrologiuri rukis fragmenti
deluviuri naleqebi ZiriTadad gavrcelebulia ferdobebze da xasiaTdebian gamofitvis Zlieri xarisxiT, amitom atmosferuli naleqebi maTSi advilad SeRwevadia da vrceldebian maT qveS mdebare wyalgaumtar horizontze, sadac xdeba maTi Tavmoyra, anda gamodian zedapirze wyaroebis saxiT. qimiuri SemadgenlobiT deluviur naleqebSi arsebuli wylebi hidrokarbonatul-sulfatur-kalciumian-magniumiania an hidrokarbonatul-kalciumian-magniumiani. aRwerili kompleqsis wyaroebi ZiriTadad xasiaTdebian sakmao didi debitebiT 0,2-0,7l/wamSi, Tumca zogierT maTgans gaaCnia dabali debitebi _ 0,01-0,04l/wamSi. wylis temperatura rogorc wesi meryeobs 10-18°C farglebSi. deluviuri naleqebi ikvebeba atmosferuli da karstuli wylebiT. Sua da qveda miocenis asakis naleqebis wyalSemcveli kompleqsis naleqebi ZiriTadad warmodgenilia TixebiT, alevritebiT, qviSaqvebiT, mergelebiT, ooliTuri da pelitomorfuli kirqvebiT, agreTve komglomeratis SuaSreebiT. sakvlev ubanze es naleqebi gadafarulia meoTxeuli naleqebiT. napralovan-forovani da napralovani wylebi cirkulireben miocenur
87
naleqebSi, romlebic warmodgenilia qviSaqvebiT, konglomeratebiTa da kirqvebiT. imis gamo, rom danapralianebis xarisxi sxvadasxva ubnaze sxvadasxvaa, maTi wyalSemcvelobac farTo diapazonSi meryeobs. qimiuri Semadgenlobis mixedviT, wylebi ZiriTadad hidrokarbonatul-sulfatur-kalciumiani an bikarbonatul-kalciumian-magniumiania. wyaroebis debiti meryeobs 0.02-0.1 l/wm farglebSi. wylis temperaturaa 10-18°C. aRniSnuli wyaSemcveli kompleqsis kveba ZiriTadad xdeba atmosferuli naleqebiT. wylebi xasiaTdebian kargi TvisebebiT da gamoiyeneba adgilobrivi mosaxleobis wyalmomaragebisaTvis. gruntis wylis done aluviur naleqebSi 1.4-2.2 m farglebSi meryeobs. Tumca, imis gamo, rom sakvlevi teritoria mdebareobs kolxeTis dablobze da kerZod, mdinareebisa da mdinareebis Walebis xeobebSi, gruntis wylebis done mniSvnelovnad icvleba sezonurad. wylis donis cvlilebam SeiZleba, daaxloebiT 2-3 m Seadginos. paleocen-eocenuri asakis (paleogeni) wyalSemcveli kompleqsis naleqebi liTologiurad warmodgenilia mergelebiT, margelovani qviSaqvebiT, mergelovani kirqvebiTa da pelitomorfuli kirqvebiT. aRniSnuli horizonti warmodgenilia ramdenime wyalSemcveli feniT _ karstuli, napralovan-karstuli da napralovan-Sreebrivi miwisqveSa wylebiT. napralovan-Sreebrivi wylebis formireba ZiriTadad dakavSirebulia paleocenis Tixovan da mergelovan kirqvebTan da eocenis mergelovan qviSaqvebTan. qimiuri Semadgenlobis mixedviT, aRniSnuli kompleqsis miwisqveSa wylebi sustad mineralizebulia, hidrokarbonatul-sulfatur-kalciumian-magniumiani an hidrokarbonatul-kalciumian-magniumiania. zog adgilze gruntis wyali gamoedineba 0.015-0.7 m/wm debitis mqone wyaroebis saxiT. wylis temperatura Seadgens 11-16°C-s. aRniSnuli kompleqsis miwisqveSa wylebis kveba ZiriTadad xdeba atmosferuli naleqebiT da nawilobriv, mdinareuli wylebiT. miwisqveSa wylis done – 1.20-3.50 m zedapiris donidan. gruntis wyali vargisia sasmelad. qalaqebSi gayvanilia wyalmomaragebis centraluri sistemebi. soflis mosaxleoba iyenebs Webs/wyaros wyals. Rrma gruntis wylebis wyaroebi xasiaTdeba arteziuli da naxevradarteziuli nakadebiT. hidrogeologia – xaniswyali da wablariswyali liTologiuri Semadgenlobis mixedviT, tufogenuri Sreebi ar xasiaTdeba miwisqveSa wylebis akumulirebisTvis xelsayreli TvisebebiT. unda aRiniSnos, rom tufogenuri qanebidan tufobreqCiebi da tufoqviSaqvebi ZiriTadad danapralebulia maTi araerTgvarovani Semadgenlobidan gamomdinare, magram ar qmnian calke wyalSemcvel horizontebs. naleqebis miwisqveSa wylebis kvebaSi wamyvan rols atmosferuli naleqebi TamaSoben. am naleqebis kvebis are mdebareobs alpur zonaSi, sadac zeganis dislocirebuli da danapralebuli zedapiri pirdapir SiSvldeba an gadafarulia deluviur-proluviuri naleqebiT, romlebic xSirad wylis rezervuaris funqcias asruleben.
88
wylis cirkulacia ZiriTadad ukavSirdeba napralebs, magram wylebi xSirad zedapirze gamodis gruntisa da deluviuri safaridan. rogorc wesi, am wyaroebis debiti Seadgens 0.05-0.5 l/wm-s, zogjer metsac. cicabo ferdobebisa da Zlier danawevrebuli reliefis gamo auzebi swrafad icleba. amdenad, tufogenuri plato ar Seicavs gruntis wylebis mniSvnelovan marags. Catarebuli analizebi cxadyofs, rom eocenur-vulkanogenuri qanebSi Semcveli wylebi sustad mineralizebulia; maTi sixiste meryeobs erTeuli gradusis farglebSi. Seicaven sulfatisa da qloris umniSvnelo raodenobas. qimiuri SemadgenlobiT, wylebi miekuTvnebian hidrokarbonatul-kalciumian-magniumian tips. wylis temperatura zafxulSi meryeobs 7-11°C farglebSi. deluviur-proluviuri naleqebis wylebi. es naleqebi sxvadasxva adgilze warmodgenilia Tixnari niadagebiT, Tixnar-RorRovani da kaWar-RorRovani masaliT. am naleqebis sifxvieris gamo isini xSir SemTxvevaSi wyalSemcvelia. wylis Semcveloba maTSi maRali ar aris da damokidebulia deluviur-proluviuri naleqebis ubnebze. naleqebi ZiriTadad ikvebeba atmosferuli naleqebiTa da orTqlis kondensirebis xarjze. am horizontebis kveba nawilobriv xdeba ZiriTadi qanebis napralovani wylebiT. deluviur-proluviur masaSi isini qmnian wyalSemcvel linzebs, romelTa gadakveTac mdinareTa kalapotebTan xdeba mdinaris saTaveebSi da gamoedineba 2-5 l/wm debitis mqone wyaros saxiT. xSirad daaxloebiT 0.05-0.3 l/wm debitis mqone wyaroebi zedapirze gamoedineba aseTi auzebidan. am wyaroebis debiti cvalebadia. eocenur qviSaqvebze an tufogenur naleqebze ganlagebuli deluviur-proluviuri naleqebis wylebi mtknari da sasmelad vargisia. sairmesa da udabnos mineraluri wylis sabadoebi sairmes mineraluri wylis sabado mdebareobs wablariswylisa da misi marjvena Senakadis, namarnevis, SesarTavSi sairmes kurortis teritoriaze. CrdiloeTidan da samxreTidan naleqebi SemosazRvrulia sairmes antiklinis gabro-monconitis plastebiT, xolo dasavleTidan da aRmosavleTidan – wablariswylisa da namarnevis xeobebis ferdobebiT. sabados sazRvrebi wablariswylis gaswvriv Seadgens 0.5 km-s. mineraluri wyali formirdeba Sua eocenis fenaSi maRali mTis ubanze, sabadodan samxreTiT. wyali formirdeba daaxloebiT 2000 m siRrmeze infiltraciuli mtknari wylis metamorfuli naxSirbadis dioqsidiTa da wyalSemcveli qanebidan gamotutuli elementebiT gamdidrebis Sedegad. Rrma fenaSi warmoqmnili natriumiT mdidari mineraluri wyali (borjomis tipis wyali) miwis zedapirze amoedineba sairmes kurortis teritoriaze. sanam miwis zedapirze amoaRwevs, aqtiuri wyalgacvlis zonaSi mas ereva mtknari miwisqveSa wyali da meoTxeuli naleqebi da sabolood viRebT sairmes mineralur wyals.
89
Tanamedrove aluviuri naleqebis wyalSemcveli fena
Sua eocenis vulkanogenur-danaleqi qanebis wyalSemcveli kompleqsi
sairmes gabro-monconitis plastebi
mineraluri wylis cirkulaciis zona
sur. 38. sairmes sabados hidrogeologiuri ruka sairmes mineraluri wylis gamosavlebi mdebareobs md. wablariswylis orive napirze, sairmes centrSi da narmanevis xeobebsa da mis marjvena SenakadSi – namarnevisxevSi.
90
udabno, romelic mdebareobs saproeqto ubanTan axlos, sairmedan 4 km-iT aris daSorebuli da mdebareobs sairmes antiklinis samxreT ferdobze. udabnos mineraluri wyali warmoadgens Termul, sustad sulfidur, sulfatur, hidrokarbonatul-karbonatul, kaJbadian, kalciumian-natriumian, tute mineralur wyals (mineralizaciiT 0.2-0.3 gr/m3, temperatura 43°C). wylis xarisxi gruntis wylebis mdgomareobaze zogadad, gavlenas axdens garemos saerTo mdgomareoba. gruntis wylebze gavlenas axdens niadagebis, zedapiruli wylebis, garemo temperaturisa da naleqebis ekologiuri xarisxi. ekologiuri damabinZurebeli nivTierebebi aRwevs gruntis wylebSi wylis mimoqcevis procesSi. niadagSi arsebuli damabinZurebeli nivTierebebi gruntis wyalSi xvdeba niadagSi CaJonil wvimis wyalTan erTad. miwisqveSa wylebSi aseve xvdeba damabinZurebeli nivTierebebi zedapiruli wylebidan. haerSi arsebuli damabinZureblebi, rogoricaa mtveri, ixsneba niadagze dadinebuli wvimis wylis zemoqmedebiT da wvimis wyalTan erTad CaiJoneba gruntis wylebSi. gruntis wylebis ekologiuri mdgomareoba didadaa damokidebuli wyalSemcveli fenebis pirobebsa da maTi daculobis xarisxze. me-20 saukunis ukanasknel aTwleulebSi agroqimiuri Sxam-qimikatebis intensiurma gamoyenebam gamoiwvia zedapiruli da gruntis wylebis nitratebiT, nitritebiTa da pesticidebiT dabinZureba. regionebSi, rogoricaa qvemo imereTi, mosaxleobis maRali simWidroviTa da wyalaRebisa da wyalmomaragebis masStaburi sistemiT, gamovlinda Rrma arteziuli wylebis dabinZurebis erTeuli SemTxvevebic. gruntis wylebis dabinZurebas ZiriTadad adgili aqvs iq, sadac gruntis wyali formirdeba mdinareTa inflitraciis Sedegad an sadac gruntis wylis wyalSemcveli fenis gadatvirTvisa da mis zemoT arsebuli qanis fenebis gamo gruntis wylebi nakleb daculia. aseTi wyalSemcveli fenebi Zalzed sensitiuria zedapiruli wylis xarisxis mimarT, radgan isini uSualo hidrologiur kavSirSi arian zedapirul wylebTan. amdenad, mniSvnelovania, rom sasmelad gamoyenebuli ubani gruntis wylebis wyaroebis garSemo iyos mkacrad daculi, radgan aseT ubnebze damabinZureblebis arsebobam SeiZleba, ara mxolod imoqmedos wylis xarisxsa da raodenobaze, aramed sxva usiamovno movlenebic gamoiwvios. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces saproeqto ubanze moqceul sairmes mineraluri wylebis sabados teritorias. wyali formirdeba TavTxel horizontSi da masze SeiZleba, gavlena moaxdinos md. wablariswylis xarjis cvlilebam. gruntis wylis maragisa da xarisxis monitorings saqarTvelos mraval regionSi xangrZlivi drois manZilze geologiis saxelmwifo departamenti awarmoebda. 2004 wels gruntis wylebis monitoringis saxelmwifo sistema, romelic moicavda dakvirvebis daaxloebiT 2,000 punqts, gauqmda. mas Semdeg wylis xarisxisa da raodenobis Sefaseba licenziis mflobelebis movaleobaa. 2008 wels resursebis saxelmwifo komisiam daamtkica qveyanaSi gruntis wylebis resursebis saxelmwifo balansi, xolo garemos erovnulma saagentom daiwyo gruntis wylebis eleqtronuli monacemTa bazis Seqmna.
91
5.7. haeris xarisxi
monacemebi saproeqto ubanze haeris xarisxis Sesaxeb Zalzed mwiria, Tumca imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom zemoqmedebis mniSvnelovani wyaroebis ar arsebobs, haeris xarisxi SeiZleba, damakmayofileblad CaiTvalos. biobliografiaSi (meterologiuri instruqcia) miTiTebulia kavSiri haeris xarisxsa da mosaxleobis raodenobas Soris.
cxrili 22. fonuri koncentraciis mniSvnelobebi mosaxleobis raodenobidan gamomdinare mosaxleoba (1,000 kaci)
fonuri koncentraciis mniSvnelobebi, mg/m3
azotis dioqsidi, NO2
gogirdis dioqsidi, SO2 mxuTavi airi, CO mtveri PM10
250-125 0.03 0.05 1.5 0.2
125-50 0.015 0.05 0.8 0.15
50-10 0.008 0.02 0.4 0.1
<10 0 0 0 0
haeris xarisxis monitoringis saxelmwifo programas axorcielebs garemos dacvis saministros garemos dacvis erovnuli saagento. haeris xarisxis gazomvebi warmoebs xuT qalaqSi mdebare Svid mzom sadgurze: TbilisSi, quTaisSi, baTumSi, zestafonsa da rusTavSi. am sadgurebidan sami moewyo 2009 wlis miwuruls da amdenad, winamdebare angariSSi warmodgenilia mxolod danarCeni oTxi sadguris monacemebi. haeris xarisxi izomeba dReSi samjer da mxolod samuSao dReebSi (nimuSebis aReba avtomatizirebuli ar aris). TbilisSi xdeba Semdegi damabinZurebeli nivTierebebis monitoringi: mtveri, azotis Jangi, azotisa da gogirdis dioqsidebi da tyvia; quTaisSi: mtveri, gogirdis dioqsidi, azotis Jangi da azotis dioqsidi; baTumSi: mtveri, azotisa da gogirdis dioqsidebi; zestafonSi: mtveri, azotis dioqsidi, gogirdis dioqsidi da marganecis dioqsidi. 2010 wels TbilisSi daiwyes miwis siaxloves atmosferul fenaSi ozonis Semcvelobis monitoringi, xolo azotis Jangis monitoringi daiwyo quTaissa da baTumSi. saproeqto ubanze haeris dabinZurebis samrewvelo wyaroebi ar arsebobs. sagzao transportis gamonabolqvi mcire satransporto nakadis gamo umniSvneloa.
5.8. xmauri da vibracia
saproeqto ubani mdebareobs soflad, samrewvelo xmaurisa da vibraciis yovelgvari wyarodan moSorebiT. satransporto moZraobiT gamowveuli xmauri saproeqto ubanze umniSvneloa da ZiriTadad gamowveulia sairmeSi turistebis nakadebiTa da sasoflo-sameurneo manqanebis moZraobiT.
5.9. bunebrivi safrTxeebi
bunebrivi katastrofebi zogadad, saqarTTveloSi farTomasStabiania da xasiaTdeba maRali sixSiriT saqarTvelos rTuli geologiuri da geografiuli pirobebidan gamomdinare. bunebrivi katastrofebis sixSire
92
ukanasknel wlebSi gaizarda, rasac miaweren klimatis globalur cvlilebasa da adamianis zemoqmedebas bunebaze, rogoricaa tyeebis gaCexva, saZovrebis gadaZoveba, miwis daniSnulebis Secvla Sesabamisi Sefasebis gareSe da sxv. zogadad, informacia geologiuri safrTxeebis Sesaxeb aiReba sacnobaro sainformacio wyaroebidan. saproeqto wyalgamyofisTvis damaxasiaTebelia datborva. cicabo ferdobebi, Rrma xeobebi da Tovlis dnobiT gamowveuli Camonadenebi, romelTac aZlierebs Tbili temperatura da intensiuri naleqebi, zrdis saproeqto da adgilobrivi teritoriis datborvis risks. sacnobaro monacemebis Tanaxmad, saproeqto ubani xasiaTdeba:
saSualo simZlavris mewyerebiT; Rvarcofis SezRuduli riskiT; WarbtenianobiTa da tenianobiT; zvavis dabali da saSualo riskiT.
wablaris saproeqto ubnis geologiisTvis damaxasiaTebelia is, rom igi kveTs sazRvars or teqtonikur zonas Soris: didi kavkasionis naoWa sistemasa (gagra-javis zona) da amierkavkasiis mTaTaSoris raions (azevebis centraluri zona) Soris. mocemuli teqtonikuri beltebis sazRvarze mdebareobis gamo saqarTvelos seismuri daraionebis mixedviT, saproeqto ubani ganekuTvneba saSiSroebis me-8 xarisxis zonas. wablaris ubnidan uaxloesi, udidesi seismurad aqtiuri ubania javaxeTis zegani, romelic xasiaTdeba yvelaze xSiri da Zlieri miwisZvrebiT saqarTveloSi, Tumca igi SemoTavazebuli ubnebidan mainc sakmarisad aris daSorebulia. Tumca, ukanasknel wlebSi vanis raionSi ramdenime mcire miwisZvra dafiqsirda (vanis raioni esazRvreba baRdaTis raions dasavleTidan), ramac uSualo zegavlena moaxdina wablaris ubnebze. kerZod, 2011 wlis 19 ianvris 5.7 magnitudis simZlavrisa da 7 balis intensiurobis miwisZvris epicentri, romelsac mohyva ramdenime biZgi, mdebareobda sairmedan 5-10 km manZilze da daaziana baRdaTi-sairmes saavtomobilo gza.
93
Zalian maRali
Zalian maRali
maRali
maRali
mniSvnelovani
mniSvnelovani
saSualo
saSualo
SezRuduli
SezRuduli
dabali
dabali
Zalian dabali
Zalian dabali
susti
riski ar arsebobs
sur. 39. miwisZvris riskis zonebi
sur. 40. Rvarcofis riskis zonebi
Warbteniani
teniani
Zalian maRali
zomierad notio
maRali
zomierad mSrali
zomieri
semiariduli
dabali
ariduli
riski ar arsebobs
gvalviani
sur. 41. gvalvisadmi midrekili raionebi sur. 42 zvavsaSiSroeba
94
sur. 43. seismuri ruka eleqtrosadguris aigeba 8-10 m saSualo simZlavris aluviur naleqebze. arsebuli monacemebiT, mocemuli raioni xasiaTdeba talRebis 130-170 m/wm S siCqareebiT (Vs) pirvel 1-2 m siRrmeze da 380-680 m/wm siCqariT sageb fenamde. pirveli fena warmodgenilia niadagiTa da gamofituli naleqebiT, xolo meore fena warmodgenilia gamoufitavi masaliT. sagebi qanebis Vs=1660 m/wm-s. gasaSualoebuli Vs ubanze tolia 820 m/wm-isa. Vs-Tvis gaTvaliswinebulia talRebis saSualo S siCqare fundamentis sagebidan pirvel 30 m siRrmeze da Sewonili sxvadasxva Vs mqone fenebis sisqis mixedviT. kaSxlis ubanze mdgomareoba analogiuria. aq, kaSxlis SuawertilSi aluviur naleqebis simZlavre SedarebiT didia da seismuri gardatexis talRebis meTodiT miRebuli profilebiT Sefasebis mixedviT, 15-20 metria. aluviuri naleqebis 2-4 m sisqis pirveli fenis Vs, romelic gamomuSavebulia mdinaris mier, udris 210-240 m/wm-s; aluviuri naleqebis meore fenis Vs, romelic ufro datkepnilia, udrus 630-690 m/wm-s. sagebi qanebis Vs=1870 m/wm. gasaSualoebuli Vs30 mocemul seqtorze, gamoTvlili pirveli fenis gareSe, romelsac ar aqvs kavSiri fundamentebTan, udris 730 m/wm-s. aseTi mdgomareobaa kaSxlis centralur nawilTan dakavSirebiT, magram frTebze mdgomareoba gansxvavebulia. marjvena frTaze meoTxeulis asakis naleqebi Zalian Txel fenad aris warmodgenili da SeiZleba, CaiTvalos, rom kaSxali efuZneba uSualod qanis sageb fenas. marcxena frTaze meoTxeuli naleqebi odnav Txelia (12-15 m). maTi Vs msgavsia kaSxlis centralur nawilSi arsebuli mniSvnelobebisa. pirveli, 2 m sisqis fenis Vs udris 160-210 m/wm-s, xolo meore fenis Vs meryeobs 750-990 m/wm farglebSi. sagebi qanebis siCareebi Seadgens 1910 m/wm-s. marcxena frTis
95
ubnis Vs30, gamoTvlili pirveli fenis gareSe, romelsac ar aqvs kavSiri fundamentebTan, udris 770 m/wm-s. kaSxlis fundamentis ubanze aluviuri naleqebis meore fenis Vs maRali mniSvnelobebi ucilobel ganmartebas saWiroebs. faqtiurad, 700-1000 m/wm mniSvnelobebi maRalia Cveulebrivi meoTxeulis naleqebisTvis. es SesaZloa, gamowveuli iyos imiT, rom kaSxlis ubanze aluviuri naleqebi Seicavs ramdenimetrian lodebs. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom seismuri monakveTebis sigrZe 45-50 metria, cxadia, rom 5 m-ze meti diametris mqone lodebis arseboba SeiZleba, mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdendes saSualo seismur siCqareze. amdenad, mocemuli naleqebisTvis yvelaze Sesaferisad SeiZleba, CaiTvalos Vs–is 700 m/wm-ze naklebi mniSvnelobebi (400-700 m/wm).
5.10. avtosatransporto moZraoba da infrastruqtura
sairmes kurortma funqcionireba 1930-ian wlebSi daiwyo. igi mdebareobs baRdadidan 27 km-Si da quTaisidan 55 km-Si. mocemuli raioni quTaiss ukavSirdeba abasTumani-axalcixis gziT. baRdaTisa da sairmes SemaerTebeli gza karg mdgomareobaSia. sairmedan uaxloesi sarkinigzo sadguri „rioni“ ubnidan 47 km-Si mdebareobs. kurorti, romelic popularul destinacias warmoadgenda sabWoTa periodSi, aRorZinebis fazaSia. kurortis ganaxleba daiwyo 2011 wels „sairmes ganviTarebis kompaniis“ iniciativiT (samuSaoebs asrulebs germanuli kompania „krafti“). garemontda Zveli sastumro da aSenda axali; reabilitirebulia WaburRilebi, kurortis infrastrutura da gzebi srulad rekonstruirebulia. teritoria keTilmoewyo da gamwvanda. kurortma daibruna Zveli popularoba da maspinZlobs turistebs TurqeTidan, samxreT kavkasiidan, ukrainidan da baltiis qveynebidan. msoflios Tanamedrove tendenciebis gaTvaliswinebiT, udavoa, rom sairmes kurorts mniSvnelovani ekonomikuri da sakurorto potenciali gaaCnia. adgilmdebareobis gaTvaliswinebiT, sairme SeiZleba, gamoyenebuli iqnas qveda kavkasionis alpuri zonis turistul kurortadac. kurortis/mineraluri wyaros ganviTarebis proeqti erT-erT prioritetad aris miCneuli da finansdeba saerTaSoriso investiciebiT. mocemul raionSi kidev erT mniSvnelovan kurorts udabno warmoadgens (sur. 44), romelic mdebareobs sairmedan qvemoT, 5 km-Si. kurorti udabno cnobilia miwaSi did siRrmeze mdebare wyalSemcveli fenidan gamomavali sulfiduri Termuli mineraluri wyliT (wylis temperatura +43°C).
96
sur. 44. kurorti sairme
sur. 45. udabnos mineraluri wyaro
centraluri wyalmomarageba arsebobs mxolod municipalitetis qalaqebSi. soflebSi ar aris sakanalizacio sistema. baRdaTsa da sairmeSi gayvanilia wyalmomaragebis centraluri sistema, romelic iyenebs zedapiruli wylis maragebs. sairmesa da udabnoSi gayvanilia sakanalizacio sistema, romelic aRWurvilia gamwmendi nagebobiT. gazmomaragebas uzrunvelyofs Sps „sokar enerji jorjia“-s (dafuZnebuli azerbaijanis respublikis navTobis saxelmwifo kompaniis mier) qaliSvili kompania Sps „sokar jorjia gazi“. sairmesa da saproeqto ubanze sxva dasaxlebebs emsaxureba 35 kv maRali Zabvis gadamcemi xazi.
97
5.11. landSafti
imereTis landSafti mravalferovania da warmodgenilia rogorc notio subtropikurli, ise alpuri mdeloebiT, mTebiT, zeganebiTa da dablobebiT. dagegmili hesis adgilmdebareobaze Warbobs erTmaneTisgan Rrma xeobebiT gamoyofili mTebi. tyeebi did farTobs ikavebs mocemul teritoriaze. tyeebi SemoTavazebuli wablaris hesebis wyalgamyofis maxloblad saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSia. sasoflo-sameurneo miwebi warmodgenilia baRebiT, xexilis baRebiT, venaxebiTa da simindis yanebiT. aq gavrcelebuli landSaftis ZiriTadi tipebia: vake-borcviani reliefi – subtropikuli, notio. kolxeTis dablobi
landSaftebi daWaobebuli murynariT, spagnumiani WaobebiTa da winamTis landSaftebiT rcxilnar-muxnariT, romelic monacvleobs wiflnar-wablnarian, muxnar-Zelqva da polidominantur tyesTan maradmwvane qvetyiT;
mTis landSafti – Tbo-zomieri notio. dabali mTis kolxuri landSaftebi rcxilnar-muxnariT da rcxilnar-wiflnar-wablnariT ZiriTadad maradmwvane qvetyiT, nawilobriv muxnar-fiWvnariT;
saSualo mTis kolxuri landSaftebi wiflnarebiT, ZiriTadad maradmwvane qvetyiT;
mTis landSafti – civi zomieri – kavkasiis Sua mTis landSaftebi wiflnar-muqwiwvovani da muqwiwvovani (naZvisa da soWis) tyeebiT, nawilobriv maradmwvane qvetyiT;
maRali mTis mdelo – kavkasiuri subalpuri landSaftebi mdeloebis, maRalbalaxovani sazogadoebebis, subalpuri tyeebisa da rayebis kombinaciiT.
landSafti saproeqto ubanze warmodgenilia Sua mTis zonis eroziul-denudaciuri wiflnariT (36) (sur. 47). misi statusi praqtikulad ucvlelia (sur. 46).
36 - Sua mTis zonis eroziul-denudaciuri wiflnari
praqtikulad ucvleli (muqi mwvane); mcired Secvlili (Ria mwvane), Ria wiTeli (Zlier Secvlili); muqi wiTeli (mniSvnelovnad Secvlili).
sur. 46. landSaftebi sur. 47. landSaftis statusi
98
5.12. flora
saproeqto ubnis landSafti ZiriTadad mTebiT aris warmodgenili, romlebsac erTmaneTisgan Rrma xeobebi hyofs. tyeebi did farTobs ikavebs mocemul teritoriaze. tyeebi SemoTavazebuli hesebis wyalgamyofis maxloblad saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSia. tipiuri reliqturi fitocenozis xvedriTi wili saqarTvelos floraSi mcirea. kolxuri tye warmodgenilia sami sartyeliT – tye, subalpuri da alpuri. tyis sartyeli moicavs mesxeTis qedis winamTebs, dabal da saSualo mTebs (1800-1850 m zRvis donidan). tyis sartyeli SeiZleba, daiyos sam qve-sartyelad:
Sereuli foTolmcveni tyis qve-sartyeli (900-1000 m zRvis donidan); rcxilnaris qve-sartyeli (900-1000 m-dan 1350-1500 m-mde zRvis donidan); muqwiwvovani tyis qve-sartyeli (1400-1800 m zRvis donidan).
baRdaTis raionis mniSvnelovani nawili ukavia bunebriv kolxur tyes. xis dominanturi jiSebia: naZvi (Picea orientalis); soWi (Abies nordmaniana); fiWvi (Pinus
kochiana); ifani (Fraxinus excelsior); wifeli (Fagus orientalis); aryi (Betuta pendula); TeTri nekerCxali (Acer pseudoplatanus); rcxila (Carpinus betulus); wabli (Castanea sativa);
cacxvi (Tilia caucasica); Tela (Ulmus glabra, Ulmus elliptica) ; muxa (Quercus imeretina);
nekerCxali (Acer laetum & Acer campestre) da Zalzed iSviaTad – urTxeli (Taxus
baccata).
99
sur. 48. a – naZvi (Picea orientalis); b - soWi (Abies nordmaniana); g – muryani (Alnus
barbata) tyeebSi izrdeba Semdegi jiSis buCqebi: Sqeri (Rhododendron ponticum), baZgi (Ilex
aquifolium), wyavi (Laurocerasus officinalis), jagrcxila (Carpinus orientalis), mocvi
(Vaccinium myrtillus), Cveulebrivi Sindi (Cornus mas), zRmartli (Mespilus germanica),
Txili (Corylus avellana), mayvali (Rubus spp.), mocvi (Rubus idaeus) (saqarTvelos enciklopedia, 1984 w.). saproeqto ubanze (700-400 m zRvis donidan) gabatonebulia farTofoTlovani tye. mocemul ubanze registrirebuli ZiriTadi saxeobebia: wabli (Castanea sativa), wifeli (Fagus orientalis), rcxila (Carpinus
caucasica). sxva saxeobebidan farTod aris gavrcelebuli cacxvi (Tilia
caucasica), muryani (Alnus barbata). muryanis meoreuli mcenareuloba gvxvdeba
100
mdinaris napirebze da degradirebul- da erodirebulniadagian cicabo ferdobebze. reliqturi kolxuri fitocenozi am ubanze naklebad gxvdeba. Tumca, qvetyeSi dRemde izrdeba wyavi (Laurocerasus officinalis), Sqeri (Rhododendron
ponticum), baZgi (Ilex colchica), suro (Hedera colchica), Tagvisara (Ruscus hypophyllum),
kavkasiuri mocvi (Vaccinium arctostaphylos), ieli (Rhododendrom luteum). reliqturi balaxeulobidan farTodaa gavrcelebuli wbila (Festuca montana) da tyis
CitisTvala (Asperula odorata). Sereuli tyeebi, kerZod, mTiswinebSi, Zlier saxecvlilia tyis ukontrolo Cexvis gamo da zogierT ubanze maT adgils ikavebs buCqnari, mdeloebi da gvimrebi.
5.13. fauna
saqarTvelo mdidaria biomravalferovnebiT, Tumca, samwuxarod, mravali jiSisa da ekosistemis ricxobrioba Semcirebis tendenciiT xasiaTdeba. CvenTvis saintereso regionis fizikur-geografiuli mravalferovneba da sxvadasxva landSafturi zonebis arseboba ganapirobebs regionSi faunis mravalferovnebas. cocxali buneba warmodgenilia TiTqmis yvela sistemuri kategoriiT, dawyebuli uxerxemloebiTa da ZuZumwovrebiT damTavrebuli. droTa manZilze regionSi fauna mniSvnelovnad Seicvala – erTis mxriv, mravali saxeoba gaqra da meores mxriv, mravali iseTi ucxo saxeoba, rogoricaa magaliTad, nutria (Myocastor coypus) dRes adaptirebulia adgilobriv pirobebTan. baRdaTis raionSi gavrcelebuli saxeobebi: sazogadod miRebuli saxelwodeba/ Common name
laTinuri saxelwodeba/ Latin
name
saqarTvelos wiTel nusxaSi Setanili saxeobebi
(statusi: RE – iSviaTi; EN-
safrTxis qveS myofi; VU-
mowyvladi) ZuZumwovrebi • mura daTvi Ursus arctos RE
• arCvi Rupicapra rupicapra EN
• wavi Lutra lutra VU
• mgeli Canis lupus • tura Canis aureus • Sveli Capreolus capreolus • gareuli Rori Sus scrofa • mela Vulpes vulpes • kverna Martes martes, M. foina • maCvi Meles meles • bocveri Lepus europaeus qvewarmavlebi • ankara Cveulebrivi Natrix natrix; Natrix
besselata
• eskulapis mcuravi Elaphe longissima • spilenZa Coronella austriaca • rqosani gvelgesla Vipera ammodytes • kavkasiuri gvelgesla Vipera kaznakovy EN
• boxmeWa Anguis fragilis
101
• aWaruli xvliki Darevskia mixta VU
• xvliki Darevskia deryugini • qarTuli xvliki Darevskia rudis • Waobis evropuli ku Emus orbicularis amfibiebi • mwvane evropuli gombeSo Bufo viridis
• kavkasiuri jvarosana Pelodytes caucasicus
• vasaka Hyla savignyi
• tbis bayayi Rana rididunda
• kavkasiuri salamandra Mertensiella caucasica VU
mezofiluri uxerxemloebi dafiqsirebulia mTis tyis sartyelSi. xsenebul ekosistemebsa da biotipebSi aseve, gxvdeba nematodebi, miwis Wiayelebi, wurbelebi, moluskebi, kibosnairebi, fexsaxsriani uxerxemloebi da mwerebi. wyalgamyofis ubanze SedarebiT gavrcelebulia frinvelebis Semdegi saxeobebi: arwivi (Aguila chrysaetus), orbi (Gyps fulvus fulvus), Savi Zera (Milvus migrans), qori
(Accipiter gentilis), mimino (Accipiter nisus), bu (Strix aluco), Cxikvi (Garrulus glandarius),
niblia (Fringilla coelebs). mwyeri (Coturnix coturnix), tyis qaTami (Gallinago gallinago), ixvi
(Anas plathyrhynchos), RalRa (Crex crex), gedi (Cygnus olor), gareuli mtredi (Columba
palumbus), Savi yvavi (Turdus merula), CxarTvi (Turdus viscivorus), kodala (Dendrocopos
spp.), maRal mTebSi gxvdeba kavkasiuri SurTxi (Tetrao gallus caucasicus) da kavkasiuri roWo (Tetrao mlokosiewiszi). zafxulobiT regionSi gvxvdeba mobudari frinvelebic.
5.14. mtknari wylis habitatebi da biomravalferovneba
arsebuli cnobebiT, md. xaniswyalSi gavrcelebulia Tevzis Semdegi saxeobebi: sazogadod miRebuli saxeli/ Common name
laTinuri dasaxeleba/ Latin name
saqarTvelos wiTel nusxaSi Setanili saxeobebi
(statusi: RE – iSviaTi; EN-safrTxis qveS myofi; VU-mowyvladi)
Wanari Barbus capito, Barbus tauricus gvelana Cobitis taenia satunini kalmaxi Salmo fario EN zuTxi Acipenser güldenstädti colchicus EN karasi Carassus carassus kefali Mugil cephalus goWa (kobri) Cyprinus carpio kolxuri tobi Chondrostoma colchicum Rorjo Gobius cephalarges Constructor qaSapi Leuciscus cephalus orientalis
literatura md. xaniswyalSi arsebuli Tevzebis jiSebis Sesaxeb ramdenime aTwleulis win aris damuSavebuli. mas Semdeg am mdinareSiYTevzis saxeobebze monitoringi ar Catarebula. amdenad, rTulia imis zustad Tqma, binadrobs Tu ara Tevzis yvela zemoCamoTvlili saxeoba sakvlev ubanze.
102
Tevzis saxeobebis nimuSebis aRebas unda iTvaliswinebdes teqnikur-ekonomikuri dasabuTeba da garemosdacviTi Sefaseba. mdinareSi mobinadre Tevzis ZiriTadi saxeobebis tofobis periodebi mocemulia cxrilSi qvemoT. sacnobaro informaciaze dayrdnobiT da adgilobrivi mosaxleobis gamokiTxvis Tanaxmad, md. wablariswyali naklebad mdidaria Tevzis saxeobebiT. ZiriTadi saxeobebia kalmaxi, Wanari da evropuli qaSapi.
5.15. xmeleTis habitatebi da biomravalferovneba
saqarTvelo didi biomravalferovnebiT xasiaTdeba rogorc regionaluri, ise globaluri TvalsazrisiT. saqarTvelo, rogorc kavkasiis eko-regionaluri nawili, aRiarebulia biomravalferovnebis erT-erT kerad. kavkasiis eko-regioni „veluri bunebis dacvis msoflio fondis“ (WWF) mier Setanilia biomravalferovnebis 200 keraTa ricxvSi. saqarTveloSi ZiriTadi biomebia: Walis tyeebi, naxevradudabnoebi, stepebi, ariduli meCxeri tyeebi, foTolmcveni, wiwvovani da Sereuli tyeebis biomebi, subalpebi, alpebi, subnivaluri da nivaluri biomebi, liamplebi da Sida wylebi. mdebareobisa da fizikur-klimaturi mravalferovnebidan gamomdinare, saqarTvelos gansakuTrebiT mdidari da mravalferovani flora gaaCnia zomieri sartyelis sxva qveynebTan SedarebiT. kavkasiis regionebSi registrirebulia 6,350 WurWlovani mcenare, saidanac saqarTveloSi 4,100 saxeobaze meti izrdeba. saqarTveloSi izrdeba 300-ze meti saxeobis qveynisTvis endemuri WurWlovani mcenare da kavkasiis 600-ze meti endemi. garda amisa, saqarTvelos floris 21% maRalendemuri saxeobebiT aris warmodgenili. 16 saxeoba qveynisTvis endemuri an subendemuria. saqarTvelo kulturuli mcenareebis mravalferovnebis erT-erTi centria. aq gamoyvanilia venaxis, xorblisa da xilis sxvadasxva gamorCeuli saxeobebi. saqarTvelos faunis mravalferovneba sxvadasxva bunebrivi pirobebiT aris gamowveuli. saqarTvelos mtknar wylebSi 80-ze meti saxeobis Tevzi binadrobs, romelTagan bevri endemuria. Savi zRvis auzSi binadrobs zuTxis 5 saxeoba, romelTagan erTi Acipenser sturio gadaSenebis safrTxis winaSe myofi saxeobaa. saqarTveloSi gavrcelebulia amfibiebis 12 saxeoba, qvewarmavlebis 50 saxeoba da frinvelebis 300-ze meti saxeoba. kolxeTis dablobi (sanapiro zolisa da paliastomis tbis CaTvliT) da javaxeTis zeganis tbis ekosistemebi gadamfreni frinvelebis dasvenebisa da gamozamTrebis mniSvnelovan ubnebs warmoadgens. frinvelis 3 saxeoba kavkasiis endemia: kavkasiuri roWo (Tetrao mlokosiewiczi), kavkasiuri SurTxi
(Tetrao mlokosiewiczi) da kavkasiuri bulbula (Phylloscopus lorenzi). saqarTveloSi dafiqsirebulia 100-ze meti saxeobis ZuZumwovari. 2005 wels mTavrobis brZanebulebiT miRebuli iqna mravalferovnebis erovnuli strategia da moqmedebis gegma saqarTvelos florisa da faunis konservaciis mizniT. dokumentSi mocemulia qveynis unikaluri biomravalferovnebis dacvisa da mdgradi gamoyenebis 10-wliani erovnuli strategia da konkretuli moqmedebebis 5-wliani gegma strategiis miznebis misaRwevad. 2006 wels miRebuli iqna saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxa.
103
arsebuli informaciis Tanaxmad, saproeqto ubanze gavrcelebulia „saqarTvelos wiTel nusxaSi“ Setanili ramdenime saxeoba (ix. paragrafebi 5.12-5.13). saqarTvelos biomravalferovnebis dacvisa da konservaciis mTavar saSualebas daculi teritoriebis sistemis Seqmna warmoadgens. saproeqto ubanTan yvelaze axlos mdebare daculi teritoriebia ajameTis bunebrivi nakrZali da borjom-xaragaulis erovnuli parki (ix. paragrafi 5.17). biomravalferovnebis monitoringis ararseboba aferxebs dacvis zomebis efeqturad dagegmvasa da ganxorcielebas. amJamad SemuSavebis procesSia monitoringis erovnuli sistema. SemuSavebulia monitoringis sistemis erovnuli indikatorebi da mocemul etapze dgindeba monacemTa Segrovebis meTodebi. biomravalferovnebis monitoringis monacemebi xelmisawvdomi gaxdeba specialurad Seqmnili internet resurs-centris meSveobiT.
