წიგნიერება, მასწავლებლის...

irina samsonia, filologidaamTavra iv. javaxiSvilis saxelo-bis Tbilisis saxelmwifo univer-sitetis filologiis fakulteti, klasikuri enebis ganyofileba. 2008-2011 wlebSi muSaobda erovnu-li saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefaseb-

is centrSi qarTuli enisa da literaturis jgufis xelmZRvanelad. 2011-2012 wlebSi iyo saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros zogadi ga-naTlebisa da erovnuli saswavlo gegmebis ganviTare-bis departamentis saxelmwifo enebis jgufis xelmZ-Rvaneli. 2012 wlidan dRemde muSaobs gamocdebis erovnul centrSi qarTuli enisa da literaturis jgufis xelmZRvanelad. aqvs pedagogiuri gamocdile-ba. aswavlida qarTuli enasa da literaturas, aseve laTinur enas me-6 saavtoro skolaSi.

irina samsonia

wignierebamaswavleblis saxelmZRvanelo

irina samsonia

Tbilisi 2013

wigniereba

maswavleblis saxelmZRvanelo

ISBN 978-9941-0-5318-4

© samoqalaqo ganviTarebis instituti, 2013

proeqti ,,axali SesaZleblobebi saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone bavSvebs“ dafinansebulia evrokavSirisa da Ria sazogadoebis institu-tis mier da xorcieldeba samoqalaqo ganviTarebis institutis, asocia-cia zekarisa da marneulis axalgazrduli centris mier.

publikaciaSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi SeiZleba ar gamoxatavdes ev-rokavSirisa da Ria sazogadoebis institutis mosazrebebs.

Project “New Opportunities for Educationally Deprived Children” was made possible by the support of European Union and Open Society Institute. Project is implementing by the Civic development Institute, Association “Zekari” and Marneuli Youth Center.

The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of European

Union and Open Society Institute

avtori: irina samsoniarecenzenti: simon janaSiadizainer-damkabadonebeli: ekaterine wiqariSvili

sakonsultacio sabWoanTaZe iaboWoriSvili mananagorgoZe sofiomosiaSvili Tamar

wignis SeqmnaSi gansakuTebuli wvlili Seitanes samoqalaqo ganviTre-bis institutis TanamSromlebma, ganaTlebis eqspertebma, romlebmac SeimuSaves ganaTlebis meore Sansis qarTuli modeli.

ideis warmatebiT ganxorcielebis procesSi aqtiurad monawileobd-nen:

baqraZe maiaTofaZe qeTevankobalaZe qeTevankorZaZe ekaterinepapava paatasamsonia irinaWanturia Tamar

daibeWda gamomcemloba mwignobariTbilisi, 2013

sarCevi

Sesavali ....................................................................................................... 5

misaRwevi Sedegebis CarCo .................................................................. 7

mimarTuleba: wera ................................................................................11

sityvebis wakiTxva ................................................................................14

rogor vaswavloT moswavleebs sityvebis wakiTxva? ..........16

Tavisuflad kiTxva ..............................................................................17

rogor vaswavloT Tavisuflad kiTxva? ....................................18

leqsikis daufleba ..............................................................................22

rogor davexmaroT moswavleebs leqsikis dauflebaSi? .23

wakiTxulis gaazreba ...........................................................................29

rogor vaswavloT wakiTxulis gaazreba? ................................30

motivacia ..................................................................................................36

gamoyenebuli literatura .............................................................94

wigniereba. maswavleblis saxelmZRvanelo

5

Sesavali

saerTaSorisod aRiarebuli standartis mixedviT, kiTxvis adreul etapze gamoyofen xuT ZiriTad komponents, romlebic gadamwyvet rols asruleben kiTxvis procesSi:

• fonologiuri cnobiereba gulisxmobs sityvis akusti-kuri xatis Semadgeneli umciresi erTeulebis - bgerebis anu fonemebis -gacnobierebasa da maTi gamoyenebis unars. fonologiuri cnobierebis Tanamdevi unarebia, magali-Tad, sityvebis marcvlebad da bgerebad daSla, ageba Tu tramsformireba, marcvlebisa Tu mTliani sityvebis gariTmva da a.S.

• anabanuri principis gageba, anu moswavlea cnobierebs, rom TiToeul bgeras Seesabamebamisi grafikuli gamoxat-uleba - aso. asoebi ki qmnian konkretul sityvebs. sityvebis wakiTxvisas da warmoTqmisas mkiTxveli iyen-ebs swored anbanuri principis codnas, anu amoicnobs asoebs, romlebic konkretul bgerebs Seesabameba.

• Tavisuflad kiTxva gulisxmobs Zaldautanebeli, avtoma-turi kiTxvis unars, mTliani sityvebis amocnobas erTi SexedviT, dekodirebis gareSe. Tuki aseTmkiTxvels mo-vusmenT, advilad SevamCnevT, rom misi metyvelebis tempi da intonacia odnavac ar arisxelovnuri.

• leqsikis daufleba gulisxmobs sityvebis (leqsikuri erTeulebis) srulyofilad gagebisa da gamoyenebis un-arsrogorc zepirmetyvelebaSi, aseve kiTxvisa da weris dros.

• wakiTxulis gaazreba kiTxvis ZiriTadi mizania. igi Tavis TavSi moicavs rTul kognitur procesebs, romlebic ex-mareba mkiTxvels, azri gamoitanos wakiTxulidan, kiTxvis procesSive daafiqsiros misTvis gaugebari an rTulad gasagebi adgilebi da gamoiyenos saTanado strategiebi am xarvezebis aRmosafxvrelad.

Tumca kiTxvaSi problemebis mqone mozrdili mkiTxvelebi-sTvis prioritetebi cotaTi gansxvavebulia. fonologiuri cnobiereba da anbanuri principis gageba SedarebiT maRal

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klasebSi wignierebis unarebis swavlebaSi arsebiTi mniSvnelo-bis mqone komponentebad ar miiCneva, radgan mozrdil asakSi TiTqmis yvela, Tundac kiTxvaSi Zalian sust moswavleebs, iS-viaTi gamonaklisis garda, sityvebis wakiTxva mainc SeuZliaT. Tuki maT mainc sWirdebaT daxmareba am mimarTulebiT, um-jobesia amisTvis gamoviyenoTe.w. „sityvebis swavleba“, rac, anabanuri principis swavlebasTan SedarebiT ufro rTuli un-arebis gamomuSavebas gulisxmobs.

xuTi mTavari komponenti, romlebic safuZvlad udevs kiTx-vis unaris ganviTarebas,ase gamoiyureba swavlebis adreul da Semdgom etapebze:

me-3 klasis CaTvliT me-4 klasidan zemoT

fonologiuri cnobiereba sityvebis swavleba

anbanuri principis gageba Tavisuflad kiTxva

Tavisuflad kiTxva leqsikis daufleba

leqsikis daufleba wakiTxulis gaazreba

wakiTxulis gaazreba motivacia

rogorc vxedavT, am CamonaTvalSi aRar gvxvdeba fonolo-giuri cnobiereba da anbanuri principis gageba, magram mas daemata motivaciis komponenti. kiTxvaSi warmatebis misaRw-evad umniSvnelovanesi faqtoria motivacia. mozrdil mkiTxve-lebSi swored misi nakleboba an ararseboba aferxebs kiTxvis unaris ganviTarebis process.

kiTxvis unarebis ganviTarebis mizniT maswavlebeli unda daakvirdes TiToeul moswavles swavlebis yvela etapze da gamoavlinos,zemoT CamoTvlilidan romel komponentSi sWird-eba mas gansakuTrebuli daxmareba. swored amaze unda iyos da-mokidebuli, gakveTilze romel komponentebze gaamaxvilebs yuradRebas maswavlebeli. zogierT moswavles SesaZloa yvela am komponentSi sWirdebodes daxmareba, zogs ki mxolod moti-vaciis problema uSlides xels swavlaSi. arian moswavleebi, romlebic uSecdomod kiTxuloben, magram ver axerxeben wak-iTxulis gaazrebas, risi mizezic SeiZleba leqsikis gagebis unaris naklebobaa.


7

aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom dauSvebelia aseTi moswavleeb-is calke jgufad gamoyofa. sasurvelia, kiTxvaSi CamorCe-nili moswavleebi maqsimalurad iyvnen CarTulni jgufur aqtivobebSi, xolo gansakuTrebuli intervenciis saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, sasargeblo iqneba maTTan individualuri muSao-bac.

warmodgenil wignSi ganvixilavT kiTxvis aq CamoTvlil Ti-Toeul komponents, visaubrebT warmatebuli da CamorCenili mkiTxvelebis ZiriTad maxasiaTeblebze TiToeuli am komponen-tis mixedviT da SemogTavazebT Sesabamis meTodur rekomenda-ciebs.sityvebis Seuferxeblad wakiTxva da Tavisuflad kiTxva kiTxvis fundamenturi unarebia da, bunebrivia, isini Cveni ganxilvis sagani iqneba,magram SevecdebiT SedarebiT vrclad visaubroT warmatebuli kiTxvisTvis saWiro ufro rTul da kompleqsur saazrovno unarebze, anu bolo sam komponentze - leqsikis dauflebaze, wakiTxulis gaazrebasa da motivaciaze.

amasTanave, wera-kiTxvaSi SedarebiT CamorCenil moswav-leebTan samuSaod erovnuli saswavlo gegmis safuZvelze SevqmeniT misaRwevi Sedegebis CarCo, romelic iTvaliswinebs wignierebis fundamenturi, sabaziso unarebis ganviTarebas. vfiqrobT, es CarCo, CamoTvlil xuT komponentTan erTad, garkveul megzurobs gauwevs maswavlebels saswavlo proces-Si.

misaRwevi Sedegebis CarCo

mimarTuleba: kiTxvakiTxvis mimarTulebaSi gamovyaviT oTxi ZiriTadi

saswavlo mizani:1. kiTxvisteqnikis daxvewa;2. aramxatvruli (pragmatuli, sainformacio, SemecnebiTi)

teqstebis gageba-gaazreba; 3. mxatvruli teqstis gageba-gaazreba, Sefaseba;4. kiTxvis strategiebis daufleba.

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irina samsonia

1. kiTxvis teqnikis daxvewa

• sityvaTa CamonaTvalSi Tavisuflad moiZiebs maswavleblis mier waki-Txul nacnob da ucnob sityvebs;

• poulobs da xmamaRla, Tavisuflad kiTxulobs maswavleblis mier miTi-Tebul epizods nacnob teqstSi;

• wakiTxvamde gaiazrebs teqstis Sinaarss;

• xmamaRla gamarTulad da gamome-tyvelebiT kiTxulobs mcire zomis te-qstebs/SerCeul nawyvets nacnobi te-qstidan, icavs pauzas sasven niSnebTan;

• cdilobs daicvas Sesabamisi intonacia sxvadasxva modalobis winadadebis war-moTqmis dros.

2. aramxatvruli teqstebis gageba-gaazreba.

2.1 moswavles SeuZlia misTvis saintereso Tematikis Semcveli sxvadasxva saxis sain-formacio da aram-xatvruli teqstebis wakiTxva, gageba da gaazreba.

• teqstis maorganizebel elementebze dakvirvebiT amoicnobs da asaxelebs, ra tipis informaciaa mocemuli kon-kretuli saxis teqstSi;

• teqstis Sesabamis nawilSi eZebs da poulobs konkretul informacias;

• igebs teqstis zedapirze mocemul faq-tobriv informacias;

• amokrebs teqstidan konkretul infor-macias;

• ajgufebs informacias konkretuli ni-SniT;

• akavSirebs erTmaneTTan eqsplicitu-rad mocemul faqtebs, movlenebs, moqmedebebs da gamoaqvs saTanado da-skvnebi;

• gansazRvravs teqstis erT monakveTSi an mis sxvadasxva nawilSi asaxul movle-nebs / faqtebs Soris arsebul logikur kavSirebs;

• teqstSi mocemul informacias akavSi-rebs pirad gamocdilebasTan da gamo-aqvs daskvnebi;


9

• amoicnobs Temas;

• gamoyofs da asaxelebs teqstis mTavar sakiTxebs;

• teqstis mTliani gaazrebis safuZvelze gamoaqvs daskvna.

3. mxatvruli teqstis gageba-gaazreba, Sefaseba

3.1. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva saxisa da Janris TxrobiTi/lit-eraturuli teqstebis (zRapris, novelis, moTxrobis, igav-ara-kis, werilis, namdvili ambis...) damouki-deblad wakiTxva da gageba-gaazreba.

•teqstis konkretul monakveTSi moi-Ziebs miTiTebul sityvebs (mag., perso-naJTa saxelebs, cxovels, saTa-maSos da sxv.);

• amokrebs konkretul informacias (sad, rodis, ramdeni, ramdenjer, rogori, riTi da sxv.);

• asaxelebs moqmed pirebs;•gansazRvravs moqmedebaTa drosa da ad-

gils;• amoicnobs da asaxelebs dialogSi mona-

wileTa raodenobas;•gansazRvravs teqstSi gadmocemul

moqmedebaTa, movlenaTa qronolo-gias;• amoicnobs movlenebs, faqtebs, moqmede-

bebs Soris arsebul logi-kur da qro-nologiur kavSirebs;

• imaxsovrebs da sakuTari sityvebiT gad-mocems teqstis/misi calkeuli monakve-Tis Sinaarss, gamoyofs arsebiT infor-macias;

• amoicnobs personaJebis moqmedebebs, grZnobebs, emociebs;

• akvirdeba personaJTa qcevas, moqmede-bas, Tvisebebs da dakvirvebis safu-Zvelze gamoaqvs saTanado daskvna maTi azrebis, ganzraxvebis, gancdebis Se-saxeb;

• amoicnobs, ra tipis urTierToba aqvT personaJebs erTmaneTTan (naTesauri, mtruli, megobruli da sxv.);

• amoicnobs nawarmoebis ZiriTad Temas / ideas;

•jgufis wevrebTan erTad dgams nawar-moebSi asaxul scenebs.