5.16. ekosistemebi
saqarTvelos landSafti da klimati gansazRvravs ekosistemebis mravalferovnebas. ZiriTad ekosistemebs warmoadgens tyeebi, mtknari wyali da Waobebi, sazRvao da sanapiro raionebi, maRali mTa, naxevradudabnoebi da stepebi. qveynis teritoriis mesamedze meti dafarulia foTolmcveni da wiwvovani tyiT, romelic mdidaria endemuri da iSviaTi saxeobebiT. aseT teritorias ekuTvnis CvenTvis saintereso teritoriis didi nawili. mravalferovnebiTa da mocemuli regionisTvis unikaluri saxeobebis mravalricxovnebiT gansakuTrebiT gamorCeulia kolxeTis refugiumi, dasavleT kavkasiis kirqvuli ubnebi da maRali mTis mcenareulobis kompleqsebi. tyis ekosistemebi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania saqarTveloSi biomravalferovnebis konservaciis TvalsazrisiT, radgan tyeebi faravs qveynis teritoriis TiTqmis 40%-s da amasTan, warmoadgens mravali mcenarisa da cxovelis, maT Soris endemuri da gadaSenebis safrTxis qveS myofi saxeobis mniSvnelovan habitatebs. saqarTvelos tyis ekosistemebs pirvel rigSi safrTxes uqmnis xeebis ukontrolo Wra SeSis damzadebis mizniT, tyis parazitebiT miyenebuli ziani da tyeSi gaCenili xanZrebi. saqarTveloSi iseve, rogorc evropis mraval qveyanaSi, ekonomikis ganviTareba did gavlenas axdens sanapiro tyeebze, romlebic saqarTvelos biomravalferovnebis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi komponentia da warmoadgens mravali saxeobis biologiur derefansa da TavSesafars. dRes sanapiro tyeebi ZiriTadad calkeuli fragmentebis saxiT aris warmodgenili. mtknari wylis ekosistemebi (mdinareebi, tbebi, daWaobebuli teritoriebi, xelovnuri wyalsacavebi) saqarTvelos landSaftebis damaxasiaTebeli komponentebia. gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa kolxeTis dablobi da paliastomis tba, romlebic daculia kolxeTis erovnuli parkis teritoriaze da qobuleTis bunebrivi nakrZali da aRkveTili. kolxeTis dablobis Waobis ekosistemebi aseve, mravali frinvelis mniSvnelovan habitats warmoadgens. aq registrirebulia 300-mde saxeobis frinveli. mocemuli teritoria warmoadgens gadaSenebis saqarTvelos wiTel nusxaSi Sesuli, safrTxis qveS myofi saxeobebis mniSvnelovan
104
habitats. kolxeTis dablobis sanapiro zoli gadamfreni frinvelebis mniSvnelovan ubans warmoadgens (ramsaris ubani). saqarTveloSi gavrcelebulia mtknari wylis Tevzis 80-ze meti saxeoba. mtknari wylis Tevzebis umetes saxeobaTa konservaciis statusi ar aris dadgenili. Tevzebis ekosistemebi gansakuTrebuli zewolis qveS imyofeba wylis resursebis aramdgradi ganviTarebis gamo.
5.17. daculi teritoriebi
mocemul regionSi ZiriTadi daculi teritoriebia: ajameTis aRkveTili da borjomi-xaragaulis erovnuli parki. ajameTis aRkveTili mdebareobs quTaisidan 15 km manZilze, rionis dablobze da moicavs sam masivs: ajameTs, varcixesa da svirs. ajameTis aRkveTilis saerTo farTobia 4,848 ha, saidanac 4,738 ha tyiT aris dafaruli. aRkveTili varcixis dasaxlebidan 1,5 km-iT aris daSorebuli. aRkveTilis teritoria gadaWimulia daaxloebiT 13 km-ze aRmosavleTidan dasavleTiT. misi saSualo sigane 3 km-ia da yvelaze farTo adgilas misi sigane 5 km-s aRwevs. aRkveTilis teritoria agebulia miocenis, oligocenisa da eocenis asakis naleqebiT. aseve, warmodgenilia tbiur-aluviuri warmoSobis meoTxeulis myari da webovani Tixa. ajameTis aRkveTili 1946 wels Seiqmna isTi iSviaTi reliqtebis dacvis mizniT, rogoricaa imeruli muxa (Quercus imeretina) da kavkasiuri Zelqva (Zelkova carpinifolia). tyeebi faravs aRkveTilis 4,738 ha-s. ajameTis tyis originaluroba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom kolxeTis dablobze es TiTqmis erTaderTi adgilia, sadac Semonaxulia Sereuli subtropikuli tyeebi Tavdapirveli saxiT. ajameTis tye gamorCeulia imeruli muxisa da Zelqvis pirvandeli saxiT Semonaxuli wminda koromebiT. zogierTi xe 250 welze meti asakisaa da aq Zalzed bevria saukunovani muxebi. muxnari faravs 4,273 heqtars, rcxila (Carpinus) – 93 heqtars, jagrcxila (Carpinus orientalis) – 23 heqtars. dendroflora warmodgenilia 60 saxeobiT. aq izrdeba jagrcxila da nekerCxali (Acer). qvetye meCxeria da warmodgenilia SqeriT (Rhododendron
ponticum), zRmartliT (Mespilus germanica), askiliTa (Rosa canina) da kuneliT
(Crataegus). saqarTvelos wiTel nusxaSi Sesuli saxeobebidan ajameTis aRkveTilSi gvxvdeba: pastuxovis suro (Hedera pastuchowii), Txili (Corylus iberica), Tela (Ulmus
foliacea), Teladuma (Ulmus elliptica), kavkasiuri lafani (Pterocarya pterocarpa), kakali
(Juglans) da sxv. imeruli muxa (Quercus imeretina) da Zelqva (Zelkova carpinifolia) mesameuli periodis iSviaTi saxeobebia. ajameTi Raribia cxovelebisa da frinvelebis saxeobebiT. ZuZumwovrebidan gvxvdeba bocveri, wiTeli mela, tura, ciyvi, TriTina, Zilguda da maCvi. ajameTSi yvelaze didi cxovelia Sveli. ajameTis aRkveTilSi gvxvdeba saqarTvelos wiTel nusxaSi Setanili Semdegi saxeobebi: leisleris mRamiobi (Nyctalus leisleri), kavkasiuri ciyvi (Sciurus anomalus), Cveulebrivi Zilguda (Muscardinus avellanarius), tyis Zilguda (Dryomys nitedula) da kavkasiuri wavi (Lutra lutrameridionalis).
105
sur. 49. wablaris saproeqto raioni – uaxloesi daculi teritoriebi
ajameTis aRkveTilSi 60-ze meti frinvelis saxeobaa aRnusxuli, romelTagan 21 budobs muxnarSi, xolo danarCeni saxeobebi ajameTis teritoriaze Cndeba gadafrenis an gamozamTrebis periodSi. amfibiebidan aq gvxvdeba tritonis erTi saxeoba, evraziuli tboris bayayi (Pelophylax ridibundus), kavkasiuri gombeSo (Bufo verrucosissimus) da mwvane gombeSo
(Bufo viridis), xolo reptiliebidan gvxvdeba wylis ankara (Natrix tessellata) da Cveulebrivi ankara (Natrix natrix). ajameTsa da mis mimdebare teritorias sakmaod kargi turistuli potenciali gaaCnia. garda kulturuli da arqeologiuri turebisa, sairmesa da zekaris uReltexilisken avtomobiliTa da saTavgadasavlo turistuli turebic sakmaod warmatebuli iqneba. aseve, SesaZlebelia sacxenosno, fotografiuli, video, ekologiuri da „berd voCingis“ (frinvelebze dakvirvebis) turebis organizeba. mezoblad mdebare quTaisSi kargad aris ganviTarebuli ojaxuri sastumroebis qseli, sadac turistebs sTavazoben xarisxian sakvebsa da komfortul akomodacias winaswari dajavSvniT. borjom-xaragaulis erovnuli parki saerTaSoriso standartebis Sesabamisi pirveli erovnuli parkia kavkasiaSi. igi darsda 1995 wels, xolo oficialurad gaixsna 2001 wels. farTobis gaTvaliswinebiT, parki erT-erTi saukeTesod daculia teritoriaa evropaSi. 2007 wels borjom-xaragaulis erovnuli parki gawevrianda „evropis daculi teritoriebis qselSi“ (Pan
106
Parks), rac am daculi teritoriis umaRles doneze dacvisa da turizmis mdgradi ganviTarebis garantiaa. geologiuri TvalsazrisiT, borjom-xaragaulis erovnuli parki miekuTvneba mcire kavkasionis mTebis naoWa sistemas da moicavs aWara-TrialeTis naoWa zonis centralur qvezonas. raioni ZiriTadad agebulia qveda eocenis e.w. borjomis fliSis naleqebiT: mergelovani TixebiT, mergelebiT, kirqvuli qviSaqvebiTa da mergelovani kirqvebiT; mis agebulebaSi aseve, monawileobs oligocenisa da neogenis asakis naleqebi da vulkanuri naleqebis formaciebi. erovnuli parki moicavs teritoriebs, romlebic warmoadgens saqarTvelos zogierTi istoriuli regionis sasazRvro nawils. parki ganfenilia Toris, imereTisa da samcxes teritoriebze. misi saerTo farTobi Seadgens daaxloebiT 61,235 heqtars. borjom-xaragaulis erovnuli parkis xaragaulis nawilSi arsebuli tyeebi warmodgenilia muqwiwvovani, foTolmcveni da Sereuli tyeebiT. Sereuli foTolmcveni tyeebi ZiriTadad warmodgenilia wablis (Castanea sativa),
wifelis (Fagus orientalis), rcxilis (Carpinus orientalis), kavkasiuri cacxvis (Tilia
begoniifolia), kolxuri muxis (Quercus hartwissiana), dekasa (Rhododendron caucasica) da murynis (Fraxinus excelsior) xeebiT. simaRlis matebasTan erTad erTi foTolmcveni tye icvleba meoreTi: zog adgilas wiflnari icvleba Sereuli foTolmcveni tyeebiT kolxuri tipis qvetyiT, xolo kidev ufro zemoT – rcxilis koromebiT, wiflisa da wablis koromebiT, soWis koromebiTa da vercxlisferi naZvis koromebiT. borjomis xeobaSi gavrcelebulia wiwvovani tyeebi, maT Soris soWis koromebi, vercxlisferi naZvis koromebi da soWisa da vercxlisferi naZvis Sereuli koromebi. tyis sartyelis zeda zonebSi dominirebs soWisa da vercxlisferi naZvis koromebisa da vercxlisferi naZvis koromebis muqwiwvovani tyeebi, romelTa SemadgenlobaSic Sedis aRmosavleTis soWi (Picea orientalis), kavkasiuri soWi da fiWvi (Pinus sosnowskyi). subalpur sartyelSi gavrcelebulia subalpuri tyeebi da buCqnari, subalpuri maRalbalaxeuloba da mdeloebi. borjom-xaragaulis erovnuli parkis teritoriaze izrdeba saqarTvelos wiTel nusxaSi Setanili iseTi endemuri da iSviaTi jiSebi, rogoricaa: wabli (Castanea sativa), kolxuri muxa (Quercus hartwissiana), urTxeli (Taxus baccata),
stevenis iordasalami (Paeonia steveniana) da vinogradovis zambaxi (Iridodictyum
winogradowii). borjom-xaragaulis erovnuli parkis fauna mravalferovania. erovnuli parkis silamaze swored misi ZuZumwovari binadrebiTaa ganpirobebuli. aq did xorcismWamel cxovelebidan gavrcelebulia ruxi mgeli (Canis lupus),
focxveri (Lynx lynx) da mura daTvi (Ursus arctos). rqosani cxovelebidan erovnuli parkis teritoriaze xSirad Cndeba Sveli (Capreolus capreolus) da
gareuli Rori (Sus scrofa). borjomis xeoba yovelTvis cnobili iyo kavkasiuri keTilSobili irmebis (Cervus elaphus) populaciebiT. borjom-xaragaulis erovnul parkSi irmebis raodenoba 140-s aRwevda. niamori (Capra aegagrus) adgilobriv kldeebze binadrobda uZvelesi droidan, Tumca dResdReobiT aq mxolod Semoyvanili niamorebi gvxvdeba, romlebic Camoyvanilia
107
mezobeli somxeTidan borjom-xaragaulis administraciisa da „veluri bunebis dacvis msoflio fondis“ (WWF) daxmarebiT. parkSi mobinadre ZuZumwovrebis didi nawili saqarTvelos wiTel nusxaSia Sesuli. mcire zomis ZuZumwovrebidan parkSi binadrobs Tagvebis, Zilgudas, dedofalas, tyis kvernas, TeTryela kvernasa da kavkasiuri ciyvis ramdenime saxeoba. TiTqmis yvelgan gvxvdeba wiTeli mela (Vulpes vulpes) da bocveri (Lepus europaeus). qvewarmavlebidan erovnuli parkis teritoriaze gvxvdeba xvlikisa da gvelis ramdenime saxeoba. maT Soris aRsaniSnavia kavkasiuri jojo (Laudakia
caucasica) da xmelTaSuazRveTis ku (Testudo graeca). borjom-xaragaulis erovnuli parkis mkvidri frinvelebidan gamoirCeva Semdegi iSviaTi jiSebi: mTis arwivi (Aquila chrysaetos), orbi (Gyps fulvus), svavi
(Aegypius monachus) da kavkasiuri roWo (Tetrao mlokosiewiczi). sicocxle da tradiciebi borjom-xaragaulis erovnuli parkis mimdebare teritoriaze saocrad mravalferovania, rac gamoixateba saintereso eTnografiul mravalferovnebaSi da aZlierebs vizitorebis STabeWdilebebs. zemoT aRwerili arc erTi daculi teritoria ar xvdeba proeqtis zemoqmedebis ubanze.
5.18. demografiuli da socialur-ekonomikuri sakiTxebi
monacemebi socialuri mdgomareobis Sesaxeb mopovebuli iqna saxelmwifo (statistikis departamenti) da proeqtis monawileTa kerZo wyaroebidan yvela SesaZlo – erovnul, administraciul, regionalur da raionul – doneze. baRdaTis municipalitetis monacemebi: mosaxleoba: 29451 teritoria (farTobi): 815 km2 dasaxleba: qalaqi: 1. sofeli: 22 ojaxebis raodenoba: 10481 eTnikuri Semadgenloba
qarTveli: 99.5% ukraineli: 0.02% rusi: 0.3% sxva: 0.02% somexi: 0.1%
mowyvladi mosaxleoba
pensionerebi da siRaribis zRvars qvemoT myofi mosaxleoba:
14619 (sul)
pensionerebi: 8367 siRaribis zRvars qvemoT myofi mosaxleoba
2075 ojaxi
martoxela dedebi: 15 mravalSviliani ojaxebi: 97 veteranebi: 219 ltolvilebi: 401 ekonomikuri saqmianoba: mrewveloba, mSenebloba, soflis meurneoba, momsaxureoba
samrewvelo dargebi: sairmes mineraluri wylis qarxana (Sps “sairmes mineraluri wylebi” da “igrika 97”), satyeo meurneobebi
108
wyliT mosargebleebi:
Tevzis qarxnebi, xanis hesi, dimi-rikoTi-dedvela-varcixis sarwyavi sistema, wylis wisqvilebi wiTelxevSi, roxSi, rikoTSi, zeganSi, xanSi, sakraulaSi.
soflis meurneoba: saerTo saxnavi miwa: 19089 ha
kerZo: 6279 ha
saxelmwifo: 12810 ha
regionis gegmiuri ganviTareba (5-10 weli):
baRdaTis wyalmomaragebis sistemis reabilitacia – saTave nagebobisa da wylis magistralis CaTvliT
baRdaTSi kanalizaciis mowyoba quTaisi-baRdaTi-abasTumani-benaras gzis reabilitacia adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis gzebis reabilitacia mimdinare proeqtebi sairmes kurortis SemovliTi gzis mSenebloba sairmes kurortis infrastruqturisa da pansionatis
reabilitacia satanvarjiSo darbazis mSenebloba baRdaTSi adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis gzebis reabilitacia jandacvis dawesebulebebi: samedicino dawesebuleba: 1 raionuli da 12 ambulatoruli saavadmyofo.
saproeqto ubanTan yvelaze axlos mdebareobs sairmesa da udabnos kurortebi, romelTagan arc erTSi mudmivi mosaxleoba ar aris.
5.19. kulturuli resursebi
saproeqto ubanze arsebuli Zeglebi: wm. giorgis eklesia (XIX s.) obCaSi; wm. giorgis eklesia (XX s.) zemo dimSi; wm. giorgis eklesiis naSTebi (gviani Sua saukuneebi) zeganSi; macxovris taZari (1661 w.) sof. rokiTSi; Sua saukuneebis cixis naSTebi sof. zekarSi; aRdgomis taZari (Sua saukuneebi) sof. wiTelxevSi; eklesia deviZeebis ubanSi (X s.), sof. wiTelxevi; wm. anastasias eklesia (Sua saukuneebi) sof. wyalTaSua; eklesia sof. varcixeSi (Sua saukuneebi); varcixis safortifikacio kompleqsi (IV-V ss.); qvis sawnaxeli 8 km sof. xanidan (Sua saukuneebi); salxinos eklesia (VIII-IX ss.) baRdaTSi; verieTis eklesia (XI s.), sof. kakasxidi; Sua saukuneebis eklesia sof. xanSi; dimnas cixis nangrevebi (daaxl. III s. Cv.w.aR-mde).
ajameTis nakrZalidan kilometrnaxevarze mdebareobs daba varcixe, romelic antikuri qalaqis rodopolisis nangrevebzea aSenebuli (rodopolisi naxsenebia me–6 saukunis bizantieli istorikosi prokofi kesarielis CanawerebSi). naqalaqaridan 4km–Si, geguTSi me–11 saukuneSi agebuli qarTvel mefeTa zamTris sanadiro sasaxlis nangrevebia.
109
borjom-xaragaulis erovnuli parkis mimdebare teritoria mdidaria istoriuli ZeglebiT, romelTa Sorisaa: timoTesubnis eklesia (me-13 s.), neZvis eklesia (me-9 s.), nunisis eklesia (me-9 s.), sakvirikes bazilika sof. dvirTan (me-10 s.), mwvane monasteri anu CiTaxevis wm. giorgis monasteri (me-9 s.), gogias cixe da petres cixe daba likanTan axlos (me-9 s.), vaxanis cixe da oqros cixe adigenis raionSi. erovnuli parkis mimdebare teritoriaze kidev ufro adreuli istoriuli Zeglebia ganTavsebuli, mag., brinjaos xanis uZvelesi ciklopuri nasaxlari sof. bogasTan, brinjaos xanis warwerebi da antikuri xanis kulturuli fenebi. aseve, umniSvnelovanesi Zeglebia gelaTis samonastro kompleqsi (me-12 s.) da bagratis taZari (me-11 s.), romlebic iuneskos msoflio memkvidreobis ubnebis siaSia Sesuli. proeqtis zemoqmedebis ubanze arc erTi Zegli ar mdebareobs. 5.20. proeqtis zemoqmedebis qves myofi mosaxleoba saproeqto ubanze mudmivi mosaxleoba ar aris. kaSxlis ubani ganTavsebulia udabnos mineralur wyarosTan axlos, romelic sairmes kurortis nawils warmoadgens da wyalamimRebidan 4 km-iT aris daSorebuli. kurorti muSaobs sezonurad. proeqtis gansaxorcieleblad saWiro gaxdeba Sps “sairmes kurortis” sakuTrebaSi arsebuli erTi nakveTis gamoyeneba. am mizniT gaformdeba SeTanxmeba mesakuTresTan.
6. samuSaoTa organizeba
6.1. mobilizacia
winasamSeneblo samuSaoebSi Sedis: droebiTi samSeneblo banakis ubnebis momzadeba garemosdacviTi
moTxovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT; samSeneblo narCenebis/nagvis droebiTi ganTavsebis ubnebis SerCeva; miwis SeZena/kompensacia (saWiroebisamebr); banakis an samSeneblo moednis mowyoba; narCenebis marTvis gegmis SemuSaveba; sagzao moZraobis organizaciis gegmis SemuSaveba.
mosamzadebel etapze moewyoba ori ubani, mudmivi/droebiTi misadgomi gza, eleqtromomaragebis, wylmomaragebisa da wylis kontrolis nagebobebi, aseve, saamqroebi, betonis qarxana, samsxvrevi da sacreli qarxana, avtosamrecxao, meqanizmebis parkirebis ubani, masalis (cementis, armaturis, xis masalis, liTonis konstruqciebis, sazeT-sapoxi masalebis da sxv.) dasawyobebis ubnebi (asafeTqebeli nivTierebebisTvis moewyoba calke sacavi) da narCenebis dasawyobebis ubnebi, ofisi, sacxovrebeli banaki da sxva droebiTi nagebobebi. ubnebis SerCevisas mxedvelobaSi iqna miRebuli Semdegi rekomendaciebi/wesebi:
ubnis siaxlove samSeneblo moedanTan;
110
saWiro infrastruqturis mosawyobad Sesaferisi reliefi; arsebul infrastruqturaze misadgomlobisa da misi gamoyenebis
SesaZlebloba; sasmeli da teqnikuri wyalmomaragebisa da eleqtromomaragebis
uzrunvelyofis SesaZlebloba; daSoreba mWidrod dasaxlebuli ubnebidan mosaxleobis minimalurad
Sewuxebis mizniT emisiebis, xmaurisa da satransporto moZraobis mizeziT;
gruntisa da mcenareuli safaris minimalurad dazianeba. SeirCa ori ubani, romlebic mocemulia suraTebze 50 da 51. ubnebis sazRvrebi wiTlad aris moniSnuli. wyalaRebis ubani: saerTo farTobi: 27,960m2, plus 4,410m2 moedanze gansaTavsebeli
nagebobebisTvis. eleqtrosadguris moedani:
saerTo farTobi: 13160m2, plus 7390m2 moedanze gansaTavsebeli nagebobebisTvis.
sur. 50. wyalaRebis moednis ubani
mocemuli ubnebi mcenareulobiT mdidari ar aris. wyalaRebis moedani esazRvreba udabnos mineraluri wyaros nagebobebs. ubnis nawili dRes ukve saxeSecvlilia. niadagis zeda fena mocemul ubanze Txelia. proeqtis ganxorcielebis mizniT moxdeba Sps “sairmes kurortis” sakuTrebaSi arsebuli miwis nakveTis droebiT gamoyeneba. eleqtrosadguris moednis ubanze warsulSi mSenebloba arasdros ganxorcielebula. zemoqmedeba kerZo sakuTrebaSi arsebul miwis nakveTebze mosalodneli ar aris. am ubanze niadagis nayofieri fenis sisqe SedarebiT metia.
111
sur. 51. eleqtrosadguris moednis ubani
ubnebis damuSavebamde moxdeba mcenareuli safaris mocileba, niadagis zeda fenis Semowmeba, produqtiuli fenis moxsna da droebiT dayra grovebad samSeneblo samuSaoebis dasrulebisa da droebiTi nagebobebis aRebis Semdeg am ukan Semotanamde da gaSlamde. moednis dagegmvisas gasaTvaliswinebelia Semdegi: masalis dasawyobebis ubani:
inertuli masala. masala, tipis mixedviT, dasawyobdeba an sawyobis SenobaSi an Riad. dasawyobebis ubnis gegma unda uzrunvelyofdes masalebis maragze martiv da usafrTxo misawvdomlobas. Senaxvis moculobis gazrdisa da gamousadegari narCenebis dagrovebis Semcirebis mizniT gakontroldeba masalis Semotana da gamoyeneba. masalebis sawyobi moewyoba usafrTxoebisa da ekologiuri moTxovnebis dacviT;
asafeTqebeli nivTierebebi. asafeTqebeli nivTierebebisTvis moewyoba dasawyobebis calke Senoba. ubnebi SemoiRobeba da dawesdeba dacva. dadgeba gamafrTxilebeli niSnebi. ubani moednis farglebSi SeirCeva usafrTxoebis moTxovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT;
112
sawvavis cisternis ubani daculi unda iyos gaumtari feniT niadagSi sawvavis CaJonvis Tavidan acilebis mizniT. moewyoba meoradi cisterna sawvavis/navTobis ZiriTad cisternaSi sawvavis maragis dacvis mizniT. sawvavis Camosxmis ubanze moewyoba sawveTuri. sawvavis Sesanaxi ubani da benzingasamarTi/manqana-meqanizmebis teqmomsaxureobis ubnebi mdinaris kalapotidan daSorebuli unda iyos aranakleb 50 metrisa.
wyalmomarageba. samSeneblo samuSaoebis Sesrulebis periodSi wylis gamoyeneba saWiro iqneba rogorc sasmel-sameurneo daniSnulebiT, ise teqnikuri miznebiT. ubnis mdebareobis gaTvaliswinebiT moxdeba uaxloesi wyalsatevis gamoyeneba. sasmeli wylis maragisTvis gamoyenebuli iqneba aratoqsikuri masaliT damzadebuli (sakvebi) rezervuarebi, xolo teqnikuri wylisTvis dasaSvebia Savi liTonis rezervuarebis gamoyeneba. wyalze moTxovna 200 momsaxurisa da sulze dRe-RameSi 25 l wylis moxmarebis gaTvaliswinebiT 250 dReze gaTvliT Seadgens:
200 x 25 x 250 = 1250 m3/weli, 5 m3/dRe
113
droebiTi ofisebi samSeneblo ubanze
manqana-danadgarebisa da aRWurvilobis parkirebis/dasawyobebis ubani
naTxari gruntis sacavi
masalebisa da narCenebis ganTavsebis ubnebi
droebiTi damcavi SemoRobva
samSeneblo moednis organizacia
114
amasTan, wyali saWiro iqneba SxapebisTvis. samSeneblo normebisa da wesebis mixedviT, wylis xarji erT sulze dRe-Ramis manZilze Seadgens 500 litrs. samjeradi Sxapis SemTxvevaSi weliwadSi wylis saerTo xarji Seadgens: 3 x 500 x 250 = 375 m3/weli, 1.5 m3/dRe. mSeneblobis etapze weliwadSi moxmarebuli sasmeli wylis saerTo raodenoba Seadgens 495 m3/weliwadSi, anu 1.96 m3/dReSi. teqnikuri miznebiT SesaZlebelia zedapiruli wylebis gamoyeneba. imis daSvebiT, rom manqanis garecxvas sWirdeba 350 l wyali, 250 samuSao dReze gaTvliT da im angariSiT, rom dReSi gairecxeba 5 manqana, satransporto saSualebebis gasarecxad saWiro wylis xarji Seadgens: 5 x 350 x 250 = 12.5 m3/wm, 0.25 m3/dRe. betonis qarxnis eqspluataciisTvis wylis saWiro raodenoba damokidebulia warmoebis moculobaze. saSualod, 50 m3/sT warmadobis betonis qarxana moixmars 0.3 m3 wyals 1 m3 betonis narevis dasamzadeblad. Tu betonis qarxana erT cvlaSi imuSavebs, anu 160 dRis manZilze weliwadSi, betonis raodenoba Seadgens: 160 x 8 x 50 = 64,000 m3/weli. Sesabamisad, wylis saWiro raodenoba Seadgens: 64,000 x 0.3 = 19,200 m3/weli. ase rom samSeneblo banakis teqnikuri wyalmomaragebisTvis saWiro teqnikuri wylis saangariSo raodenoba Seadgens: 19,212.5 m3/wels. Camdinare wylebis nakadebi da wmendis moTxovnebi. Camdinare wylebis nakadebSi Sedis: 1) sanitaruli Camdinare wylebi; 2) pirobiTad sufTa Camonadeni ubnidan; 3) Camonadeni potenciurad dabinZurebuli ubnebidan (mag., avtosamrecxaodan, betonis dozirebis ubnebidan da sxv.) Camdinare wylis
tipi aRweriloba marTva/wmenda
sanitaruli Camdinare wylebi
sanitaruli Camdinare wylebis moculoba iangariSeba Semdegnairad: moxmarebuli sasmeli wylis raodenobas akldeba 5% danakargi, anu sanitaruli Camdinare wylebis moculoba miaxloebiT Seadgens 470 m3/weli, 1.9 m3/dRe.
arsebobs Camdinare wylebis gadagdebis sami varianti. wyalaRebis ubnis SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba, ganvixiloT Camdinare wylebis gadagdebis SesaZlebloba udabnos sakanalizacio sistemasTan mierTebis gziT. alternatiuli variantebia bio-tualetebi an sakanalizacio ormoebi. am ukanasknelis SemTxvevaSi Segrovili Camdinare wylebis gatana unda moxdes adgilobriv munipalitetTan SeTanxmebiT.
pirobiTad sufTa Camonadeni ubnidan
atmosferuli wylis Camonadeni ubnidan.
wylis gadagdeba ubnidan unda moxdes perimetrze mowyobili sadrenaJo sistemiT. ar saWiroebs wmendas.
Camonadeni betonis warmoebisTvis saWiro ar saWiroebs qmedebas.
115
potenciurad dabinZurebuli ubnebidan
wyali srulad gamoiyeneba teqnologiur procesebSi da amdenad, Camdinare wylebis dagroveba ar xdeba. avtosamrecxao samSeneblo ubanze. Camdinare wylebis moculoba Seadgens moxmarebuli wylis saerTo moculobis 95%-s (5% gansxvaveba aiReba aorTqlebisa da sxva mizezebis gamo). Sesabamisad, Camdinare wylebis raodenoba Seadgens 11.9 m3/weli, 0,05 m3/dRe.
manqanis narecxi wylis gasawmendad SeiZleba, SeirCes odnav daxrilzedapiriani ubani, romelzec dafenili iqneba gaumtari fena gruntSi wylis CaJonvis Tavidan acilebis mizniT da romelic iqneba Semofargluli mimdebare ubnebis dabinZurebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT (moewyoba saleqaris kamera da kompaqturi zeTdamWeri navTobproduqtebisa da myari Setivnarebuli nawilakebis moSorebis mizniT). Camdinare wyalSi benzinis naxSirwyalbadis saerTo Semcveloba unda iyos <0.3 mg/l, xolo Setivtivebuli nawilakebis koncentracia – 30 mg/l.
Camdinare wylebis CaSveba zedapirul wyalsatevSi dauSvebelia. eleqtromomarageba. banakis ubnebis saerTo energosistemaSi droebiTi CarTvis sakiTxi unda SeTanxmdes sadistribucio kompaniasTan. narCenebi. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom erT momuSaveze wlis ganmavlobaSi mosalodnelia grovdeba 0.7 m3 sayofacxovrebo narCenis warmoqmna, weliwadSi dagrovili sayofacxovrebo narCenebis saerTo raodenoba Seadgens: 200 x 0.7 = 140 m3/weli. banakSi dagrovili sayofacxovrebo narCenebis droebiT Senaxva moxdeba saxuravian konteinerebSi frinvelebisa da cxovelebis mozidvisa da qaris
გამო nagvis gafantvis Tavidan asacileblad. narCenebis gatana moxdeba
regularulad adgiლobriv municipalitetTan gaformebuli xelSekrulebiT SeTanxmebul nagavsayrelze. sxva saxis narCenebis Sesagroveblad gamoiyofa calke teritoria. moxdeba narCenebis klasificireba. jarTi (aseTis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi) sabolood gadatanili iqneba mocemul raionSi arsebul jarTis Cambarebel punqtSi. SesaZlebelia inertuli narCenebis meoradi gamoyeneba proeqtis miznebiT mocemuli regionis Sesabamis organoebTan gaformebuli xelSekrulebebis safuZvelze. rac Seexeba sxva saxis narCenebs, moxdeba maTi poligonze ganTavseba adgilobriv municipalitetTan SeTanxmebiT. saqarTveloSi sayofacxovrebo narCenebis Segrovebasa da gatanaze pasuxismgebloba ekisrebaT municipalitetebs (Tumca, narCenebis gatanis regularuli samsaxuri mxolod zogierT centralur dasaxlebaSi arsebobs). mSeneblobis periodSi dagrovili sayofacxovrebo narCenebi Segrovdeba da gadaitaneba uaxloes nagavsayrelze kontraqtis Tanaxmad. SemuSavdeba da ganxorcieldeba narCenebis marTvis gegma.
116
samSeneblo masalebi betonis ZiriTadi nagebobebis (kaSxali da masTan dakavSirebuli konstruqciebi, eleqtrosadguri, sadawneo gvirabis mokeTeba da sxv.) asagebad saWiro Semavseblebis miReba ZiriTadad SesaZlebelia tranSeebisa da gvirabis eqskavaciis samuSaoebis Sedegad dagrovili masalisgan. geologiuri daZiebis monacemebis Tanaxmad, gamonamuSevari qanebis Tvisebebi Semdegia: winameoTxeuli SesaZlebelia tufebis nawilobriv meoradad gamoyeneba
Semavseblebad. Tumca, zogierTi fena SeiZleba, garkveuli zomiT forovani iyos, rac gamoricxavs maT gamoyenebas mSeneblobis mizniT mTian ubnebze. savaraudod, naTxari tufebis 20-30% vargisi iqneba betonis namzadis mosamzadeblad.
Sreebrivi vulkanoklastitebis meoradi gamoyeneba betonis samuSaoebze Semavseblebad SeuZlebelia maTSi alevrituli Semadgenlobisa da maRalforovani wvrilmarcvlovani fenebis didi raodenobiT arsebobis gamo.
vulkanitebisa da vulkanoklastitebis meoradi gamoyeneba Semavseblebad SeuZlebelia. maTSi fxvieri fenebis Semcveloba kidev ufro metia, vidre Sreebriv vulkanoklastitebSi.
porfirituli bazaltebisa da andezitebis nawilobriv meoradad gamoyeneba Semavseblebad SesaZlebelia. es masalebi xasiaTdeba kargi mdgradobiT abraziisa da fragmentaciisadmi. yvelaze mniSvnelovani aris is, rom qanis mocemuli tipi nebismier SemTxvevaSi Seicavs SedarebiT fxvieri qanebis fenebs da amdenad, araerTgvarovania. savaraudod, am qanebis mxolod 30-40% iqneba vargisi Semavseblebad gamosayeneblad.
vulkanoklasturi breqCiebi araerTgvarovania mcire masStabebiT da xSirad warmoadgens ubnebs, sadac diageneturi procesebis Sedegad mxolod nawilobriv aris maTi sawyisi forovneba Semcirebuli. amdenad, rekomendebulia, am qanebis gamoyenebisgan Tavis Sekaveba Semavseblebis dasamzadeblad.
meoTxeuli naleqis erTaderTi saxeoba, romelic vargisia, rogorc Semavseblebi, aris aluviuri naleqebi, romelTa Soris yvelaze ufro mizanSewonilia wablaris qveda terasebis aluviuri naleqebis gamoyeneba, radgan wablaris xeobis Sua da zeda ferdobebze gavrcelebuli aluviuri naleqebi xSirad masStaburi gamofitviT xasiaTdeba. wablaris gverdiTi Senakadebis aluviuri naleqebi aseve, vargisia Semavseblebad gamosayeneblad. amdenad, ramdenadac wylis gadagdebis sistemis zeda nawili Seicavs tranSeSi daRrmavebul sadawneo milsadens, am ubnis Txris samuSaoebis Sedegad miiReba garkveuli raodenobis Semavsebeli masala. Semadgenlobis gaTvaliswinebiT, SeiZleba, vivaraudoT, rom am naleqebis 50-70% vargisi iqneba xelmeore gamoyenebisTvis, nawilobriv gacris Semdeg da nawilobriv – xSirad maTi Semadgeneli ramdenimetriani lodebis damsxvrevis Semdeg, romlebic ZiriTadad Sedgeba mtkice qanebisgan. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saWiroa imaze meti Semavseblebi, vidre raodenoba, romelic miiReba eqskavaciis Sedegad, wablaris zogierT terasaze an misi Senakadebis aluviur maraoSi SesaZlebelia karierebis gaxsna.
samSeneblo samuSaobisTvis saWiro inertuli masala mowodebuli unda iyos licenzirebuli karierebidan. garda amisa, SesaZlebelia am mizniT naTxari
117
masalis gamoyenebac (misi Tvisebebebis gaTvaliswinebiT). inertuli masalebis adgilobrivi maragebis gamoyenebisTvis saWiroa winaswari kvleva da licencia mopovebaze. masalebis miwodeba gareSe wyaroebidan moxdeba satransporto gziT. samuSaoebis dawyebamde SemuSavdeba transportis moZraobis marTvis gegma. cementis mowodebas axorcielebs rusTavisa da kaspis cementis qarxnebi, romlebic mdebareobs daaxloebiT 180 km manZilze, arc Tu karg mdgomareobaSi myofi gzebiTa da sarkinigzo punqtebiT. foladis mowodeba xdeba q. zestafonidan, romelic ubnidan daaxloebiT 50 km-iT aris daSorebuli. eleqtromeqanikuri aRWurvilobis importi da mowodeba iwarmoebs zRviT foTis portis gavliT. aqedan sxvadasxva komponentebi igzavneba quTaisSi rkinigziT an pirdapir saavtomobilo gziT. samSeneblo da samontaJo samuSaoebi warmoebs cvlebSi. samuSaoebis sawarmoeblad daqiravebuli muSaxelis raodenoba iqneba minimaluri da amasTan, yovel muSas eqneba ori an meti kvalifikacia. 6.2. samSeneblo samuSaoebi samuSaoebi iwarmoebs or ubanze – wyalmimRebisa da eleqtrosadguris ubnebze. mSeneblobaSi Sedis eqskavaciis samuSaoebi, Txrisa da Cayris samuSaoebi, mokiywyvlis mowyoba, mikroximinjebis mowyoba, betonis samuSaoebi, gvirabis gayvana, xidis mSenebloba, hesis ubanze misadgomi gzebis mowyoba, poligonebis melioracia. mokirwyvla moewyoba qaniT (daaxloebiT 0.8 m3
moculobis) dabetonebiT. saleqari nagebobis kedlis gare nawili mopirkeTdeba igive meTodiT, magram qanis ufro mcire zomis masalis gamoyenebiT (daaxloebiT 0.1 m3). gansakuTrebuli yuradReba mieqceva ekologiur sakiTxebs samSeneblo samuSaoebis warmoebisas mdinaris kalapotSi. Tevzis tofobis periodSi (ianvar-aprilSi) samSeneblo samuSaoebi SeCerdeba. gvirabis gayvana moxdeba burRva-afeTqebiT. gvirabis burRva-afeTqebiTi samuSaoebi Sesruldeba Sesabamisi licenziis mqone qve-kontraqtoris mier. asafeTqebeli masalis miwodeba operaciebis warmoebis ubnebze moxdeba yoveldRiurad, xolo narCenebis gadatana moxdeba ukan, sawyobSi. gvirabis gayvana daiwyeba orive mxridan. qveda biefis mimarTulebiT Txrisas gvirabidan wylis gadasagdebad moewyoba tumbo da saleqaris kamera md. wablariswylis wyalze zemoqmedebis (wylis amRvrevis) Tavidan asacileblad. wyalmimRebi nagebobebis aSenebisTvis saWiro dro damokidebulia saderivacio gvirabis gasayvanad saWiro droze. samuSaoebis saerTo xangrZlivoba iqneba 2 weli. hesis mSeneblobisas mosalodnelia rogorc arasaxifaTo inertuli narCenebis, ise saxifaTo narCenebis warmoqmna. arasaxifaTo narCenebis saxiT SeiZleba, dagrovdes Semdegi saxis narCenebi:
mSeneblobis/gvirabis gayvanisas warmoSobili inertuli narCenebi; mcenareulobis Wrisas warmoSobili narCenebi (SezRuduli
raodenobiT);
118
polieTilenis narCenebi (SesafuTi/saizolacio masala); Savi da feradi liTonis jarTi; niadagis masala; sayofacxovrebo narCenebi da sxv. (sayofacxovrebo narCenebis marTvis
sakiTxebi ganxilulia 6.1 TavSi). inertuli narCenebi. proeqtis Tanaxmad, dagrovili fuWi qanebis moculoba Seadgens 50,000 m3-s. am narCenebis gansaTavseblad SeirCa xuTi sxvadasxva ubani wablaris xeobis gaswvriv (poligoni 1 – gegma 4; poligoni 2 – gegma 3; poligoni 3 – gegma 2; poligonebi 4 da 5 – gegma 1). aRniSnuli ubnebis SerCeva moxda arsebuli landSaftis gaTvaliswinebiT.
119
sur. 52. eleqtrosadguris moednis teritoria poligonebis Sesaxeb informacia mocemulia qvemoT.
xedi aRweriloba
poligoni 1. karieri mdebareobs eleqtrosadguris qvemoT, wablaris marcxena mxares arsebuli aluviuri terasis mcire daxrilobis mqone zedapirze. mocemuli ubnis gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia, rogorc karierad, ise narCenebis ganTavsebis ubnad. SemavseblebisTvis mopovebuli aluviuri qanebi SeiZleba, Canacvldes gvirabis eqskavaciisas amoRebuli masaliT. am ubanze aluviuri qanebi xasiaTdeba Sesaferisi TvisebebiT, radgan isini ukavSirdeba wablaris SedarebiT axalgazrda fazebs da maTze ar umoqmedia gamofitvis procesebs, ris Sedegadac mosalodneli iqneboda fiqlovani an alevrituli dedaqanis warmoqmna. mocemuli ubani geomorfologiurad stabiluri zonaa,
120
romelic warmodgenilia mcired daxrili terasuli zedapiriT. aq grunti warmodgenilia aluviuri naleqebiT, romlebic ganfenilia tufebiT agebul winameoTxeul fundamentze. gasaTvaliswinebelia is faqti, rom mocemul ubanze aucilebelia datborvis sawinaaRmdego nagebobis ageba poligonis eroziis Tavidan asacileblad. aseve, gasaTvaliswinebelia nagavsayrelis am ubnis SesaZlo gafarToeba eleqtrosadguris mimarTulebiT.
poligoni 2. ubani mdebareobs odnav zemoT, Zalzed axlos wablaris kalapotTan. aqac sagebi fena agebulia xelsayreli geoteqnikuri maxasiaTeblebis mqone axali aluviuri naleqebiT. ferdobis arastabilurobis niSnebi ar SeimCneva, magram damcavi nagebobebi aucilebelia eroziuli movlenebis Tavidan asacileblad.
poligoni 3. ubani mdebareobs aluviuri maraos mcired daxril ferdobze. aluviuri marao ukavSirdeba wablaris gverdiT Senakads. ubanze arsebuli mdgomareoba geomorfologiuri TvalsazrisiT xelsayrelia, radgan marao CaWrilia SenakadiT da amdenad, misi zedapiri dakidulia mdinaris kalapots zemoT da masze gavlenas ar axdens eroziuli procesebi. sagebi fena agebulia ramdenime erTeulidan aTeul metramde simZlavris aluviuri naleqebiT. naleqebi sustad gamofitulia da aqvT kargi geoteqnikuri Tvisebebi.
121
poligoni 4. ubani mdebareobs odnav qvemoT da Sedgeba ori seqtorisgan – erTi xeobis fskeris marcxena mxares, xolo meore – mis marjvena mxares. orive ubani ganfenilia kargi geoteqnikuri Tvisebebis mqone aluviur naleqebze. ferdobis aramdgradobis niSnebi arc erT ubanze ar SeimCneva. garda amisa, poligonze ar unda moqmedebdes wablaris eroziuli procesebi, radgan SedarebiT maRali eroziuli flateebi erTmaneTisgan hyofs dasasawyobeblad SerCeuli ubnebis zedapirebsa da mdinaris kalapots. poligoni 5. ubani mdebareobs walaRebis zonaSi. igi gamoiyeneba Semavseblebis dasasawyobeblad. amdenad, sagebi fena mocemul ubanze agebulia aluviur naleqebze ganlagebuli gamomuSavebuli masalebiT. mTeli ubani moqceulia wablaris eroziuli zemoqmedebis qveS da amdenad, damcavi nagebobebis mowyoba aucilebelia.
122
gegmiuri samSeneblo samuSaoebis Sedegad dagrovdeba garkveuli raodenobis liTonis jarTi. dagrovili jarTi Cabardeba jarTis Cambarebel kompaniebs. samSeneblo fazaSi samuSaoebis Sesrulebis procesSi mosalodnelia Semdegi saxisa da raodenobebis saxifaTo narCenebis dagroveba:
hesis Senobis miwisqveSa sivrcisa da damatebiTi gvirabebis mowyobis Semdeg morCenili asafeTqebeli masalis narCenebi – daaxloebiT 8 kg.
sawvavisa da sazeT-sapoxi masalebis narCenebi – daaxl. 40 kg/weli; vadagasuli da mwyobridan gamosuli akumulatorebi – daaxl. 40
c/weli; samSeneblo teqnikis da satransporto saSualebebis zeTis filtrebi
– daaxl. 25 c/weli; rezinis naxmari saburavebi – daaxl. 40 c/weli; SeduRebis eleqtrodebi – daaxl. 50 kg/weli; navTobproduqtebis avariuli daRvris Sedegad navTobis
naxSirwyalbadebiT dabinZurebuli niadagi/grunti – moculoba damokidebulia daRvris masStabze.
saxifaTo narCenebis Senaxva droebiT moxdeba samSeneblo banakSi, specialur nagebobaSi. narCenebis Senaxvisas daculi unda iyos usafrTxoebis zomebi. samSeneblo moednebze warmoqmnili saxifaTo narCenebi mSenebeli kontraqtoris mier am saqmianobisaTvis specialurad gamoyofili transportiT, narCenebis marTvaze dasaqmebuli personalis mier gadmotanili unda iqnas droebiTi ganTavsebis sawyobSi (narCenebis samSeneblo moednebidan gatana unda moxdes dagrovebis Sesabamisad, magram aranakleb sam dReSi erTxel). droebiTi sawyobebidan narCenebis gatanis Semdeg unda gatardes narCenebis marTvis saboloo zomebi (gauvnebelyofa, utilizacia, ganTavseba) Sesabamisi nebarTvis mqone kontraqtoris mier. garda amisa, saWiroa aseTi narCenebis aRricxvis meqanizmis SemuSaveba. adgilze SesaZlebelia mcire daRvrebis (sawvavis/zeTis) SemTxvevaSi warmoqmnili navTobis naxSirwyalbadebiT dabinZurebuli niadagis da gruntis (5-10 m3) remediacia (mag. in situ bioremediacia). didi daRvrebis SemTxvevaSi saWiroa dabinZurebuli niadagis da gruntis moxsna teritoriis gareT gatana da remediacia. dabinZurebis adgilze Setanili unda iqnas axali grunti da Catardes rekultivaciis samuSaoebi. mizanSewonilia dabinZurebuli niadagis da grunti remediaciisaTvis gadaeces am saqmianobaze saTanado nebarTvis mqone kontraqtors. (saxifaTo narCenebis marTvis variantebi mocemulia danarTSi 1).
6.3. eqspluatacia
hidroeleqtrosadguri aRWurvili iqneba peltonis ori turbiniT (vertikaluri RerZebiT, 4-Wavliani). Wavlze minimaluri xarji Seadgens 0.5 m3/wm-s. hesis saangariSo maqsimaluri xarji Seadgens 6 m3/wm-s. wablariswylis bunebrivi xarjis gaTvaliswinebiT hesi sruli datvirTviT imuSavebs mxolod 2-3 Tvis ganmavlobaSi. gadagdeba daregulirdeba
123
mdinaris habitatebis sijansaRisa da sicocxlis SesanarCuneblad saWiro xarjis uzrunvelyofis gaTvaliswinebiT. eqspluataciis etapze hesebze dasaqmdeba 12-15 adamiani. muSaobis reJimi - TiTo 24-saaTiani cvla. cvlaSi imuSavebs minimum 2 operatori. saTave nageboba ar saWiroebs mudmiv zedamxedvelobas, Tumca yoveldRiuri Semowmeba sruliad aucilebelia. eleqtrosadguris ubanze sayofacxovrebo/sakanalizacio Camdinare wylebis mosalodneli moculoba Sefasebulia, rogorc 312.1 m3/weli anu 0.885 m3/dRe. wlis manZilze dagrovili sayofacxovrebo myari narCenebis moculoba Seadgens 12(15) x 0.7=8.4 (10.5) m3-s. sayofacxovrebo narCenebis gatana moxdeba uaxloes nagavsayrelze Sesabamis adgilobriv organoebTan gaformebuli xelSekrulebis safuZvelze. eqspluataciis etapze didi odenobiT narCenebis dagroveba mosalodneli ar aris. garda amisa, sayofacxovrebo narCenebis garda, dagrovdeba iseTi saxifaTo narCenebi, rogoricaa:
turbines zeTebis narCenebi – daaxl. 100 kg/weli;
vadagasuli da mwyobridan gamosuli akumulatorebi – daaxl. 2-3 c/weli;
samSeneblo teqnikis da satransporto saSualebebis zeTis filtrebi – daaxl. 2-3 c/weli;
rezinis naxmari saburavebi – daaxl. 8-10 c/weli; SeduRebis eleqtrodebi – daaxl. 10 kg/weli; navTobproduqtebis avariuli daRvris Sedegad navTobis
naxSirwyalbadebiT dabinZurebuli niadagi/grunti – moculoba damokidebulia daRvris masStabze.
Savi da feradi liTonebis jarTi – daaxl. 20 kg/weli; luminescenturi naTurebi – daaxl. 10 c/weli; lazeruli printeris kartrijebi – daaxl. 3 c/weli; satransformatoro zeTebis gawmendis procesSi warmoqmnili myari
narCenebi – daaxl. 8 kg/weli; da sxva.
saxifaTo narCenebis ganTavsebasa da maT Semdgom marTvas unda axorcielebdes Sesabamisi nebarTvis mqone kontraqtori. saxifaTo narCenebis marTvis variantebi mocemulia danarTSi 1. teqmomsaxureoba/remonti
eqspluataciis etapi (teqmomsaxureoba) periodi
o inspeqtireba: sezonuri, yovelwliuri da xuT weliwadSi erTxel;
o hesis da qvesadguris sezonuri teqmomsaxureba da mowesrigeba;
o yoveldRiuri teqmomsaxureba da inspeqtireba; o turbinebis mdgomareobis monitoringi; o remonti - mag. hidroturbinis rotoris gamocvla da
generatoris remonti (20-40-wliani intervalebiT); o kaSxlis kontroli da teqmomsaxureoba (mwarmoeblis
qarxnis eqspluataciaSi
gaSvebidan 50 wlis manZilze (minimum)
124
instruqciis mixedviT); o saTave nagebobebis infrastruqturis teqmomsaxureoba
saWiroebisamebr; o transformatorebis zeTis gamocvla,
mowyobilobebis SezeTva; o Senobis, SemoRobvis, WiSkris, gamafrTxilebeli
niSnebis, ganaTebis da teritoriis mowesrigeba - saWiroebisamebr;
o qvesadgurebis teritoriis gawmenda mcenareebisgan, eleqtroaRWurvilobis testireba da SekeTeba;
o aRWurvilobis perioduli SekeTeba/teqmomsaxureba.
wyalmimRebisa da saleqaris kameris infrastruqtura
kaSxlis marTva da teqnikuri momsaxureoba; saleqaris gawmenda natanisgan; saleqaris kedlebisa da fskeris SekeTeba saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi; hesis kaSxlis qveda biefebSi ekologiuri (sanitaruli) xarjis
gatarebaze regularuli kontroli. saderivacio milsadeni
sadawneo milsadenebis mdgomareobisa da mdinaris gadakveTebis perioduli Semowmeba erodirebuli ubnebis deteqtirebisa da maTi droulad aRdgenis mizniT;
Jonvis deteqtireba Sesavalze da gamosavalze gazomili xarjis Sedarebis meTodiT.
gvirabi
gvirabis inspeqtireba (funqcionirebis dawyebidan wlis Semdeg, me-3 wels da Semdgom – yovel 5 weliwadSi erTxel), Semowmeba (geofizikuri kvlevis CaTvliT) da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi – cementacia.
sadawneo milsadeni
milebis kedlebisa da SeduRebis nakerebis perioduli (5 weliwadSi erTxel) ultrabgeriTi Semowmeba. SekeTeba saWiroebisamebr.
Jonvis deteqtireba Sesavalze da gamosavalze gazomili wylis xarjis Sedarebis meTodiT.
Zalovani kvanZi da mimdebare infrastruqtura
ZiriTadi teqnologiuri (turbinebi, generatorebi, sxv.) da damxmare mowyobilobebis (sarqvelebi, rabebi, amweebi, tumboebi, sxv.) Semowmeba, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi SekeTeba.
qvesadguri
transformatorebis da amomrTvelebis teqnikuri mdgomareobis
125
vizualuri monitoringi, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi - SekeTeba; transformatorebis qveS arsebuli betonis avzebis vizualuri
monitoringi. SekeTeba - saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi; transformatorebSi zeTis gamocvla/ damateba; teritoriebis mowesrigeba - balaxis Tibva, Robis gayolebaze
sarevela mcenareebis regularuli meqanikuri kontroli; gamafrTxilebeli niSnebis ganaxleba saWiroebisameb.
126
7. SesaZlo zemoqmedeba bunebriv da socialur garemoze
7.1. bunebriv da socialur garemoze hesis SesaZlo zemoqmedeba dagegmili saqmianobis sxvadasxva etapze saqmianoba receptori zemoqmedebis wyaro zemoqmedebis aRwera
mosamzadebeli samuSaoebi (mobilizacia) samSeneblo banakebis
mowyoba, wyalmomaragebis, kanalizaciisa da eleqtromomaragebis uzrunvelyofis sakiTxebis CaTvliT;
manqana-danadgarebisa da spec. teqnikis ganTavseba;
masalebis Semotana-dasawyobeba.
atmosferuli haeri; niadagi (niadagis zeda fena
da qveniadagi); wyali; flora; fauna; infrastruqtura; kulturuli memkvidreoba; mosaxleoba da personali.
transporti, samSeneblo teqnika;
dizel-generatorebi; personali; warmoqmnili narCenebi.
mtveri da gamonabolqvi manqanebis moZraobisas
dizel-generatorebis gamonabolqvi
mtveri miwis samuSaoebis warmoebis dros
xmauri da vibracia (manqana-danadgarebi)
xmauri (xalxi)
niadagis dabinZureba (daRvrili sawvavi, zeTebi, narCenebi)
niadagis datkepna manqanebis moZraobis gamo
niadagis nayofieri fenis dazianeba
miwis sakuTrebis statusis droebiTi Secvla
wylis SesaZlo dabinZureba daRvrili sawvaviT/zeTebiT, miwiT, narCenebiT (zedapiruli wylis obieqtis maxloblad samuSaoebis warmoebisas).
mcenareuli safaris dazianeba-moWra, balaxis datkepna (pirdapiri zemoqmedeba)
mcenareuli safaris dazianeba - gamonabolqvis, daRvrili sawvavi/zeTebis gamo (iribi zemoqmedeba)
faunis SeSfoTeba adamianebisa da teqnikis moZraobis Sedegad
narCenebi - myari, Txevadi
zemoqmedeba satransporto nakadebze
samuSaoebis dros personalis SesaZlo travmatizmi.
adamianebisa da saqonlis/cxovelebis Tavisufal gadaadgilebaze zemoqmedeba
zemoqmedeba infrastruqturaze (mag. gzis safarze).
vizualur-landSafturi cvlilebebi. mSeneblobis etapi napirdamcavi nagebobebis,
kaSxlisa da mimdebare infrastruqturis mowyoba;
xidis (mdinaris gadakveTis) ageba;
atmosferuli haeri transporti;
samSeneblo teqnika;
dizel-generatorebi.
mtveri da gamonabolqvi airebi;
SeduRebis aerozolebi.
niadagi (niadagis zeda fena da qveniadagi)
manqanebi/ samSeneblo teqnika;
dizel-generatorebi.
niadagis datkepna manqanebiT da samSeneblo teqnikiT
niadagis dabinZureba (daRvrili
127
gvirabis mSenebloba; sadawneo milsadenis
mowyoba; hidroeleqtrosadgurisa da
misadgomi gzebis (saWiroebisamebr) mSenebloba;
qvesadguris ageba; narCenebis gatana; gvirabis wylis gadagdeba
(saWiroebisamebr); aRWurvilobis Semotana.
miwis samuSaoebi;
narCenebi.
sawvavi/zeTebi, narCenebi, maT Soris Txevadi)
zemoqmedeba niadagis stabilurobaze
nayofieri fenis SesaZlo dazianeba
miwis sakuTrebis statusis droebiTi da mudmivi Secvla.
wyali manqanebi/ samSeneblo teqnika;
miwis samuSaoebi;
betonis samuSaoebi;
narCenebi.
wylis dabinZureba (daRvrili sawvaviT/zeTebiT, narCenebiT, maT Soris Txevadi narCenebiTac);
wylis dabinZureba (Setivtivebuli myari narCenebiT);
dinebis blokireba – hidrologiuri reJimis darRvevis riski.
flora da fauna (maT Soris wylis)
manqanebi/ samSeneblo teqnika;
personali.
pirdapiri zemoqmedeba (Sejaxeba, dafrTxoba);
iribi zemoqmedeba (haeris dabinZureba, niadagis dabinZureba/datkepvna, sxva.);
habitatebis droebiTi da mudmivi fragmentacia (danawevreba);
Tavisufali gadaadgilebis SezRudva;
xmauri da vibracia;
wylis dabinZureba (amRvreva). mosaxleoba da personali manqanebi/ samSeneblo
meqanizmebi. mtveri da gamonabolqvi airebi;
xmauri; personalis SesaZlo travmatizmi samuSaoebis
warmoebisas;
miwis farTobebis dakargva (fizikuri-ekonomikuri gansaxleba);
adamianebisa da saqonlis/cxovelebis Tavisufali gadaadgilebis SezRudva;
adgilobrivi mosaxleobis dasaqmebis SesaZlebloba uSualod mSeneblobaze da momsaxure sferoebSi (dadebiTi efeqti).
funqcionirebis etapi niadagi transporti, samSeneblo teqnika;
narCenebi (myari, Txevadi).
niadagis dabinZureba narCenebis arasaTanado menejmentis SemTxvevaSi;
niadagis dabinZureba (sawvavis/zeTebis daRvrisas).
wyali narCenebi. wylis dabinZureba narCenebis arasaTanado menejmentis SemTxvevaSi.
flora kaSxali /wyalmimRebi;
qvesadguri.
zemoqmedeba Walis mcenareebze wyaldidobis/datborvisa da wyalmcirobis SemTxvevaSi.
fauna arxis morfologiis Secvla;
habitatebis ekologiuri degradacia an moSla;
grZivi kavSirebis moSla gauvali
128
kaSxali /wyalmimRebi;
wylis dabinZureba sayofacxovrebo da samrewvelo sakanalizacio narCenebiT, Camdinare nakadebiT da atmosferuli emisiebiT (SO2, mJavuri wvimebi da sxv.);
Setborva;
naleqis xarjis cvlileba;
xalxi;
hesis agregatebi;
qvesadguri.
dabrkolebebis SemTxvevaSi;
SesaZlo zemoqmedeba Tevzebis migraciaze;
xmauri;
eleqtromagnituri veli;
meTevzeobis gavlena Tevzis populaciebze;
kaSxlis ukan Setborvis gazrdili kveTebi amcirebs nakadis siCqares da nakadis cvlilebas;
wvrilmarcvlovani naleqis gazrdili tempiT daleqva tborebSi, romelic faravs uxeSmarcvlovan sageb fenas, rac iwvevs sxvadasxva marcvlovanebis ganlagebis cvlilebas;
wylis temperatura izrdeba nakadis Semcirebuli siCqaris gamo da wylis gaCerebis dro SetborvebSi ufro xangrZlivia;
SetborvebSi SeiZleba, adgili hqondes Jangbadis deficits, radgan wylis JangbadTan bmis unari misi gaTbobis gamo mcirdeba da imis gamo, rom atmosferuli Jangbadis STanTqma haerisa da wylis Sexebis zedapirTan Semcirebulia Semcirebuli turbulentobis gamo.
mosaxleoba da personali hesis agregatebi;
qvesadguri.
xmauri;
eleqtromagnituri veli; personalis SesaZlo travmatizmi samuSaoebis
dros;
adgilobrivi mosaxleobis dasaqmebis SesaZlebloba (dadebiTi efeqti).
teqmomsaxuroba/remonti zemoqmedeba damokidebulia teqmomsaxureobis/remontis specifikaze, samuSaoTa moculobasa da warmoebis adgilze. zemoqmedeba teqmomsaxurebisas ar gansxvavdeba mSeneblobis procesSi msgavsi xasiaTis samuSaoebis warmoebisas mosalodneli zemoqmedebisagan.
funqcionirebis Sewyveta SesaZlebelia ori varianti : 1. dakonserveba - am SemTxvevaSi SenarCunebuli unda iyos yvela arsebuli struqtura. SenarCundes teritoriis
SemoRobva da dacva. 2. saqmianobis sruli Sewyveta- aRWurvilobis da infrastruqturis demontaJi, narCenebis gatana/utilizacia,
gvirabis daxurva da teritoriis rekultivacia . Tumca Cveulebriv, sicocxlis vadis amowurvis Semdeg, daxurvis nacvlad tardeba sistemis kapitaluri remonti da obieqti agrZelebs funqcionirebs.
obieqtis likvidaciis SemTxvevaSi unda Sedges Sesabamisi samoqmedo gegma. savaraudo zemoqmedeba iqneba mSeneblobis procesSi mosalodnelis analogiuri. yuradReba unda mieqces narCenebis, maT Soris SesaZlo saxifaTo narCenebis, menejmentis sakiTxebs. unda SemuSavdes teritoriis rekultivaciis gegma.
129
7.2. skriningi
gszS angariSSi yvela saxis potenciuri zemoqmedebis aRwera ar aris aucilebeli, Tu gszS dokumentis saerTo midgoma ZiriTadad mimarTulia “mniSvnelovan ekologiur zemoqmedebebze”. gszS angariSis Sinaarsisa da moculobis Sesaxeb miTiTeba mocemulia EC direqtiviT 97/11, romelic sxva sakiTxebTan erTad iTvaliswinebs Semdegi problemebis gadaWrasac: “garemos aspeqtebi, romlebzec savaraudod, mniSvnelovan zemoqmedebas iqoniebs SemoTavazebuli proeqti, raSic Sedis mosaxleoba, fauna, flora, niadagi, wyali, haeri, klimaturi faqtorebi, materialuri aqtivebi, maT Soris arqiteqturuli da arqeologiuri memkvidreoba, landSafti da maTi urTierTkavSiri zemoCamoTvlil faqtorebTan”. proeqtis samuSaoTa moculobisa da saproeqto qmedebebis specifikis gaTvaliswinebiT, Semdegi sakiTxebi amoRebuli iqna gasaTvaliswinebel sakiTxTa siidan:
zemoqmedebaTa saxeebi, romelTa gaTvaliswinebac ar moxda
gauTvaliswineblobis safuZveli
mobilizacia (mosamzadebeli samuSaoebi) zemoqmedeba dacul teritoriebze proeqtis zemoqmedebis zonaSi daculi
teritoriebi ar aris moqceuli. zemoqmedeba satransporto nakadebze
dabali fonuri satransporto moZraoba
zemoqmedeba sagzao safarze ar eqneba adgili SezRuduli satransporto moZraobis gamo
zemoqmedeba arqeologiur da kulturul memkvidreobaze
dagegmili ganviTarebis xasiaTis gaTvaliswinebiT, istoriul Zeglebze zemoqmedeba mosalodneli ar aris. arsebuli marSrutis gaswvriv arqeologiuri ubnebis arseboba ar dasturdeba.
vibracia miwis vibraciis kontrolTan dakavSirebiT raime saerTaSoriso norma da miTiTeba ar arsebobs. normebiT ZiriTadad gaTvaliswinebulia zRvrebi, romelTa mixedviTac xdeba dazianebis klasifikacia kosmetikur (bewvbzarebis SemTxvevaSi), mcire (didi bzarebis SemTxvevaSi) da seriozul (konstruqciuli elementebis dazianebis SemTxvevaSi) dazianebebad. dagegmili saqmianobis samuSaoTa moculobis gaTvaliswinebiT, miRebuli iqna gadawyvetileba, rom mocemuli zemoqmedebis ar iqnas gaTvaliswinebuli.
saxifaTo geodinamikuri procesebi mobilizaciis etapze mosalodneli ar aris. mSenebloba da teqmomsaxureoba eqspluataciis etapze zemoqmedeba dacul teritoriebze proeqtis zemoqmedebis zonaSi daculi
teritoriebi ar aris moqceuli. zemoqmedeba arqeologiur da dagegmili ganviTarebis xasiaTis
130
kulturul memkvidreobaze gaTvaliswinebiT, istoriul Zeglebze zemoqmedeba mosalodneli ar aris. arsebuli marSrutis gaswvriv arqeologiuri ubnebis arseboba ar dasturdeba.
funqcionireba zemoqmedeba dacul teritoriebze proeqtis zemoqmedebis zonaSi daculi
teritoriebi ar aris moqceuli. zemoqmedeba satransporto nakadebze
dabali fonuri satransporto moZraoba
zemoqmedeba sagzao safarze ar eqneba adgili mcire satransporto nakadis gamo.
131
8. bunebriv da socialur garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefaseba
8.1. mavne nivTierebaTa emisiebi atmosferul haerSi
8.1.1. zemoqmedebis Sefasebis meTodologia
atmosferuli haeris xarisxze zemoqmedeba Sefasda saqarTvelos normatiuli dokumentis Tanaxmad, romelic adgens janmrTelobisTvis usafrTxo haeris xarisxis standartebs.
cxrili 23. atmosferuli haeris xarisxze zemoqmedeba (ranJireba)
ranJireb
a
kategoria xanmokle
koncentracia (<24 sT.)
xangrZlivi koncentracia
(>24 sT.) wliuri emisia
mtvris gavrceleba (xangrZlivad an
xSirad)
1 Zalian dabali C <0.5 zdk C <0.1 zdk wliuri emisia qveynis wliuri emisiebis 0.5%-ze naklebia
SeumCneveli zrda
2 dabali 0.5 zdk<C<0.75 zdk 0.1 zdk<C<0.2 zdk wliuri emisia qveynis wliuri emisiebis 0.5–2%–ia
SesamCnevi zrda
3 saSualo 0.75 zdk<C<1 zdk 0.2 zdk<C<0.5 zdk wliuri emisia qveynis wliuri emisiebis 2–5%–ia
umniSvnelod awuxebs mosaxleobas, Tumca uaryofiT gavlenas ar axdens janmrTelobaze.
4 maRali 1 zdk<C<1.5 zdk 0.5 zdk<C<1 zdk wliuri emisia qveynis wliuri emisiebis 5–10%–ia
sakmaod awuxebs mosaxleobas da gansakuTrebiT - mgrZnobiare pirebs.
5 Zalian maRali C>1.5 zdk C>1 zdk wliuri emisia qveynis wliuri emisiebis 10%–ze metia
Zalian awuxebs mosaxleobas, moqmedebs janmrTelobaze.
SeniSvna. C – savaraudo koncentracia garemoSi fonis gaTvaliswinebiT.
8.1.2. mSeneblobis etapi
ganxorcielda spec. teqnikisa da samSeneblo manqanebis Zravebidan damabinZurebel nivTierebaTa gafrqvevis da araorganuli mtvris emisiis gaangariSeba. saproeqto hesis infrastruqturis obieqtebi ganTavsebulia dasaxlebuli da industriuli zonebidan mniSvnelovnad dacilebul teritoriebze. amdenad, erovnuli dadgenilebebis Tanaxmad, SeiZleba, dabinZurebis fonuri maCveneblebi SegviZlia miviRoT nulis tolad. samSeneblo samuSaoebis zemoqmedeba haeris xarisxze gamoTvlili iqna saproeqto ubnidan uaxloesi recipientis – udabnos mineraluri wyaros - manZilis gaTvaliswinebiT (daaxl. 200 m). meqanizmebze sxvadasxva datvirTvis gasaTvaliswineblad gaangariSebuli iqna baTqiT gamoyofili emisiis
132
mniSvneloba 30-wuTian periodSi. mxedvelobaSi iqna miRebuli rogorc araorganuli (mtveri), ise organuli damabinZureblebi. gabnevis angariSis analizi - qvemoT mocemuli cxrili iZleva saxifaTo nivTierebebis koncentraciis dadgenil maqsimalur mniSvnelobebs zdk7 erTeulebSi uaxloesi recipientis sazRvarTan dadgenil sakontrolo wertilebSi.
kodi nivTierebis dasaxeleba damabinZurebeli nivTierebebis koncentracia zdk erTeulebSi
0301 azotis dioqsidi 0.27 0304 azotis oqsidi 0.0091 0328 Wvartli 0.02 0330 gogirdis dioqsidi 0.0046 0337 naxSirbadis oqsidi 0.0036 2732 najeri naxSirwyalbadebi 0.0044 2908 araorganuli mtveri 0.06 2909 araorganuli mtveri 0.12 6009
(0301+0330) jamuri zemoqmedebis jgufi 0.27
6046 (0337+2908)
jamuri zemoqmedebis jgufi 0.07
rogorc modelirebis Sedegebi cxadyofs, calkeuli damabinZurebeli nivTierebebisa da jamuri zemoqmedebis jgufebis savaraudo koncentraciebi naklebia zdk mniSvnelobebze samSeneblo ubnidan daaxloebiT 200 m manZilze. gamomdinare cxrilis analizidan da agreTve im garemoebidan, rom danarCeni samSeneblo moednebi mniSvnelovani manZiliTaa dacilebuli sacxovrebeli zonebidan da atmosferul haerSi mavne nivTierebebis gavrcelebiT gamowveuli zemoqmedeba ar iqneba mniSvnelovani. gasaTvaliswinebelia is faqti, rom udabnos mineraluri wyaro, romelic samSeneblo ubanTan mdebare uaxloesi recipienti, funqcionirebs sezonurad da amdenad, zemoqmedeba kidev ufro naklebi iqneba da damokidebuli iqneba samuSaoTa warmoebis grafikze. samuSaoebma, romelTa Sedegadac mtveri warmoiSveba, SeiZleba, zemoqmedeba moaxdinos muSebze. zemoqmedebis Semcirebis mizniT personals daurigdeba dacvis individualuri saSualebebi. garda mosaxleobaze/muSebze zemoqmedebisa, haeris xarisxis droebiTma daqveiTebam SeiZleba, gavlena moaxdinos adgilobriv florasa/mcenareulobasa da faunaze. damabinZurebeli airebi an maTi narevebis koncentraciebi samuSaoebis intensiurobis gaTvaliswinebiT, mniSvnelovani ar iqneba. mtvriT gamowveul zemoqmedebas (mzis sinaTlis dabneleba, RreCoebis amovseba da maTi CO2 gamtarobis Semcireba da maTi imavdrouli urTierTqmedeba II fotosistemasTan (proteinis pirveli kompleqsi fotosinTezis sinaTlis fazebSi) adgili eqneba mxolod samSeneblo samuSaoebis warmoebisas da misi Serbileba SesaZlebelia
7 zdk – zRvrulad dasaSvebi koncentracia
133
samuSaoebis saTanado menejmentis xarjze. rac Seexeba zemoqmedebas faunaze (roogrc xmeleTis, ise wylis), igi umniSvnelo iqneba da gamoixateba imiT, rom teqnikisa da adamianebis arseboba ubanze da aseve, samuSaoebiT gamowveuli xmauri daafrTxobs cxovelebs. emisia ar iqneba im masStabis, rom gamoiwvios zedapiruli wylis xarisxis daqveiTeba, anu zemoqmedeba moaxdinos hidrobiontebze.
8.1.3. eqspluataciis etapi
operirebis procesSi emisiis wyaroebi arc wyalmimRebis da arc Zalovani kvanZis teritoriaze ar iarsebebs. wyalsacavis Seqmna navaraudevi ar aris. amgvarad ar aris mosalodneli aorTqlebis da Sesabamisad haeris tenianobis zrda da klimatis cvlileba. eqspluataciis dros emisiebi mosalodnelia teqmomsaxurebis/remontis dros. emisiebis moculoba da zemoqmedebis done damokidebuli iqneba Casatarebeli samuSaoebis masStabze, xangrZlivobaze da samuSaoebis warmoebis adgilze. Tumca es zemoqmedeba droSi SezRuduli da Seqcevadi iqneba.
8.1.4. zemoqmedebis Sefaseba
zemoxsenebulis gaTvaliswinebiT, zemoqmedebis Sefaseba moxda Semdegi klasifikaciiT: mSenebloba eqspluatacia xasiaTi (dadebiTi/uaryofiTi, pirdapiri/arapirdapiri)
uaryofiTi, pirdapiri, arapirdapiri
uaryofiTi
sidide (Zalian dabali, dabali, saSualo, maRali, Zalian maRali)
dabali-saSualo dabali
albaToba (dabali, saSualo, maRali riski)
maRali dabali
zemoqmedebis areali (samuSao ubani, saproeqto areali an regioni)
samuSao ubani samuSao ubani
xangrZlivoba (mokle, saSualo, grZelvadiani)
mokle mokle
Seqcevadoba (Seqcevadi/Seuqcevadi) Seqcevadi Seqcevadi
simwvave mcire mcire
8.1.5. Semarbilebeli zomebi
mSeneblobisa da operirebis (eqspluataciis) zemoqmedeba atmosferuli
haeris xarisxze klasificirebuli iqna, rogorc mცire. eqspluataciis etapze emisiebis arseboba mosalodnelia mxolod teqmomsaxureobis/remontis warmoebisas. zemoqmedebis kontrolis mizniT rekomendebulia Semdegi zomebis miReba:
manqana-danadgarebis teqnikuri gamarTulobis uzrunvelyofa;
134
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi (mag., mSral amindSi) mtvris emisiis Sesamcireblad saTanado RonisZiebebis gatareba (mag. samuSao ubnis morwyva, fxvieri samSeneblo masalebis Senaxvis wesebis dacva da sxv);
miwis samuSaoebis warmoebis da masalebis datvirTva-gadmotvirTvisas mtvris Warbi emisiis Tavidan asacileblad sifrTxilis zomebis miReba (mag. datvirTva-gadmotvirTvisas didi simaRlidan masalis dayris akrZalva);
transportis moZraobis optimaluri siCqaris dacva; saWiroebisamebr personalis uzrunvelyofa dacvis individualuri
saSualebebiT (respiratorebi); personalis instruqtaJi (pirveli treningi da Semdgom TiTojer
yovel 6 TveSi erTxel); saCivrebis Semosvlis SemTxvevaSi maTi dafiqsireba/aRricxva da
saTanado reagireba.
8.1.6. narCeni zemoqmedebis Sefaseba
cxrili 24. atmosferuli haeris xarisxis gauareseba emisiebis Sedegad – Sejameba
faza zemoqmedebisa da zemoqmedebis wyaroebis aRwera
zemoqmedebis receptorebi
narCeni zemoqmedebis
daxasiaTeba da Sefaseba
135
mSeneb
lobis
etapi
mtvris, wvis produqtebis, SeduRebis aerozolebisa da sxva mavne nivTierebaTa emisia atmosferul haerSi mtveris wyaro - miwisa da burRva-
afeTqebis samuSaoebi, nayari samSeneblo masalebis transportireba, Senaxva-gamoyeneba, sxva.
wvis produqtebis wyaro - samuSaoebi, romelic saWiroebs samSeneblo da spec. teqnikis gamoyenebas, m.S. miwis samuSaoebi, samSeneblo masalebis transportireba, infrastruqturis mowyoba, misasvleli gzebis, Camdinare wylebis arinebisa da gawmendis sistemebis mSenebloba, sxva.
SeduRebis aerozolebis wyaro - liTonis konstruqciebis samontaJo samuSaoebi
- sxva mavne nivTierebaTa wyaro - ubanze arsebuli qimiuri nivTierebebis (sawvav-sapoxi masala, saRebavebi da sxva) airadi emisiebi
mosaxleoba, proeqtis muSaxeli, biomravalferovneba.
pirdapiri, uaryofiTi, droebiTi (≈3 weli) zemoqmedeba. damabinZureblebis savaraudo koncentracia uaxloes recipientTan (200 m daSorebiT) meryeobs 0.0036-0.27 zdk farglebSi. xarisxi: mcire
136
8.2. xmauris gavrceleba
8.2.1. zemoqmedebis Sefasebis meTodologia
saqarTvelos teritoriaze xmauris gavrcelebis doneebi regulirdeba dokumentiT “sanitaruli normebi 2.2.4/2.1.8 003/004-01. xmauri samuSao adgilebze, sacxovrebeli da sazogadoebrivi Senobebis saTavsebSi da sacxovrebeli ganaSenianebis teritoriebze”. xmauris done ar unda aWarbebdes mocemuli dokumentiT dadgenil sidideebs. cxrili 25. xmaurTan dakavSirebuli zemoqmedebis Sefasebis kriteriumebi
ranJireb
a
kategoria sacxovrebeli zona samuSao, samrewvelo an
komerciuli zona
1 Zalian dabali akustikuri foni gaizarda 3 db-ze naklebiT, sacxovrebel zonaSi dRis saaTebSi <50 db, xolo Ramis saaTebSi <45 db.
akustikuri foni gaizarda 3 db-ze naklebiT da <70 db.
2 dabali akustikuri foni gaizarda 3-5db-iT, sacxovrebel zonaSi dRis saaTebSi <55 db, xolo Ramis saaTebSi <45 db.
akustikuri foni gaizarda 3-5 db-iT da <70 db.
3 saSualo akustikuri foni gaizarda 6-10 db-iT sensitiur receptorebTan,
>70 db, akustikuri foni gaizarda 6-10 db-iT sensitiur
eqspl
uat
acii
s etapi
mtvris, wvis produqtebis, SeduRebis aerozolebis da sxva mavne nivTierebaTa emisia atmosferul haerSi teq. momsaxurebis / saremonto samuSaoebis dros mtvris wyaro - miwis, nayari
samSeneblo masalebis transportireba, Senaxva-gamoyeneba, sxva.
wvis produqtebis wyaro - samSeneblo da spec. teqnikis muSaoba.
SeduRebis aerozolebis wyaro - liTonis konstruqciebis samontaJo/sademontaJo samuSaoebi
- sxva mavne nivTierebaTa wyaro - ubanze arsebuli qimiuri nivTierebebis (sawvav-sapoxi masala, saRebavebi da sxva) airadi emisiebi
mosaxleoba, proeqtis muSaxeli
pirdapiri, uaryofiTi, droebiTi, xanmokle zemoqmedeba. xarisxi: mcire
137
sacxovrebel zonaSi dRis saaTebSi >55 db, xolo Ramis saaTebSi >45 db.
receptorebTan.
4 maRali akustikuri foni gaizarda 10 db-ze metiT sensitiur receptorebTan, sacxovrebel zonaSi dRis saaTebSi >70 db, xolo Ramis saaTebSi >45 db.
>70 db, akustikuri foni gaizarda 10 db-ze metiT sensitiur receptorebTan.
5 Zalian maRali akustikuri foni gaizarda 10 db-ze metiT sensitiur receptorebTan, sacxovrebel zonaSi dRis saaTebSi >70 db da axlavs tonaluri an implusuri xmauri, xolo Ramis saaTebSi >45 db.
>70 db, axlavs tonaluri an implusuri xmauri.
8.2.2. mSeneblobis etapi
xmauris warmoqmna mosalodnelia or ubanze: wyalmimRebis ubanზე da Zalovani kvanZis ubanze wyalmimRebi igeba kurort udabnos Senobis maxloblad (minimaluri manZili 40 m). eleqtrosadguri Sendeba dasaxlebuli ubnebidan moSorebiT. dasaxlebul ubnebze zemoqmedeba mosalodneli ar aris. xmauri gaangariSebuli iqna qvemoT moyvanili gantolebebiT. xmauris wyaroebis doneebi jamdeba Semdegi formuliT:
n
i
Lpi
1
1,010lg10 ,
sadac piL i-uri xmauris wyaros simZlavre.
samizne wertilSi bgeriTi wnevis oqtavuri doneebi gamoiTvleba Semdegi formuliT:
L L r Фr
p
a 15 10
100010lg lg lg ,
sadac
Lp xmauris wyaros bgeriTi wnevis doneebia oqtavur zolebSi; Ф xmauris wyaros mimarTulebis uganzomilebo koeficientia, gazomili empiriulad. misi mniSvneloba meryeobs 1-8 farglebSi bgeris gamosxivebis sivrciTi kuTxis mixedviT; r manZilia xmauris wyarodan saangariSo wertilamde; bgeris gamosxivebis sivrciTi kuTxea da sivrceSi ganTavsebisas: 4 , zedapirze ganTavsebisas: 2 , orwaxnaga kuTxeSi ganTavsebisas: , xolo samwaxnaga kuTxeSi ganTavsebisas: 2/ ;
a bgeris milevaa atmosferoSi (db/km), romelic mocemulia cxrilSi
qvemoT. oqtavuri zolebis saSualo geometriuli sixSireebi, hc.