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irina samsonia

3.2. moswavles SeuZlia literaturuli teqs-tis mimarT sakuTari damokidebulebis gam-oxatva; aqvs wakiTxuli mxatvruli teqstis interpretaciis sawyi-si unari.

• asaxelebs nawarmoebis gmirebis moqme-de-bis motivs da afasebs maTs saqciels;

• axasiaTebs personaJebs rogorc eqspli-citurad mocemul informaciaze dayrd-nobiT, ise Sinaarsis gaazrebis safuZvel-ze;

• asaxelebs sayvarel personaJs da xsnis sa-kuTar arCevans;

• msjelobs misTvis saintereso sakiTxebis Sesaxeb da gamoxatavs sakuTar pozicias;

• asociaciurad ukavSirebs erTmaneTs mx-atvrul ambavsa da realur movlenas.

• gamoxatavs wakiTxuli teqstiT aRZrul emociebs, gancdebs;

• wakiTxuli nawarmoebidan miRebuli STa-beWdilebiT qmnis ilustraciebs;

• msjelobs poetur nawarmoebSi gamoxa-tul ganwyobilebaze;

• asaxelebs misTvis esTetikuri Tval-sazrisiT mimzidvel adgilebs.

4. kiTxvis strategiebis daufleba

4.1. moswavle flobs kiTxvis zogierT strategias da SeuZlia maTi miznobrivad ga-moyeneba

• saTaurze an ilustraciebzedayrdnobiT ga-moTqvams varauds teqstis Sinaarsis Sesaxeb;

• sxvadasxva saSualebiT (konteqstis gaTva-liswinebiT, kiTxvis dasmiT) cdilobs uc-nobi sityvebisa da gamoTqmebis mniSvnelobis garkvevas;

• iyenebs wignis sarCevs, teqstis Semdeg moce-mul sityvaTa ganmartebebs;

• akvirdeba teqstis struqturasda iyenebs maT sayrdenebad konkretuli informaciis moZiebisas;

• kiTxvisas wamoWrili sirTuleebis dasaZle-vad mimarTavs sxvadasxva saSualebas: Tavidan gadaikiTxavs rTul an mniSvnelovan nawi-lebs, akeTebs Canawerebs, komentarebs uke-Tebs teqstis calkeul nawilebs;ubrundeba teqstis Sesabamis-/saTanado monakveTs sa-kiTxebis dasazusteblad, pasuxis gasacemad;

• teqstis ukeT gaazrebis mizniT svams kiTxvebs wakiTxulTan dakavSirebiT.


11

mimarTuleba: weraweris mimarTulebaSi gamovyaviT xuTi ZiriTadi saswavlo

mizani:1. weristeqnikis daxvewa;2. sxvadasxva saxiswerilobiTi teqstebis Seqmna; 3. TviTgamoxatva da SemoqmedebiToba;4. enobrivi gamarTuloba;5. weris strategiebis daufleba.

1. weris teqnikis daxvewa

1.1. moswavles SeuZlia winadadebebis gadawera da karnaxiT wera.

•nabeWdi furclidan/dafidan gadawers sityvebs, winadadebebs;

• aqvs mkafio da advilad aRsaqmeli xelwera;

• icavs manZils asoebs, sityvebs Soris;•saTanadod anawilebs teqstis stru-

qturul erTeulebs sawer sivrceSi;•karnaxiT wers sityvebsa da winadade-

bebs;•damoukideblad iyenebs ZiriTad sas-

ven niSnebs (wertils, mZimes, kiTxvis niSans).

2. sxvadasxva saxis werilobiTi teqstebis Seqmna

2.1. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva saxis mcire zomis teqstebis mod-elireba da Seqmna.

•werilobiT pasuxobs martiv kiTxvebs;•modelis mixedviT qmnis da aformebs

sxvadasxva saxis yofiT teqstebs;•wers martiv instruqciebs;•modelis mixedviT agebs da saTa-

nadod aformebs martiv dialogebs;•swers werils megobrebsa da warmo-

saxviT personaJebs; •sxvadasxva saganSi SeZenili codnis

safuZvelze qmnis mcire zomis Txzu-lebas (mag., „Semodgoma“, „Sinauri cxovelebi“ da sxv.);

•teqstis Sedgenis dros iyenebs axlad Seswavlil sityvebsa da frazebs.

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irina samsonia

3. TviTgamoxatva da SemoqmedebiToba

3.1. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva saxis teq-stebis damoukideblad Seqmna; aqvs mxatvruli warmosaxvis unari da avlens TviTgamoxatvis survils.

•qmnis sxvadasxva Janris mcire zomis teqstebs (zRapars, moTxrobas, le-qss);

•werilobiT gadmoscems wakiTxuli teqstis Sinaarss;

•gamoxatavs sakuTar damokidebulebas personaJis mimarT sxvadasxva for-miT (mag., mokle daxasiaTebis, gmiris saqcielze gakeTebuli komentaris saxiT da a.S.);

• avlens faqtisadmi (movlenisadmi) sa-kuTar damokidebulebas; axerxebs mis emociur Sefasebas;

•qmnis misTvis azrobrivad saintereso epizodis gagrZelebis / nawarmoebis gansxvavebuli dasasrulis sakuTar versias;

•sakuTari gancdis, STabeWdilebis gadmosacemad irCevs misTvis sasur-vel mxatvrul formas;

•mokled wers piradi gamocdilebis Sesaxeb, aRwers konkretul faqts / movlenas sakuTari cxovrebidan;

•Tanamimdevrulad gadmoscems faqteb-sa da movlenebs;

• axasiaTebs misTvis nacnob sagnebs da adamianebs.

4. enobrivigamarTuloba

4.1 moswavles SeuZlia gramatikuli wese-bis marTebulad gamoye-neba, marTlwerisa da punqtuaciis elemen-taruli wesebis dacva teqstis Seqmnisas.

•sworad damarcvlavs sityvebs da gadaaqvs striqonidan striqonze;

• iyenebs zmnas saTanado pirisa da ricxvis formiT;

•saTanadod iyenebs piris, CvenebiT da kiTxviT nacvalsaxelebs;

•sworad uxamebs zmnas saxels pirsa da ricxvSi, sworad aTanxmebs ricxviT da / an zedsarTav saxelsa da arsebiT saxels brunvasa da ricxvSi;

•sworad arCevs saxelis brunvis formebs zmnis sintaqsuri kon-struqciebis mixedviT;


13

•msgavsi mniSvnelobis leqsikuri er-Teulebidan SearCevs mocemuli kon-teqstisTvis Sesaferis/marTebul si-tyvas;

•marTebulad xmarobs sityvebs: Ti-Toeuli, yvela, zogi (zogierTi), ram-denime da sworad uTanxmebs ricxvSi zmnebs;

•sworad iyenebs kavSirebs (da, Tu, ma-gram, an);

•marTebulad iyenebs TxrobiT, brZane-biT da kiTxviT winadadebebs da wina-dadebebis bolos svams saTanado sa-sven niSnebs.

•saTanadod iyenebs sasven niSnebs (wertils, mZimes, brWyalebs, kiTxvisa da Zaxilis niSnebs).

5. weris strategiebis daufleba

5.1. moswavle flobs weris zogierT strategias da SeuZlia maTi miznobrivad gamo-yeneba.

•Tavs uyris informacias da Camowers sakiTxebs, romelTa Setanac unda teqstSi;

•Seadgens weriTi davalebis mokle geg-mas;

•ubrundeba nawers koreqtirebisTvis, asworebs martivi tipis Secdomebs (Caamatebs, amoSlis an gadasvams te-qstSi asos, sityvas, frazas/winadade-bas);

• azrobrivi srulyofis mizniT, dama-tebiT svams teqstSi saWiro sityvebsa da gamonaTqvamebs;

•gadaikiTxavs nawers da Caasworebs mas punqtuaciis TvalsazrisiT;

•Sedgenil teqsts adarebs models da, saWiroebisamebr, Seaqvs Sesworebebi.

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sityvebis wakiTxva

Cveulebriv, moswavleebi, romlebic Zalian cudad kiTxu-loben, uWirT ara mxolod anabanuri principis gageba, ara-med - SedarebiT ufro rTuli operaciebis Catareba, magal-iTad: mravalmarcvliani da/an ucnobi sityvebis dekodireba (gaSifvra), nacnobi sityvebis amocnoba erTi SexedviT, aseve sityvebis martivi analizi (mag., nacnobi fuZis gamoyofa sit-yvidan).

sityvebis wakiTxva - es aris procesi, romelic gulisxmobs mkiTxvelis mxridan sityvebis fonologiurad gadamuSavebas, anu sityvis grafikuli xatis akustikur xatad gardaqmnas, aseve TiToeuli wasakiTxi sityvis SigniT aso-bgeriTi mima-rTebebis codnas. radganac sityvebis wakiTxvaSi gawafva sa-grZnoblad exmareba moswavles, swrafad da gacnobierebulad amoikiTxos yoveli sityva, es unari, bunebrivia, mniSvnelovnad exmareba mas wakiTxulis gaazrebaSic. magaliTad, Tuki moswav-les SeuZlia struqturul nawilebad daSalos sityva, es imas niSnavs, rom mas aqvs sityvis analizis unari, esmis misi Se-madgeneli nawilebis daniSnuleba da, savaraudod, - am sity-vis mniSvnelobac. es ki moswavles Zalian exmareba wakiTxuli teqstis gaazrebaSi. Tuki moswavles uWirs sityvis wakiTxva da misi dekodireba, nebismier asakSi aucilebelia Careva da mizanmimarTuli muSaoba am xarvezis aRmosafxvrelad. cxadia, saswavlo masala, romelic sityvebis wakiTxvaSi savarjiSod SeiZleba gamoviyenoT, SesaZlebelia sxvadasxva sirTulis iyos da gankuTvnili iyos sxvadasxva asakobrivi jgufisTvis. miuxe-davad amisa, swavlebis mizani ucvleliadawyebiT, sabazo da saSualo safexuris moswavleebisTvis.

sityvebis wakiTxvaSi damatebiTi varjiSis Sedegad moswav-lem Tavisuflad da Seuferxeblad unda SeZlos sityvis de-kodireba, daeuflos sityvis amocnobisa da gaanalizebis strategiebs, SeZlos iseTi sityvebis amokiTxvac, romlebic gansxvavdeba da ar Seesabameba misTvis nacnob semantikurTu


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orTografiul xatebs1. sityvis dekodirebis strategiebis srulyofilad floba Tavisuflad kiTxvis winapirobas war-moadgens.

kargma mkiTxvelma icis, rom yoveli aso Seesabameba konk-retul bgeras (kerZod, qarTul enaSi) da am bgerebis erTo-blioba sxvadasxva kombinaciiT qmnis im sityvebs, romlebsac vkiTxulobT. mas SeuZlia kiTxvis dros am codnis gamoyeneba da misi saSualebiT ucnobi an rTuli sityvebis Tavisuflad dekodirebac. kargi mkiTxveli kiTxvis procesSi mimarTavs sx-vadasxva strategias sityvis struqturuli analizisTvis. sit-yvis struqturuli analizi niSnavs mis daSlas ufro mcire, garkveuli Sinaarsisa da daniSnulebis mqone nawilebad, rac exmareba moswavles, ufro advilad moaxerxos sityvisdekodi-reba da misi mniSvnelobis gageba. qvemoT mocemuli cxrili warmoaCens warmatebuli da CamorCenili mkiTxvelebis zogi-erT maxasiaTebels sityvebis wakiTxvaSi.

kargi mkiTxveli CamorCenili mkiTxveli

•kiTxulobs mravalmarcvlian sityvebs da iyenebs strate-giebs ucnobi sityvebis amosac-nobad

•swrafad da Seuferxeblad am-yarebs kavSirs asoebsa da Sesa-bamis bgerebs Soris

•kiTxvis dros ucnob sityvebs Slis marcvlebad

• iyenebs strategiebs, raTa rTuli an grZeli sityvebi daSalos Sinaarsobriv nawile-bad (mag., Camoacilos sityvis mawarmoebeli afiqsebi1, gamoy-os fuZe, daSalos Sedgenili sityvebi da a.S.)

•SeuZlia erT- an ormarcv-liani, aseve Ria marcvlebi-sagan Sedgenili sityvebis SeuferxebladwakiTxva, magram uWirs grZeli, mravalmarcv-liani sityvebis dekodireba

•zogjer uWirs asobgeriTi mimarTebebis damyareba

•zogjer uWirs sityvebis daSla marcvlebad

•umetesad ar iyenebs sity-vis gasaanalizeblad saWiro strategiebs.

1 sityvis semantikuri ხati - sityviT gadmocemuli azri, misi mniSvneloba; sityvis orTografiuli ხati - sityvis grafikuli gamoხatuleba. sityvis orTografiuli ხatis cnoba gulisხmobs mTliani sityvis amocnobas damarcvla-danawevrebis gareSe, e.w. pirdapiri gziT. Tuki moswavles meხsierebaSi aqvs konkretuli sityvis orTografiul ხati, anu sityvis Semadgeneli asoebis mowesrigebuli Tanamimdevroba, igi danaხvisTanave akavSirebs am ხats sityvis mniSvnelobasTan.