63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000
0 , db/km 0 0.3 1.1 2.8 5.2 9.6 25 83
138
xmauris done samSeneblo moedanze da uaxloes recipientTan Sefasda ubnebze xmauris yvela potenciuri wyaros gaTvaliswinebiT.
cxrili 26. xmauris mniSvnelobebi ubani ZiriTadi
momuSave manqana-
mowyobilobebi
xmauris eqviv. done generac. adgilze,
dba
manZili uaxloes
receptoramde, m
xmauris eqv. done uaxloes receptorTan,
dba
norma
8
wyalmimRebi, ZiriTadi banaki
satvirTo manqanebi
eqskavatori
buldozeri
amwe
saburRi manqana
generatori
betonis Semrevi
samsxvrevela
wylis/ betonis tumboebi
94 30-50 73-69
dRis
saaTeb
Si
– 55 db, Ramis
saaTeb
Si
– 45 db.
hesis Senoba, qvesadguri, banaki
satvirTo manqanebi
eqskavatori
kompresori
generatori
buldozeri
amwe
wylisa da betonis tumboebi
betonis Semrevi
90
gamoTvlebi warmoebda sam sxvadasxva wertilSi yvela SesaZlo manqana-danadgaris erTdrouli muSaobis gaTvaliswinebiT da xmauris minimaluri ekranirebis daSvebiT (yvelaze araxelsayreli scenari). gaTvlebma cxadyo, rom wyalmimRebis infrastruqturis samSeneblo samuSaoebiT gamowveuli xmauri udabnos mineraluri wyaros teritoriaze scdeba dasaSveb zRvrebs. Tumca, zemoqmedebas adgili eqneba mxolod samSeneblo samuSaoebis warmoebisas. xmauris gavrcelebiT gamowveuli zemoqmedeba mniSvnelovani iqneba adgilobriv velur binebaze, rac dakavSirebuli iqneba cxovelTa sxvadasxva saxeobebis migraciasTan sxva ubnebze.
8 sanitaruli normebi “xmauri samuSao adgilebze, sazogadoebriv SenobebSi, sacxovrebel saxlebsa da dasaxlebul ubnebze”.
139
8.2.3. eqspluatacia
hesis eqspluataciis procesSi xmauris gavrcelebis ZiriTad wyaros 2 hidroturbina warmoadgens. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom tipiuri hidroturbinebis sapasporto monacemebis mixedviT xmauris maxasiaTeblebi Seadgens 96 dba-s, orive turbinis erTdroulad muiSaoebis SemTxvevaSi xmauris eqvivalenturi done generaciis adgilze 99 db-s miaRwevs. erTdroulad momuSave turbinebis raodenoba
xmauris eqvivalenturi done xmauris
warmoqmnis wertilSi, db
norma9
ori turbina 99 dRis saaTebSi – 55 db Ramis saaTebSi – 45 db erTi turbina 96
turbinis muSaobiT warmoqmnili xmauri STainTqmeba/mcirdeba daxSuli korpusisa (turbinis garsacmisa) da Senobebis konstruqciis xarjze. hesis ubnis mdebareobis gaTvaliswinebiT (moSorebiT sacxovrebeli zonidan), sacxovrebel ubnebze zemoqmedeba mosalodneli ar aris. zemoqmedeba teqmomsaxureobis/saremonto samuSaoebis warmoebisas iqneba xanmokle da damokidebulia samuSaoebis moculobasa da xangrZlivobaze. xmauris zemoqmedebis SemTxvevaSi personals unda daurigdes yursacmebi. samanqano darbazis samuSao ofisSi unda moewyos tixrebi specialuri, xmagaumtari masaliT. zemoqmedeba velur bunebaze. xmauris wyaroebis (turbinebis) zemoqmedeba Semcirdeba Semosvisa da Senobebis konstruqciis xarjze.
8.2.4. zemoqmedebis Sefaseba
zemoxsenebulis gaTvaliswinebiT, zemoqmedebis Sefaseba moxda Semdegi klasifikaciiT: mSenebloba eqspluatacia xasiaTi (dadebiTi/uaryofiTi, pirdapiri/arapirdapiri)
uaryofiTi, pirdapiri
uaryofiTi
sidide (Zalian dabali, dabali, saSualo, maRali, Zalian maRali)
maRali-saSualo (wyalmimRebis ubani)
0 (wyalmimRebis ubani), dabali -saSualo) hesis Senobis gareT); maRali (SenobaSi)
albaToba (dabali, saSualo, maRali riski)
maRali maRali
zemoqmedebis areali (samuSao ubani, saproeqto areali an regioni)
samuSao ubani samuSao ubani
xangrZlivoba (mokle, saSualo, grZelvadiani)
mokle grZelvadiani
9 sanitaruli normebi “xmauri samuSao adgilebze, sazogadoebriv SenobebSi, sacxovrebel saxlebsa da dasaxlebul ubnebze”.
140
Seqcevadoba (Seqcevadi/Seuqcevadi) Seqcevadi Seqcevadi
simwvave mcire mcire, maRali (SenobaSi)
8.2.5. Semarbilebeli zomebi
xmauris Semarbilebel zomebSi Sedis: manqana-danadgarebis teqnikuri gamarTulobis uzrunvelyofa; kbilana gadacemis uqmi svlaze muSaoba; “xmauriani” samuSaoebis warmoeba dRis saaTebSi; wyalaRebis ubanze samSeneblo samuSaoebis iseT periodebSi dagegmva,
rodesac mineraluri wyaros kurorti ar funqcionirebs; yursacmebis/yuris sacobebis darigeba personalze; personalis instruqtaJi (pirveli treningi da Semdgom TiTojer
yovel 6 TveSi erTxel); saCivrebis Semosvlis SemTxvevaSi maTi dafiqsireba/aRricxva da
saTanado reagireba.
8.2.6. narCeni zemoqmedebis Sefaseba
cxrili 27. xmauris zemoqmedeba – Sejameba zemoqmedebisa da zemoqmedebis wyaroebis aRwera
zemoqmedebis receptorebi zemoqmedebis daxasiaTeba da Sefaseba
mSeneblobis etapi xmauris gavrceleba wyaroebi – sxvadasxva samSeneblo samuSaoebisas, aseve, masalisa da muSaxelis transportirebisas gamoyenebuli manqana-danadgarebi da spec. teqnika.
mosaxleoba, muSaxeli, axlomaxlo mobinadre cxovelebi.
pirdapiri, uaryofiTi, droebiTi zemoqmedeba, gavrcelebis maqs. areali - 1 km samuSao zonidan. zemoqmedeba axlomdebare macxovreblebze: xmauris Semcireba udabnos teritoriaze damokidebulia mSeneblobis grafikze. xarisxi: saSualo zemoqmedeba muSaxelze: mosalodneli akustikuri foni samuSao ubnebze Seadgens 98,8 db-s, xolo mSeneblobis ubanze – 93,6 db-s. xarisxi: saSualo zemoqmedeba velur bunebaze: mosalodnelia cxovelebis droebiTi dafrTxoba. xarisxi: saSualo
eqspluataciis etapi
141
xmauris gavrceleba haerSi - hesebis eqspluataciisas -
hidroturbinebis muSaoba; - qvesadguris muSaobiT gamowveuli
xmauri; - teqmomsaxureobis/saremonto
samuSaoebisas – gamoyenebuli manqanebi da spec. teqnika.
mosaxleoba axlomdebare dasaxlebebSi, proeqtis muSaxeli, axlomaxlo mobinadre cxovelebi.
zemoqmedeba muSaxelze: mosalodneli akustikuri foni samuSao ubnebze Seadgens 99 db-s. xarisxi: saSualo-mcire. zemoqmedeba cxovelebze: teqmomsaxureobisa da saremonto samuSaoebis warmoebisas mosalodnelia droebiTi zemoqmedeba cxovelebze (dafrTxoba). turbinebiTa da transformatoriT gamowveuli mudmivi xmauri (cxovelebis adaptirebis unaris gaTvaliswinebiT). xarisxi: mcire.
8.3. zemoqmedeba niadagze
8.3.1. zemoqmedebis Sefasebis meTodologia
niadagze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis proeqtSi gamoyenebuli kriteriumebi mocemulia qvemoT.
cxrili 28. niadagze, gruntsa da fskerul naleqebze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis kriteriumebi
ranJireb
a
kategoria niadagis nayofieri fenis ganadgureba
niadagis/gruntis dabinZureba
fskeruli naleqis dabinZureba
1 Zalian dabali samudamod ganadgurda saproeqto teritoriis 3%-ze naklebi
niadagis/gruntis fonuri mdgomareoba SeumCnevlad Seicvala.
fskeruli naleqebis fonuri mdgomareoba SeumCnevlad Seicvala.
2 dabali samudamod ganadgurda saproeqto teritoriis 3-10%
damabinZurebeli nivTierebebis koncentracia gaizarda 25%-ze naklebiT, magram dasaSveb sidides ar aRemateba. niadagis/gruntis xarisxis aRsadgenad saWiroa 6 Tve.
damabinZurebeli nivTierebebis koncentracia gaizarda 25%-ze naklebiT. xarisxis aRsadgenad saWiroa 6 Tve.
3 saSualo samudamod ganadgurda saproeqto teritoriis 10-30%
damabinZurebeli nivTierebebis koncentracia gaizarda 25-100%-iT, magram dasaSveb sidides ar aRemateba. niadagis/gruntis xarisxis aRsadgenad saWiroa 6-12
damabinZurebeli nivTierebebis koncentracia gaizarda 25-100%-iT. xarisxis aRsadgenad saWiroa 6-12 Tve.
142
Tve. 4 maRali samudamod ganadgurda
saproeqto teritoriis 30-50%; mcire ubnebi dazianda saproeqto ubnis farglebs gareTac, romelTa rekultivacia SesaZlebelia samSeneblo samuSaoebis dasrulebis Semdeg.
damabinZurebeli nivTierebebis koncentracia gaizarda 100%-ze metiT, an aRemateba dasaSveb sidides. niadagis/gruntis xarisxis aRsadgenad saWiroa 1-2 weli.
damabinZurebeli nivTierebebis koncentracia gaizarda 100%-ze metiT. xarisxis aRsadgenad saWiroa 1-2 weli.
5 Zalian maRali dazianda an ganadgurda saproeqto teritoriis 50%-ze meti; mcire ubnebi dazianda saproeqto ubnis farglebs gareTac, romelTa rekultivacia SesaZlebelia samSeneblo samuSaoebis dasrulebis Semdeg.
damabinZurebeli nivTierebebis koncentracia gaizarda 100%-ze metiT, an aRemateba dasaSveb sidides. niadagis/gruntis xarisxis aRsadgenad saWiroa 2 welze meti.
damabinZurebeli nivTierebebis koncentracia gaizarda 100%-ze metiT. xarisxis aRsadgenad saWiroa 2 welze meti.
8.3.2. mSeneblobis etapi
mSeneblobis procesSi niadagis zemoqmedebasTan dakavSirebuli ZiriTadi sakiTxebi niadagis xarisxs, niadagis zeda fenaze da niadagis mdgradobas ukavSirdeba. niadagis nayofieri fenis sisqe saproeqto ubanze ar aris didi. Tumca, mis SenarCunebas yuradReba unda mieqces. rogorc zemoT aris naxsenebi, niadagis nayofier fenaze zemoqmedebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT saWiroa misi moxsna da grovebad dasawyobeba samuSaoebis dasrulebis Semdeg ubnebze xelmeored Setanamde. niadagis zeda fenisa da qveniadagis Sereva dauSvebelia. niadagis xarisxze SeiZleba, gavlena iqonios transportis moZraobam (dabekvna, daRvrili sawvaviT/zeTiT dabinZurebam), samSeneblo samuSaoebma, kerZod, miwis samuSaoebma. niadagis dabinZurebis kidev erTi wyaro SeiZleba, gaxdes narCenebi (rogorc Txevadi, ise myari), Tu ar moxda maTi saTanadod marTva, an ubanze arsebuli sawvavis sawyobi da/an samSeneblo manqana-danadgarebis araswori menejmenti. manqana-danadgarebis eqspluataciis usafrTxoeba da gamarTuli teqnikur-ekonomikuri momsaxureoba gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania samuSaoebis warmoebisas mdinaris kalapotis siaxloves, radgan niadagis dabinZurebam SeiZleba, gamoiwvios zedapiruli wylis/fskeruli naleqebis dabinZureba dabinZurebuli ubnidan Camdinare nakadiT. fskerul naleqebze gavlena aseve SeiZleba, moaxdinos sawvavis/zeTis avariulma daRvrebma mdinaris kalapotTan axlo manZilze momuSave manqana-meqanizmebidan.
143
SeiZleba, adgili hqondes mdinaris kalapotebis niadagis mdgradobis dakargvas/erozias da ferdobebis potenciur erozias gvirabis wylis zemoqmedebiT.
8.3.3. eqspluataciis etapi
kaSxlis ukan Setborvis ferdobebze wylis nakadis cvlilebaze zemoqmedebis Tavidan acileba xdeba napirdamcavi mokirwyluli konstruqciis mowyobiT. nakadis raime mniSvnelovani cvlileba kaSxlis qveda biefSi, ramac SeiZleba napirebis erozia gamoiwvios, mosalodneli ar aris. garkveuli zemoqmedeba niadagis xarisxze mosalodnelia teqnikuri momsaxureobis/reabilitaciis samuSaoebis procesSi. eqspluataciis etapze zemoqmedebis Serbilebis/Tavidan acilebis mizniT gamoyenebuli unda iqnas igive zomebi, romlebic gamoiyeneba mSeneblobis etapze.
8.3.4. zemoqmedebis Sefaseba
zemoxsenebulis gaTvaliswinebiT, zemoqmedebis Sefaseba moxda Semdegi klasifikaciiT: mSenebloba eqspluatacia xasiaTi (dadebiTi/uaryofiTi, pirdapiri/arapirdapiri)
uaryofiTi, pirdapiri/ arapirdapiri
uaryofiTi, pirdapiri/ arapirdapiri
sidide (Zalian dabali, dabali, saSualo, maRali, Zalian maRali)
dabali dabali
albaToba (dabali, saSualo, maRali riski)
saSualo dabali
zemoqmedebis areali (samuSao ubani, saproeqto areali an regioni)
samuSao ubani samuSao ubani
xangrZlivoba (mokle, saSualo, grZelvadiani)
mokle mokle
Seqcevadoba (Seqcevadi/Seuqcevadi) Seqcevadi Seqcevadi
simwvave mcire-saSualo mcire-saSualo
8.3.5. Semarbilebeli zomebi
niadagis dazianebis/dabinZurebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT mSenebelma kontraqtorma unda gaiTvaliswinos Semdegi garemosdacviTi moTxovnebi:
niadagis nayofieri fenis moxsna da droebiTi dasawyobeba winaswar SerCeul ubnebze. [niadagi unda ganTavsdes calke ubanze, romelic daculi unda iyos qaris zemoqmedebiT gafantvisagan da atmosferuli naleqebis zemoqmedebiT – Camorecxvisagan. niadagis gansaTavselad SerCeuli ubani wylis nagebobidan daSorebuli unda iyos minimum 50 metriT];
mcenareulobis maqsimalurad dacva; samuSao moednis sazRvrebis mkacri dacva da gzis mokleze gadaWris
aRkveTa, ~mezobeli” ubnebis SesaZlo dabinZurebis, niadagis nayofieri
144
fenis dazianebis, niadagis nayofieri fenis dazianebisa da datkepnis Tavidan acilebis mizniT;
teqnikis gamarTulobis uzrunvelyofa sawvavis/zeTis Jonvis gamo niadagis dabinZurebis Tavidan asacileblad;
narCenebis marTvisa da meurneobis saTanado menejmenti; Camdinare wylebis (kanalizacia, sasadilo, manqanebis recxva,
Camdinare wylebi) saTanado menejmenti – maTTvis gamwmendi nagebobebis mowyoba da wmendis infrastruqturis mudmivi monitoringi;
teritoriaze manqanebis/teqnikis sawvaviT gamarTvis an/da teqmomsaxurebis akrZalva. gadaudebeli saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi saWiroa specialuri winaswari sifrTxilis zomebis miReba (SemoRobva, sawveTuris mowyoba da sxv.);
teqmomsaxureoba da benziniT gamarTva dasaSvebia wyalsatevidan minimum 50 m manZilze;
manqana-danadgarebisa da samSeneblo teqnikis recxvis aRkveTa wyalsatevis siaxloves (50 metrze axlos);
sawvavis/zeTis daRvris SemTxvevaSi daRvrili masalis lokalizeba da dabinZurebuli ubnis dauyovnebeli wmenda;
ubnebis aRWurva daRvraze reagirebis kompleqtebiT (adsorbentebi, niCbebi da sxv.) (farTomasStabiani daRvris SemTxvevaSi, rac nakleb mosalodnelia, dabinZurebuli niadagi unda moiWras da gatanil iqnas remediaciis mizniT Sesabamisi nebarTvis mqone kontraqtoris mier);
samuSaos dawyebamde personalis instruqtaJi garemsdacviTi da usafrTxoebis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT;
droebiTi nagebobebis aReba, narCenebisa da zedmeti masalebis gatana da ubnebis aRdgena samSeneblo samuSaoebis dasrulebis Semdeg;
naTxari gruntis ganTavsebis ubnebis melioracia/rekultivacia. SeniSvna: rekomendaciebi niadagis nayofieri fenis menejmentTan dakavSirebiT: gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces niadagis nayofieri fenis Senaxvas, radgan niadagis fenis damuSavebis operaciebma (Segroveba, Senaxva) SeiZleba, gavlena moaxdinos niadagis maxasiaTeblebze da Seamciros misi revegetaciis unari. niadagis nayofieri fenis marTvis sayovelTao praqtika, romlis gamoyenebac rekomendebulia yvela ubanze:
moerideT sveli an Zalian gamomSrali niadagis zeda fenis moxsnas;
dasawyobebuli niadagis grovebis simaRle ar unda aRematebodes 2 metrs;
niadagis zeda fenis damuSavebis operaciebi minimumamde unda iqnas dayvanili;
niadagis fena mcenareuli miwisgan, xreSisa da sxva masalebisgan izolirebulad Senaxva;
niadagis grovebis eroziisgan dacva;
moerideT niadagis nayofieri fenis miwaSi Camarxvas;
145
niadagis Senaxva saWiroa naTxaris zemoT an gverdiT imisda mixedviT, Tu romeli mimarTulebiT muSavdeba naleqebi, niadagis xemoered advilad gaSlis mizniT;
moerideT niadagis grovebis xangrZlivad Senaxvas da am mizniT dauyovnebliv gamoiyeneT igi damuSavebuli ubnebis reabilitaciis mizniT;
niadagis grovebi ganaTavseT transportis moZraobis ubnebidan, wyalsatevebidan da dabinZurebis wyaroebidan moSorebiT;
uzrunvelyaviT drenirebis mowyobiloba gruntis didi grovebidan da maT garSemo arsebuli wylis drenirebis mizniT;
gazardeT mcenareebi niadagis grovebze (buCqebi, balaxi) grovebis xangrZlivad Senaxvis SemTxvevaSi;
moerideT grovebze avtomobiliT siaruls da maT datkepvnas. (niadagi mSral da araplastikur mdgomareobaSi naklebad midrekilia datkepnisadmi da inarCunebs misTvis damaxasiaTebeli struqturis proporciebs).
8.3.6. narCeni zemoqmedebis Sefaseba
cxrili 29. zemoqmedeba niadagze – Sejameba
zemoqmedebisa da zemoqmedebis wyaroebis aRwera
zemoqmedebis receptorebi
zemoqmedebis daxasiaTeba da Sefaseba
mSeneblobis etapi
zemoqmedeba niadagis safaris mTlianobasa da stabilurobaze niadagis nayofieri fenis dakargva/dazianeba
- manqanebisa da samSeneblo teqnikis moZraoba;
- miwis samuSaoebi, maT Soris sxvadasxva nagebobebis mSeneblobaze misadgomi gzebis mosawyobad;
- narCenebis marTva.
adgilobrivi mosaxleoba, mcenareuloba, veluri buneba
pirdapiri, uaryofiTi. xarisxi: dabali
niadagis dabinZureba - navTobproduqtebis an sxva
qimiuri nivTierebis daRvra, dabinZureba narCenebiT
- nataniT dabinZurebuli wyliT dalamva.
mcenareuloba, zedapiruli da gruntis wylebi
pirdapiri, uaryofiTi, droebiTi zemoqmedeba. gavrcelebis areali damokidebulia damabinZurebuli nivTierebebis raodenobasa da gavrcelebis gzaze, Tumca ZiriTadad mosalodnelia mcire lokaluri daRvrebi. damabinZurebuli nivTierebebis koncentracia ar gaizrdeba fonuri koncentraciis 25%-ze metiT. xarisxi: mcire.
146
eqspluataciis etapi
zemoqmedeba niadagis safaris mTlianobasa da stabilurobaze napirebis erozia Secvlili hidrologiis gamo; manqanebisa da samSeneblo teqnikis moZraoba remontis/teqmomsaxureobisa da transportirebis mizniT; miwis samuSaoebi
mcenareuloba, gruntis wyali, cxovelebi.
zogadi: sanapiros dacva gaTvaliswinebulia proeqtiT. pirdapiri, uaryofiTi, grZelvadiani zemoqmedeba. gavrcelebis areali damokidebulia damabinZurebuli nivTierebebis raodenobasa da gavrcelebis gzaze, magram ZiriTadad mosalodnelia mcire lokaluri daRvrebi.
damabinZurebuli nivTierebebis koncentracia ar gaizrdeba fonuri koncentraciis 25%-ze metiT. niadagis/gruntis fonuri mdgomareobis cvlileba umniSvnelo iqneba. niadagis/gruntis fonuri mdgomareoba SeumCnevlad Seicvleba.
mxolod remontis/teqmomsaxureobis procesSi, romelic ar aRemateba hesis infrastruqturiT dakavebuli farTobis 3%-s. xarisxi: mcire.
niadagis dabinZureba navTobproduqtebis an sxva qimiuri nivTierebis daRvra (mag., saRebavis, transformatoris zeTis), dabinZureba narCenebiT.
8.4. zemoqmedeba zedapirul wyalze
8.4.1. zemoqmedebis Sefasebis meTodologia
zemoqmedeba zedapirul wyalze Sefasda Semdegi kriteriumebis gaTvaliswinebiT:
cxrili 30. zedapirul wyalze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis meTodologia
ranJireb
a
kategoria zemoqmedeba natanis
moZraobaze mdinareebis tevadobis
Secvla wylis xarisxis
gauareseba
1 Zalian dabali myari Camonadenis cvlileba praqtikulad SeumCnevelia; mdinaris
tevadobis cvlileba SeumCnevelia. ar axdens gavlenas wylis habitatze/iqtiofaunaze.
nivTierebebis fonuri koncentracia da wylis simRvrive SeumCnevlad Seicvala.
147
kalapotze da mdinaris napirebze zemoqmedebas adgili ar aqvs.
wyalmoxmareba ucvlelia.
2 dabali myari Camonadeni Seicvala 1-5%-iT qveda biefis wyalmimRebis xarjSi mdinaris mTels sigrZeze an mis zogierT monakveTze, ramac SeiZleba, iqonios garkveuli zemoqmedeba sensitiur ubnebze, magram eroziuli procesebi mniSvnelovnad ar aqtiurdeba.
mdinaris tevadoba zogierT monakveTze Seicvala 10%-iT. zemoqmedeba droebiTia (mag., pirvandeli mdgomareoba aRdgeba samSeneblo samuSaoebis dasrulebis Semdeg) an aris sezonuri (mag., adgili aqvs mxolod wyalmcirobas). ar axdens gavlenas wylis habitatebze/ iqtiofaunaze. wyalmoxmareba Seicvala droebiT an umniSvnelod.
wylis koncentracia an simRvrive Seicvala 50%-z naklebiT, magram ar aWarbebs zRvrulad dasaSveb koncentracias.
3 saSualo myari Camonadeni Seicvala 5-10%-iT qveda biefis wyalmimRebis xarjSi mdinaris mTels sigrZeze an mis zogierT monakveTze, rac axdens garkveul zemoqmedebas sensitiur ubnebze. mosalodnelia eroziuli procesebis mniSvnelovnad gaaqtiureba, an eroziuli procesebis ganviTareba eroziis saSiSroebis mqone ubnebze.
mdinaris tevadoba zogierT monakveTze Seicvala 10-30%-iT. zemoqmedeba droebiTia (mag., pirvandeli mdgomareoba aRdgeba samSeneblo samuSaoebis dasrulebis Semdeg) an aris sezonuri (mag., adgili aqvs mxolod wyalmcirobas). mosalodnelia garkveuli gavlena wylis habitatebze/ iqtiofaunaze. wyalmoxmareba Seicvala droebiT da umniSvnelod.
wylis koncentracia an simRvrive Seicvala 50-100%-iT, magram ar aWarbebs zRvrulad dasaSveb koncentracias.
4 maRali myari Camonadeni Seicvala 10-15%-iT qveda biefis wyalmimRebis xarjSi mdinaris mTels sigrZeze an mis zogierT monakveTze, rac axdens garkveul zemoqmedebas sensitiur ubnebze. arsebuli eroziuli procesebi mniSvnelovnad gaaqtiurda, an erozia viTardeba eroziisadmi midrekil ubnebze.
mdinaris tevadoba zogierT monakveTze Seicvala 30-50%-iT, rasac Seuqcevadi xasiaTi aqvs; axdens mniSvnelovan zemoqmedebas wylis habitatebze. mosalodnelia zemoqmedeba iqtiofaunaze. gavlena wyalmoxmarebaze aSkaraa.
wylis koncentracia an simRvrive Seicvala 100%-ze metiT, an aWarbebs zRvrulad dasaSveb koncentracias.
5 Zalian maRali myari Camonadeni mdinaris tevadoba wylis koncentracia an
148
Seicvala >15%-iT qveda biefis wyalmimRebis xarjSi mdinaris mTels sigrZeze an mis zogierT monakveTze, rac axdens mniSvnelovan zemoqmedebas mdinaris qveda biefze, maT Soris sensitiur ubnebzec. arsebuli eroziuli procesebi mniSvnelovnad gaaqtiurda, an erozia ganviTada eroziisadmi midrekil an manamde stabilur ubnebze.
zogierT monakveTze Seicvala 50%-ze metiT; zemoqmedebas Seuqcevadi xasiaTi aqvs; xarjis nakleboba mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens wylis habitatebze. adgili aqvs zemoqmedebas iqtiofaunaze. mniSvnelovnad Seicvala wyalmoxmareba.
simRvrive Seicvala 200%-ze metiT da gadaaWarba zRvrulad dasaSveb koncentracias.
8.4.2. mSeneblobis etapi
potenciuri riskebi, romlebic gadawyvetas saWiroebs, Semdegia: manqana-danadgarebidan sawvavis/zeTis daRvriT gamowveuli
dabinZureba; mdinaris siaxloves samuSaoebis Sedegad naleqis/simRvrivis momateba; fxvieri masaliT dabinZureba arasworad/araefeqturad marTvis gamo; dabinZureba samSeneblo da sxva narCenebiT, maT Soris gauwmendavi
Camdinare nakadebiTa da gvirabis wylebiTac. wyalze zemoqmedeba daikvirveba or ubanze – wyalmimRebisa da eleqtrosadguris ubnebze. sawvavis/zeTis daRvriT wylis dabinZurebis riskis garda, gasaTvaliswinebelia wylis simRvrivis momatebis riski napirebis eroziis an miwidan dabinZurebuli CamonadeniT dabinZurebis gamo. zedapiruli wylis xarisxis SenarCuneba SesaZlebelia niadagis dacvis zomebis gamoyenebis xarjze. wyalaRebis ubani gansakuTrebiT sensitiuria, radgan samSeneblo samuSaoebi warmoebs mdinareSi. Setivtivebuli naleqis Semcvelobis droebiTi gazrda wylis nakadSi gardauvali iqneba. Tumca, napirdamcavi da kaSxlis nagebobebis mSeneblobiT gamowveuli zemoqmedeba damokidebulia samuSaoebis warmoebis meTodebze. (mSeneblobis dawyebamde mSenebel kontraqtors unda daevalos, warmoadginos “samuSaoebis warmoebis gegma”). gvirabidan drenirebuli wyali SeiZleba, naleqiT iyos dabinZurebuli. Tumca, qanebis Semadgenlobis gaTvaliswinebiT, gvirabis wylis mniSvnelovani simRvrive mosalodneli ar aris. miuxedavad amisa, md. wablariswylis xarisxze zemoqmedebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT ubanze moewyoba saleqari auzebi. mSeneblobis etapze SemuSavdeba gvirabis wylis marTvis gegma. yuradReba unda mieqces im faqts, rom gvirabis mokeTebam da wyalTan kontaqtSi myof konstruqciebze betonis gamoyenebam SeiZleba, wylis dabinZureba gamoiwvios. amdenad, aucilebelia wylis xarisxis
149
monitoringi betonis samuSaoebis dros da mdinaris kalapotSi mimdinare samuSaoebis zedamxedveloba ekologistis mier.
8.4.3. eqspluataciis etapi
rezinis gasaberi kaSxali ar saWiroebs sazeT-sapoxi masalebis gamoyenebas. igi ar iJangeba da ar saWiroebs SeRebvas da am TvalsazrisiT, ekologiurad sufTaa. gube kaSxlis ukan iqneba patara zomis. gubeSi wylis Sekavebis dro da Setborvis siRrme didi ar aris. mdinaris kalapotis morfologiis gaTvaliswinebiT, evtrifikaciis riski ar arsebobs. kaSxlis konstruqciis simaRle didi ar aris (1.5 m). kaSxlis konstruqcia simaRlis regulirebiT iZleva nakadis regulirebis saSualebas. aRniSnuli ki iZleva nakadis efeqturad regulirebisa da wylisa da qviSis mdovred gaSvebis saSualebas mTels WrilSi qveda biefSi dartymis efeqtis gareSe. hidrologiuri angariSis Tanaxmad, naleqis xarjis 40% Setivnarebulia wyalSi. kaSxlis konstruqciis gaTvaliswinebiT, Setivnarebuli naleqis nakadi did zemoqmedebas ar moaxdens garemoze. rac Seexeba kalapotis datvirTvas, wylis donis matebisas kaSxali iCuteba, rac uzrunvelyofs msxvilmarcvlovani natanis qveda biefisken gadaadgilebas. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom kaSxlis ubnis zemoT wylis dabinZurebis mnniSvnelovani wyaroebi ar arsebobs (qimiuri analizis Sedegebi cxadyofs, rom wyali wablariswyalSi akmayofilebs dadgenili standartis moTxovnebs), CaiTvala, rom xarjis Semcireba ar imoqmedebs mdinaris TviTgawmendis unarze da qveda dinebaSi ar gamoiwvevs naleqebis/gruntis dabinZurebas. xarjis Semcireba mdinaris kalapotSi imoqmedebs hidrobiontebze da mdinaris ekosistemaze 6 km monakveTis manZilze. miuxedavad saqarTveloSi sayovelTaod arsebuli praqtikisa, romelic iTvaliswinebs sanitaruli xarjis Sekavebas mdinaris saSualo mravalwliuri xarjis 10%-is odenobiT saproeqto kveTis ubanze, rac md. wablariswylis SemTxvevaSi tolia 0.48 m3/wm-is, rekomendebulia am midgomis gadaxedva biomravalferovnebis SenarCunebisTvis saWiro minimaluri xarjis gaTvaliswinebiT, gansakuTrebiT, roca teqnikuri proeqti iZleva hesis funqcionirebis Sesabamisi regulirebis saSualebas. arsebuli statistikuri monacemebisa da wylis biomravalferovnebis minimaluri moTxovnebis analizis safuZvelze 85%-iani uzrunvelyofis xarjisTvis, romelic saproeqto gundis mier gaangariSebebSia gamoyenebuli, rekomendebulia minimaluri xarjis SenarCuneba 1.2 m3/wm odenobiT (absoluturi minimumi SenarCundeba wyalmcirobis periodSi). es Seadgens saangariSo kveTSi gaangariSebuli saSualo grZelvadiani xarjis daaxloebiT 25%-s (85%-iani uzrunvelyofis scenari). aseve gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom kaSxlis qveda biefSi wablariswyals uerTdeba 10 Senakadi. ekologiuri da ekonomikuri sakiTxebis sasurveli wonasworobis uzrunvelsayofad rekomendebulia ganxorcieldes xarjis monitoringi.
150
ianv. Teb. marti apr. maisi ivn. ivl. agv. seqt. oqt. noemb. dek.
gadagdebuli xarji (10% datovebuli sanitaruli xarji)
sanitaruli xarji (10%)
gadagdebuli xarji (10% datovebuli sanitaruli xarji)
datovebuli xarji
gadagdebuli xarji
sur. 53. mdinaris 85%-iani uzrunvelyofis xarji, sanitaruli xarji
(hidrologiuri Sefaseba), gadagdebuli xarji da ekologiurad mizanSewonili minimaluri xarji wyalaRebis kveTSi
151
ianv. Teb. marti apr. maisi ivn. ivl. agv. seqt. oqt. noemb. dek.
gadagdebuli xarji (10% datovebuli sanitaruli xarji)
sanitaruli (10%)
gadagdebuli xarji (10% datovebuli sanitaruli xarji)
datovebuli xarji
gadagdebuli xarji
sur. 54. mdinaris 85%-iani uzrunvelyofis xarji, sanitaruli xarji
(hidrologiuri Sefaseba), gadagdebuli xarji da ekologiurad mizanSewonili minimaluri xarji wyalaRebis kveTSi Tevzis tofobis
sezonis gaTvaliswinebiT gauwmendavi Camdinare wylis (sakanalizacio wylis) mdinareSi Cadineba mxedvelobaSi ar aris miRebuli. Camonadenis potenciuri moculobis gaTvaliswinebiT, mizanSewonilad CaiTvala biologiuri wmendis kompaqturi nagebobis mowyoba. gamwmendi nageboba unda uzrunvelyofdes gawmendili nakadis Semdeg xarisxobriv maCveneblebs: myari Sewonili nawilakebi 45 mg/l Jangbadis biologiuri moTxovnileba (Jbm) 5 mg/l amoniumis azoti 0.4 mg/l qloridebi <350 mg/l polifosfatebi 0.2 mg/l zedapiruli wylis dabinZurebisgan dacvis wesebis Tanaxmad (damtkicebuli garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis ministris #130 brZanebiT), zedamxedveloba zedapiruli wylebis dacvaze ekisreba saministrosa da wylis momxmarebels (TviTmonitoringi). momxmarebeli valdebulia, akontrolos Semdegi:
aRebuli, moxmarebuli da CaSvebuli wylis raodenoba da Camdinare wylis Semadgenloba da maxasiaTeblebi.
kontroli xorcieldeba Semdegi sixSiriT: parametri sixSire myari Sewonili nawilakebi kvartaluri Jangbadis biologiuri moTxovnileba (Jbm) kvartaluri amoniumis azoti kvartaluri qloridebi kvartaluri saerTo fosfori kvartaluri
saerTo navTobis naxSirwyalbadebi (TPH) Tavad wyalmimRebi nageboba ar moaxdens gavlenas mdinaris wylis xarisxze. 8.4.4. zemoqmedebis Sefaseba
152
zemoT moyvanili ricxviTi maCveneblebis gaTvaliswinebiT, zemoqmedebis Sefaseba moxda Semdegi klasifikaciiT: mSenebloba eqspluatacia xasiaTi (dadebiTi/uaryofiTi, pirdapiri/arapirdapiri)
uaryofiTi, pirdapiri
uaryofiTi
sidide (Zalian dabali, dabali, saSualo, maRali, Zalian maRali)
dabali-saSualo dabali-saSualo
albaToba (dabali, saSualo, maRali riski) maRali dabali zemoqmedebis areali (samuSao ubani, saproeqto areali an regioni)
saproeqto areali
saproeqto areali (kaSxlis qveda biefi)
xangrZlivoba (mokle, saSualo, grZelvadiani)
mokle grZelvadiani
Seqcevadoba (Seqcevadi/Seuqcevadi) Seqcevadi
simwvave mcire-saSualo saSualo-maRali
8.4.5. Semarbilebeli zomebi
mSeneblobis etapi zedapirul wylebze uaryofiTi zemoqmedebis Semcirebis mizniT mSenebelma kontraqtorma unda uzrunvelyos Semdegi:
teqnikis ganTavseba minimum 50 m manZilze zedapiruli wylis obieqtidan (SeZlebisdagvarad; Tu es SeuZlebelia, saWiroa mudmivi kontroli da usafrTxoebis zomebis miReba wylis dabinZurebis Tavidan asacileblad);
moerideT mdinaris kalapotis Caxergvas samuSaoebis warmoebisas mdinaris kalapotSi da mis maxloblad;
teqnikis/aRWurvilobis gamarTulobis uzrunvelyofa sawvavis/zeTis Jonvis gamo niadagis dabinZurebis riskis minimumamde dayvanis mizniT;
masalebisa da narCenebis marTvis mowinave meTodebis gamoyeneba; teritoriaze manqanebis/teqnikis sawvaviT gamarTvis an/da
teqmomsaxurebis akrZalva. Tu amis gadaudebeli saWiroeba iqna, es unda moxdes wylisgan minimum 50 m daSorebiT, daRvris (da Sesabamisad niadagis/wylis dabinZurebis) Tavidan acilebisTvis gansazRvruli usafrTxoebis RonisZiebebis gatarebiT;
niadagze sawvavis/zeTis daRvris SemTxvevaSi, daRvrili masalis lokalizacia da dabinZurebuli ubnis dauyovnebliv gawmenda damabinZurebeli nivTierebebis wyalSi moxvedris Tavidan acilebis mizniT;
manqana-danadgarebis recxvis aRkveTa wyalsatevis siaxloves; gauwmendavi Camdinare wylis CaSvebis aRkveTa; drenaJis sistemisa da droebiTi saleqari auzebis mowyoba
zedapiruli Camonadenisa da gvirabis wylebisTvis;
153
samuSaos dawyebamde personalis instruqtaJi garemos dacvis da usafrTxoebis sakiTxebze.
eqspluataciis etapi hesebis kaskadis funqcionirebis etapze zedapirul wyalze zemoqmedebis minimumamde dayvanis mizniT saWiroa Semdegi Semarbilebeli zomebis miReba:
kaSxlis qveda biefSi biologiuri nakadis mkacri monitoringi. xarjis regulireba, Tu Semcirebuli bunebrivi nakadis kveTSi fiqsirdeba biomravalferovnebis statusis mqone garemo;
sitematuri kontroli narCenebis marTvis gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli zomebis ganxorcielebaze;
Camdinare wylebis gamwmendi nagebobis funqcionirebis efeqturobis kontroli;
sitematuri kontroli sawvavis/zeTis Senaxvisa da gamoyenebis wesebis dacvaze;
sawvavis/zeTis avariuli daRvris SemTxvevaSi dabinZurebis lokalizeba da zomebis ganxorcieleba zedapiruli wylebis xarisxis daqveiTebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT;
personalis instruqtaJi garemos dacvis da usafrTxoebis sakiTxebze.