16

irina samsonia

rogor vaswavloT moswavleebs sityvebis wakiTxva?

sityvebis wakiTxvis swavleba mWidrod aris dakavSirebuli marTlwerisa da sityvebis struqturuli analizis swavle-basTan. moswavleebTan, romlebsac uWirT sityvebis swrafad da Seuferxeblad wakiTxva (dekodireba da gageba), sasurvelia, maswavlebelma intensiurad imuSaos Semdegi mimarTulebebiT:•aswavlos maT, rogor daSalon sityva marcvlebad (moswav-

leebi unda mieCvion sxvadasxva tipis marcvlebis amocnobas, mag., sityvaSi „deda“ maT unda gamoyon ori Ria marcvali - deda -da, sityvaSi „fesvi“ ki- erTi daxuruli da erT Ria marcvali:fes- da -vida a.S.);

•avarjiSos isini grZeli, mravalmarcvliani sityvebis wak-iTxvaSi (amisTvis maswavlebels SeuZlia SerCeul sityve-bi jer daaSlevinos moswavleebs marcvlebad, Semdeg gadaanacvlebinos an CamoaSorebinos sityvidan es marcvle-bi da sxvadasxva kombinaciiT waakiTxos TiToeuli sityva);

•xSirad waakiTxos moswavleebs gansxvavebuli, uCveulo bgeriTi Sedgenilobis sityvebi (aseTebia, magaliTad, zogi-erTi ucxo enidan Semosuli sityva, an cnebis Tu terminis aRmniSvneli sityvebi);

•aswavlos maT sityvis daSla cnobad nawilebad, sityvaSi fuZis gamoyofis, misi ZiriTadi mawarmoeblebis da maTi funqciis amocnobis xerxebi (magaliTad, moswavlem unda Se-Zlos sami segmentis gamoyofa sityvaSi „gadanergili“: gada-nerg-il(i). maT am sityvidan unda SeZlon fuZis gamoyofa - „nergi“, romelsac win erTvis prefiqsi „gada-“ (romelic dakavSirebulia raRacis gadatanasTan), boloSi ki - sufiq-si „-ili(i) (rac mianiSnebs warsulSi momxdar faqtze);

•aswavlos da avarjiSos moswavleebi sityvebis Semadgenel nawilebad daSlasa da am nawilebis gamoyenebT axali (ma-gram, bunebrivia, arsebuli) sityvebis SedgenaSi;

•aswavlos maT, rodis da rogor gamoiyenon sityvis struq-turuli analizis codna maTTvis ucnobi da/an rTuli sityvebis wasakiTxad (gasaSifrad);kiTxvis swavlebis procesSi marTlac sasargebloa sityveb-

is swavlebaze orientirebuli aqtivobebis dagagemva, rasacmas-wavlebelma saTanado dro unda dauTmos gakveTilebze, Tumca aseTi aqtivobebis xangrZlivoba, sasurvelia, ar aRematebodes 10-15 wuTs, xolo axali, anu moswavlisTvis ucnobi sityvebis raodenoba 5-10 sityviT unda Semoifarglebodes. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, sityvebis swavleba mxolod xangrZliv da mosawyen saqmianobad iqceva.


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Tavisuflad kiTxva

kargi mkiTxvelis erT-erTi umTavresi maxasiaTebeli-Tavisuflad kiTxvaa. es imas niSnavs, rom mkiTxveli avtoma-turad Sifravs da kiTxulobs sityvebs, ajgufebs an gana-calkevebs maT ise, rom gauadvildes mTliani winadadebisa Tu teqstis gageba. Tavisuflad kiTxva Zalian mniSvnelovani un-aria. mkiTxveli, romelic flobs am unars, SeuZlia sityvebi-waikiTxos avtomaturad, erTi SexedviT (da ara dekodirebis, igive gaSifvris gziT)2 da, amdenad, aqvs saSualeba, meti dro da Zalisxmeva dauTmos imis gagebas, rasac kiTxulobs. imisaT-vis, rom moswavlem TandaTanobiT gazardos iseTi sityvebis raodenoba, romelTa wakiTxvac mas erTi SexedviT, anu deko-direbis gareSe SeuZlia, da Sesabamisad, SeZlos Tavisuflad kiTxva, man unda ikiTxos rac SeiZleba xSirad da rac SeiZleba bevri. swored aq iCens Tavs problema, romelic CamorCenil mkiTxvelebs aqvT - isini cotas da iSviaTad kiTxuloben.

bunebrivia, Tavisuflad kiTxva avtomaturad ar gulisx-mobs imas, rom mkiTxvels gaiazrebs wakiTxuls, magram am un-aris gamomuSaveba warmatebul mkiTxvelad Camoyalibebis au-cilebeli winapirobas warmoadgens.

kiTxvaSi CamorCenili mozrdili moswavleebis didi nawils ar SeuZlia Tavisuflad kiTxva, miuxedavad imisa, rom bevri maTgani SeiZleba uSecdomod kiTxulobdes calkeul sityvebs. teqstis avtomaturad da sworad wakiTxvis unari xels uw-yobs wakiTxulis gagebas da, amdenad, kiTxvis sxva aseve mniS-vnelovani unarebis gamomuSavebasTan erTad aucilebelia, rom maswavlebelma intensiurad avarjiSos kiTxvaSi is moswav-leebi, romlebic nela da SeferxebebiT kiTxuloben. maT unda mieceT saSualeba, xmamaRla ikiTxon rac SeiZleba bevri da miiRon ukugeba maTze ufro gawafuli mkiTxvelisagan, iqneba es Tanaklaseli Tu maswavlebeli.

sxvadasxva qveyanaSi Catarebuli kvlevebis Sedegebis Tanax-mad, Tavisuflad kiTxvaSi varjiSi gansakuTrebiT sasargebloa

2 gaSifvra anu dekodireba _ grafikuli xatis akustikur xatad konvertireba, anu asoebis amocnoba da maTi dakavSireba Sesabamis bgerebTan; bgerebis sityvad gamTlianeba, akustikuri xatis sityvis mniSvnelobasTan dakavSireba.

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irina samsonia

im mozrdili moswavleebisTvis, romlebic mesame an ufro da-bali klasebis moswavleTa doneze floben kiTxvis teqnikas. gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom kiTxvaSi CamorCenil moswavleebs xSirad swored Tavisuflad kiTxvis problema aqvT. sworad da avtomaturad kiTxvis unari pirdapir kavSirSia swavlasTan, kerZod wakiTxulis gaazrebasTan, rac gansakuTrebiT mniS-vnelovania mozrdili moswavleebisTvis, romlebsac sxvadasx-va saganSi saswavlo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli Sedegebis misaR-wevad uwevT uamravi teqstis wakiTxva da daswavla.

mocemul cxrili gviCvenebs, ra gansxvavebaa warmatebul da CamorCenil mkiTxvelebs Soris Tavisuflad kiTxvaSi:


•teqstis sirTulisa da tipis gaTvaliswinebiTkiTxulobs daaxl. 100-150 sityvas wuTSi (sabazo-saSualo safexurze)

• avtomaturad da sworad axerx-ebs sityvebis dekodirebas

•kiTxvisas gaazrebulad ajgufebs sityvebs Sinaarso-brivad

•kiTxulobs gamometyvelebiT•kiTxvisas erTdroulad asru-

lebs ramdenime amocanas (mag., Sifravs, ajgufebs sityvebs, igebs Sinaarss, SeuZlia garkveuli interpretaciebis gakeTebac)

•kiTxulobs nela da didi Zal-isxmeviT

•uWirs an nela axerxebs sityveb-is sworad dekodirebas

• ar icavs pauzebs kiTxvisas, ar iTvaliswinebs sasven niSnebs, ar ajgufebs sityvebs Sinaar-sobrivad

•mis kiTxvaSi ar igrZnoba in-tonacia da eqspresiuloba

• aklia kiTxvis sxvadasxva un-ari, rac masxels uSlis, wai-kiTxos Tavisuflad da gaiaz-ros wakiTxuli teqsti.

rogor vaswavloT Tavisuflad kiTxva?Tavisuflad kiTxvis unaris dasaufleblad arsebobs ori

saxis intervencia: ganmeorebiTi xmamaRali kiTxva (erTi da im-ave teqstis ramdenjerme wakiTxva da mosmena) da mravalfer-ovani, urTierTgansxvavebuli teqstebis erTjeradad wakiTx-va (moswavleebi intensiuradkiTxuloben sxvadasxvasaxis rac SeiZleba bevrteqsts). kiTxvis specialistebis nawili fiqrobs, rom ganmeorebiTi kiTxvis meTodis gamoyenebiT moswavleebi


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namdvilad srulyofen Tavisuflad kiTxvis unars, magram is-mis kiTxva: iseTiev waramatebiT SeZleben Tu ara moswavleebi sxva, maTTvis ucnobi teqstebis wakiTxvasac? swored amitom, bevri specialisti miiCnevs, rom ganmeorebiTi kiTxva SeiZleba naklebad Sedegiani iyos CamorCenili mozrdili mkiTxvelebi-sTvis, vidre bevri da mravalferovani teqstebis erTjeradi kiTxva imave itensivobiT. arsebobs mosazreba, rom erTjeradi kiTxvis meTodis sistematuri gamoyeneba sagrZnoblad uwyobs xels ucnobi da urTierTgansxvavebuli teqstebis kiTxvaSi gawafvas, kerZod: swrafad kiTxvis, sityvebis amocnobisa da wakiTxulis gaazrebis unarebis ganviTarebas. Tumca, isicunda iTqvas, rom kvleva, romelic am ori meTodis - ganmeorebiTi da erTjeradi kiTxvis meTodebis - SedarebiTi analizis Se-degebs mogvcemda, jer ar Catarebula. Cveni rekomendaciaa, maswavleblebma orive saxis intervencia gamoiyenon da daak-virdnen moswavleTa kiTxvis unarebis ganviTarebas.

rekomendaciebi:• erTi da imave teqstis ganmeorebiTi kiTxva moswavles

saSualebas aZlevs, gazardos im sityvebis raodenoba, romelTa wakiTxvasac is avtomaturad, erTi SexedviT, anu dekodirebis gareSe SeZlebs; aseTi sityvebis raode-nobis zrdasTan erTad ki izrdeba kiTxvis siswrafec, anu moswavle sul ufro da ufro Tavisuflad kiTxulobs teqsts. swored amitom iTvleba, rom kiTxvaSi CamorCe-nili moswavleebisTvis SesaZlebelia sasargeblo iyos erTi da imave teqstis ganmeorebiTi kiTxva, Tuki moswav-le amasTanave axerxebs ukugebis miRebas masze ufro gawafuli mkiTxvelisagan.

• efeqturi meTodia mravalferovani, gansxvavebuli sax-is teqstebis erTjeradad wakiTxva.teqstebi ar unda iyos gadatvirTuli moswavlisaTvis rTuli da ucnobi sityvebiT. am gziT moswavleebiecnobian sxvadasxva tipis teqstebis ZiriTad (struquturul Tu enobriv) maxasi-aTeblebs, sagrZnoblad imdidreben leqsikur marags da Sinaarsobrivimravalferovnebis wyalobiTiReben bevr

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irina samsonia

saintereso informaciasac.ganmeorebiTi kiTxvis meTodis gamoyeneba ormagad sasargeb-

lo iqneba moswavleebisTvis, Tuki maswavlebeli paralelurad ukve Seswavlili leqsikis ganmtkicebazec izrunebs. imisaTvis, rom moswavlem daimaxsovros naswavli sityvebis mniSvneloba, saWiroa am leqsikasTan maqsimalurad xSiri Sexeba sxvadasxva konteqstSi. amitom, sasurvelia, Tumaswavlebeli am kriteri-umsac gaiTvaliswinebs sakiTxavi masalis SerCevisas.

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, erTjeradi kiTxva saSuale-bas aZlevs moswavleebs, gaecnon sxvadasxva tipis teqstebis struqturas, daeuflon axal leqsikas da Tu dargobriv te-qstebsac3 gamoviyenebT, es xels Seuwyobs maTi codnisgaR-rmavebasac sxvadasxva saskolo saganSi.

im moswavleebTan samuSaod, romlebsac SedarebiT mZime problemebi aqvT Tavisuflad kiTxvaSi, maswavleblebs vTava-zobT damatebiT rekomendaciebs:

• maswavlebelma periodulad xmamaRla unda waukiTxos te-qsti Tavis moswavleebs.

• am gziT maswavlebeli moswavleebs uCvenebs Tavisuflad kiTxvis nimuSs. amasTanave, man dro da dro unda auxs-nas kidec moswavleebs sxvadasxva tipis teqtebis Tavisu-flad kiTxvis martivi xerxebi, magaliTad, urCios, rom SedarebiT monotonuri, dinji intonacia Seefereba maTematikuri teqstis kiTxvas, xolo mxatvruli teqs-tis kiTxvisas metyveleba da intonacia ufro dinamiuri da gamomxatvelobiTi unda iyos. am midgomis gamoyeneba gansakuTrebiT sasargebloa axali sakiTxavi masalis Se-Tavazebisas, sanam moswavleebs daevalebaT misi damouk-ideblad wakiTxva. maswavlebels SeuZlia mxolod teqs-tis dasawyisi waukiTxos moswavleebs, aCvenos magaliTi da amis Semdeg sTxovos maT kiTxvis gagrZeleba.

• xmamaRla wakiTxvisas maswavlebelma yuradReba unda gaamaxvilos da pirdapir auxsnas moswavleebs, rogor

3 dargobrivi teqstebi - sxvadasxva dargis (disciplinis) Sesaswavlad gankuTvnili aramxatvruli teqstebi, romelTa wakiTxvac skolis moswav-leebs, ZiriTadad, uwevT saswavlo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli sagnebis (mag., istoriis, geografiis, fizikis, biologiis, maTematikis da a.S.) Sesaswavlad.