8.4.6. narCeni zemoqmedebis Sefaseba
cxrili 31. zemoqmedeba zedapirul wylebze – Sejameba zemoqmedebisa da zemoqmedebis wyaroebis aRwera
zemoqmedebis receptorebi
zemoqmedebis daxasiaTeba da Sefaseba
mSeneblobis etapi
zemoqmedeba natanis moZraobaze mdinaris kalapotis dinamikis cvlileba da napirebis stabilurobis Secvla
wylis biomravalferovneba
simRvrivis mateba mSeneblobis procesSi (droebiTi, uaryofiTi, pirdapiri zemoqmedeba). xarisxi: Zalian dabali
mdinaris wylis xarjis cvlileba wylis biomravalferovneba
pirdapiri, uaryofiTi, droebiTi zemoqmedeba kaSxlis mSeneblobis procesSi. xarisxi: dabali
wylis dabinZureba (Sewonili nawilakebiT, navTobis hidrokarbonatebiTa da sxv.) simRvrivis matebis wyaro – Camdinare wylebi, dabinZurebuli Camonadeni. naxSirwyalbadiT/qimiuri nivTierebebiT dabinZurebis wyaro – sawvavis/zeTis avariuli daRvra; dabinZurebuli ubnebidan Camonadeni. dabinZurebis sxva wyaroebi – myari narCenebi.
axlomdebare dasaxlebebis mcxovreblebi, mdinaris mobinadreebi, sasoflo-sameurneo miwis nakveTebi, romlebic irwyveba dabinZurebuli wyliT.
pirdapiri, uaryofiTi, droebiTi zemoqmedeba mdinaris kalapotSi/kalapotTan axlos samuSaoebis procesSi. xarisxi: dabali
eqspluataciis etapi
154
zemoqmedeba natanis moZraobaze mdinaris kalapotis dinamikis cvlileba da napirebis stabilurobis Secvla
hidrobiontebi, mdinaris kalapotis morfologia
myari Camonadenis cvlilebam SeiZleba, gavlena moaxdinos wylis biomravalferovnebaze (pirdapiri da iribi zemoqmedeba), Tumca mimdinare eroziuli procesebi ar aris mniSvnelovnad gaaqtiurebuli. xarisxi: dabali
mdinaris wylis xarjis cvlileba wylisa da mdinaris biomravalferovneba
pirdapiri, uaryofiTi, xangrZlivi zemoqmedeba. zemoqmedeba ZiriTadad sezonuria (adgili aqvs wyalmcirobis periodebSi); garkveuli zemoqmedeba mosalodnelia wylis sensitiur habitatebze/iqtiofaunaze. xarisxi: saSualo-maRali
zedapiruli wylebis dabinZureba (simRvrive, hidrokarbonatebiTa da sxva nivTierebebiT dabinZureba) simRvrivis matebis wyaro – hidroteqnikuri nagebobidan Carecxili naleqi; naxSirwyalbadiT/qimiuri nivTierebebiT dabinZurebis wyaro – hesis namuSevari wylis dabinZureba turbinis zeTiT; avariuli daRvrebi; dabinZurebuli Camonadeni. dabinZurebis sxva wyaroebi – danagvianeba.
wylisa da mdinaris biomravalferovneba
pirdapiri, uaryofiTi, xangrZlivi zemoqmedeba. xarisxi: dabali-Zalian dabali
155
8.5. zemoqmedeba gruntis wyalze
8.5.1. zemoqmedebis Sefasebis meTodologia
cxrili 32. gruntis wyalze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis kriteriumebi
ranJireb
a
kategoria gruntis wylis Semcvelobis
cvlileba gruntis wylis10 xarisxis
daqveiTeba
1 Zalian dabali Semcveloba SeumCnevlad Seicvala nivTierebebis fonuri koncentracia SeumCnevlad Seicvala.
2 dabali gruntis wylis done mniSvnelovnad Semcirda, magram aRniSnuls gavlena ar mouxdenia wylis doneze WaburRilSi da arc gazafxulis Camonadenze
II jgufis11 nivTierebebis koncentracia dasaSvebze naklebia.
3 saSualo gruntis wylis done mniSvnelovnad Semcirda da imavdroulad, Semcirda WaburRilebidan wyalaRebac, daikvirveba garkveuli gavlena gazafxulis Camonadenze.
II jgufis nivTierebebis koncentracia aWarbebs sasmeli wylis dasaSveb maCveneblebs.
4 maRali WaburRilebi droebiT ar muSaobs, zedapiruli wylis nagebobebSi Semcirda gantvirTva, rac iwvevs sezonur gvalvas da gavlenas axdens ekologiur garemoze.
fiqsirdeba I jgufis mavne nivTierebebis koncentracia.
5 Zalian maRali WaburRilebi gauwylovanebulia, zedapiruli wylis nagebobebSi gantvirTva ar xdeba, iqmneba gvalvisa da bunebriv garemoze zemoqmedebis saSiSroeba.
I jgufis mavne nivTierebebis koncentracia aWarbebs sasmeli wylisTvis dadgenil dasaSveb maCveneblebs.
8.5.2. mSeneblobis etapi
zemoqmedebas gruntis wylis xarisxze SeiZleba, adgili hqondes miwis samusaoebis warmoebisas, gansakuTrebiT im ubnebze, sadac gamovlenilia mcire simZlavris gawylovanebuli fenebi. gruntis wyalze zemoqmedeba SeiZleba, iyos Semdegi saxis:
pirdapiri – mag., miwis samuSaoebis warmoebisas (burRva, saZirkvlis amoTxra da sxv.) da
iribi – dabinZureba infiltrirebuli CamonadeniT dabinZurebuli niadagis ubnidan, an dabinZurebul zedapirul wyalsa da miwisqveSa wyals Soris hidravlikuri kavSiris arsebobis gamo.
10 saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT miwisqveSa wylis xarisxi ar regulirdeba. amitom SefasebisTvis gamoyenebulia sasmeli wylis standarti. 11 1979 wlis 17 dekembris evrokavSiris direqtiva 80/60/EEC “gruntis wylis dacva sxvadasxva saxifaTo nivTierebebiT dabinZurebisgan”.
156
mSeneblobis procesSi da gansakuTrebiT, eqskavaciis samuSaoebisas arsebobs wyalSemcveli fenis CaWris saSiSroeba. zemoqmedebis masStabis prognozuli Sefaseba proeqtis mocemul etapze SeuZlebelia.
8.5.3. eqspluataciis etapi
saproeqto ubani esazRvreba sairmes mineraluri wylisa da udabnos Termuli wylebis wyaroebs. arsebuli informaciis Tanaxmad, sairmes mineraluri wylis sabados sazRvrebi emTxveva kurortis sazRvrebs (sairmes mineraluri wylis sabados aRweriloba mocemulia XXXX TavSi). Sefasebis Tanaxmad, wylis gadagdeba kaSxlis qveda biefSi ar iqoniebs gavlenas mineraluri wylis obietze. gruntis wyalze zemoqmedebis riski eqspluataciis etapsi mcirea. gruntis wylis xarisxze nulovani zemoqmedebis uzrunvelyofa SesaZlebelia garemosdacviTi da meurneobis efeqturi marTvis xarjze.
8.5.4. zemoqmedebis Sefaseba
zemoxsenebulis gaTvaliswinebiT, zemoqmedebis Sefaseba moxda Semdegi klasifikaciiT: mSenebloba eqspluatacia xasiaTi (dadebiTi/uaryofiTi, pirdapiri/arapirdapiri)
uaryofiTi, pirdapiri
uaryofiTi, pirdapiri
sidide (Zalian dabali, dabali, saSualo, maRali, Zalian maRali)
dabali dabali
albaToba (dabali, saSualo, maRali riski)
dabali dabali
zemoqmedebis areali (samuSao ubani, saproeqto areali an regioni)
samuSao ubani samuSao ubani
xangrZlivoba (mokle, saSualo, grZelvadiani)
mokle
Seqcevadoba (Seqcevadi/Seuqcevadi) Seqcevadi
simwvave mcire mcire
8.5.5. Semarbilebeli zomebi
gruntis wylis dabinZurebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT saWiroa gruntisa da zedapiruli wylis xarisxis dacvis zomebis ganxorcieleba.
8.5.6. narCeni zemoqmedebis Sefaseba
cxrili 33. zemoqmedeba gruntis wyalze – Sejameba zemoqmedebisa da zemoqmedebis wyaroebis aRwera
zemoqmedebis receptorebi
zemoqmedebis daxasiaTeba da Sefaseba
mSeneblobis etapi
157
8.6. zemoqmedeba xmeleTisa da wylis ekologiaze
8.6.1. zemoqmedebis Sefasebis meTodologia
ekologiur sistemaze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis kriteriumebi mocemulia cxrilSi 35.
12
1979 wlis 17 dekembris EU direqtiva 80/60/EEC gruntis wylis dacvis Sesaxeb sxvadasxva saxifaTo nivTierebebisgan.
gruntis wylis xarjis cvlileba
gruntis wylis obieqtTan hidravlikuri kavSiris mqone zedapiruli wylebi
pirdapiri, uaryofiTi, droebiTi zemoqmedeba xarisxi: dabali-saSualo
gruntis wylis xarisxis daqveiTeba gruntis wylis obieqtTan hidravlikuri kavSiris mqone zedapiruli wylebi
pirdapiri an arapirdapiri uaryofiTi, droebiTi zemoqmedeba. mosalodnelia II jgufis12 nivTierebebis koncentraciis gadaWarbeba dasaSveb maCvenebelze. xarisxi: Zalian dabali
eqspluataciis etapi
gruntis wylis xarjis cvlileba
gruntis wylis obieqtTan hidravlikuri kavSiris mqone zedapiruli wylebi
pirdapiri, uaryofiTi, xangrZlivi zemoqmedeba. gruntis wylis Semcvelobis mniSvnelovani cvlileba mosalodneli ar aris. xarisxi: Zalian dabali
gruntis wylis xarisxis daqveiTeba gruntis wylis obieqtTan hidravlikuri kavSiris mqone zedapiruli wylebi
pirdapiri an arapirdapiri uaryofiTi, xangrZlivi zemoqmedeba. nivTierebebis fonuri koncentraciis mniSvnelovani cvlileba mosalodneli ar aris. xarisxi: Zalian dabali
158
cxrili 34. xmeleTisa da wylis ekologiaze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis kriteriumebi
ranJireb
a
kategoria zemoqmedeba habitatis
mTlianobaze
zemoqmedeba saxeobaTa qcevaze
habitatebis/ saxeobebis
aRdgenis unari
zemoqmedeba dacul
habitatebze
1 Zalian dabali
umniSvnelo zemoqmedeba habitatis mTlianobaze
mcire zomis ZuZumwovrebis/Tevzis saxeobebis qcevis cvlileba an daRupva mosalodneli ar aris, invaziuri saxeobebis gavrcelebis safrTxe ar arsebobs.
srulad aRdgeba rekultivaciis samuSaoebis dasrulebis Semdeg (<1 weli)
qveynis kanonmdeblobiT an saerTaSoriso konvenciebiT dacul teritoriebze zemoqmedebas adgili ar aqvs.
2 dabali SesamCnevi zemoqmedeba dabali Rirebulebis habitatis mTlianobaze, maT Soris habitatebis dakargva 10-20 ha miwis farTobze
qcevis cvlileba dgindeba standartuli meTodebis gamoyenebiT. mcire zomis mosalodnelia ZuZumwovrebis/Tevzis naklebad Rirebuli saxeobebis daRupva. invaziuri saxeobebis gavrcelebis safrTxe ar arsebobs.
aRdgena rekultivaciis samuSaoebis dasrulebis Semdeg 2 weliwadSi
droebiTi, xanmokle, mcire zomis zemoqmedeba kanonmdeblobiT an saerTaSoriso konvenciebiT dacul, romelic ar gamoiwvevs ekologiuri mTlianobis xangrZlivad darRvevas.
3 saSualo SesamCnevi zemoqmedeba habitatis mTlianobaze, Rirebuli habitatebis Semcireba, naklebad Rirebuli miwis farTobebis dakargva (20-50 ha)
Rirebuli saxeobebis qcevis cvlileba dgindeba standartuli meTodebis gamoyenebiT. mosalodnelia cxovelebis naklebad Rirebuli saxeobebis daRupva, invaziuri saxeobebis gavrceleba.
aRdgena rekultivaciis samuSaoebis dasrulebis Semdeg 2-5 weliwadSi
mcire masStabis zemoqmedeba kanonmdeblobiT/ saerTaSoriso konvenciebiT dacul, Tumca, ekosistema aRdgeba 3 weliwadSi.
4 maRali daculi an adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis habitatebis Semcireba, 50-100 ha naklebad Rirebuli habitatebis dakargva.
Rirebuli saxeobebis qcevis cvlileba dgindeba standartuli meTodebis gamoyenebiT. mosalodnelia cxovelebis Rirebuli saxeobebis daRupva, invaziuri saxeobebis gavrceleba.
aRdgena rekultivaciis samuSaoebis dasrulebis Semdeg 5-10 weliwadSi
mcire masStabis zemoqmedeba kanonmdeblobiT/ saerTaSoriso konvenciebiT dacul, Serbilebis zomebi xels Seuwyobs ekosistemis aRdgenas, rasac daaxl. 5 weli
159
dasWirdeba. 5 Zalian
maRali daculi an adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis habitatebis Semcireba an naklebad Rirebuli habitatebis dakargva >100 ha-ze met farTobze.
Rirebuli saxeobebis qcevis cvlileba dgindeba standartuli meTodebis gamoyenebiT. mosalodnelia cxovelebis Rirebuli saxeobebis daRupva, invaziuri saxeobebis gavrceleba.
aRdgenas rekultivaciis samuSaoebis dasrulebis Semdeg sWirdeba 10 welze meti.
adgili aqvs zemoqmedebas kanonmdeblobiT/ saerTaSoriso konvenciebiT dacul.
8.6.2. zemoqmedeba floraze
8.6.2.1. mSeneblobis etapi
floraze zemoqmedeba mSeneblobis etapze SeiZleba, iyos pirdapiri (dazianeba, danakargi) da iribi (emisiebi). proeqtis ganxorcielebis mizniT gamoiyeneba ori ubani – kaSxlisa da hidroeleqtrosadguris ubani. garda amisa, dadgenilia poligonebis potenciuri ubnebi narCenebis gansaTavseblad. mSeneblobisTvis SerCeuli teritoria mcenareulobis mravalferovnebis TvalsazrisiT Raribia. pirdapiri zemoqmedeba mcenareulobaze iqneba minimaluri. proeqtis pirdapiri/arapirdapiri zemoqmedebis zonaSi moqceuli arc erTi saxeoba ar warmoadgens dacul saxeobas. samuSaoebis dasrulebis Semdeg moxdeba narCenebis poligonebisa da droebiTi sargeblobis ubnebis rekultivacia. banakebis/samuSao moednis sazRvrebis mkacrad dacva Seamcirebs pirdapiri zemoqmedebis risks mcenareulobaze da gruntis datkepvniT gamowveul arapirdapiri zemoqmedebis risks. mcenareulobis dacvas aseve, xels Seuwyobs miwis samuSaoebis warmoebisas da poligonebze operaciebis warmoebisas ferdobebis mdgradobisa da eroziis kontroli. iribi zemoqmedeba (mtvrisa da gamonabolqvis zemoqmedeba) iqneba lokaluri xasiaTis, umniSvnelo da xanmokle.
8.6.2.2. eqspluataciis etapi
operirebis etapze pirdapiri zemoqmedeba floraze mosalodneli ar aris. mcenareebze zemoqmedebis marTva moxdeba qvesadguris teritoriaze arsebuli mcenareebis kontrolis gziT. SeiZleba, rekomendebuli iyos mcenareebis dargva hesis mimdebare teritoriaze.
8.6.2.3. zemoqmedebis Sefaseba
zemoxsenebulis gaTvaliswinebiT, zemoqmedebis Sefaseba moxda Semdegi klasifikaciiT: mSenebloba eqspluatacia xasiaTi (dadebiTi/uaryofiTi, pirdapiri/arapirdapiri)
uaryofiTi, pirdapiri
uaryofiTi, pirdapiri
sidide (Zalian dabali, dabali, saSualo, maRali, Zalian maRali)
dabali-saSualo dabali
160
albaToba (dabali, saSualo, maRali riski)
maRali dabali
zemoqmedebis areali (samuSao ubani, saproeqto areali an regioni)
samuSao ubani samuSao ubani
xangrZlivoba (mokle, saSualo, grZelvadiani)
mokle mokle
Seqcevadoba (Seqcevadi/Seuqcevadi) Seqcevadi Seqcevadi
simwvave mcire mcire
8.6.2.4. Semarbilebeli zomebi
transportis moZraobis marSrutis mkacrad dacva (mokle gzebiT siarulis aRkveTa) da banakebis/samSeneblo ubnebis sazRvrebis mkacrad dacva mcenareuli safaris zedmetad dazianebis riskis minimumamde dayvanis mizniT;
samuSaoebis dawyebamde personalis instruqtaJi mcenareuli safaris dacvis sakiTxebis Sesaxeb;
niadagis, wylisa da haeris dacvis zomebis ganxorcieleba (ix. dokumentis Sesabamisi Tavebi);
kulturuli da dekoratiuli xe-mcenareebis dargva proeqtis mimdebare teritoriaze.
8.6.2.5. narCeni zemoqmedebis Sefaseba
narCeni zemoqmedeba mSeneblobisa da eqspluataciis etapebze SeiZleba, klasificirebuli iqnas, rogorc umniSvnelo.
8.6.3. zemoqmedeba faunaze
8.6.3.1. mSeneblobis etapi
hesis mSenebloba ukavSirdeba faunis droebiT SeSfoTebasa da zemoqmedebis qveS myofi ubnebidan cxovelebis SesaZlo migracias. samSeneblo samuSaoebma cxovelTa biomravalferovnebaze SeiZleba, Semdegi saxis zemoqmedeba moaxdinos:
samSeneblo samuSaoebis warmoebisas gaZlierdeba vibracia da xmauris done (unda aRiniSnos, rom futkrebi sensitiuri arian vibraciisadmi. xmaurma da vibraciam SeiZleba, gamoiwios xmeleTis faunis SeSfoTebac. wylis saxeobebi aRiqvamen xmaurs wyalSi/xmeleTze. sxvadasxva saxeobis mgrZnobeloba xmaurze damokidebulia xmauris sixSireze da xmauris im minimalur doneze, romelsac isini aRiqvamen. cxovelebis aSkara reaqcia xmaurze sxvadasxvaa – zogi cxoveli TiTqmis ar reagirebs xmaurze, zogic – maSinve garbis. cxovelis qceviTi reaqcia xmaurze damokidebulia xmauris wyaroze, imaze, mosalodnelia xmauri Tu ara, xmauris akustikur maxasiaTeblebze (simaRle, xangrZlivoba, sixSire), calkeuli cxovelis gamocdilebaze da sxva stres-faqtorebis arsebobaze (mag., damafrTxobeli obieqtebi,
161
adamianebi, qimiuri da fizikuri agentebi). literaturul wyaroebSi mocemulia reaqciis xuTi sxvadasxva done:
1. aRqmis done – xmauris done, romelsac saxeobebi rogorc wesi, aRiqvamen mSvid mdgomareobaSi;
2. Tavis daRweva - xmauris done, romlis drosac saxeobebi aqtiurad cdiloben Tavis daRwevas xmaurisgan, magaliTad, curviT/gaqceviT. zRurbli icvleba xmauris sixSiris mixedviT. qceviTi reaqcia wylis binadrebSi vlindeba 90 db-ze meti xmauris SemTxvevaSi. xmauris am doneze individebi avlenen gaRizianebas, rac gamoixateba maTi mcdelobiT, rac SeiZleba, swrafad moSordnen xmauris wyaros.
3. smenis droebiTi dazianeba – xmauris done, romelic iwvevs individis smenis sensitiurobis droebiT da Seqcevad cvlilebas. rodesac cxoveli eqceva maRali xmauris zemoqmedebis qveS drois garkveuli periodiT, misi smenadobis simaxvile SeiZleba, droebiT daqveiTdes, anu cxoveli SeiZleba, ver aRiqvamdes xmauris iseT dones, romelsac igi Cveulebriv pirobebSi aRiqvams. es movlena Seqvcevadia (anu qreba) cxovelis maRali xmauris wyarodan moSorebis Semdeg garkveuli drois Semdeg.
4. smenadobis samudamod Secvla – xmauris done, romelic iwvevs individis smenis sensitiurobis samudamo cvlilebas.
5. fizikuri dazianeba – xmauris done an wnevis done, romelic iwvevs organizmis smenis aparatis, sxva organoebisa da qsovilebis seriozul fizikur dazianebas.
gareul ZuZumwovrebze Catarebuli kvlevebis umetesoba xmaurTan dakavSirebiT cxadyofs, rom cxovelebs aReniSnebaT qceviTi reaqciebi. am reaqciebis zogierTi saxea: gaSeSeba an SiSi, Tavis daRwevis mcdeloba da sxv. frinvelebs A skalis mixedviT smenis dakargva aReniSnebaT 95-100 db xmauris pirobebSi. frinvelebSi xmauris zemoqmedebiT dafiqsirda ori saxis smeniTi cvlileba: guliscemis sixSiris cvlileba da kvercxisdebis periodebis cvlileba. frinvelebze xmauris qceviTi zemoqmedebis or saxeSi Sedis SiSis rigi reaqciebi, Secvlili qceva Sejvarebisas da sxva xmaurian ubnebze Tavmoyra (savaraudod, im ubnebze, sadac isini xmaurs ar elian). SiSis reaqciebi frinvelebSi SeiZleba, gamoxatuli iyos dafrTxobiT an ufro seriozul SemTxvevebSi – budis mitovebiT, ris gamoc SeiZleba, budeSi Cadebuli kvercxebi ver gamoiCekos. savaraudod, xmauri sakmaod seriozul fiziologiur zians ayenebs kvercxebsa da lifsitebs, vidre zrdasrul Tevzs. savaraudod, xmauris zemoqmedebis Sedegad mcirdeba mweris zogierTi saxeobis sicocxlis xangrZlivoba, icvleba maTi gamravlebis unari da qceva.
satransporto moZraobam SeiZleba, gamoiwvios Sejaxeba/dazianeba; mcenareulobis dakargvam SeiZleba, gamoiwvios velur bunebaze
zemoqmedeba; mtverma SeiZleba, gavlena moaxdinos xerxemlianebisa da
uxerxemloebis sakveb bazaze;
162
tranSeebi (Txrilebi) safrTxes uqmnis patara zomis cxovelebs, romlebic SeiZleba, Cavardnen TxrilSi da daSavdnen;
saxeobebis Tavisufali gadaadgilebis SezRudva droebiTi nagebobebis mSeneblobis procesSi;
habitatebis droebiTi fragmentacia; samSeneblo samuSaoebiT gamowveulma wylis simRvrivis droebiTma
momatebam SeiZleba, gavlena iqonios iqtiofaunaze. md. wablariswyalSi aRnusxulia Tevzis Semdegi saxeobebi: kalmaxi, Wanari da qaSapi. md. wablariswylis zonaSi Tevzis tofobis periodi grZeldeba ianvridan aprilamde, rac gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos samSeneblo samuSaoebis dagegmvisas;
wylisa da niadagis mavne nivTierebebiT dabinZurebam SeiZleba, zemoqmedeba moaxdinos Tevzebze, amfibiebze da cxovelebze, romlebic binadroben daRvris/dabinZurebis ubnebze an mimdebare teritoriaze;
ganaTebis zemoqmedeba; SeSfoTeba adamianebisa da manqana-danadgarebis arsebobis gamo.
proeqtis pirdapiri/arapirdapiri zemoqmedebis zonaSi moqceuli arc erTi saxeoba ar warmoadgens dacul saxeobas.
8.6.3.2. eqspluataciis etapi
faunaze zemoqmedeba ganxiluli iqneba auzidan qveda biefamde, gvirabis teritoriis gamoklebiT. zemoqmedebis wyaroebia:
denis generatorebi, transformatori – xmauris zemoqmedeba; moedanze xalxis arsebobiT gamowveuli xmauri da SeSfoTeba; dabinZureba narCenebiT (myari/Txevadi) - narCenebis arasaTanado
menejmentis SemTxvevaSi; frinvelebis daRupva eleqtrosadenebze (qvesadgurze/
transformatoris ubanze); eleqtromagnituri veli; kaSxlis konstruqcia – kaSxlis qveda biefSi Semcirebul xarjTan
dakavSirebuli zemoqmedeba; Tevzebisa da lifsitebis SesaZlo daRupva agregatebze.
xmaurTan dakavSirebuli zemoqmedeba SesaZloa, arc Tu seriozuli iyos, radgan cocxali bunebis warmomadgenlebi droTa manZilze eCvevian gamudmebul xmaurs ise, rom xmaurze raime fiziologiur reaqciebs aRar avlenen (adaptacia). hidroeleqtrosadguris xmauris CaxSoba moxdeba arsebuli karkasiTa da Senobis konstruqciis xarjze. rac Seexeba transformatoris xmaurs, igi mniSvnelovan SemaSfoTebel faqtorad ar iTvleba. unda aRiniSnos, rom xmauri sadguris eqspluataciis etapze ar aris wyvetadi xasiaTis, ra SemTxvevaSic masTan Segueba SedarebiT xangrZlivi iqneboda. zemoqmedeba iqtiofaunaze gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania. Semcirebuli xarjis zemoqmedeba wylis biomravalferovnebaze sxvadasxva xasiaTisaa da masSi Sedis: pirdapiri zemoqmedeba – Semcirebuli xarji Tavad da mis Sedegad miRebuli Jangbadis Secvlili Semadgenloba, wylis Secvlili
163
temperatura da mdinaris kalapotis morfologiis SesaZlo cvlileba. aRniSnulma cvlilebebma Tavis mxriv, SeiZleba, gavlena moaxdinos gamravlebis unarze, tofobis adgilebze kaSxlis qveda biefSi da sakvebi bazis potenciur Semcirebaze. zemoqmedebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT kaSxlis qveda biefSi SenarCunebuli iqneba ekologiuri xarji (ix. nawili 8.4). rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, md. wablariswylis zonaSi Tevzis tofobis periodi ianvridan aprilamde grZeldeba. am periodSi gansakuTrebuli monitoringi unda dawesdes wylis gadagdebasa da sanitaruli xarjis siCqareebze.
ianv. Teb. marti apr. maisi ivn. ivl. agv. seqt. oqt. noemb. dek.
gadagdebuli xarji (10% datovebuli sanitaruli xarji)
sanitaruli (10%)
gadagdebuli xarji (10% datovebuli sanitaruli xarji)
datovebuli xarji
gadagdebuli xarji
sur. 55. mdinaris 85%-iani uzrunvelyofis xarji, sanitaruli xarji
(hidrologiuri Sefaseba), gadagdebuli xarji da ekologiurad mizanSewonili minimaluri xarji wyalaRebis kveTSi Tevzis tofobis
sezonis gaTvaliswinebiT auzis mokirwyluli konstruqcia da saleqaris gare kedeli moikirwyleba. aRniSnuli meTodi ekologiurad sufTaa. konstruqciiT gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba Tevzis bunebriv sacxovrebel garemosTan maqsimalurad miaxloebuli garemo. Tevzsatari moewyoba bunebrivi samSeneblo masaliT an adgilze arsebuli samSeneblo masalebis gamoyenebiT.
164
hesebis funqcionireba ar gamoiwvevs wylis xarisxis daqveiTebas. wyalmimRebi aRWurvilia TevzsatariT da ar Seaferxebs Tevzebis migracias. eleqtroblokebi, rogoricaa transformatorebi, SeiZleba, saxifaTo iyos patara CitebisTvisac ki, radgan isini aRWurvilia uamravi patara zomis da garedan TvaliT SeumCneveli eleqtronawiliT. eleqtromagnituri velis gavlena faunaze seriozuli kvlevis sagania. mravaljeradi kvlevebiT Seswavlilia, Tu ramdenad iwvevs eleqtromagnituri veli simsivnes da/an janmrTelobis sxva problemebs. amasTan dakavSirebiT Seswavlilia iseTi faqtorebi, rogoricaa Tandayolili defeqtebi, imunuri funqcia, gamravleba, qceva da aTvisebis unari. cxovelebze Catarebulma kvlevebma ar daadastura eleqtromagnituri velis roli simsivnuri/arasimsivnuri daavadebebis gamowvevaSi. Tumca, kvlevebis Sedegebi absoluturad erTmniSvnelovani rodia. dRemde ar arsebobs sarwmuno faqti, romelze dayrdnobiTac SesaZlebeli iqneboda imis mtkiceba, rom eleqtromagnituri velis zemoqmedeba aris an ar aris genotoqsikuri.
8.6.3.3. zemoqmedebis Sefaseba
zemoxsenebulis gaTvaliswinebiT, zemoqmedebis Sefaseba moxda Semdegi klasifikaciiT: mSenebloba eqspluatacia xasiaTi (dadebiTi/uaryofiTi, pirdapiri/arapirdapiri)
uaryofiTi, pirdapiri/ arapirdapiri
uaryofiTi, pirdapiri/ arapirdapiri
sidide (Zalian dabali, dabali, saSualo, maRali, Zalian maRali)
dabali-saSualo saSualo – maRali (Tevzis populacia -yvelaze problemuri)
albaToba (dabali, saSualo, maRali riski)
maRali maRali
zemoqmedebis areali (samuSao ubani, saproeqto areali an regioni)
samuSao ubani/saproeqto ubani
saproeqto ubani
xangrZlivoba (mokle, saSualo, grZelvadiani)
mokle grZelvadiani
Seqcevadoba (Seqcevadi/Seuqcevadi) Seqcevadi Seqcevadi/ Seuqcevadi
simwvave mcire-saSualo saSualo-maRali
8.6.3.4. Semarbilebeli zomebi
faunaze zemoqmedebis Semcirebis mizniT unda ganxorcieldes Semdegi Semarbilebeli zomebi:
transportis moZraobis marSrutisa da mSeneblobis ubnis sazRvrebis mkacri dacva (exeba rogorc mSeneblobis, ise eqspluataciis etaps);
165
transportis moZraobis optimaluri siCqaris SerCeva pirdapiri zemoqmedebis (dajaxebis) riskis Sesamcireblad (exeba rogorc mSeneblobis, ise eqspluataciis etaps);
zomebis ganxorcieleba samuSaoebis warmoebis procesSi mtvris Semcirebis mizniT (exeba rogorc mSeneblobis, ise eqspluataciis etaps);
mSeneblobis procesSi xmaurisa da vibraciis Semcirebis zomebis ganxorcieleba;
samSeneblo xmaurisa da sxva SeSfoTebis minimumamde Semcireba budobis sezonze;
narCenebis marTvis saTanado gegma (exeba rogorc mSeneblobis, ise eqspluataciis etaps);
wyalsatevebTan da gruntis siaxloves navTobproduqtebisa da sxva damabinZurebeli nivTierebebis daRvris aRkveTis zomebi (exeba rogorc mSeneblobis, ise eqspluataciis etaps);
Txrilebi, tranSeebi da sxv. daculi unda iyos, raTa maTSi ar Cacvivdnen cxovelebi. didi saxeobis cxovelebis SemTxvevaSi saWiroa mkveTri feris lentis gamoyeneba, xolo patara zomis cxovelebisTvis – nebismieri brtyeli gadaxurvis masala – TeTri Tunuqi, polieTileni da sxv. tranSeeesa da TxrilebSi unda Caewyos grZeli dafebi an morebi damrecad, rom Sig Cavardnilma mcire zomis cxovelebma SesZlon ormodan amoRweva. miwiT Sevsebamde tranSeebi unda Semowmdes;
personalis instruqtaJi samuSaoebis dawyebamde; nagebobaze transformatorebis, amomrTvelebis an damiwebuli
mowyobilobis arsebobisas gamtarebi, amomrTvelebi da gadamyvanebi unda iyos dafaruli, rac Seamcirebs maTze frinvelebis eleqtrodenis dartymiT daRupvis risks. am problemas gadaWris tipiuri gzebi: dakiduli gamtarebisTvis iyeneben gamtaris Citebisgan damcav saSualebas, Slangs garedan an izolirebul eleqtrokabels; amomrTvelebisTvis SesaZlebelia sxvadasxva zomisa da stilis safaris gamoyeneba; gadamyvanebisTvis iyeneben mcvels, romelic uzrunvelyofs dacvis saWiro xarisxs. napirebze or- da samfaziani transformatorebis daregulireba saWiroebs qorWilebisgan dacvis mowyobas ganivas Tavze, transformatoris gadamyvanebze xufebis dayenebas, izolirebuli gamtarebisa da saCerebeli mowyobilobebis dayenebasa da dnobadi lentis gamoyenebas gaSiSvlebul mierTebebze;
narCenebis marTvis saTanado gegma wylis dabinZurebisa da nakadis Caxergvis Tavidan acilebis mizniT gansakuTrebiT wyalSi samuSaoebis dros (zemoqmedebis Semcireba Tevzebze da mdinaris biomravalferovnebaze);
gruntsa da wyalze zemoqmedebis Semarbilebeli zomebis ganxorcieleba, romlebic miTiTebulia mocemuli dokumentis Sesabamis TavebSi;
mSeneblobis procesSi wyalSi samuSaoebis warmoebisgan Tavis arideba biologiuri da ekologiuri TvalsazrisiT “sensitiur” periodebSi (ianvari-aprili) (zemoqmedebis Semcireba Tevzebze);
166
qveda biefSi ekologiuri xarjis mudmivi gatareba (eqspluataciis etapze zemoqmedebis Semcireba Tevzebze da mdinaris biomravalferovnebaze);
xarjisa da mdinaris biomravalferovnebis monitoringi kaSxlis Wrilis qveda dinebaSi.
8.6.3.5. narCeni zemoqmedebis Sefaseba
cxrili 35. gruntis wyalze zemoqmedebis Sefaseba – Sejameba faza zemoqmedeba da zemoqmedebis wyaroebi zemoqmedebis
receptorebi narCeni zemoqmedebis daxasiaTeba da Sefaseba
mSeneb
lobis
etapi
zemoqmedeba xmeleTis faunaze, maT Soris:
ubanze an mis mezoblad mobinadre cxovelebis dafrTxoba an daRupva;
cxovelebis habitatebis dezintegracia (fragmentacia, moSla);
invaziuri saxeobebis gavrceleba. pirdapiri zemoqmedeba: mSeneblobisa da transportirebis operaciebi. iribi zemoqmedeba: atmosferuli haeris dabinZureba; gazrdili akustikuri foni; ganaTebulobis fonis Secvla RamiT; zedapiruli da gruntis wylebis dabinZureba; niadagis dabinZureba da erozia; vizualuri zemoqmedeba.
hesis infrastruqturisTvis, banakebisa da misasvleli gzebisTvis gankuTvnili teritoriebi.
pirdapiri da arapirdapiri mavne droebiTi zemoqmedeba; zogierTi zemoqmedeba (mag., cxovelebis dafrTxoba/ daRupva) gagrZeldeba mxolod proeqtis ganxorcielebis manZilze; sxva zemoqmedebaTa aRmofxvras SedarebiT meti dro dasWirdeba (mag., habitatebis aRdgenas). pirdapiri zemoqmedebis gavrcelebis areali ZiriTadad hesebis kaskadis infrastruqturisTvis, gadamcemi xazebisa da misasvleli gzebisTvis gankuTvnili teritoriebiebiT Semoifargleba. iribi zemoqmedeba SesaZloa, gascdes proeqtis teritorias. xarisxi: saSualo
zemoqmedeba md. wablariswylis iqtiofaunaze: pirdapiri zemoqmedeba: mdinaris gadagdeba wyalmimRebi nagebobis agebis mizniT: wyalmimRebi nagebobis ageba. iribi zemoqmedeba: zedapiruli da gruntis wylebis dabinZureba; fskeruli naleqebis dabinZureba.
wyalmimRebi nagebobis mSeneblobis ubani
167
8.7. vizualuri-landSafturi zemoqmedeba
8.7.1. zemoqmedebis Sefasebis meTodologia
cxrili 36. vizualuri-landSafturi zemoqmedebis Sefasebis kriteriumebi
ranJireb
a
kategoria zemoqmedeba vizualur receptorebze
landSaftis cvlilebis xangrZlivoba da sivrculi
sazRvrebi / landSaftis xarisxi da Rirebuleba
eqspl
uat
aciis etapi
zemoqmedeba xmeleTis faunaze, maT Soris:
- pirdapiri zemoqmedeba:
mcenareuli safaris kontroli;
saremonto samuSaoebi da satransporto operaciebi.
- iribi zemoqmedeba:
atmosferuli haeris dabinZureba;
gazrdili akustikuri foni;
RamiT ganaTebulobis fonis Secvla;
eleqtromagnituri veli;
eleqtrodartyma;
zedapiruli da gruntis wylebis SesaZlo dabinZureba;
niadagis dabinZureba da erozia;
vizualuri zemoqmedeba (adamianebisa da manqana-danadgarebis / nagebobebis arseboba moedanze).
hesebis kaskadis infrastruqturisa da misasvleli gzebisTvis gankuTvnili teritoriebiebi
pirdapiri da iribi uaryofiTi, xangrZlivi zemoqmedeba. pirdapiri zemoqmedebis gavrcelebis areali ZiriTadad Semofargluli iqneba saproeqto ubnebiTa da misasvleli gzebis teritoriiT. iribi zemoqmedeba SesaZloa, gascdes proeqtis teritorias. xarisxi: saSualo
zemoqmedeba md. wablariswylis iqtiofaunaze:
- pirdapiri zemoqmedeba:
mdinaris hidrologiuri reJimis cvlileba;
hidroteqnikuri nagebobebis recxva;
saremonto samuSaoebi mdinareSi an mis maxloblad.
- iribi zemoqmedeba:
zedapiruli da gruntis wylebis dabinZureba;
fskeruli naleqebis dabinZureba.
wyalmimRebis ubani
168
1 Zalian dabali xedis cvlileba SeumCnevelia landSaftis cvlileba SeumCnevelia, an landSafti ar aris Rirebulebis mqone.
2 dabali zogierTi wertilidan xedis umniSvnelo cvlilebaa SesamCnevi,
rac advilad Seguebadia.
landSaftis cvlileba umniSvneloa, an landSaftis aRdgenas 1-2 weli sWirdeba.
3 saSualo xedi SesamCnevad Seicvala dakvirvebis mravali wertilidan,
Tumca advilad Seguebadia.
Seicvala bunebrivi landSaftis calkeuli ubnebi, an landSaftis aRdgenas 2-5 weli sWirdeba.
4 maRali xedi mniSvnelovnad Seicvala, rac SesamCnevia dakvirvebis umetesi ubnebidan, magram Seguebadia.
bunebrivi an maRali Rirebulebis mqone landSafti did farTobze Seicvala, an landSaftis aRdgenas 5-10 weli sWirdeba.
5 Zalian maRali xedi mTlianad Seicvala, rac kargad Cans dakvirvebis yvela wertilidan; mosalodnelia Seguebadi an Znelad Sesaguebeli zemoqmedeba receptorebze.
bunebrivi an maRali Rirebulebis mqone landSafti did farTobze Seicvala, an landSaftis aRdgena SeuZlebelia.
8.7.2. mSeneblobis etapi
proeqto xircieldeba 4 km manZilze rekreaciuli zonidan (anu kurort sairmedan). mdinaris garSemo arsebuli teritoria ZiriTadad warmodgenilia xeluxlebeli tyeebiT. samSeneblo samuSaoebisas adgili eqneba garkveul landSaftur da vizualur zemoqmedebas gazrdili satransporto moZraobis, samSeneblo ubanze samuSaoebis, personalisa da manqana-danadgarebisa da droebiTi nagebobebisa da konstruqciebis zemoqmedebis gamo. hidroeleqtrosadguris ubani moSorebulia sacxovrebel ubnebs. vizualuri cvlilebebis potenciur receptorebs warmoadgenen gziT mosargeble mgzavrebi da mZRolebi. samuSaoebiT gamowveuli vizualuri SeSfoTeba gagrZeldeba mxolod mobilizaciisa da mSeneblobis periodSi. rac Seexeba hesis ubans, imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom igi mdebareobs sacxovrebeli ubnebisgan moSorebiT da gzasTan SedarebiT ufro dabal niSnulze, vizualuri zemoqmedeba mcire iqneba. kaSxlis ubani mdebareobs udabnos mineralur wyarosTan axlos, keTilmowyobil teritoriaze. samSeneblo samuSaoebis zemoqmedeba wyalaRebis ubanze droSi SezRuduli iqneba. udabnos kurorti funqcionirebs sezonurad, rac niSnavs imas, rom samSeneblo ubnis siaxloves wlis manZilze bevri xalxi ar iqneba. samuSaoebis dasrulebis Semdeg kaSxlis ubanze da hesis mSeneblobis ubnebze arsebuli yvela droebiTi nageboba, manqana-danadgarebi da dagrovili narCenebi gatanili iqneba. moxdeba ubnebis rekultivacia. droebiTi zemoqmedeba ukavSirdeba narCenebis poligonebs, Tumca am ubnebis mdebareoba imgvarad SeirCeva, rom samuSaoebisa da rekultivaciis dasrulebis Semdeg zemoqmedeba vizualur garemoze minimaluri iqneba.