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aisaxeba zepirmetyvelebaSi werilobiT teqstSi gamoyen-ebuli sasveni niSnebi, kerZod, rodis da ramxela pauza unda daicvan kiTxvisas, sad unda aamaRlon xma da sad - ara, rogor gamoTqvan kiTxvisa da Zaxilis winadadebebi. moswavleebma unda gaacnobieron, rom intonaciisa, me-tyvelebis ritmisa da maxvilis Tundac mcire gadanacv-lebasac ki SeuZlia mTlianad Secvalos winadadebis da, Sesabamisad, mTeli epizodis Sinaarsi.

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irina samsonia

leqsikis daufleba

kiTxvis specialistebi aRiareben, rom sityvebis mniSvnelo-bis codna pirdapir aris dakavSirebuli wakiTxulis gaazre-bis unarTan da, zogadad, moswavlis akademiur warmatebasTan. Tuki moswavles aqvs unari gaigos im sityvebis mniSvneloba, romlebsac igi teqstis kiTxvisas awydeba, SeuZlia gamoiyenos sxvadasxva strategia misTvis ucnobi sityvebis mniSvnelobis amosacnobad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom igi gaazrebulad kiTxu-lobs da, savaraudod,safuZvlianad igebs wakiTxuli teqstis Sinaarss.

Tumca cneba „leqsikis daufleba“ gacilebiT farTo Si-naarss itevs, vidre mxolod sityvebis mniSvnelobis gagebaa. igi gulisxmobs sityvebis mniSvnelobis, maTi semantikis gac-nobierebis, gaTavisebis unarsac, rac enobrivi alRos gamo-muSavebas ganapirobebs. moswavle srulyofilad flobs leqsi-kas, Tu igi grZnobs niuansobrv gansxvavebebs semantikurad axlos mdgom sityvebs Soris da SeuZlia teqstis miznis, misi stiluri maxasiaTeblebis gaTvaliswinebiT gaakeTos enobrivi arCevani. bunebrivia, aseTi enobrivi alRo didad exmareba mas wakiTxulis srulfasovnad gaazrebaSic.

cxadia, warmatebuli mkiTxveli gacilebiT did leqsikur marags flobs, vidre - CamorCenili. es ki ganpirobebulia erTi martivi mizeziT: warmatebuli mkiTxveli bevrs kiTxulobs da, Sesabamisad, meti axali leqsikuri erTeulis SeTvisebas axerx-ebs, xolo CamorCenili mkiTxveli, piriqiT, cotas an TiTqmis ar kiTxulobs, Sesabamisad, igi ver eufleba kiTxvisTvis saWi-ro strategiebs, rac pirdapir ganapirobebs misi leqsikuri maragis siRaribes. CamorCenil mkiTxvelebs xSirad arc eno-brivi alRo gaaCniaT, rac aseve xels uSlis maT mkiTxvelad Camoyalibebas.

gTavazobT cxrils, romelSic warmodgenilia leqsikis dauflebaSi warmatebuli da CamorCenili mkiTxvelis ZiriTa-di maxasiaTeblebi:


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• adreuli asakidanve mdidrde-boda misi leqsikuri maragi rogorc zepiri metyvelebis, ise werilobiTi teqstebis wak-iTxvis gziT saxlsa Tu sko-laSi.

• aqvs enobrivi alRo.• asakis Sesabamisi teqstebis

kiTxvisas igebs sityvebis ume-tesi nawilis (sul mcire 90%-is) mniSvnelobas, aseve iyenebs konteqstur Tu enobriv cod-nas ucnobi sityvebis mniS-vnelobis amosacnobad.

• iyenebs winare codnas da xvde-ba, Tu ra mniSvnelobiT Sei-Zleba iyos gamoyenebuli esa Tu is sityva konkretul kon-teqstSi.

• adreuli asakidanve ar hqonda sakmarisi SesaZlebloba, gaem-didrebina sakuTari leqskuri maragi.

• ar uyvars kiTxva da cdilobs ar dakavdes am saqmianobiT.

•naklebad aqvs ganviTarebuli enobrivi alRo.

•cudad esmis, rasac kiTxulobs da, Sesabamisad, ver axerx-ebs wakiTxulis safuZvlianad gagebisTvis saWiro ucnobi sityvebis identificirebas te-qstSi.

• ar flobs sakmaris winare codnas, rac mas mniSvnelovnad daexmareboda axali sityvebis mniSvnelobis gagebaSi.

rogor davexmaroT moswavleebs leqsikis dauflebaSi?leqsikis swavleba SeiZleba daiyos sam ZiriTad mimarTule-

bad: 1) calkeuli sityvebis swavleba pirdapiri gziT;2) sityvis gagebis strategiebis swavleba, rac moswavles Sem-

dgomSi damoukideblad muSaobis saSualebas miscems;3) akademiuri leqsikis swavleba, rac gulisxmobs rogorc

calkeuli sityvebis, ise sityvebis gagebis strategiebis swavlebas specifikuri dargobrivi teqstebis wasakiTxad.nebismieri moswavlisTvis samive mimarTulebaze muS-

aoba Tanabrad mniSvnelovania leqsikis dauflebis pro-cesSi.

calkeuli sityvebis swavleba gulisxmobs pirdapiri, eqs-plicituri anu pirdapiri swavlebis meTodis gamoyenebas. pirdapir swavlebasTan erTad aucilebelia codnis ganmamt-kicebeli, praqtikuli savarjiSoebis gamoyenebac da Sesabami-si saklaso, individualuri da jgufuri aqtivobebis dageg-

24

irina samsonia

mvac. sasurvelia, rom moswavleebs mieceT saSualeba, axlad Seswavlili sityvas gaecnon sxvadasxva, SesaZloa, urTierT-gansxvavebul konteqstSi. amasTanave, umniSvnelovanesia, rom moswavlem SeZlos TiToeuli sityvis gaanalizeba gramatiku-lad (mag.,sityvis fuZis gamocalkeveba, sufiqsebis gamoyofa).

magaliTad aviRoT sityva „ganaSenianeba“, romlis zusti mniSvneloba SesaZloa bevrma moswavlem ar icodes. ra meTode-bi SeuZlia gamoiyenos maswavlebelma am sityvis saswavleblad? upirvelesad man pirdapir unda SesTavazos moswavleebs

sityvis ganmarteba;Semdeg waakiTxos moswavleebs sxva teqsti, an nawyveti

(sasurvelia, ori mainc), romelSic gvxvdeba sityva „ga-naSenianeba“;

mas SeuZlia warmarTos diskusia am sityvis garSemo, aseve Temaze, romelic sityva „ganaSenianebas“ ukavSirdeba;

mas SeuZlia SesTavazos moswavleebs swori da mcdari situaciuri magaliTebi, rac daexmarebamaT kargad daak-virdnen da gamokveTon am sityvis mniSvneloba da misi semantikuri datvirTva;

dagegmos aqtivoba moswavleebTan erTad: sityvidanga-moyofen fuZes - „Sen“ da Seadgenen semantikur rukas, Camoweren rac SeiZleba met sityvas, romlebic am fuZis-gan warmodgeba (mag., Seneba, Senoba, gaSeneba...).