169
8.7.3. eqspluataciis etapi
eqspluataciis etapze landSaftis/vizualuri zemoqmedebis ZiriTadi saxeebi ukavSirdeba mudmiv nagebobebs. kaSxlis simaRle mcirea da Seadgens 1.5 metrs. rac Seexeba Setborvas, igi SeiZleba rekreaciul ubnad CaiTvalos udabnos vizitorebisa da gziT mosargebleebisTvis. kaSxalize raime maRali/didi zomis konstruqciis mowyoba gaTvaliswinebuli ar aris.
sur. 56. RD Stadl Paura and SW Reinischwehrdams
Setborvis napirebis dacvis mizniT mowyobili mokirwyvla vizualurad naklebad gamaRizianebelia. mokirwyvlis struqtura imeorebs reliefis formebs da kargad erwymis arsebul garemos.
3D Crdilo-dasavleTis xedi
170
3D samxreT-aRmosavleTis xedi
sur. 57. eleqtrosadguris samganzomilebiani xedi (Cd da sa) hidroeleqtrosadguris fasadebi mopirkeTdeba xis zolanebiT, xolo Senoba moeqceva xeebis CrdilqveS, romlebic dairgveba Senobasa da gzas Soris. saremonto da sareabilitacio samuSaoebis warmoebisas aseve, mosalodnelia garkveuli zemoqmedeba. aseTi zemoqmedeba analogiuria mSeneblobis etapze arsebuli zemoqmedebisa, Tumca gacilebiT mcirea. zemoqmedebis xarisxi meryeobs samuSaoebis tipisa da moculobis mixedviT.
8.7.4. zemoqmedebis Sefaseba
zemoxsenebulis gaTvaliswinebiT, zemoqmedebis Sefaseba moxda Semdegi klasifikaciiT: mSenebloba eqspluatacia xasiaTi (dadebiTi/uaryofiTi, pirdapiri/arapirdapiri)
uaryofiTi, pirdapiri
uaryofiTi/dadebiTi, pirdapiri
sidide (Zalian dabali, dabali, saSualo, maRali, Zalian maRali)
dabali dabali
albaToba (dabali, saSualo, maRali riski)
maRali maRali
zemoqmedebis areali (samuSao ubani, saproeqto areali an regioni)
samuSao ubani samuSao ubani
xangrZlivoba (mokle, saSualo, grZelvadiani)
mokle grZelvadiani
Seqcevadoba (Seqcevadi/Seuqcevadi)
simwvave mcire mcire
8.7.5. Semarbilebeli zomebi
zemoqmedebis Serbileba SesaZlebelia Senobis ferisa da dezainis sworad SerCevis gziT.
171
droebiTi konstruqciebis, masalebisa da narCenebis Senaxva saWiroa imgvarad, rom nakleb TavlSi mosaxvedri iyos vizualuri receptorebisTvis.
8.7.6. narCeni zemoqmedebis Sefaseba
cxrili 37. landSaftur-vizualuri zemoqmedeba – Sejameba
8.8. zemoqmedeba socialur-ekonomikur garemoze
8.8.1. zemoqmedebis Sefasebis meTodologia
cxrili 38. socialur-ekonomikuri zemoqmedebis Sefasebis kriteriumebi
faza zemoqmedeba da zemoqmedebis wyaroebi zemoqmedebis receptorebi
narCeni zemoqmedebis daxasiaTeba da Sefaseba
mSeneb
lobis
etapi
vizualur-landSafturi zemoqmedeba - samSeneblo ubnebi, banakebi da
droebiTi nagebobebi; - gamonamuSevari qanebis ganTavsebis
ubnebi; - mSeneblobisa da satransporto
operaciebi.
adamianebi (mineraluri wylis kurortis vizitorebi da personali), mgzavrebi, turistebi, veluri buneba
pirdapiri uaryofiTi zemoqmedeba, romlis xangrZlivobac ganisazRvreba mSeneblobis faziT. xedis cvlileba SesamCnevi iqneba zogierTi wertilidan. xarisxi: saSualo-mcire
eqspl
uat
aciis etapi
vizualur-landSafturi zemoqmedeba - hesis infrastruqturis obieqtebi; - kaSxali da wyalsacavi; - saremonto samuSaoebi.
pirdapiri xangrZlivi zemoqmedeba, Tumca Seguebadi. gavrcelebis areali damokidebulia adgilobriv reliefze, e.i. xilvadobis pirobebze. Setborvis adgili SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnas rekreaciul zonad, rac SeiZleba, dadebiT zemoqmedebad CaiTvalos. xarisxi: mcire
172
ranJireb
a
kategoria socialur-ekonomikuri zemoqmedeba
dadebiTi 1 dabali - regionis mosaxleobis dasaqmebulobis donem 0.1%-ze naklebad moimata
- adgilobrivi mosaxleobis saSualo Semosavali 10%-iT gaizarda
- regionis sabiujeto Semosavlebi 1%-iT gaizarda
- mcired gaumjobesda adgilobrivi infrastruqtura/ eleqtromomarageba, ris Sedegadac gaumjobesda adgilobrivi mosaxleobis sacxovrebeli/
saarsebo da ekonomikuri garemo. 2 saSualo - regionis mosaxleobis dasaqmebulobis done 0.1%-1%-iT moimata
- adgilobrivi mosaxleobis saSualo Semosavali 10-50%-iT gaizarda
- regionis sabiujeto Semosavlebi 1-5%-iT gaizarda
- SesamCnevad gaumjobesda infrastruqtura/eleqtromomarageba, ris Sedegadac mniSvnelovnad gaumjobesda adgilobrivi da regionis mosaxleobis sacxovrebeli/ saarsebo garemo da rac xels uwyobs regionis ekonomikur ganviTarebas.
3 maRali - regionis mosaxleobis dasaqmebulobis done 1%-ze metiT moimata
- adgilobrivi mosaxleobis saSualo Semosavali 50%-ze metiT gaizarda
- regionis sabiujeto Semosavlebi 5%-ze metiT gaizarda
- adgili aqvs infrastruqturis/eleqtromomaragebis mniSvnelovn gaumjobesebas, ris Sedegadac mniSvnelovnad gaumjobesda adgilobrivi mosaxleobis sacxovrebeli/saarsebo garemo da rac xels uwyobs regionis/qveynis ekonomikur ganviTarebas.
uaryofiTi 1 dabali - mosalodnelia resursis an infrastruqturis xelmisawvdomobis mcire
droiT Seferxeba, rac gavlenas ar moaxdens adgilobrivi mosaxleobis Semosavlebze, aseve ar moyveba grZelvadiani uaryofiTi zemoqmedeba adgilobrivi mosaxleobis ekonomikur saqmianobaze
- mosalodnelia mosaxleobis cxovrebis xarisxis daqveiTdeba mcire droiT, rasac ar moyveba grZelvadiani uaryofiTi Sedegi
- janmrTelobaze zemoqmedebas adgili ara aqvs
- usafrTxoebaze zemoqmedeba umniSvneloa
- adgili aqvs xangrZliv, Tumca mosaxleobisTvis advilad Seguebad zemoqmedebas garemoze
- adgilobrivi mosaxleoba 10%-iT gaizrdeba migraciis xarjze. 2 saSualo - resursis an infrastruqturis xelmisawvdomoba mcire droiT
Seferxdeba, ris gamoc adgilobrivi mosaxleoba iZulebulia mcire droiT Seicvalos cxovrebis wesi, Tumca amas grZelvadiani uaryofiTi gavlena ar eqneba adgilobrivi mosaxleobis ekonomikur saqmianobaze
- mosalodnelia adgilobrivi mosaxleobis cxovrebis xarisxis daqveiTdeba mcire droiT, rasac ar moyveba grZelvadiani uaryofiTi Sedegi
- mosalodnelia garkveuli zemoqmedeba janmrTelobaze, Tumca ar arsebobs sikvdilianobis gazrdis riski
- arsebobs usafrTxoebasTan dakavSirebuli garkveuli riskebi
- garkveul zemoqmedebasTan dakavSirebiT mosalodnelia mosaxleobis mxridan saCivrebi
- adgilobrivi mosaxleoba 10-30%-iT gaizrdeba migraciis xarjze.
173
3 maRali - garkveuli resursebi an infrastruqtura adgilobrivi mosaxleobisTvis xelmiuwvdomeli gaxda, ris gamoc isini iZulebulni arian Seicvalon cxovrebis wesi da rasac grZelvadiani uaryofiTi gavlena aqvs maT ekonomikur saqmianobaze
- adgilobrivi mosaxleobis cxovrebis xarisxi SesamCnevad daqveiTda
- adgili aqvs SesamCnev zemoqmedebas janmrTelobaze, arsebobs sikvdilianobis gazrdis riski
- arsebobs usafrTxoebasTan dakavSirebuli garkveuli riskebi
- adgili aqvs korufciul garigebebs dasaqmebasTan dakavSirebiT an nepotizms
- mosaxleoba mudmivad Civis zemoqmedebis garkveul faqtorebTan dakavSirebiT da amasTan dakavSirebiT warmoiqmneba konfliqturi situaciebi mosaxleobasa da personals Soris
- adgilobrivi mosaxleoba 30%-ze metiT gaizrdeba migraciis xarjze, kulturuli garemo adgilobrivi mosaxleobisTvis miuReblad
Seicvala, mosalodnelia axali dasaxlebebis Seqmna.
8.8.2. jandacva da usafrTxoeba
operaciebis warmoebisas (mSenebloba da eqspluatacia) mosalodnelia (mosaxleobisa da personalis) janmrTelobis mdgomareobasTan da usafrTxoebasTan dakavSirebuli riskebis arseboba. zemoqmedebis mosalodneli saxeebia:
pirdapiri (avariebi, simaRlidan Camovardna, daxurul sivrceSi muSaoba, asafeTqebel nivTierebebTan muSaoba, dazianeba samSeneblo teqnikis eqspluataciisas da sxv.) da
iribi (emisiebi, akustikuri fonis cvlileba, wylisa da niadagis dabinZureba).
proeqti xorcieldeba sacxovrebeli ubnebidan moSorebul teritoriaze. jandacvisa da usafrTxoebis riskebi samSeneblo manqana-danadgarebis eqspluataciasTan dakavSirebiT dabalia. proeqti iTvaliswinebs garkveuli moculobiT miwis samuSaoebis warmoebas, gvirabis gayvanasa da mSeneblobas, ramac SeiZleba, warmoSvas garkveuli ekologiuri da janmrTelobasTan/usafrTxoebasTan dakavSirebuli riskebi. potenciuri tipiuri avariuli situaciebi, romlebic SeiZleba, Seiqmnas dagegmili samuSaoebis warmoebisas an gamowveuli iqnas aseTi samuSaoebiT (mSenebloba/mobilizacia, eqspluatacia) da Sesabamisi prevenciuli/Semarbilebeli zomebis mokle aRweriloba mocemulia qvemoT:
avariuli situacia prevenciuli zomebi mSenebloba niadagis /qanis mdgradobis dakargva wyalmimRebis, eleqtrosadguris, maTanabrebeli
rezervuaris, sadawneo milisa da anZis agebisas riski analogiuria imave masStabisa da tipis samSeneblo samuSaoebisas arsebuli riskebisa. gvirabis mSeneblobisas SesaZlo riskebi: Weris Camoqceva, qanebis CamoSvaveba, atmosferuli wylis infiltracia da grintis wylis Semodineba. mSeneblobis dawyebamde gasaTvaliswinebelia avariuli situaciebis SesaZlebloba da unda
174
SemuSavdes samoqmedo gegma. wylis da/an niadagis dabinZureba satransporto saSualebebidan / manqana-danadgarebidan daRvrili sawvaviT/navTobiT
Tanamedrove procedurebis gamoyeneba, teqnikuri momsaxureobis kontrolisa da narCenebis marTvis gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnebis dakmayofileba. transformatorebis aRWurva avariuli daRvris koleqtoriT. personalis treningi. daRvris saswrafo wesiT awmenda da dabinZurebuli ubnis remediacia (saWiroebisamebr). aRWurva Sesabamisi iaraRebiTa da dacvis individualuri saSualebebiT.
wylis nakadis Caxergva – datborva, zemoqmedeba mosaxleobaze da faunaze / floraze.
muSaobis mowinave meTodebis gamoyeneba mdinaris kalapotSi / kalapotTan maxloblad muSaobisas.
specifiuri riskebi, romlebsac SeiZleba, adgili hqondes proeqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli gegmiuri samuSaoebis TiToeul safexurze, maT Soris janmrTelobisa da usafrTxoebis riskebi
Sesabamisi jug standartebis dacva, Sesabamisad gawvrTnili personali.
xanZari, afeTqeba usafrTxoebis zomebis gamoyeneba da saxanZro usafrTxoebis wesebis dacva. aalebadi masalebis / narCenebis saTanado menejmenti. asafeTqebeli nivTierebebis Sesabamisi Senaxva/ personalis treningi.
eqspluatacia xanZari usafrTxoebis zomebis gamoyeneba (signalizacia,
xanZarsawinaaRmdego aRWurviloba, evakuaciis gegma). saxanZro usafrTxoebis wesebis dacva. transformatorebisa da sxva aRWurvilobis gamarTuli mdgomareobis uzrunvelyofa. aalebadi masalebis / narCenebis saTanado menejmenti. personalis treningi. aRWurva Sesabamisi iaraRebiTa da dacvis individualuri saSualebebiT.
sawvavis/navTobis daRvra satransporto saSualebebis, manqana-danadgarebisa da transformatorebisa da sxva aRWurvilobis gamarTuli mdgomareobis uzrunvelyofa. daRvris saswrafo wesiT awmenda da dabinZurebuli ubnis remediacia. daRvrili nivTierebis lokalizeba da awmenda. adgilobrivi remediacia saWiroebisamebr. personalis treningi. aRWurva Sesabamisi iaraRebiTa da dacvis individualuri saSualebebiT.
wyalmimRebis avaria / mwyobridan gamosvla, gadamcemi xazis anZebis mwyobridan gamosvla
avariisas mosalodnelia niadagis erozia, datborva. milsadenis dazianebam SeiZleba, gamoiwvios ferdobis mdgradobis dakargva. mdgradobisa da teqnikuri momsaxureobis monitoringi.
specifiuri riskebi, romlebsac SeiZleba, adgili hqondes proeqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli gegmiuri samuSaoebis TiToeul safexurze, maT Soris janmrTelobisa da usafrTxoebis riskebi
Sesabamisi jug standartebis dacva, Sesabamisad gawvrTnili personali.
riskis sxva saxeebi: avariuli situacia mizezebi prevenciuli zomebi
miwis samuSaoebTan da samSeneblo meqanizmebis eqspluataciasTan dakavSirebuli saoperacio riski
Sesabamisi jug standartebis dacva
liTonis konstruqciis jalambris moZroba jalambris saimedoobis
175
mwyobridan gamosvla mSeneblobis/montaJis dros
Semowmeba kvalificiuri personalis mier
jalambris cudi/araswori SeerTeba
jalambris SeerTeba Sesabamisad gawvrTnili personalis mier, instruqciis dacva.
amwis gadayiraveba araswori dayenebis gamo
teqnikuri reglamentis dacva
SeniSvna. imis gamo, rom samSeneblo samuSaoebs asrulebs kontraqtori, am ukanasknelma unda uzrunvelyos brifingis Catareba personalTan yovel dRe janmrTelobisa da usafrTxoebis sakiTxebze.
garemosdacviTi kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad, avariebze reagirebis gegmis (avariuli gegmis) SemuSaveba savaldebuloa.
8.8.2.1. zemoqmedebis Sefaseba
zemoxsenebulis gaTvaliswinebiT, zemoqmedebis Sefaseba moxda Semdegi klasifikaciiT: mSenebloba eqspluatacia xasiaTi (dadebiTi/uaryofiTi, pirdapiri/arapirdapiri)
uaryofiTi, pirdapiri/ arapirdapiri
sidide (Zalian dabali, dabali, saSualo, maRali, Zalian maRali)
dabali dabali
albaToba (dabali, saSualo, maRali riski)
saSualo maRali
zemoqmedebis areali (samuSao ubani, saproeqto areali an regioni)
samuSao ubani samuSao ubani
xangrZlivoba (mokle, saSualo, grZelvadiani)
mokle grZelvadiani
Seqcevadoba (Seqcevadi/Seuqcevadi)
simwvave mcire mcire
8.8.2.2. Semarbilebeli zomebi
pirdapiri zemoqmedebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT mniSvnelovania Semdegi zomebis miReba:
usafrTxoebis wesebis dacva da maT dacvaze mudmivi zedamxedveloba; personalis instruqtaJi jandacvisa da usafrTxoebis sakiTxebTan
dakavSirebiT maT dasaqmebamde da Semdgom - weliwadSi ramdenjerme; simaRleze personali muSaobs specialuri samagri TokebiTa da
samagrebiT; jandacvisa da usafrTxoebis mizniT samSeneblo ubnebze
uzrunvelyofili unda iyos Sesaferisi gamafrTxilebeli, amkrZalavi da specialuri miTiTebebis Semcveli abrebi;
176
mSeneblobis periodSi samSeneblo ubanze, janmrTelobisTvis gansakuTrebiT saxifaTo adgilebze xelmisawvdomi unda iyos medikamentebis standartuli yuTebi (“afTiaqi”);
nebarTvisa da dacvis specialuri zomebis gareSe samSeneblo ubanze arauflebamosili pirebi ar daiSvebian;
usafrTxoebis wesebis maqsimalurad dacva transportirebis procesSi; transportis moZraobis siCqare dasaxlebul ubnebze unda SeizRudos
optimalur maCveneblemde; riskis Sefaseba adgilze saWiroa regularulad risk-faqtorebis
dadgenisa da riskebis saTanado marTvis mizniT; personalis samedicino dazRveva; afeTqebis operaciebze profesionali personalis dasaqmeba.
mSenebeli kontraqtori da samuSaoebis mwarmoebeli kompania Sesabamisad, mSeneblobisa da eqspluataciis etapebze valdebuli arian, daiqiravon jandacvisa da usafrTxoebis specialistebi.13 am personalis pasuxismgeblobis sfero moicavs samSeneblo ubnebze kontrolis warmoebasa da usafrTxoebis moTxovnebis dakmayofilebis Semowmebas, aseve, usafrTxoebis wesebis darRvevis faqtebis (aseTis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi) aRnusxvas. iribi zemoqmedeba janmrTelobaze uSualo kavSirSia ekologiuri (atmosferuli haeris, niadagis, wylis) xarisxobrivi normebis darRvevasTan.
8.8.2.3. narCeni zemoqmedebis Sefaseba
13
jandacvisa da usafrTxoebis oficeri
zemoqmedeba da zemoqmedebis wyaroebi zemoqmedebis receptorebi
narCeni zemoqmedebis daxasiaTeba da Sefaseba
mSeneblobis etapi
janmrTelobis mdgomareobis gauareseba da usafrTxoebis riskebi: pirdapiri (mag., avariebi, denis dartyma, simaRlidan Camovardna, travmireba, dazianeba samSeneblo teqnikasTan muSaobisas da sxv.) da iribi (emisiebi, gazrdili akustikuri foni, klimatis cvlileba, wylisa da niadagis dabinZureba).
personali da adgilobrivi mosaxleoba
pirdapiri an iribi zemoqmedeba. xangrZlivoba – mSeneblobis etapi. garkveuli zemoqmedeba janmrTelobis mdgomareobaze da usafrTxoebasTan dakavSirebuli riskebi. xarisxi: mcire
eqspluataciis etapi
177
8.8..3. resursebze xelmisawvdomloba, miwis sakuTreba da miwaTsargebloba
arsebuli Sefasebis Tanaxmad, proeqtis farglebSi fizikuri gansaxleba saWiro ar gaxdeba. Tumca, SeiZleba, saWiro gaxdes garkveuli zomiT miwis SeZena droebiTi da/an mudmivi sargeblobisTvis saproeqto nagebobebis, misadgomi gzebisa da xidebis, banakebisa da samSeneblo moednebis mosawyobad. proeqti xorcieldeba saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi arsebul miwaze, miwis erTi nakveTis gamoklebiT, romelic Sps “kurort sairmes” sakuTrebas warmoadgens. samSeneblo samuSaoebis dasrulebis Semdeg narCenebi, droebiTi nagebobebi da zedmeti masala (aseTis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi) gatanili iqneba ubnidan da moxdeba ubnis rekultivacia. zogierTi ubnis Sesyidva moxdeba mudmivi sargeblobisTvis (mag., kaSxali da mimdebare infrastruqturis, eleqtrosadgurisa da qvesadguris teritoriebi). am nakveTebdan arc erTi ar warmoadgens sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwas. samSenebelo masalebis SeZena warmoebs cenzirebuli momwodeblisgan. sakuTari karieris amoqmedebis SemTxvevaSi saWiro gaxdeba Sesabamisi licenziis aReba. narCenebis poligonze mosalodnelia droebiTi zemoqmedeba. naTxari gruntis ganTavseba moxdeba stabilurobis moTxovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT da ubnis Semdgomi rekultivaciiT.
8.8.3.2. zemoqmedebis Sefaseba
zemoxsenebulis gaTvaliswinebiT, zemoqmedebis Sefaseba moxda Semdegi klasifikaciiT: mSenebloba eqspluatacia xasiaTi (dadebiTi/uaryofiTi, pirdapiri/arapirdapiri)
uaryofiTi, pirdapiri
sidide (Zalian dabali, dabali, saSualo, maRali, Zalian maRali)
dabali dabali
albaToba (dabali, saSualo, maRali riski)
maRali dabali
zemoqmedebis areali (samuSao ubani, saproeqto areali an regioni)
samuSao ubani samuSao ubani
janmrTelobis mdgomareobis gauareseba da usafrTxoebis riskebi: pirdapiri (mag., avariebi, denis dartyma, simaRlidan Camovardna, travmireba, dazianeba samSeneblo teqnikasTan muSaobisas da sxv.) da iribi (emisiebi, gazrdili akustikuri foni, klimatis cvlileba, wylisa da niadagis dabinZureba).
ZiriTadad eqspluataciis etapze momuSave personali. aseve,
adgilobrivi momsaxleoba
pirdapiri an arapirdapiri grZelvadiani zemoqmedeba. zemoqmedeba janmrTelobis mdgomareobaze naklebad mosalodnelia. usafrTxoebasTan dakavSirebuli riskebi umniSvneloa. xarisxi: mcire-Zalian mcire
178
xangrZlivoba (mokle, saSualo, grZelvadiani)
mokle grZelvadiani
Seqcevadoba (Seqcevadi/Seuqcevadi)
simwvave mcire mcire
8.8.3.2. Semarbilebeli zomebi
samSeneblo ubnebis sazRvrebisa da transportis moZraobis marSrutis mkacrad dacva saTave nagebobisa da saderivacio milsadenis mSeneblobisas, rac minimumamde Seamcirebs mimdebare teritoriis SesaZlo dazianebas;
rekultivaciis samuSaoebi narCenebis poligonebis wmendis Semdeg; saCivrebisa da maTze reagirebis zomebis registracia.
8.8.3.3. narCeni zemoqmedebis Sefaseba
zemoqmedeba da zemoqmedebis wyaroebi zemoqmedebis receptorebi
narCeni zemoqmedebis daxasiaTeba da Sefaseba
mSeneblobis etapi
resursebze xelmisawvdomloba: samSeneblo samuSaoebis warmoebisas:
- samSeneblo masalebis gamoyeneba; - teqnikuri wylis gamoyeneba; - sasmeli da sasoflo-sameurneo
wylis gamoyeneba.
sxva potenciuri momxmareblebi
pirdapiri, uaryofiTi zemoqmedeba – mSeneblobis etapze. xarisxi: mcire
zemoqmedeba miwis sakuTrebis formasa da miwaTsargeblobaze
miwa, mesakuTreebi
pirdapiri, uaryofiTi zemoqmedeba. xangrZlivoba - mSeneblobis etapi. konfliqturi situaciebis Seqmna mosalodneli ar aris. xarisxi: mcire
eqspluataciis etapi
resursebze xelmisawvdomloba: - sasmeli da sasoflo-sameurneo
wylis gamoyeneba operirebis etapze; - mdinaris wylis gamoyeneba
eleqtroenergiis warmoebis mizniT.
sxva momxmareblebi
saproeqto ubanze sxva momxmareblebi ar arian. xarisxi: mcire
zemoqmedeba miwis sakuTrebis formasa da miwaTsargeblobaze:
- zemoqmedeba axlomdebare miwebis mesakuTreebze – qonebis dazianeba da garkveuli saqmianoba maT kuTvnil miwaze.
miwa, mesakuTreebi
xarisxi: mcire
179
8.8.4. demografiuli cvlilebebi
proeqtis ganxorcielebis arc erT etapze raime seriozuli demografiuli cvlilebebi / migracia mosalodneli ar aris.
8.8.5. ekonomikisa da dasaqmebis xelSewyoba
proeqtis ganxorcielebis Sedegad mniSvnelovnad Seewyoba xeli municipalitetis socialur-ekonomikur ganviTarebas. hesis mSeneblobis procesSi gamoyenebuli iqneba adgilobrivi wyaroebidan mopovebuli samSeneblo masalebi, rac waaxalisebs samSeneblo masalebis mwarmoeblebis bizness. garda amisa, unda aRiniSnos iseTi dadebiTi zemoqmedeba, rogoricaa adgilobrivi mosaxleobis dasaqmebis perspeqtiva. hesis amoqmedebis Semdeg energosistema Seivseba damatebiTi energiiT, rac kidev ufro Seuwyobs xels qveynis energetikul damoukideblobas. mosalodnelia Semosavlis zrda municipalitetsa da regionSi, rac mniSvnelovani dadebiTi zemoqmedebaa socialur-ekonomikuri winsvlis TvalsazrisiT. mSeneblobis etapze, romelic 2 weliwadi gagrZeldeba, dasaqmdeba 200 adamiani. garda amisa, proeqtis ganxorcieleba stimuls miscems samSeneblo masalebis warmoebas da Sedegad, xels Seuwyobs damatebiTi samuSao adgilebis Seqmnas. hesis eqspluataciis procesSi xangrZlivad dasaqmdeba mxolod 20 adamiani. dasaqmebis dadebiTi zemoqmedeba municipalitetis socialur-ekonomikur mdgomareobaze regionalur doneze didad mniSvnelovani ver iqneba.
8.8.5.1. narCeni zemoqmedebis Sefaseba zemoqmedeba da zemoqmedebis wyaroebi
zemoqmedebis receptorebi
narCeni zemoqmedebis daxasiaTeba da Sefaseba
mSeneblobis etapi
ekonimikasa da dasaqmebaSi Setanili wvlili:
- samSeneblo firmebisa da maTze damokidebuli sxva firmebis waxaliseba/ganviTareba;
- samuSao adgilebis Seqmna; - gazrdili sabiujeto
Semosavlebi.
regionaluri ekonomika, firmebi
pirdapiri, dadebiTi, droebiTi zemoqmedeba. zogierTi zemoqmedeba iqneba xangrZlivi (mag., infrastruqturis gaumjobeseba). dasaqmebis, Semosavlisa da sabiujeto Semosavlebis zrda. gaumjobesebuli infrastruqtura. xarisxi: saSualo
eqspluataciis etapi
180
8.8.6. zemoqmedeba infrastruqturaze, satransporto nakadebze da mosaxleobis Tavisufal gadaadgilebaze
proeqti ar moaxdens zemoqmedebas saproeqto ubanze moqceul infrastruqturaze. regionSi arsebuli gza teqnikurad damakmayofilebel mdgomareobaSia. gzebis gamoyeneba moxdeba proeqtisTvis saWiro masalebis, aRWurvilobisa da manqana-danadgarebis gadasatanad. mZime satransporto saSualebebis gazrdili nakadebi garkveulwilad uaryofiTad imoqmedebs gzis zedapirze. fonuri moZraoba saproeqto ubanze didi ar aris. nakleb mosalodnelia, rom satransporto nakadebma mSeneblobis procesSi Seaferxon transportis an adamianebis gadaadgileba. zemoqmedeba gzis infrastruqturasa da satransporto nakadebze eqspluataciis etapze SeiZleba, Sefasdes, rogorc umniSvnelo. Tavad samuSao ubanze gadatvirTul satransporto moZraobas adgili ar eqneba.
8.8.6.1. zemoqmedebis Sefaseba
infrastruqturasa da satransporto nakadebze proeqtis zemoqmedebis Sefaseba moxda Semdegi klasifikaciiT: mSenebloba eqspluatacia xasiaTi (dadebiTi/uaryofiTi, pirdapiri/arapirdapiri)
uaryofiTi, pirdapiri
uaryofiTi, pirdapiri
sidide (Zalian dabali, dabali, saSualo, maRali, Zalian maRali)
dabali - saSualo
albaToba (dabali, saSualo, maRali riski)
saSualo dabali
zemoqmedebis areali (samuSao ubani, saproeqto areali an regioni)
saproeqto ubani samuSao ubani
xangrZlivoba (mokle, saSualo, grZelvadiani)
mokle
Seqcevadoba (Seqcevadi/Seuqcevadi) Seqcevadi Seqcevadi simwvave mcire mcire
ekonimikasa da dasaqmebaSi Setanili wvlili:
- samSeneblo firmebisa da maTze damokidebuli sxva firmebis waxaliseba/ganviTareba;
- samuSao adgilebis Seqmna; - gazrdili sabiujeto
Semosavlebi.
qveynis ekonomikuri mdgomareoba, adgilobrivi warmoeba da mosaxleoba
pirdapiri, dadebiTi, droebiTi zemoqmedeba. infrastruqturisa da energomomaragebis gaumjobeseba, ris Sedegadac gaumjobesdeba adgilobrivi mosaxleobis cxovrebis pirobebi da xeli Seewyoba qveynis ekonomikur ganviTarebas. xarisxi: saSualo - mcire
181
8.8.6.2. Semarbilebeli zomebi
zemoqmedebis minimumamde dayvanis mizniT saWiroa Semdegi Semarbilebeli zomebis ganxorcieleba:
gzis mowyoba mosamzadebeli samuSaoebis warmoebisas – dadebiTi zemoqmedeba;
muxluxa amwis moZraobis maqsimalurad SezRudva; samuSaoebis dasrulebis Semdeg unda aRdges yvela dazianebuli ubani
da daubrundes sawyis mdgomareobas; samSeneblo ubanze optimaluri misadgomi gzis SerCeva; saerTo sargeblobis gzebze teqnikis gadaadgilebis maqsimalurad
SezRudva; proeqtis monawileebi informirebuli iqnebian samSeneblo samuSaoebis
Sesrulebis grafikisa da xangrZlivobis Sesaxeb; saCivrebis (aseTis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi) da maTze saTanado
reagirebis zomebis registracia; samuSaoTa Tanmimdevrobis optimalurad dagegmva; mSeneblobis procesSi da gansakuTrebiT, mSeneblobis dasrulebis
Semdeg unda aRdges gzis yvela dazianebuli monakveTi da daubrundes sawyis mdgomareobas.
8.8.6.3. narCeni zemoqmedebis Sefaseba
zemoqmedeba da zemoqmedebis wyaroebi zemoqmedebis receptorebi
narCeni zemoqmedebis daxasiaTeba da Sefaseba
mSeneblobis etapi
gzis safaris dazianeba: - mZime teqnikis gadaadgileba.
satransporto moZraobis gaZliereba: - teqnikis gadaadgileba; - moZraobis SezRudva; - gzebis gadaketva samuSaoebis
usafrTxod Sesrulebis mizniT.
adgilobrivi infrastruqtura, xalxi
pirdapiri, uaryofiTi zemoqmedeba. xangrZlivoba – mSeneblobis etapi. SesaZlebelia gzis infrastruqturT sargeblobis SezRudva. xarisxi: mcire
eqspluataciis etapi
gzis safaris dazianeba: - teqmomsaxureobis / saremonto
teqnikis gadaadgileba. satransporto moZraobis gaZliereba:
- teqnikis gadaadgileba; moZraobis SezRudva;
- ar aris mosalodneli.
adgilobrivi infrastruqtura, xalxi
pirdapiri, uaryofiTi zemoqmedeba xarisxi: Zalzed mcire
182
8.8.6.7. narCenebi
8.8.6.7.1. zemoqmedebis daxasiaTeba
hesebis kaskadis mSeneblobisa da eqspluataciis etapebze saWiroa narCenebis marTvis yvela saTanado zomis ganxorcieleba samuSaoebis warmoebis procesSi narCenebis warmoqmnis minimumamde dayvanis, maTi reciklirebis moculobis gazrdisa da maqsimaluri zomiT xelmeored gamoyenebis xelSewyobis mizniT; da bolos, narCenebi unda ganTavsdes am mizniT SerCeul Sesaferis ubnebze. aseTi zomebis ganxorcieleba warmoadgens pasuxismgebeli piris valdebulebas. igi gaakontrolebs narCenebis droebiTi ganTavsebisa da gatanis procesebs da aRnusxavs maT.
8.8.6.7.2. zemoqmedebis Sefaseba
zemoxsenebulis gaTvaliswinebiT, zemoqmedebis Sefaseba moxda Semdegi klasifikaciiT:
mSenebloba eqspluatacia xasiaTi (dadebiTi/uaryofiTi, pirdapiri/arapirdapiri)
uaryofiTi, pirdapiri
uaryofiTi
sidide (Zalian dabali, dabali, saSualo, maRali, Zalian maRali)
dabali - saSualo dabali - saSualo
albaToba (dabali, saSualo, maRali riski)
maRali maRali
zemoqmedebis areali (samuSao ubani, saproeqto areali an regioni)
samuSao ubani samuSao ubani
xangrZlivoba (mokle, saSualo, grZelvadiani)
mokle grZelvadiani
Seqcevadoba (Seqcevadi/Seuqcevadi) Seqcevadi Seqcevadi
simwvave mcire mcire
8.8.3.2. Semarbilebeli zomebi
mSeneblobis etapi kaskadis mSeneblobis procesSi mSenebeli kontraqtori valdebulia, ganaxorcielos Semarbilebeli zomebi narCenebis marTvis moTxovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT, raSic sxva zomebTan erTad Sedis Semdegi:
naTxari gruntis nawilis gamoyeneba moxdeba proeqtis miznebiT; aucilebelia narCenebis poligonis stabilurobis uzrunvelyofa
(ferdobis daxriloba 45°). saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi unda moewyos damcavi konstruqcia;
saWiroa narCenebis marTvis gegmis SemuSaveba da Sesruleba; liTonis jarTis Cabareba unda moxdes Sesabamis punqtebSi; samSeneblo ubanze dagrovili sayofacxovrebo narCenebi unda
ganTavsdes uaxloes nagavsayrelze adgilobriv organoebTan gaformebuli kontraqtis safuZvelze;
183
safixaTo narCenebis droebiTi ganTavsebis mizniT unda moewyos specialuri droebiTi sawyobi; am tipis narCenebisTvis mSeneblobis ubanze unda daidgas specialuri, markirebuli konteinerebi;
narCenebis marTva unda ganaxorcielos Sesabamisad gawvrTnilma personalma. treningi Catardeba periodulad;
safixaTo narCenebis samSenebelo ubnidan gatana unda moxdes mocemul saqmianobaze Sesabamisi nebarTvis mqone kontraqtoris mier;
mSeneblobis ubnidan Camdinare wylis CaSveba zedapirul wyalsatevSi dasaSvebia mxolod gawmendis Semdeg.
eqspluataciis etapi hesis eqspluataciis procesSi saxifaTo narCenebis droebiTi ganTavsebisaTvis hesze saWiroa gamoiyos specialuri sasawyobe saTavsi, romelic mowyobili unda iqnas garemosdacviTi moTxovnebis dacviT, kerZod:
saTavsis iataki da kedlebi mopirkeTebuli unda iyos keramikuli filebiT;
saTavsis Weri SeRebili unda iyos tenmedegi saRebaviT;
saTavsi unda aRiWurvos Semdegi saSualebebiT: o gamwovi ventilaciiT; o xelsabaniT da onkaniT teritoriis morwyva-morecxvisaTvis; o wyalmimRebi trapiT.
narCenebis ganTavsebisaTvis saWiroa moewyos stelaJebi da Taroebi;
narCenebis ganTavseba dasaSvebia mxolod hermetul taraSi SefuTul mdgomareobaSi, romelsac unda gaaCndes saTanado markireba.
narCenebis marTva unda daevalos gawvrTnil personals. personalis treningi unda warmoebdes regularulad;
samSeneblo banakebis teritoriidan saxifaTo narCenebis gatana da Semdgomi marTva unda moxdes am saqmianobaze saTanado nebarTvis mqone kontraqtori kompaniis saSualebiT.
8.8.7.4. narCenebis menejmentTan dakavSirebuli zemoqmedeba faza zemoqmedebisa da zemoqmedebis
wyaroebis aRwera receptorebi narCeni zemoqmedebis
daxasiaTeba da Sefaseba mSeneblobis etapi
184
zemoqmedeba myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebis nagavsayrelze:
- nagavsayrelze datvirTvis gazrda.
zemoqmedeba myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebis droebiTi ganTavsebisTvis mowyobil ubnebze:
- zemoqmedeba niadagze da zedapirul / gruntis wylebze;
- vizualuri zemoqmedeba, maT Soris teritoriis dabinZureba narCenebiT.
zemoqmedeba gvirabis saerTo gamonamuSevrebis ganTavsebis ubnebze:
- sanayro ubnebze warmoqmnili wylebis zemoqmedeba wyalsa da niadagze;
- vizualur-landSafturi zemoqmedeba.
zemoqmedeba sadrenaJo wylis CaSvebis obeiqtebze:
- simRvrivisa da pH balansis cvlileba.
zemoqmedeba Txevadi sayofacxovrebo narCenebis warmoqmnis ubnebze:
- ubnis dabinZureba gaJonvis SemTxvevaSi.
zemoqmedeba Txevadi sayofacxovrebo narCenebis CaSvebis obieqtebze:
- wylis xarisxis daqveiTeba.
narCenebis
a da myar
i ayofac
xovr
ebo nar
Cenebis
droeb
iTi /
mudmivi g
anTavsebis
miz
niT g
amoyo
fil
i ubnebi,
Camd
inar
e wyl
ebis
mimReb
i obieqt
ebi, n
iadag
i
saerTo: pirdapiri, uaryofiTi, droebiTi zemoqmedeba. xangrZlivoba Semoifargleba mSeneblobis faziT.
datvirTva adgilobriv nagavsayrelze:
datvirTvis mateba nagavsayrelze ar aRemateba 10%-s. xarisxi: mcire
municipaluri kanalizaciis datvirTva:
municipaluri kanalizaciis datvirTva mosalodneli ar aris. xarisxi: Zalzed mcire
ekologiuri obieqtebis (wyali, niadagi) narCenebiT dabinZurebis safrTxe;
xarisxi: mcire
eqspluataciis etapi
185
8.8.8. kumulatiuri zemoqmedeba
kaSxlis ubnis qveda da zeda biefSi samrewvelo wylebis sxva momxmareblebi ar arian. mocemul etapze cnobili ar aris raime arsebuli an gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli wyaro, romelmac SesaZloa, damatebiTi zemoqmedeba moaxdinos proeqtze. kumulatiuri zemoqmedeba ganxiluli ar aris.
zemoqmedeba myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebis ganTavsebis ubnebze:
- zemoqmedeba niadagze da zedapirul / gruntis wylebze;
- vizualuri zemoqmedeba, maT Soris teritoriis dabinZureba narCenebiT.
zemoqmedeba myari narCenebis droebiTi ganTavsebis ubnebze:
- zemoqmedeba niadagze da zedapirul / gruntis wylebze;
- vizualuri zemoqmedeba, maT Soris teritoriis dabinZureba narCenebiT.
zemoqmedeba Txevadi sayofacxovrebo narCenebis warmoqmnis ubnebze:
- ubnis dabinZureba gaJonvis SemTxvevaSi.
zemoqmedeba Txevadi sayofacxovrebo narCenebis CaSvebis obieqtebze:
- wylis xarisxis daqveiTeba.
narCenebis
droeb
iTi / mu
dmivi g
anTavseb
is
mizni
T g
amoyo
fil
i ubnebi,
Camd
inar
e wyl
ebis
mimReb
i obieqt
ebi, n
iadag
i
saerTo: pirdapiri, uaryofiTi, mudmivi zemoqmedeba.
datvirTva nagavsayrelze/ kanalizaciaze:
nagavsayrelisa da sakanalizacio koleqtorebis datvirTvaze zemoqmedeba mosalodneli ar aris xarisxi: Zalzed mcire
ekologiuri obieqtebis (wyali, niadagi) narCenebiT dabinZurebis safrTxe;
xarisxi: Zalzed mcire
186
9. Semarbilebeli zomebis Sejameba
Semarbilebeli zomebis ganxorcielebis pasuxismgebloba ekisreba mSenebel kontraqtors.
9.1. mSenebelobis faza
receptori/zemoqmedeba zemoqmedebis aRwera Semarbilebeli RonisZieba araorganuli mtvris gamoyofa atmosferul haerSi
miwis samuSaoebisas warmoqmnili mtveri;
transportirebisas warmoqmnili mtveri;
samSeneblo masalebze operaciebis dros warmoqmnili mtveri.
manqana-danadgarebis teqnikuri gamarTulobis uzrunvelyofa;
transportis moZraobis optimaluri siCqaris dacva (gansakuTrebiT, moxreSil gzaze);
dasaxlebul ubnebze arsebuli gzebiT licenzirebuli sargebloba;
miwis samuSaoebis warmoebisas da masalebis datvirTva-gadmotvirTvisas mtvris Warbi emisiis Tavidan asacileblad sifrTxilis zomebis miReba (mag., datvirTva-gadmotvirTvisas didi simaRlidan masalis dayris akrZalva);
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi saTanado RonisZiebebis gatareba mtvris emisiis Semcirebis mizniT (mag., samuSao ubnis morwyva);
saWiroebisamebr personalis uzrunvelyofa dacvis Sesaferisi saSualebebiT (niRbebi, respiratorebi);
personalis instruqtaJi samuSaoebis dawyebamde;
saCivrebis Semosvlis SemTxvevaSi maTi dafiqsireba/aRricxva da saTanado reagireba.
wvis produqtebis gamoyofa atmosferul haerSi
transportis, samSeneblo teqnikisa da sayofacxovrebo generatorebis namuSevari airebi;
SeduRebis aerozolebi.
manqana-danadgarebis teqnikuri gamarTulobis uzrunvelyofa;
transportis moZraobis optimaluri siCqarisa da marSrutis dacva;
miaqcieT yuradReba, rom rodesac ar xdeba satransporto saSualebiT sargebloba, misi Zravi iyos gamorTuli an muSaobdes minimaluri datvirTviT;
personalis instruqtaJi samuSaoebis dawyebamde;
saCivrebis Semosvlis SemTxvevaSi maTi dafiqsireba/aRricxva da saTanado reagireba.
xmauris gavrceleba samuSao ubanze
xmauri da vibracia transportirebisas;
samSeneblo teqnikiT gamowveuli xmauri da vibracia.
manqana-danadgarebis teqnikuri gamarTulobis uzrunvelyofa;
saWiroebisamebr personalis uzrunvelyofa dacvis Sesaferisi saSualebebiT (yursacmebi);
“xmauriani” samuSaoebis warmoeba dRis saaTebSi;
saCivrebis Semosvlis SemTxvevaSi maTi dafiqsireba/aRricxva da saTanado reagireba.
187
receptori/zemoqmedeba zemoqmedebis aRwera Semarbilebeli RonisZieba xmauris gavrceleba sakurorto zonaSi
manqana-danadgarebis teqnikuri gamarTulobis uzrunvelyofa;
“xmauriani” samuSaoebis warmoeba dRis saaTebSi;
personalis instruqtaJi samuSaoebis dawyebamde;
saCivrebis Semosvlis SemTxvevaSi maTi dafiqsireba/aRricxva da saTanado reagireba.
niadagis stabilurobis darRveva da nayofieri fenis ganadgureba
niadagis stabilurobis darRveva, nayofieri fenis dazianebis riski mSeneblobis dros.
saproeqto ubanze dagegmili samuSaoebisas dawesebuli usafrTxoebis normebis dacva;
samSeneblo ubnis sazRvrebis mkacrad dacva niadagis nayofier fenaze zemoqmedebis Tavidan asacileblad;
moawyveT damcavi nagebobebi (saWiroebisamebr);
niadagis nayofieri fenis moxsna (saWiroebisamebr) da droebiTi dasawyobeba rekultivaciis mizniT gamoyenebamde;
personalis instruqtaJi samuSaoebis dawyebamde;
SesaZlo riskebis droulad dafiqsireba da dauyovnebeli reagireba.
gruntis/niadagis dabinZureba
niadagis dabinZureba narCenebiT;
niadagis dabinZureba sawvavis/zeTebis daRvris gamo.
manqana-danadgarebis teqnikuri gamarTulobis uzrunvelyofa sawvavis/sapoxi masalebis daRvris Tavidan acilebis mizniT. sawvavis/sapoxi masalebis swori menejmenti;
narCenebis swori menejmenti, separireba da SeZlebisdagvarad xelaxla gamoyeneba; gamousadegari narCenebis moTavseba specialur konteinerebSi da teritoriidan gatana;
sawvavis/sapoxi masalebis daRvris lokalizacia da gawmenda;
personalis instruqtaJi samuSaoebis dawyebamde;
Sesaferisi teqnikuri saSualebebiT da inventariT aRWurva (konteinerebi, daRvris Semkrebi saSualebebi da sxv.);
samuSaoebis dasrulebis Semdeg yvela potenciuri damabinZurebeli masalis gatana.
hidrologiuri reJimi – natanisa da wylis xarjis cvlileba
mdinareSi wylis xarjis cvlileba wyalmimRebi nagebobis mSeneblobisas.
zemoqmedeba mosalodneli ar aris;
ar saWiroebs Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebis Catarebas;
dambebis mSeneblobis dros moxdeba mdinaris droebiTi derivacia, Tumca, aRniSnuli ar gamoiwvevs mdinaris hidrologiuri reJimis cvlilebas.
zedapiruli wylis dabinZureba
dabinZureba miwis samuSaoebis warmoebisas;
myari da Txevadi narCenebis araswori menejmentiT gamowveuli dabinZureba;
manqana-danadgarebis teqnikuri gamarTulobis uzrunvelyofa sawvavis/sapoxi masalebis daRvris Tavidan acilebis mizniT;
manqanebis adgilze teqmomsaxureobisas saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi adgilis SerCeva wylis obieqtidan moSorebiT;
narCenebis swori menejmenti, separireba da SeZlebisdagvarad
188
receptori/zemoqmedeba zemoqmedebis aRwera Semarbilebeli RonisZieba
sawvavis/zeTis daRvriT gamowveuli dabinZureba.
xelaxla gamoyeneba; gamousadegari narCenebis moTavseba specialur konteinerebSi da teritoriidan gatana licenzirebuli kontraqtoris mier;
gvirabis mSeneblobisas saleqaris mowyoba sadrenaJo wylebisaTvis;
Sesabamisi zomis, Sesabamisi tevadobis Camdinare wylis saleqaris cisternis uzrunvelyofa samSeneblo banakis teritoriaze;
sawvavis/zeTis daRvris lokalizeba da gawmenda;
personalis instruqtaJi samuSaoebis dawyebamde;
Sesaferisi teqnikuri saSualebebiT da inventariT aRWurva (konteinerebi, daRvris Semkrebi saSualebebi da sxv.);
samuSaoebis dasrulebis Semdeg yvela potenciuri damabinZurebeli masalis gatana.
gruntis wylis xarjis cvlileba
wyalSemcveli horizontis gadakveTa da gruntis wylis reJimis darRveva miwisqveSa infrastruqturis mowyobisas.
saqmianobis xasiaTidan gamomdinare, mocemuli zemoqmedebis zustad dadgena rTulia da Sesabamisad, mocemul etapze konkretuli Semarbilebeli zomebi dasaxuli ar aris.
gruntis wylis dabinZureba
xarisxis daqveiTeba dabinZurebuli zedapiruli wyliT an niadagiT;
samSeneblo samuSaoebis dros (gansakuTrebiT, miwis samuSaoebis dros) sawvavis/sapoxi masalis daRvris Sedegad wylis xarisxis gauareseba.
zedapiruli wylis dabinZurebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT yvela saWiro RonisZiebis gatareba (ix. Sesabamisi punqti);
niadagis xarisxis daqveiTebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT yvela saWiro RonisZiebis gatareba (ix. Sesabamisi punqti);
miwisqveSa arxis mSeneblobisas usafrTxoebis yvela wesis dacva gruntis wylis dabinZurebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT.
zemoqmedeba mcenareul safarze
uSualo zemoqmedeba mcenareul safarze;
iribi zemoqmedeba – mtveri, gamonabolqvi.
samSeneblo ubnis mimdebare teritoriaze arsebul mcenareul safarze zemoqmedebis minimumamde Semcirebis mizniT transportis moZraobis marSrutisa da samSeneblo ubnis sazRvrebis mkacri dacva;
samuSaoebis dawyebamde personalisTvis instruqtaJis Catareba mcenareuli safaris dacvis sakiTxebze;
xe-mcenareebis moWra (gaCexva) dasaSvebia garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros mier uflebamosili samsaxuris zedamxedvelobiT;
yvela saWiro RonisZiebis gatareba atmosferuli haeris dabinZurebis Tavidan acilebisa da niadagis xarisxis dacvis mizniT (ix. Sesabamisi punqtebi).
189
receptori/zemoqmedeba zemoqmedebis aRwera Semarbilebeli RonisZieba zemoqmedeba faunaze samSeneblo teqnikis /
transportisa da adamianebis gadaadgilebis gamo adgilobrivi faunis droebiTi SeSfoTeba (pirdapiri zemoqmedeba – Sejaxeba; arapirdapiri – mtvris emisiis zemoqmedeba).
transportis moZraobis marSrutis da samSeneblo ubnebis sazRvrebis mkacri dacva;
moZraobis optimaluri siCqaris SerCeva mtvris emisiis Sesamcireblad;
faunis SeSfoTebis minimizaciis mizniT xmamaRali signalis SezRudva;
manqanebis da teqnikuri saSualebebis gamarTulobis uzrunvelyofa xmauris/vibraciis Sesamcireblad;
miwis samuSaoebis warmoebisas rekomendebulia samuSao teritoriis SemoRobva mcire zomis ZuZumwovrebis TxrilSi Cavardnis riskis Tavidan asacileblad;
personalis instruqtaJi samuSaoebis dawyebamde. zemoqmedeba iqtiofaunaze zedapiruli wylis xarisxis
daqveiTeba miwis samuSaoebis warmoebisas da mSeneblobis periodSi;
mdinaris xarjis droebiTi cvlileba wyalmimRebi nagebobis mSeneblobis procesSi.
wylis dabinZurebis Tavidan acileba narCenebis saTanado menejmentis uzrunvelyofiT;
sifrTxile wylis obieqtis maxloblad muSaobis dros wylis simRvrivis zrdis Tavidan acilebis mizniT;
saTao nagebobebis samSeneblo samuSaoebis warmoeba wylis biologiuri garemosaTvis naklebad ~mgrZnobiare” periodSi.
narCenebi samSeneblo narCenebi;
sayofacxovrebo narCenebi.
narCenebis nawilis gamoyeneba proeqtis miznebiT;
gamonamuSevris ganTavsebis samuSaoebis damTavrebis Sedeg saWiroa nayarebis zedapirebis rekultivaciis samuSaoebis Catareba;
narCenebis poligonis dacva eroziisgan – monitoringi da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi – dacvis uzrunvelyofa;
liTonis jarTi Cabardeba Sesabamis samsaxurs;
samSeneblo banakis teritoriaze warmoqmnili sayofacxovrebo narCenebi ganTavsdes adgilobriv nagavsayrelze;
asafeTqebeli masalis narCenebis gatana unda moxdes licenzirebuli kontraqtoris mier;
saxifaTo narCenebis droebiTi ganTavsebisaTvis samSeneblo banakis teritoriaze moewyos specialuri sasawyobo saTavsi, xolo samSeneblo moednebze ganTavsdes specialuri markirebis mqone hermetuli konteinerebi;
narCenebis marTvisaTvis gamoyofili iqnas saTanado momzadebis mqone personali, romelTac periodulad Cautardes swavleba da testireba;
190
receptori/zemoqmedeba zemoqmedebis aRwera Semarbilebeli RonisZieba
samSeneblo banakidan saxifaTo narCenebis gatana unda moxdes Sesabamisi licenziis mqone kontraqtoris mier;
samSeneblo banakidan Camdinare wylebis gadagdeba zedapirul wyalSi dasaSvebia mxolod gawmendis Semdeg.
landSaftur-vizualuri cvlileba
landSaftur-vizualuri cvlileba wyalmimRebi nagebobis, saderivacio milsadenis, qvesadgurisa da arsebuli samSeneblo banakis mSeneblobis Sedegad;
vizualuri cvlileba gazrdili satransporto nakadis gamo.
mSeneblobis dros samSeneblo teqnikisa da manqanebis gadaadgilebiT gamowveuli “vizualuri” zemoqmedeba gardauvalia, Tumca, aseTi zemoqmedeba sakmaod umniSvnelo da xanmoklea;
mSeneblobis dasrulebis Semdeg (dambebis, eleqtrosadgurisa da sxva mudmivi nagebobebis arsebobis gamo) landSaftis “vizualuri” cvlilebebis nawilobriv Serbileba SesaZlebelia garemosTan Serwymis mizniT bunebrivi masalebisa da saRebavis gamoyenebiT;
mSeneblobis dasrulebis Semdeg saWiroa teritoriis gawmenda da rekultivacia.
usafrTxoebis riskebi pirdapiri (satransporto avaria da sxv.);
iribi (atmosferuli emisiebi, gazrdili akustikuri foni, wylisa da niadagis dabinZureba).
transportis eqspluataciis usafrTxoebis wesebis maqsimalurad dacva;
dasaxlebul punqtebze transportis moZraobis marSrutis SezRudva;
Sesabamisi gamafrTxilebeli, mimarTulebis maCvenebeli da amkrZalavi niSnebis dayeneba janmrTelobisTvis saxifaTo zonebSi;
samSeneblo ubanze arsebul, janmrTelobisTvis saxifaTo ubnebze unda arsebobdes pirveladi samedicino daxmarebis yuTebi;
samSeneblo ubnebze personalis/vizitorebis kontroli da daSveba mxolod specialuri damcavi saSualebebiT;
ubanze arsebuli riskebis regularulad Sefaseba mosaxleobis risk-faqtorebis gamosavlenad da riskis marTvis Sesabamisi zomebis SemuSavebis mizniT;
personalis aRWurva dacvis individualuri saSualebebiT;
simaRleze muSaobisas personali damagrebuli unda iyos TokebiTa da samagrebiT;
personalis treningi maTi dasaqmebis procesSi da momdevno periodSic usafrTxoebisa da Sromis sakiTxebze;
personalis samedicino dazRveva;
yvela saWiro zomis ganxorcieleba atmosferuli haeris, wylisa da niadagis dabinZurebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT (ix.
191
receptori/zemoqmedeba zemoqmedebis aRwera Semarbilebeli RonisZieba Sesabamisi punqtebi).
zemoqmedeba satransporto infrastruqturaze
gzis safaris dazianeba;
satransporto nakadis gadatvirTva;
moZraobis SezRudva.
gzis reabilitacia mobilizaciis samuSaoebisas – dadebiTi zemoqmedeba;
muxluxa amwis moZraobis maqsimalurad SezRudva;
mSeneblobis dasrulebis Semdeg gzis yvela dazianebuli monakveTis aRdgena sawyis mdgomareobaSi;
mosaxleobis/mgzavrebis gadaadgilebis minimalurad SezRudva gzis reabilitaciis/mSeneblobis procesSi;
samSeneblo ubanze misasvleli optimaluri SemovliTi gzis SerCeva;
manqanebis moZraobis maqsimalurad SezRudva saerTo sargeblobis gzebze;
mosaxleobis informireba samuSaoebis grafikis Sesaxeb;
saCivrebis Semosvlis SemTxvevaSi maTi dafiqsireba/aRricxva da saTanado reagireba.
9.2. eqspluataciis etapi
saremonto/teqmomsaxureobis samuSaoebis warmoebisas SeiZleba, adgili hqondes garkveul umniSvnelo da xanmokle zemoqmedebas garemoze. zemoqmedebis xasiaTi analogiuria mSeneblobis etapze mosalodneli zemoqmedebisa. zemoqmedebis xarisxi damokidebulia saremonto/teqmomsaxureobis samuSaoebis masStabsa da xangrZlivobaze. Serbilebis zomebi da pasuxismgeblobaTa sfero ganisazRvreba konkretuli reabilitaciis/samSeneblo proeqtisTvis individualurad konkretuli samuSaos xasiaTis gaTvaliswinebiT.
192
10. garmosdacviTi da socialuri monitoringis gegma
garemos monitoringis mizania: potenciuri zemoqmedebis Sefasebis dadastureba; garemosdacviTi da usafrTxoebis sakanonmdeblo/normatul
moTxovnebTan Sesabamisobis kontroli/uzrunvelyofa; riskebisa da ekologiuri/socialuri zemoqmedebis kontroli; sazogadoebis/dainteresebuli pirebis saTanadod informireba; Semarbilebeli zomebis efeqturobis gansazRvra da saWiroebis
SemTxvevaSi maTi koreqtireba; ekologiuri zemoqmedebisa da riskebis kontroli mSeneblobisa da
eqspluataciis procesSi. monitoringis meTodebi moicavs vizualur dakvirvebasa da gazomvebs (saWiroebisamebr). monitoringis programiT mocemulia monitoringis parametrebi, monitoringis dro da sixSire, monitoringis monacemebis Segroveba da analizi. monitoringis masStabi damokidebulia mosalodneli zemoqmedebisa da riskebis xarisxze.
193
10.1. monitoringis gegma – mosamzadebeli da samSeneblo samuSaoebi kontrolis sagani / gasakontrolebeli
qmedeba
kontrolis/sinjis aRebis wertili
meTodi sixSire / dro mizani pasuxismgebeli piri
haeri (mtveri da gamonabolqvi)
samSeneblo moednebi;
samSeneblo moedanze misadgomi gzebi;
uaxloesi receptori.
vizualuri kontroli;
manqana-danadgarebis teqnikuri daTvaliereba;
gazomvebi.
miwis samuSaoebisas da periodulad mSral amindSi.
samSeneblo samuSaoebis dros, m.S. gzis reabilitaciis drosac;
manqana-danadgarebis teqnikuri daTvaliereba samuSaoebis dawyebamde;
intensiuri transportirebisas mSral amindSi;
manqana-danadgarebis teqnikuri daTvaliereba samuSaoebis dawyebamde;
Semowmeba saWiroebisamebr an saCivrebis SemTxvevaSi.
dadgenili xarisxobrivi normativebis dacva;
mosaxleobis minimalurad SeSfoTeba;
personalis usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa;
mcenareuli safaris/florisa da faunis SeSfoTebis minimamde dayvana.
mSenebeli kontraqtori;
damkveTi.
xmauri da vibracia samSeneblo moednebi;
uaxloesi receptori.
Senobebis pirobebis kontroli (vibraciiT gamowveuli dazianebebis dasadgenad);
manqana-danadgarebis teqnikuri daTvaliereba;
perioduli gazomvebi.
manqana-danadgarebis teqnikuri daTvaliereba samuSaoebis dawyebamde;
regularuli kontroli da/an saCivris Semosvlis Semdeg.
jandacvisa da usafrTxoebis normebTan Sesabamisobis uzrunvelyofa;
personalisTvis komfortuli samuSao pirobebis Seqmna;
Senoba-nagebobebis mdgomareobis SenarCuneba;
faunis/mosaxleobis minimaluri SeSfoTeba.
mSenebeli kontraqtori;
damkveTi.
niadagi samSeneblo moedani;
samuSao ubnebi;
masalebisa da narCenebis dasawyobebis ubnebi.
regularuli kontroli, zedamxedveloba;
manqana-danadgarebis teqnikuri daTvaliereba;
laboratoriuli kontroli.
perioduli Semowmeba;
Semowmeba samuSaoebis dasrulebis Semdeg;
laboratoriuli analizi – damabinZureblis daRvris SemTxvevaSi;
niadagis stabilurobisa da xarisxis SenarCuneba.
mSenebeli kontraqtori;
damkveTi.
wyali samSeneblo moednebi;
samuSao ubnebze – zedapiruli wylebis samuSao ubnebTan (wyalmimRebTan, gzebis mowyobis adgilebze).
vizualuri kontroli;
meqanizmebisa da danadgarebis teqnikuri daTvaliereba;
myari narCenebis marTvis kontroli;
Camdinare wylebis marTvis kontroli;
wyalgamwmendi
samSeneblo moednis momzadebis procesSi (wylis obieqtebis siaxloves);
rodesac samSeneblo samuSaoebi warmoebs wylis obieqtebis siaxloves an mdinareSi;
myari narCenebis transportirebis / Senaxvis procesSi;
teqnikuri daTvaliereba
wylis xarisxis SenarCuneba;
iqtiofaunaze potenciuri zemoqmedebis minimumamde Semcireba.
mSenebeli kontraqtori;
damkveTi.
194
kontrolis sagani / gasakontrolebeli
qmedeba
kontrolis/sinjis aRebis wertili
meTodi sixSire / dro mizani pasuxismgebeli piri
nageobibis Semowmeba;
laboratoriuli analizi saWiroebisamebr. .
samuSaoebis dawyebamde;
gamwmendi nagebobebis regularuli Semowmeba;
laboratoriuli analizi – damabinZureblebis daRvris Semdeg an gamwmendi nagebobis teqnikuri mdgomareobis gauaresebis Semdeg.
mcenareuli safari samSeneblo moedani;
samuSao ubani;
narCenebis dasawyobebis ubani;
misasvleli gza.
vizualuri kontroli.
mcenareuli safaris xarisxobrivi da raodenobrivi Semowmeba samuSaoebis dawyebamde;
kontroli samuSao saaTebSi; aragegmiuri Semowmeba;
mcenareuli safaris Semowmeba da aRdgena samuSaoebis dasrulebis Semdeg.
mcenareuli safaris SenarCuneba, faunis/mosaxleobis SeSfoTebis minimumamde dayvana;
niadagisa da wylis xarisxis SenarCuneba.
mSenebeli kontraqtori;
damkveTi.
narCenebi samSeneblo moedani da/an mimdebare teritoria;
narCenebis ganTavsebis teritoria.
teritoriis vizualuri daTvaliereba;
narCenebis marTvis kontroli.
periodulad, gansakuTrebiT – qarian amindSi.
niadagisa da wylis xarisxis dacva.
mSenebeli kontraqtori;
damkveTi.
Sromis usafrTxoeba samuSao ubani. inspeqtireba;
dacvis individualuri saSualebebis arsebobisa da gamarTulobis regularuli kontroli.
perioduli kontroli samuSaoebis warmoebis periodSi.
jandacvisa da usafrTxoebis normebTan Sesabamisobis uzrunvelyofa;
travmatizmis Tavidan acileba / minimumamde Semcireba.
mSenebeli kontraqtori – jandacvisa da usafrTxoebis oficeri;
damkveTi.
195
10.2. monitoringis gegma – eqspluatacia kontrolis sagani / gasakontrolebeli
qmedeba
kontrolis/sinjis aRebis wertili
meTodi sixSire / dro mizani pasuxismgebeli piri
xmauri uaxloes receptorTan. mowyobilobis teqnikuri daTvaliereba;
perioduli kontroli.
perioduli kontroli;
saremonto samuSaoebis Semdgomi saCivrebis SemTxvevaSi.
jandacvisa da usafrTxoebis normebTan Sesabamisobis uzrunvelyofa;
mosaxleobis minimaluri Sewuxeba;
faunaze minimaluri gavlena.
hes-is operatori kompania
niadagis stabiluroba, saSiSi geologiuri procesebis ganviTarebis riski
wyalmimRebTan ferdobsamagri saSualebebi kontroli;
saderivacio milsadenis teritoriaze, gansakuTrebiT, yelTan.
inspeqtireba. perioduli Semowmeba;
Semowmeba samuSaoebis dasrulebis Semdeg;
Semowmebeba Zlieri wvimebis an Tovlis Semdeg;
hes-is infrastruqturis usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa.
hes-is operatori kompania
niadagis xarisxi qvesadguris teritoria;
wyalmimRebis teritoria;
narCenebis ganTavsebis ubnebi.
vizualuri kontroli;
laboratoriuli analizi saWiroebisamebr. .
transformatoris zeTis gamocvlis / damatebis Semdeg;
laboratoriuli Semowmeba – zeTebis daRvris SemTxvevaSi.
niadagis xarisxis SenarCuneba;
zedapiruli wylis zedapiruli CamonadenebiT dabinZurebis Tavidan acileba;
gruntis wylis dabinZurebis Tavidan acileba.
hes-is operatori kompania
ekologiuri xarji kaSxlis qveda biefSi. gazomvebi.
periodulad. wylisa da mdinaris ekosistemebis usafrTxoebisa da jansaRi nakadis uzrunvelyofa.
hes-is operatori kompania
biologiuri garemo - iqtiofauna
kaSxlis zeda da qveda biefSi.
iqtiofaunis (kalmaxis) populaciis kvleva.
weliwadSi orjer - gazafxulsa da Semodgomaze.
iqtiofaunis arsebuli populaciis SenarCuneba.
hes-is operatori kompania
narCenebi wyalmimRebis teritoria;
Zalovani kvanZis/ qvesadguris teritoria;
narCenebis dasawyobebis ubnebi.
teritoriis vizualuri daTvaliereba;
narCenebis marTvis kontroli.
perioduli kontroli. niadagisa da wylis xarisxis SenarCuneba.
hes-is operatori kompania
Sromis usafrTxoeba samuSao ubnebi. inspeqtireba;
dacvis individualuri saSualebebis arsebobisa da gamarTulobis regularuli kontroli.
perioduli kontroli samuSaoebis warmoebis periodSi.
jandacvisa da usafrTxoebis normebTan Sesabamisobis uzrunvelyofa;
travmatizmis Tavidan acileba / minimumamde Semcireba.
hes-is operatori kompania
monitoringi (garda laboratoriuli analizebisa da xarjis gazomvebis aucileblobis SemTxvevebisa) damatebiTi xarjebis gawevas ar saWiroebs. saremonto/teqmomsaxureobis samuSaoebis dros ganxorcielebuli monitoringi analogiuria samSeneblo etapisTvis gansazRvruli monitoringisa. monitoringis sixSire da xangrZlivoba damokidebulia saremonto/teqmomsaxureobis samuSaoebis masStabsa da xangrZlivobaze.
196
11. narCeni zemoqmedeba
Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebis gatarebis, garemosdacviTi menejmentis da mSeneblobis/eqspluataciis procesSi saukeTeso praqtikis gamocdilebis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi narCeni zemoqmedeba dabali iqneba. cxrilSi 39 miniSneba “-“ aRniSnavs im faqts, rom narCeni zemoqmedeba mosalodneli ar aris an umniSvneloa, xolo niSani “ ” niSnavs, rom Semarbilebeli zomebis ganxorcielebis Semdeg mosalodnelia garkveuli saxis zemoqmedeba.
cxrili 39. narCeni zemoqmedeba
zemoqmedeba narCeni zemoqmedeba
- mSenebloba narCeni zemoqmedeba
- eqspluatacia
narCeni zemoqmedeba -funqcionirebis dasruleba / likvidacia
haeris xarisxis daqveiTeba
- - -
xmauri da vibracia - - - wylis xarisxi - - - hidrologiuri reJimis Secvla
- (saSualo xarisxis
riski mdinaris 6-km-ian monakveTze)
-
niadagis xarisxis daqveiTeba
- - -
niadagis stabilurobis darRveva
- - -
saSiSi geologiuri procesebis warmoqmna
- - -
zemoqmedeba floraze / mcenareul safarze
mcenareuli safaris
moxsna hesis komunikaciebis ganTavsebis
teritoriebidan (mTavari saderivacio
milsadeni da misadgomi gza)
- -
zemoqmedeba faunaze – frinvelebi
(xmauris gavrceleba,
xanmokle)
(eleqtromagnituri velis zemoqmedeba)
-
zemoqmedeba faunaze – iqtiofauna
- (umniSvnelo riski
wyalmimRebis konstruqciis gamo)
-
landSaftur-vizualuri cvlileba
(landSaftis
cvlileba wyalmimRebis,
misadgomi gzebisa da xidis mSeneblobis
gamo)
(landSaftis cvlileba wyalmimRebis, misadgomi
gzebisa da xidis arsebobis gamo)
-
197
12. SesaZlo avariuli situaciebi
savaraudo avariul situaciebad SeiZleba, miCneul iqnas Semdegi: avariuli situacia zemoqmedebis aRwera da reagireba mSeneblobis etapi niadagis stabilurobis darRveva
wyalmimRebis, saderivacio milsadenisa da misadgomi gzis mSeneblobasTan dakavSirebuli riskebi analogiuria samSeneblo samuSaoebisas mosalodneli riskebisa;
qanebis stabilurobis darRveva gvirabis gayvanis procesSi;
samuSaoebis dawyebamde mSenebel-kontraqtorma unda gaiTvaliswinos yvela SesaZlo avariuli situacia da unda SeimuSavos Sesabamisi samoqmedo gegma.;
saWiroa regularuli monitoringi da Sesabamisi reagireba (saWiroebisamebr);
personali unda iyos adekvaturad gawvrTnili. sawvavis/zeTis daRvra manqanebisa da teqnikis gaumarTaobis gamo SesaZlebelia niadagis/wylis dabinZureba
daRvrili navTobproduqtebiT. aRniSnulis Tavidan acilebis mizniT manqana-danadgarebis teqnikuri gamarTulobis perioduli kontroli, xolo daRvris SemTxvevaSi saWiroa saTanado reagireba (dabinZurebuli ubnebis gawmenda da remediacia);
teritoriis regularuli monitoringi, saTanado reagireba saWiroebisamebr;
saWiroa daRvraze reagirebis kompleqtebis uzrunvelyofa;
personali unda iyos gawvrTnili. xanZari xanZris profilaqtikis mizniT saWiroa saxanZro usafrTxoebis wesebiT
gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnebis dacva;
personali unda iyos adekvaturad gawvrTnili;
uzrunvelyofili unda iyos xanZarsawinaaRmdego aRWurviloba. travmatizmi travmebis riski SeiZleba, gaizardos Sromis usafrTxoebis wesebis darRvevis
SemTxvevaSi;
saWiroa personalis instruqtaJi (pirveladi samedicino daxmarebis aRmoCenisa da Sromis usafrTxoebis sakiTxebze);
personalis aRWurva dacvis individualuri saSualebebiT;
usafrTxoebis zomebis dacva/dacvaze kontroli;
personalis samedicino dazRveva. eqspluataciis etapi
198
xanZari xanZris profilaqtikis mizniT saWiroa saxanZro usafrTxoebis wesebiT gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnebis dacva, kerZod, saWiroa Senobebis aRWurva avtomaturi saxanZro signalizaciiT, Sida da gare xanZarsaqrobi sistemebiT, romlebic unda iyos gamarTul mdgomareobaSi, unda SemuSavdes evakuaciis gegma;
xanZarsawinaaRmdego aRWurvilobis uzrunvelyofa;
Sromis usafrTxoebis wesebis mkacri dacva;
personali unda iyos adekvaturad gawvrTnili. sawvavis/zeTis daRvra manqanebisa da teqnikis gaumarTaobis gamo SesaZlebelia niadagis/wylis dabinZureba
daRvrili navTobproduqtebiT. aRniSnulis Tavidan acilebis mizniT manqana-danadgarebis teqnikuri gamarTulobis perioduli kontroli, xolo daRvris SemTxvevaSi saWiroa saTanado reagireba (dabinZurebuli ubnebis gawmenda da remediacia);
transformatoris an turbinis zeTis qveda biefis wyalSi CaRvris SemTxvevaSi daRvris gavrcelebis minimizaciis mizniT saWiroa specialuri Semakavebeli teqnikuri saSualebebis gamoyeneba (mag., bonebi);
turbinis zeTis xarjvis yoveldRiuri aRricxva;
Sromis usafrTxoebis wesebis mkacri dacva;
regularuli monitoringi;
personalis instruqtaJi. turbinisa da transformatoris zeTis daRvra
daRvris prevenciis mizniT mniSvnelovania yvela zeTSemcveli mowyobilobis (mag., transformatorebis) teqnikuri gamarTulobis kontroli da saWiroebisamebr SekeTeba;
daRvris SemTxvevaSi dabinZurebuli gruntis moxsna da gauvnebelyofa;
qvesadguris teritoriaze zeTis avariuli daclis Semkrebi rezervuaris mowyoba;
zeTis didi raodenobiT daRvris SemTxvevaSi daRvris lokalizeba da awmenda;
Sromis usafrTxoebis normebis mkacrad dacva;
regularuli monitoringi;
personalis instruqtaJi. hidroteqnikuri nagebobebis avariuli dazianeba
teritoria SeiZleba, daitboros;
sadawneo milsadenis dazianebisas arsebobs niadagis stabilurobis darRvevis riski;
avariuli situaciis albaTobis Semcireba sistematuri monitoringisa da reagirebis Sesabamisi zomebis ganxorcielebiT;
199
Sromis usafrTxoebis normebis mkacrad dacva;
personalis instruqtaJi. travmatizmi travmebis riski SeiZleba, gaizardos Sromis usafrTxoebis wesebis darRvevis
SemTxvevaSi;
Sromis usafrTxoebis normebis mkacrad dacva ubeduri SemTxvevebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT;
personalis instruqtaJi;
momsaxure personalis samedicino dazRveva. avariul situaciebze reagirebis zomebi mocemuli iqneba Sesabamisi instruqciebiT. yvela avariuli situacia dafiqsirdeba, dadgindeba misi gamomwvevi mizezebi. Tu amis aucilebloba arsebobs, Catardeba Sesabamisi remediacia. hess unda gaaCndes evakuaciis gegma, mcire masStabis avariul situaciebze reagirebisTvis saWiro teqnikuri saSualebebi/inventari, personalis piradi dacvis da sakomunikacio saSualebebi (telefoni, faqsi) avariis SemTxvevaSi Setyobinebis da Sesabamisi damxmare/samaSvelo (saxanZro, saswrafo) samsaxuris gamoZaxebisTvis. obieqtebi aRWurvili iqneba pirveladi samedicino daxmarebisTvis saWiro saSualebebiT, saxanZro inventariT. periodulad Catardeba personalis instruqtaJi/treiningi operirebis da usafrTxoebis sakiTxebze.
200
13. informaciis gamJRavneba da sazogadoebis wevrebis
monawileoba bsgzS-s procesSi
SemuSavebda sazogadoebis/dainteresebul pirTa Sefasebis procesSi CarTvis programa, yvela potenciurad dainteresebuli mxaris monawileobis uzrunvelsayofad. ganisazRvra yoveli jgufis monawileobis procedura, misawodebuli informaciis moculoba da formati, grafiki, ukukavSiris meqanizmebi, amisTvis saWiro resursebi da personali.
etapi/safexuri CarTvis procedura/meTodi miwodebuli
informacia, formati
dagegmvis etapi
interviuebi saxelmwifo moxeleebTan; interviuebi da konsultaciebi garemosdacviT samsaxurebTan da eqspertebTan; Sexvedrebi - personalTan, garemosdacviT eqspertebTan.
presrelizebi da sazogadoebis informireba masmediis meSveobiT. teqnikuri dokumentacia. prezentacia, Tanamonawileobis procesi
bunebriv da socialur garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis etapi
interviuebi dainteresebul pirebTan kiTxvarebi saz. Sexvedra (mosaxleoba, arasamTavrobo organizaciebi, sxv,)
arateqnikuri dokumentacia proeqtis reziume Tanamonawileobis procesi
mSeneblobis da operirebis etapi
`Ria kari~-s principi saCivrebze reagirebis meqanizmi
ukukavSiri
201
14. gamoyenebuli literatura
1. saqarTvelos kanoni “garemos dacvis Sesaxeb”, saqarTvelos parlamentis garemos dacvis wesebi;
2. saqarTvelos kanoni `garemoze zemoqmedebis nebarTvis Sesaxeb”; 3. saqarTvelos kanoni saxelmwifo “ekologiuri eqspertizis Sesaxeb”; 4. saqarTvelos kanoni “atmosferuli haeris dacvis Sesaxeb”; 5. saqarTvelos kanoni “wylis Sesaxeb”; 6. saqarTvelos kanoni “licenziebisa da nebarTvebis Sesaxeb”; 7. saqarTvelos kanoni “eleqtroenergetikisa da bunebrivi gazis Sesaxeb” (1999
w.); 8. saqarTvelos kanoni “niadagis dacvis Sesaxeb”; 9. saqarTvelos kanoni “daculi teritoriebis Sesaxeb”; 10. sanitaruli wesebi da normebi “higienuri moTxovnebi samuSaoebis
Sesrulebisadmi samrewvelo sixSiris (50 hc) eleqtruli velis zemoqmedebis pirobebSi” (sanwdan 2.2.4. 008 - 02);
11. sanitaruli wesebi da normebi `higienuri moTxovnebi dasaxlebuli adgilebis atmosferuli haeris dacvisadmi~;
12. sanitaruli wesebi da normebi `xmauri samuSao adgilebze, sacxovrebeli, sazogadoebrivi Senobebis saTavsoebSi da sacxovrebeli ganaSenianebis teritoriaze~;
13. sanitaruli normebi `dasaxlebuli adgilebis atmosferuli haeris damabinZurebeli nivTierebebis zRvrulad dasaSvebi koncentraciebis Sesaxeb~;
14. sanitaruli normebi da wesebi ~zedapiruli da gruntis wylebis dabinZurebisagan dacvis Sesaxeb”;
15. klimatis cnobari – haeri, niadagi, temperatura. me-14 gamoSveba, hidrometgami; 16. klimatis cnobari – qari. me-14 gamoSveba, hidrometgami; 17. snw II-91-77. samrewvelo sawarmoTa nagebobebi;
18. snw II-7-81*. mSenebloba seismur raionebSi; 19. snw 2.01.02-85*. xanZarsawinaaRmdego normebi; 20. higienuri moTxovnebi myari sayofacxovrebo gadanayrebis
poligonebis mowyobisa da eqspluataciisadmi” (sanwdan 2.1.7. 005. _ 02);
21. `sawarmoo vibracia. vibracia sacxovrebeli da sazogadoebrivi Senobebis saTavsebSi” (s. n. 2.2 4/2 1.8. 000-01);
22. Рекомендации по составлению раздела „Охрана окружающей природной среды“ в
проектах (РП) электросетевых объектов напряжением 35 кв и выше (1990 г).
23. Методические указания по оценке влияния гидротехнических сооружений на
окружающую среду. РД 153-34.2-02.409-2003.
24. Методические указания по определению электромагнитного поля воздушных
высоковольтных линий электропередачи и гигиенические требования к их размещению
(1986 г). 25. Санитарные нормы и правила защиты населения от воздействия электрического поля,
создаваемого воздушными линиями электропередачи переменного тока промышленной
частоты (1984 г). 26. saqarTvelos geologia, nino mrevliSvili, Tbilisi 1997;
202
27. saqarTvelos fizikuri geografia, l. i. maruaSvili, Tbilisi 1964; 28. saqarTvelos geologiuri ruka, g. gujabiZe Tbilisi 2003;
29. Владимиров Л.А. и др.,,Водный баланс Грузии",Тбилиси, изд. Мецниереба, 1974 г.Т изд.
30. ,,Водные ресурсы Закавказья" .Под ред. Г.Г. Сванидзе и В.Ш. Цомая- Ленинград, изд.
“гидрометеоиздат". 1988 г.;
31. ,,Ресурсы поверхностных вод СССР, том 9, Закавказье и Дагестан, выпуск 1, западное
Закавказье". Гидрографическое описание рек, озер и водохранилищ. Под ред. Г.Н. Хмаладзе
и В.Ш. Цомая - Ленинград, изд. ,,гидрометеоиздат". 1972 г.;
32. ,,Ресурсы поверхностных вод СССР, том 9, Закавказье и Дагестан, выпуск 1, западное
Закавказье". Обобщенные материалы наблюдений на реках, озерах и водохранилищах. Под
ред. Г.Н. Хмаладзе - Ленинград, изд. ,,гидрометеоиздат". 1969 г.;
33. Хмаладзе Г.Н. ,,К вопросу о соотношении расходов влекомых и взвешенных наносов".
Труды IV всесоюзного гидрологического съезда, том 10. Русловые процессы, Ленинград,
изд. ,,гидрометеоиздат". 1976 г, стр. 164-171;
34. ,,Технические указания по расчету максимального стока рек в условиях Кавказа" – Тбилиси,
изд. ,, Закавказский региональный научно-исследоватеьский институт (Зак НИИ)" . 1980 г. 35. saqarTvelos klimati da klimaturi resursebi. amierkavkasiis kvleviTi
hidrometeologiuri institutis naSromebi. hidrometeorologiuri gamomcemloba, leningradi, 1971;
36. samSeneblo klimatologia (pn 01.05-08); 37. saqarTvelos meore erovnuli mimarTva UNFCCC-s; 38. University of Santa Clara Statistically Downscaled WCRP CMIP3 Climate Projections using the
Climate Wizard (http://www.climatewizard.org/ consulted in January 2012); 39. saxelmwifo garemosdacviTi angariSi, 2010. 40. sainformacio memorandumi (nawili 2 da 3), saqarTvelos energetikisa da
bunebrivi resursebis saministro, 2011; 41. “angariSi 1951-1952 wlebSi aWara-guriisa da imereTis geologiuri daZiebis
jgufis samuSaoebis Sesaxeb”, n.kandelaki da sxvebi (topografiuli rukis nomenklatura K-38-62-A-g);
42. sainJinro geologia, v. lomTaZe,1985;
43. saqarTvelos geologiuri ruka, masStabi 1:500 000, g. gujabiZe, saqarTvelos geologiis saxelmwifo departamenti da navTobis saxelmwifo kompania “saqnavTobi”, Tbilisi 2003;
44. Девдариани Г.С. 1986. Закавказская депрессия. В кн.: Г. Габриелян;
45. Мусеибов М.А., Назарян Х.Е., Габриелян Г.К., Джакели Х.Г. 1986. Физико-географическое
зонирование. В кн.: Г. Габриелян (ред.), Физическая География Закавказья. Ереван, изд-во
Ереванского гос. Ун-та.; 46. saqarTvelos niadagebis ruka; 47. sainformacio memorandumi (nawili 2 da 3), saqarTvelos energetikisa da
bunebrivi resursebis saministro, 2011; 48. saqarTvelos niadagebis atlasi bunebrivi resursebis nayofierebisa da
dacvis Sesafaseblad, “miwaTsargeblobis organizaciis” (Sps) miwis kadastrisa da registraciis proeqtis komponenti, Tanadamfinansebeli: KfW, 2006.
49. sainformacio memorandumi (nawili 2 da 3), saqarTvelos energetikisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministro, 2011;
50. saxelmwifo garemosdacviTi angariSi, 2010. 51. saqarTvelos municipalitetebis ruka, statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri,
2011. 52. sainformacio memorandumi (nawili 2 da 3), saqarTvelos energetikisa da
bunebrivi resursebis saministro, 2011;
203
53. saqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros kavkasiis garemosdacviTi angariSi, 2005;
54. “saqarTvelos wylis xarisxi da Camdinare wylebis gamwmendi sistemebi”, m. beciaSvili da m. ubilava, 2009.
55. “amierkavkasiisa da daRestnis zedapiruli wylebis resursebi”, t. 9. dasavleT kavkasiis I gamocema;
56. hidrometeorologiuri samsaxuris administracia, saqarTvelos ssr, 1969; 57. saqarTvelos wylis resursebi, gia xmalaZe, 2009; 58. saqarTvelos hidrogeologiuri daraioneba (buaCiZe, 1970); 59. sainformacio memorandumi (nawili 2 da 3), saqarTvelos energetikisa da
bunebrivi resursebis saministro, 2011; 60. saqarTvelos hidrologiuri ruka; 61. meTodologiuri miTiTeba “fonuri koncentraciebi qalaqebsa da
dasaxlebebSi, sadac ar arsebobs atmosferuli haeris xarisxis dakvirvebebis monacemebi.
62. informaciuli biuleteni "miwisqveSa hidrosferos, ekologiuri mdgomareobis, saSiSi geologiuri procesebis Seswavlis da pidroprognozirebis Sesaxeb", saqarTvelos geologiis saxelmwifo departamenti, 2000;
63. `saqarTvelos teqtonikuri daraioneba~, i. gamyreliZe, m. fruiZe, m. gamyreliZe, m. lomiZe (2009). saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademia;
64. ilias saxelmwifo universitetis seismuri monitoringis centris veb-gverdze ganTavsebuli seismuri monacemebi (www.
http://seismo.iliauni.edu.ge/eqs/eqs.php); 65. seismuri monacemebi pn-01.01-09 samSeneblo kodeqsis Sesaxeb (“seismomedegi
mSenebloba”), damtkicebuli saqaTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis ministris 2009 wlis 7 oqtombris #1-1/2284 brZanebiT;
66. servis-provaiderebisa da saqarTvelos sagzao departamentis veb-gverdebi (“energo-pro” da “sokar jorjia gazi”);
67. kavkasiis landSafturi ruka, beruCaSvili; 68. “saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxa”, saqarTvelos prezidentis 2006 wlis maisis
#303 brZaneba. 69. “saqarTvelos flora”, t. I-XIV, 1987-1996, n. kecxoveli, a. xaraZe, r. RaRaniZe; 70. “mcenareTa nomenklaturuli CamonaTvali”, r. RaRaniZe, 2005; 71. r. Jordania, b. boemi, a. kuznecovi, 1999; 72. “mcire zomis ZuZumwovrebis (mweriWamia, xelfrTianebi, kurdRlisnairni,
mRrRnelebi) sakadastro masalebi”, a. buxnikaSvili, gamomcemloba “universali”, Tbilisi, gv. 144;
73. “saSualo da didi zomis ZuZumwovrebi”, wigni: “saqarTvelos biomravalferovnebis programis masalebi”, z. gurieliZe, Tbilisi, gv. 74-82;
74. “saqarTvelos frinvelebis cnobari”, m. kutubiZe, Tsu gamomcemloba, Tbilisi, gv. 645.
75. “saqarTvelos cxovelTa samyaro”, t. III, xerxemlianebi, a. janaSvili, Tsu gamomcemloba, Tbilisi, gv. 460;
76. “kavkasiis ZuZumwovrebi. faunis warmoSobis istoria”, n. vereSCagini, ssrk mecnierebaTa akademiis gamomcemloba, moskovi-leningradi, gv. 703;
77. “cxovelTa samyaro”, f. gajievi. wigni: “kavkasiis fizikuri geografia”, g. gabrieliani, erevani, erevnis saxelmwifo universitetis gamomcemloba;
78. “saqarTvelos mtknari wylis samrewvelo Tevzebi”, m. demetraSvili, saqarTvelos ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis gamomcemloba, Tbilisi, 1963;
79. “saqarTvelos Tevzebi” (cnobarebi), v. SarvaSiZe, gamomcemloba “ganaTleba”,
204
Tbilisi, 1982; 80. “saqarTvelos mtknari wylis Tevzebi” (atlasi), r. elaniZe, m. demetraSvili,
o. burWulaZe, b. yuraSvili, 1970, gamomcemloba “mecniereba”, Tbilisi, gv. 114;
81. mtknari wylis Tevzebis adgilobrivi populaciebis struqtura, t. 1-2, ssrk mecnierebaTa akademia, riabinski, 1990;
82. “saqarTvelos cxovelTa samyaro”, t. 4. rbil ydaSi (mtknari wylisa da xmeleTis moluskebi), wyalsacavis datotvilulvaSebianebi da niCabfexiani kiborCxalisnairni; Tevzebi; gamomcemloba “mecniereba”, 1973;
83. saqarTvelos daculi teritoriebis saagentos veb-gverdi. 84. saqarTvelos daculi teritoriebis ruka - daculi teritoriebis
departamenti.
205
danarTi #1. narCenebis Senaxvis pirobebi da moZraobis sqema
# narCenis dasaxeleba
saS
iSroeb
is
klas
i
narCenebis marTva usafrTxoebis pirobebi Senaxvis da
transportirebis dros
narCenebis gadamuSavebis, Camarxvis an utilizaciis
pirobebi
1 2 3 4 5 6 1. sayofacxovrebo narCenebi
1.1. sayofacxovrebo saTavsebis da sakvebis narCenebi
4 Segroveba - ganTavseba - myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebis poligonze (msnp) gatana
narCenebis Segroveba da ganTavseba – calkeul samSeneblo ubnebze mowyobil specialur konteinerebSi.
sawarmoo erTeulebidan gatana da transportireba – municipaluri specavtotransportis meSveobiT, Sesabamisi xelSekrulebis safuZvelze.
dauSvebelia myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebisaTvis gankuTvnil konteinerebSi saSiSroebis 1, 2, da me-3 klasis narCenebis ganTavseba, maT Soris: luminescenturi naTurebi, zeTiT dabinZurebuli narCenebi, sxva masalebi, romelTa ganTavseba msnp-ze akrZalulia.
myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebis transportireba saboloo ganTavsebis adgilamde unda xdebodes specmanqanebis saSualebiT, raTa gamoiricxos narCenebiT garemos dabinZurebis SesaZlebloba.
gatana msnp-ze.
1.2. qaRaldis da muyaos naWrebi, polieTilenis parkebi
4 da/an 5
1.3.
damsxvreuli minis, rezinis da plastmasas narCenebi, namuSevari da wundebuli varvaris eleqtronaTurebi
4
1.4.
teritoriis naxveti, Camocvenili foTlebi
5
2. saSiSroebis me–3 da me–4 klasis sawarmoo narCenebi, romelTa gatana da ganTavseba myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebis poligonze daSvebulia
2.1.
damtvreuli Siferis narCenebi, azbestocementis namsxvrevebi
4
Segroveba - ganTavseba - msnp-ze gatana Semdegis Segroveba da ganTavseba:
damtvreuli Siferis narCenebi, azbestocementis namsxvrevebi - grovdeba polieTilenis parkebSi da iwyoba SemoRobil Ria moedanze.
paronitis, rezinis, polieTilenis milebis, minisebri qsovilebis, penoplastis narCenebi - SemoRobil Ria moedanze.
xe-tyis narCenebi da naxerxi - fardulSi an polieTileniT gadafarebul Ria moedanze.
dauSvebelia sawarmoo narCenebis ganTavseba myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebisaTvis gankuTvnil konteinerebSi.
saSiSroebis me-3 da me-4 klasis sawarmoo narCenebis gatana xorcieldeba mxolod msnp-is administraciis dokumentirebuli Tanxmobis da Sesabamisi `sakontrolo talonis~ arsebobis SemTxvevaSi.
sawarmoo narCenebis transportirebis dros daculi unda iyos usafrTxoebis yvela zoma, raTa gamoiricxos garemos
ganTavseba: sanitaruli normebis da msnp-is eqspluataciis wesebis mixedviT. pasuxismgebloba: kontraqtori organizacia
2.2. paronitis, plastmasasa da rezinis narCenebi
4
2.3. qaRaldis da xis taris narCenebi
4
2.4. xe–tyis narCenebi da naxerxi
4
2.5.
polieTilenis milebis, minisebri qsovilebis narCenebi, zumfara, abraziuli mtveri
206
narCenebiT dabinZureba. 3. sawarmoo narCenebi, romelTa gatana da ganTavseba myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebis poligonze dauSvebelia 3.1. vercxliswylis Semcveli nivTierebebis da masalebis narCenebi:
3.1.1. luminiscenturi naTurebi da maTi narCenebi
1
Segroveba – dagroveba – narCenebis sawyobSi gatana sawarmoo ubnebze Segroveba:
gamocvlili luminiscenturi naTurebi ganTavsdes mSral, dauzianebel SefuTvaSi, romelic gamoricxavs maT dazianebas transportirebis dros;
dazianebuli an damsxvreuli luminiscenturi naTurebi unda ganTavsdes polieTilenis parkebSi, Seikras da Semaxul iqnas muyaos yuTebSi. saTavsi unda iyos ganiavebadi.
samSeneblo ubnebze am saxis narCenebis dagroveba akrZalulia.
narCenebis sawyobSi gatana droebiTi ganTavsebisaTvis.
gadamwvari luminescenturi naTurebis gamocvlas, gamoyenebuli an damsxvreuli vercxliswylis Semcveli naTurebis Segrovebas axorcielebs Sesabamisi samsaxuris personali, romelsac gavlili aqvs saTanado swavleba da instruqtaJi. ikrZaleba:
naTurebis Ria cisqveS Senaxva;
Ria saTavsebSi ganTavseba;
SefuTvis (taris) gareSe Senaxva;
naTurebis erTmaneTze dawyoba;
gruntze ganTavseba;
im organizaciisaTvis gadacema, romelsac ar gaaCnia Sesabamisi narCenebis gadamuSavebis licenzia.
vercxliswylis Semcveli naTurebis narCenebis transportirebis dros daculi unda iyos usafrTxoebis yvela zoma, raTa gamoiricxos garemos narCenebiT dabinZureba.
eqvemdebareba gatanas sawyobSi droebiTi ganTavsebisaTvis.
gadaecema Semdgomi utilizaciisaTvis Sesabamisi licenziis mqone kontraqtors.
3.1.2. vercxliswyliani Termometrebi da maTi narCenebi
1
Segroveba – dagroveba – narCenebis sawyobSi gatana
sawarmoo ubnebze Segroveba – kargad Sekrul polieilenis parkebSi da Semdeg muyaos dauzianebel SefuTvaSi.
sawarmoo ubnebze am saxis narCenebis dagroveba akrZalulia.
sawyobSi gatana droebiTi ganTavsebisaTvis.
dauSvebelia:
vercxliswyliani Termometrebis ganTavseba myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebisaTvis gankuTvnil konteinerebSi.
Ria cis qveS an SefuTvis gareSe Senaxva.
bunebriv garemoSi gadayra. Termometris dazianebis da vercxliswylis daRvris SemTxvevaSi aucilebelia saTavsis
eqvemdebareba gatanas sawyobSi droebiTi ganTavsebisaTvis.
gadaecema Semdgomi utilizaciisaTvis Sesabamisi licenziis mqone kontraqtors.
207
demerkurizaciis RonisZiebebis ganxorcieleba.
3.2. ქიმიური ნივთიერებების ნარჩენები
3.2.1 Txevadi qimiuri nivTierebebis narCenebi.
2
Segroveba – dagroveba – gauvnebelyofa – sakanalizacio sistemaSi gantavseba
FIZ nivTierebebis dagroveba laboratoriaSi an FIZ nivTierebaze momuSave sawarmoSi. nivTiereba inaxeba minis, mWidrod Tavdacobil rezervuarSi, nivTierebis dasaxelebisa da pH maCveneblis miTiTebiT da Semdegi warweriT: ~toqsikuria – mJava/tute!”
Segroveba – mWidrod Tavmokrul polieTilenis parkebSi da Semdeg muyaos dauzianebel SefuTvaSi, Sesabamisi warweriT: dasaxeleba, raodenoba, TariRi.
dagroveba – saTavsSi, romelic aRWurvilia Sesabamisi saventilacio sistemiT, specialur saaRricxvo JurnalSi Sesabamisi Canaweris SetaniT.
ganTavseba sakanalizacio sistemaSi: gaunvebelyofili qimiuri xsnarebi Tavsdeba plastmasas konteinerebSi, saidanac (garkveuli raodenobis dagrovebis Semdeg) moxdeba maTi CaSceba samewvelo/saniaRvre sadrenaJo sistemaSi. amastan, saaRricxvo JurnalSi gakeTdeba specialuri Canaweri.
dauSvebelia:
mJavisa da turis xsnarebis Sereva gauvnebelyofamde.
ganTavseba sadrenaJo sistemaSi gauvnebelyofis gareSe;
bunebriv garemoSi gadayra.
qimiuri nivTierebebis gauvnebelyofas awarmoenbs Sesabamisad gawvrTnili personali.
ganTavsebamde izomeba pH maCvenebeli.
eqvemdebareba ganTavsebas sadrenaJo sistemaSi pH=6.5-7 pirobiT.
3.3. tyviaSemcveli narCenebi
3.3.1
gamoyenebuli tyviis akumulatorebis narCenebi (eleqtrolitisagan daclili)
2
Segroveba – dagroveba – sawyobSi gatana
Segroveba – avtoteqmomsaxurebis ubanze, kargad ganiavebad saTavsoSi.
sawyobSi gatana Sesabamisad gaformebuli dokumentaciis safuZvelze.
dauSvebelia:
akumulatorebis narCenebis ganTavseba myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebisaTvis gankuTvnil konteinerebSi.
eleqtrolitis CaSveba kanalizaciaSi.
akumulatorebze meqanikuri zemoqmedeba.
xangrZlivi dagroveba (1 kviraze meti) narCenebis
eqvemdebareba gatanas sawyobSi droebiTi ganTavsebisaTvis.
gadaecema Semdgomi utilizaciisaTvis Sesabamisi licenziis mqone organizacias.
208
warmoqmnis ubanze.
3.4. navTobiT umniSvnelod dabinZurebuli narCenebi (zeTebis Semcveloba 15%–ze naklebi) 3.4.1 gazeTili sawmendi
masala (ZonZi)
4
Segroveba – dagroveba – gatana sautilizaciod
dagroveba – narCenis warmoqmnis adgilze, Sesabamisi warweris mqone specialur konteinerebSi.
sautilizaciod (insineracia) gatana kontraqtor organizaciastan gaformebuli xelSekrulebis Tanaxmad.
dauSvebelia:
zeTiT dabinZurebuli narCenebis ganTavseba myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebisaTvis gankuTvnil konteinerebSi.
bunebriv garemoSi gadayra.
narCenebis transportirebis dros daculi unda iyos usafrTxoebis yvela zoma, raTa gamoiricxos garemos narCenebiT dabinZureba.
gadaecema Semdgomi utilizaciisaTvis Sesabamisi licenziis mqone organizacias.
3.4.2 namuSevari zeTis filtrebi
4
Segroveba – dagroveba – narCenebis sawyobSi gatana
dagroveba – narCenebis warmoqmnis adgilze, muyaos yuTebSi ganTavsebul polieTilenis parkebSi.
sawyobSi gatana Sesabamisad gaformebuli dokumentaciis safuZvelze.
dauSvebelia:
zeTiT dabinZurebuli narCenebis ganTavseba myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebisaTvis gankuTvnil konteinerebSi.
bunebriv garemoSi gadayra.
narCenebis transportirebis dros daculi unda iyos usafrTxoebis yvela zoma, raTa gamoiricxos garemos narCenebiT dabinZureba.
eqvemdebareba gatanas sawyobSi droebiTi ganTavsebisaTvis.
gadaecema Semdgomi utilizaciisaTvis Sesabamisi licenziis mqone organizacias.
3.5. zeTebisa da navTobproduqtebis narCenebi
3.5.1 namuSevari satransporto zeTebi, sapoxi masalebi.
3
Segroveba – dagroveba – narCenebis sawyobSi gatana
dagroveba – warmoqmnis adgilze, plastmasas an liTonis daxurul kanistrebSi.
narCenebis sawyobSi gatana Sesabamisad gaformebuli dokumentaciis safuZvelze.
dauSvebelia:
zeTis daRvra.
namuSevari zeTebis CaSveba sawarmoo–saniaRvre kanalizaciaSi, gadaRvra niadagze an wylis obieqtebSi.
eqvemdebareba gatanas sawyobSi droebiTi ganTavsebisaTvis. gadaecema Semdgomi utilizaciisaTvis Sesabamisi licenziis mqone organizacias.
3.5.2
namuSevari satransformatoro zeTebi, romlebic ar Seicaven mdgrad
3
Segroveba – dagroveba – narCenebis sawyobSi gatana
dagroveba – warmoqmnis adgilze, plastmasas an liTonis daxurul
dauSvebelia:
zeTis daRvra.
namuSevari zeTebis CaSveba sawarmoo–saniaRvre
eqvemdebareba gatanas sawyobSi droebiTi ganTavsebisaTvis.
209
organul damabinZureblebs, maT Soris PCB (dagrovili mxolod avariuli situaciebis/avariebis dros)
konteienerebSi.
narCenebis sawyobSi gatana Sesabamisad gaformebuli dokumentaciis safuZvelze.
kanalizaciaSi, gadaRvra niadagze an wylis obieqtebSi.
zeTis narCenebis transportireba sxva masalebTan an nivTierebebTan erTad.
gadaecema Semdgomi utilizaciisaTvis Sesabamisi licenziis mqone organizacias.
3.6. plastmasasa da rezinis narCenebi
3.6.1 naxmari saburavebi 4
Segroveba – dagroveba – narCenebis sawyobSi gatana
Segroveba – narCenis warmoqmnis adgilze.
dagroveba – ar aris rekomendebuli.
narCenebis sawyobSi gatana Sesabamisad gaformebuli dokumentaciis safuZvelze.
rezinis narCenebis dawva sastikad akrZalulia.
3.6.2 lazeruli printerebis naxmari kartrijebi
4
Segroveba – msnp–ze gatana
Segroveba – narCenis warmoqmnis adgilze, polieTilenis parkSi.
dagroveba – xangrZlivi Senaxvis sawyobSi.
gatana – licenzirebuli kontraqtoris mier.
gamoyenebuli kartrijebis ganTavseba myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebisaTvis gankuTvnil konteinerebSi akrZalulia.
narCenebis gatana xorcieldeba mxolod msnp-is administraciis dokumentirebuli Tanxmobis da Sesabamisi `sakontrolo talonis~ arsebobis SemTxvevaSi.
narCenebis transportirebis dros daculi unda iyos usafrTxoebis yvela zoma, raTa gamoiricxos garemos narCenebiT dabinZureba.
gadaecema Semdgomi utilizaciisaTvis Sesabamisi licenziis mqone organizacias.
3.7. samedicino narCenebi
3.7.1 gamoyenebuli bamba da Spricebi
«b» Segroveba – sautilizaciod gatana
ნარჩენის წარმოქმნის ადგილზე,
პოლიეთილენის პარკებში.
გატანა საუტილიზაციოდ (ინსინერაცია)
მოიჯარე ორგანიზაციასთან გაფორმებული
ხელშეკრულების თანახმად.
სამედიცინო ნარჩენების განთავსება
მყარი საყოფაცხოვრებო
ნარჩენებისათვის განკუთვნილ
კონტეინერებში ან ბუნებრივ
გარემოში გადაყრა აკრძალულია.
გადაეცემა შემდგომი
უტილიზაციისათვის
შესაბამისი
ლიცენზიის მქონე
ორგანიზაციას. 3.7.2
vadagasuli medikamentebi
«b»
3.8. saRebavebis da saRebavis liTonis kasrebis narCenebi
3.8.1. saRebavebis da saRebavis liTonis kasrebis/yuTebis narCenebi
2 da/an 3
Segroveba – dagroveba – narCenebis sawyobSi gatana
Segroveba – xis yuTebSi narCenis
dauSvebelia:
saRebavis da liTonis kasrebis narCenebis ganTavseba
eqvemdebareba gatanas sawyobSi droebiTi
210
warmoqmnis adgilze.
dagroveba – warmoqmnis adgilze, daxurul saTavsSi an myari safaris mqone fardulSi samuSaoebis damTavrebamde.
gatana – xangrZlivi Senaxvis sawyobSi Sesabamisad gaformebuli dokumentaciis safuZvelze.
myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebisaTvis gankuTvnil konteinerebSi.
bunebriv garemoSi gadaRvra an gadayra.
ganTavsebisaTvis.
gadaecema Semdgomi utilizaciisaTvis Sesabamisi licenziis mqone organizacias.
3.9. liTonis jarTi
3.9.1 Savi da feradi liTonis jarTi
5
Segroveba – dagroveba – narCenebis sawyobSi gatana
Segroveba – narCenebis warmoqmnis adgilze specialurad gamoyofil moedanze.
dagroveba – narCenebis warmoqmnis adgilze specialurad gamoyofil moedanze, moedans unda hqondes daqaneba sawarmoo–saniaRvre kanalizaciis mimRebi Wis mimarTulebiT.
gatana – narCenebis sawyobSi Sesabamisad gaformebuli dokumentaciis safuZvelze.
dauSvebelia:
liTonis narCenebis ganTavseba myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebisaTvis gankuTvnil konteinerebSi.
eqvemdebareba gatanas sawyobSi droebiTi ganTavsebisaTvis.
gadaecema Semdgomi utilizaciisaTvis Sesabamisi licenziis mqone organizacias.
3.9.2 SeduRebis eleqtrodebis narCenebi
5
Segroveba – dagroveba – narCenebis sawyobSi gatana
Segroveba – narCenebis warmoqmnis adgilze.
dagroveba – liTonis kasrebSi an xis yuTebSi narCenebis warmoqmnis adgilze, saremonto samuSaoebis damTavrebamde.
gatana – narCenebis sawyobSi Sesabamisad gaformebuli dokumentaciis safuZvelze.
dauSvebelia:
liTonis narCenebis ganTavseba myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebisaTvis gankuTvnil konteinerebSi.
eqvemdebareba gatanas sawyobSi droebiTi ganTavsebisaTvis.
gadaecema Semdgomi utilizaciisaTvis Sesabamisi licenziis mqone organizacias.
3.10. xe–tyis narCenebi
3.10.1 xis naWrebi 5
Segroveba – kerZo pirebis mier gatana
dagroveba – warmoqmnis adgilze, specialurad gamoyofil teritoriaze.
gatana – sawarmos an ijariT aRebuli avtotranspotiT winaswar SeTanxmebul adgilze.
dauSvebelia:
xis narCenebis ganTavseba myari sayofacxovrebo narCenebisaTvis gankuTvnil konteinerebSi.
transportirebis dros navTobproduqtebis daRvris sawinaaRmdego prevenciuli zomebis gatareba.
gadaecema kerZo pirebs xelSekrulebis an sawarmosTvis misaRebi pirobebiT
3.11. navTobproduqtebiT mniSvnelovnad dabinZurebuli narCenebi
211
3.11.1 dabinZurebuli niadagi da qviSa
3
Segroveba – dagroveba – dabinZurebuli gruntebis droebiTi Senaxvis sacavSi gatana
Segroveba – warmoqmnis adgilze liTonis rofSi.
dagroveba - warmoqmnis adgilze dagroveba rekomendebuli ar aris.
ganTavseba – navTobproduqtebiT dabinZurebuli gruntebis droebiT sacavSi, Sesabamisad gaformebuli dokumentaciis safuZvelze.
dauSvebelia:
niadagze an Ria moedanze ganTavseba.
sakanalizacio sistemaSi Carecxva.
niadagze an wylis obieqtSi gadayra.
transportirebis dros navTobproduqtebis daRvris sawinaaRmdego prevenciuli zomebis gatareba.
eqvemdebareba gatanas dabinZurebuli gruntebis droebiT sacavSi.
gadaecema Semdgomi utilizaciisaTvis Sesabamisi licenziis mqone organizacias.
3.11.2 dabinZurebuli naxerxi 3
Segroveba – dagroveba – dabinZurebuli gruntebis droebiTi Senaxvis sacavSi gatana
Segroveba – warmoqmnis adgilze liTonis rofSi.
dagroveba - warmoqmnis adgilze dagroveba rekomendebuli ar aris.
gatana da ganTavseba – dabinZurebuli gruntebis droebiT sacavSi Sesabamisad gaformebuli dokumentaciis safuZvelze.
dauSvebelia:
SeufuTavi saxiT niadagze an Ria moedanze ganTavseba.
niadagze an wylis obieqtSi gadayra.
transportirebis dros navTobproduqtebis daRvris sawinaaRmdego prevenciuli zomebis gatareba.
eqvemdebareba gatanas dabinZurebuli gruntebis droebiT sacavSi.
gadaecema Semdgomi utilizaciisaTvis Sesabamisi licenziis mqone organizacias.
212
danarTi #2. narCenebis Senaxvis pirobebi da moZraobis sqema
(mSenebel-kontraqtoris mier Sesasrulebeli, garda mSeneblobis etapisa) # moqmedeba garemosdacviTi da
socialuri riskebi pasuxismgebloba /
sargebeli
moTxovnis wyaro (EBRD PR #, EU, BAT
da sxv.)
resursebi / pasuximgeblobaTa sfero
dasrulebis TariRi / grafiki
mizani da Sefasebis kriteriumebi / warmatebis
indikatori
garemosdacviTi da socialuri menejmenti – zogadi moTxovnebi
G1 Sesabamisobis uzrunvelyofa standartebTan da sanebarTvo moTxovnebTan
proeqtis garemosdacviTi, socialuri da jandacvisa da usafrTxoebis menejmenti moqmedi erovnuli da saerTaSoriso dadgenilebebis Tanaxmad.
EBRD PR1 saqarTvelos kanonebi da dadgenilebebi; mowinave praqtika
GUE da kontraqtori, proeqtis etapis mixedviT (mSenebloba, operireba), garemosdacviTi (jug) menejeri
yvela faza dainteresebul pirebs pretenzia ar aqvT; saCivrebisa da winadadebebis Jurnali
G2 garemosdacviTi da socialuri menejementisa da monitoringis gegmis (gsmmg) SemuSaveba
muSaoba garemoze minimaluri zemoqmedebiT. garemosdacviTi, jandacvisa da usafrTxoebis kontroli. daxvewa.
EBRD PR1, RP3 IFC PS1
Sida resursebi, SesaZlebelia konsultantebis monawileoba
eqspluataciis dawyebamde garemosdacviTi da socialuri menejementis sistema garemosdacviTi, jandacvisa da usafrTxoebis menejmentis efeqturi sistema. mizani – ISO 9001; 14000 standartebisa da mowinave praqtikis moTxovnebis dakmayofileba.
G3 gsmmg-s ganxorcieleba; auditi da ganaxleba
garemosdacviTi da socialuri menejementis gaumjobeseba ergb moTxovnebis dakmayofileba.
EBRD PR1
IFC PS1 menejmentis dro, GUE yvela faza
SeTanxmebuli intervalebiT (mag., yovel 3 weliwadSi erTxel – eqspluataciis procesSi)
ganaxlebuli gsmmg mizani – proeqtis garemosdacviTi da socialuri riskebis Semcireba.
G4 kontraqtoris/ mimwodeblis menejmenti
kontraqtorebis informireba maTi pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb garemosdacviTi, socialuri da jandacvisa da usafrTxoebis sferoebSi, ESAP moTxovnebis CaTvliT. ergb da OSHA jandacvisa da usafrTxoebis procedurebTan Sesabamisobis perioduli Semowmebebi.
EBRD PR1, RP2
IFC PS2, PS4 GUE Sida resursebi garemosdacviTi (an jug) menejmentis dro
mSeneblobis etapze qvekontraqtorebis informireba Sesyidvis procedurebis Sesaxeb
jug da socialuri moTxovnebi unda ganisazRvros sakontraqto xelSekrulebebiT. mizani – standartebTan, OSHA 1910, IFC
EHS miTiTebebTan Sesabamisobis uzrunvelyofa. sazogadoebis wevrebis/ recipientebis minimalurad Sewuxeba. personalis / sazogadoebis usafrTxoeba. mcenareuli safaris / florisa da faunis minimalurad SeSfoTeba.
G5 wliuri angariSebis momzadeba da ergb-sadmi wardgena – ESAP da saerTo garemosdacviT standartebTan Sesabamisoba
sazogadoebasTan urTierTobebi aris gamWvirvale da kargad organizebuli.
EBRD PR1, RP3
IFC PS10
menejmentis dro, muSebis dro
wliurad (?) angariSebis aslebi.
213
garemosdacviTi menejmenti
E1 monitoringis grafikis SemuSaveba da monitoringis parametrebis ganaxleba (miT. gzS)
zemoqmedebaTa efeqturi monitoringi
EBRD PR1, IFC PS1
Sida resursebi grafiki SemuSavebulia eqspluataciis etapamde da ganaxldeba operirebis etapze.
garemos mdgomareobis efeqturi kontroli. uaryofiT cvlilebebze (aseTis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi) reagirebis SesaZlebloba. mizani – ISO 14001 dakmayofileba.
E2 xmauris monitoringi. Sesabamisi Semarbilebeli zomebis ganxorcieleba (miT. gzS)
gadamcemi xazis agebisas adamianebze zemoqmedebis riski – koSkebis ubnebi axlos aris sacxovrebel ubnebTan.
mowinave meTodebi
da IFC EHS
miTiTebebi
Sida resursebi mSeneblobis procesSi adamianebisa da faunis minimalurad Sewuxeba. sazogadoebis wevrebs pretenzia ar aqvT.
E3 emisiebis (mtvris) kontroli. Sesabamisi Semarbilebeli zomebis ganxorcieleba (miT. gzS)
mtvris emisiis minimizacia Ria cis qveS arsebuli wyaroebidan, transportis moZraobis gamo (optimaluri marSrutebisa da siCqaris SerCeva), masalebis transportirebis gamo.
mowinave meTodebi Sida resursebi mSeneblobis procesSi adamianebis minilurad Sewuxeba. sazogadoebis wevrebs pretenzia ar aqvT.
E4 Sesabamisi Semarbilebeli zomebis ganxorcieleba (miT. gzS)
adamianebsa da biofizikur garemoze zemoqmedebis riski
mowinave meTodebi Sida resursebi mSeneblobis procesSi sazogadoebis wevrebs pretenzia ar aqvT.
E5 Sesabamisi Semarbilebeli zomebis ganxorcieleba (miT. gzS)
monitoringi kontrolisa da garemoze zemoqmedebis prevenciis mizniT
EBRD PR3, IFC PS3
kontraqtoris laboratoria
eqspluataciis procesSi, kvartalurad
wylis xarisxis daqveiTebaze reagierbis SesaZlebloba. darRvevebisa da reagirebis zomebis aRricxva. garemos dacvis saministros mier damtkicebuli MPC dakmayofileba. mizani – mowinave meTodebiT muSaoba; ISO 14001 da erovnuli dadgenilebebis dacva.
E6 wylis xarjis monitoringi kaSxlis qveda biefSi (miT. gS)
wylis xarjis monitoringi
EBRD PR3, IFC PS6
Sida resursebi eqspluataciis procesSi, sezonurad
monitoringis monacemebi mizani - mowinave meTodebiT muSaoba; ISO 14001 dakmayofileba.
E7 mcenareuli safaris monitoringi gasxvisebis derefanSi (miT. gzS)
monitoringi eleqtrogadamcemi xazis usafrTxo da efeqturi muSaobis uzrunvelsayofad da avariebis Tavidan asacileblad.
EBRD PR6,
IFC PS6
Sida resursebi eqspluataciis procesSi Senoba-nagebobebis usafrTxoeba, adamianebis usafrTxoeba, avariuli situaciebis prevencia. mizani - ISO 14001 dakmayofileba; erovnuli dadgenilebebisa da IFC EHS miTiTebebis dacva
E8 saxifaTo masalebis (asafeTqebeli nivTierebebis) menejmenti
kontraqtoris movaleoba.
214
E9 frinvelebze monitoringi. Sesabamisi Semarbilebeli zomebis ganxorcieleba (miT. gzS)
Sejaxebisa da denis dartymis riski
EBRD PR6,
IFC PS6
Sida resursebi eqspluataciis procesSi minimaluri zemoqmedeba frinvelebze. darRvevebis SemTxvevaSi Semarbilebeli zomebis daweseba. mizani - mowinave meTodebiT muSaoba da ISO 14001 dakmayofileba
E10 gadamcemi xazis koSkebisa da kaSxlis saZirkvlebis mdgradobis monitoringi (miT. gzS)
monitoringi konstruqciebis mdgradobisa da usafrTxoebis uzrunvelsayofad.
mowinave meTodebi Sida resursebi eqspluataciis procesSi konstruqciebis usafrTxoeba, adamianebis usafrTxoeba, avariuli situaciebis prevencia.
E11 personalisTvis Sesaferisi treningis proceduris SemuSaveba da ganxorcieleba garemosdacviTi movaleobebisa da usafrTxoebisa sakiTxebze (miT. gzS)
personalis informirebuloba, garemoze zemoqmedebebis adekvaturi menejmenti. unar-Cvevebi – garemoze zemoqmedebis menejmentSi. unar-Cvevebi – usafrTxoebis sakiTxebSi.
EBRD PR1, PR2 menejmentisa da damswre muSebis dro + mwvrTnelebis anazRaureba
eqspluataciis procesSi, gansakuTrebiT – stiqiuri ubedurebebis Semdgom.
treningis amsaxveli dokumenti daswrebis JurnaliT. mizani - OSHA 1910 da IFC EHS dakmayofileba.
E12 avariul situaciebze reagirebis gegmis SemuSaveba (miT. gzS)
garemosa da personalis usafrTxoebis maqsimalurad dacva, avariul situaciebze drouli da efeqturi reagireba
EBRD PR2, PR3, R4 IFC PS2, PS4
Sida resursebi, SesaZlebelia konsultantebis CarTva
eqspluataciis dawyebamde avariul situaciebze reagirebis gegma. avariul situaciebze efeqturi reagireba. mizani – mowinave meTodebiT muSaoba da erovnuli kanonmdeblobis dacva.
E13 narCenebis menejmentis gegma (mSeneblobisa da eqsluataciis etapebze) (miT. gzS)
niadagisa da wylis xarisxis SenarCuneba. vizualuri receptorebi
EBRD PR3 Sida resursebi gaSvebamde narCenebis menejmentis gegma. mizani - erovnuli kanonmdeblobis dacva, IFC EHS
miTiTebebis dacva.
E14 teqmomsaxureobisa da monitoringis grafiki (miT. gzS)
EBRD PR4 Sida resursebi eqspluataciis dawyebamde teqmomsaxureobisa da monitoringis grafiki. mizani - mowinave meTodebiT muSaoba.
E15 vizualur-landSafturi zemoqmedebebi. Sesabamisi Semarbilebeli zomebis ganxorcieleba (miT. gzS)
vizualuri zemoqmedeba (gadamcemi xazi, hesi/qvesadguri)
mowinave meTodebi Sida resursebi eqspluataciis etapi minimaluri vizualuri zemoqmedeba.
jandacva da usafrTxoeba
S1 dainteresebuli pirebis monawileobis gegmis SemuSaveba, saCivrebis dakmayofilebis sistemis CaTvliT
dainteresebuli pirebis monawileobisa da konsultaciebis zogadi monaxazi. saCivrebis dakmayofilebis efeqturi meqanizmi da drouli
EBRD PR10, PR2 Sida resursebi 2011 wlis ianvari angariSis warmodgena saCivrebis dakmayofilebis meqanizmi SemuSavebulia. saCivrebis Jurnali
215
reagireba.
S2 proeqtis moculobisa da sazogadoebaze zemoqmedebebis Sesaxeb informirebuloba
adgilobrivi sazogadoeba informirebulia. movlenebis negatiuri aRqmis prevencia.
mowinave praqtika, EBRD PR10, ICF
samusao standarti 4
mediis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi – informaciis gavrcelebis xarji
proeqtis dawyis etapze broSurebi
S3 dainteresebul mxareebTan konsultaciebis dokumentireba da informirebulobis procedura.
dokumentirebis procesi gamWvirvalea da logikuria.
EBRD PR10 muSakis dro uwyvetad konsultaciebis amsaxveli werilobiTi dokumentacia
S4 dainteresebuli pirebis monawileobis gegmis Sesruleba (miT. gzS)
dainteresebuli pirebis monawileoba moTxovnebis Tanaxmad.
EBRD PR10 menejmentis dro, GUE uwyvetad uzrunvelyofilia dainteresebuli pirebis monawileoba moTxovnebis Tanaxmad. SEP-iT moTxovnili dokumentacia.
S5 treningis adekvaturi proceduris SemuSaveba personalisTvis – socialur sakiTxebze.
dainteresebuli mxareebis informirebulobisa da maTTan urTierTobis saTanado menejmenti
EBRD PR1 menejmentisa da damswre muSebis dro + mwvrTnelebis anazRaureba
uwyvetad, axali muSakis an qvekontraqtoris ubanze Semosvlamde.
treningis amsaxveli dokumenti daswrebis JurnaliT.
S6 miwis Sesyidvis/ sacxovreblis aRdgenis gegmis SemuSaveba
mosavlis dakargva, miwaTsargeblobis formis cvlileba.
EBRD PR5,
ICF samuSao standarti 5
Sida resursebi, SesaZlebelia konsultantebis CarTva
samSeneblo samuSaoebsi dawyebamde(gadamcemi xazis komponenti)
miwis Sesyidvis gegma. mosavliani miwis garantirebuli kompensacia mSeneblobis procesSi.
S7 adgilobrivi mosaxleobisTvis socialuri programebis SemuSaveba-ganxorcieleba.
proeqtis mimarT pozitiuri damokidebulebis Camoyalibeba.
mowinave praqtika Sida resursebi mudmivad, dro gansazRvruli ar aris.
sazogadoebis wevrebis sacxovrebeli pirobebis dakmayofileba.
S8 sazogadoebis wevrebis jandacva da usafrTxoeba – brifingi.
janmrTelobisa da usafrTxoebis riskebis minimizacia.
EBRD PR4 Sida resursebi broSurebis gavrceleba eqspluataciaSi Seyvanamde.
broSurebi. sazogadoebis wevrebs pretenziebi ar aqvT (ar fiqsirdeba dazianebisa da sxva arasasurveli SemTxvevebi)