mravalmniSvnelobiani sityvebis (anu iseTi sityvebisa, romelTac sxvadasxva konteqstSi sxvadasxva mniSvneloba aqvT) swavlebisas mniSvnelovania, rom moswavleebma SeZlon aseTi sityvebis safuZvlianad gacnobiereba. amisaTvis sasurvelia moswavleebisTvis aseTi sityvis gamoyenebis bevri magaliTis (winadadebebis, nawyvetebis, mTliani teqstebis da a.S.) SeTa-vazeba, romlebSic es sityva sxvadasxva mniSvnelobiTaa nax-mari da SesaZlebelia metyvelebis sxvadasxva nawilsac war-moadgens. magaliTad, sityva „angariSi“ sxvadasxva konteqstSi sxvadasxva mniSvnelobiT gamoiyeneba. amasTanave, igi SeiZleba iyos arsebiTi saxelic da zmnis sawyisis formac, rac aseve damokidebulia imaze, Tu ra mniSvneloba aqvs mas mocemul konteqstSi.


25

imisTvis, rom sityvebis swavlebis procesi saxaliso iyos, sasurvelia, rom moswavleebi ara mxolod pasiuri msmenel-ebis rolSi iyvnen, aramed Tavad gaxdnen saswavlo procesis aqtiuri monawileni. amis misaRwevad maswavlebels SeuZlia dagegmos Sesabamisi saklaso aqtivobebi. magaliTad:moswavleebi damoukideblad, sakuTari sityvebiT Camo-

ayalibeben axlad naswavli sityvebis ganmartebebs;moswavleebi qmnian axali sityvis swor da mcdar (niuan-

sobrivi sxvaobiT) ganmartebebs. amis Semdegac imarTe-ba jgufuri aqtivoba, romlis Sedegadac gamovlindeba, ramdenad zustad da safuZvlianad gaiazres moswavleeb-ma sityvis mniSvneloba;

moswavleebi igoneben da Txzaven ambavs, romelic Tema-turad ukavSirdeba axlad Seswavlil sityvas;

xataven suraTebs, romlebic Tematurad ukavSirdeba ax-lad Seswavlil sityvas;

Semajamebeli aqtivobis saxiT (roca moswavleebs ukve naswavli aqvT garkveuli raodenoba axali sityvebisa) SesaZlebelia daigegmos gunduri TamaSebi. magaliTad, moswavleebi irCeven sityvebs da Txzaven gamocanebs, iyeneben mimikebsa da Jestikulacias amosacnobs sityvaze misaniSneblad da a.S.

sityvis gagebis strategiebis swavlebiT moswavleebi kiTx-visas ucnobi sityvebis mniSvnelobis amocnobis unar-Cvevebs iZenen. am dros isini eyrdnobian konkretuli sityvebis mniS-vnelobisa da garkveul gramatikul (magaliTad, sityvis mor-fologiuri agebulebis) codnas, da, ra Tqma unda, konteqsts. amdenad, maswavlebelma swored am ori ZiriTadi mimarTule-biT unda avarjiSos moswavleebi. amisaTvis, sasurvelia, rom maswavlebelma moswavleebs wasakiTxad SeTavazos rac SeiZleba mravalferovani teqstebi rogorc Sinaarsobrivi, ise struq-turuli TvalsazrisiT. rac ufro mets da mravalferovan te-qstebs waikiTxaven mowavleebi, miT ufro meti SesaZlebloba eZleva maswavlebels, amuSaos isini sityvis gagebis strate-giebis dauflebaze da, Sesabamisad, leqsikuri fondis gamdi-drebaze. am miznis misaRwevad maswavlebels SeuZlia gamoiy-

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enos sxvadasxva meTodi. aseTebia, magaliTad:jgufuri aqtivobebi, sadac moswavleebi zepirad ganix-

ilaven teqstSi amokiTxul ucnob sityvebs da erTobli-vad Seecdebiani misi mniSvnelobis amocnobas;

sityvis mniSvnelobis amocnobis Semdeg sasurvelia wax-alisdes misi gamoyeneba sasaubro enaSic. am mizniT mas-wavlebels SeuZlia SesTavazos moswavleebs sasaubro Tema (Temebi). zepirdialogebSi (saubrebSi) moswavleebi aqtiurad gamoiyeneben axlad gagebul sityvas rogorc ukve nacnob, ise axal, gansxvavebul konteqstebSi.

sayrdeni sityvis meTodis gamoyeneba gulisxmobs fone-tikuri da vizualuri msgavsebis danaxvas sityvebs Soris da maT erTmaneTTan dakavSirebas, rac xSirad exmareba moswavles, gaigos da daimaxsovros Sesaswavli sity-vis mniSvneloba. magaliTad, sayrdeni sityva „gafantva“ SegviZlia davakavSiroT Sesaswavl sityvasTan „safanti“. maT Soris aSkaraa fonetikuri da vizualuri msgavseba, radgan isini erTi fuZisagan warmodgebian, safanti ki aris fizikuri sxeuli romelic gasrolisas haerSi ifan-teba.

maswavlebels pirdapir SeuZlia aCvenos moswavleebs magaliTebi, Tu rogor xdeba sityvidan fuZis, winsarT-bolosarTisa da sxvadasxva mawarmoeblebis gamoyofa.

akademiuri leqsikis swavlebaSi, ZiriTadad, igulisxmeba im specifikuri, dargobrivi sityvebis (terminebisa da cnebebis) swavleba, romlebsac saswavlo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebul sa-gnebis saxelmZRvaneloebSi xvdebaT moswavleebs, magaliTad, sazogadoebriv da sabunebismetyvelo sagnebSi, maTemati-kaSi da sxv. akademiuri leqsikis swavleba moicavs rogorc calkeuli sityvebis pirdapiri swavlebis, ise sityvis gagebis strategiebis swavlebis meTodebis gamoyenebas.

mecnierebi dResac davoben imis Sesaxeb, niSnavs Tu ara sit-yvis mniSvnelobis gageba amave sityviT gadmocemuli cnebis gaazrebas. bunebrivia, verc Cven daviwyebT imis mtkicebas, rom leqsikis gageba niSnavs am leqsikiT gadmocemuli cnebis kon-ceptualuri wvdomas, magram cxadia, rom ZiriTadi leqsikuri


27

erTeulebis mniSvnelobis codna umniSvnelovanesia imisaTvis, rom moswavlem gaigos da gaiazros ucnobi an rTuli cnebebi, romlebTan Sexebac maT aucileblad mouwevT sxvadasxva sa-gnis Seswvlisas. SegviZlia davasaxeloT ramdenime efeqturi midgoma am miznis misaRwevad:akademiuri leqsikis saswavleblad maswavlebelma unda

gamoiyenos dargobrivi teqstebi, romlebSic gvxvdeba am konkretuli teqstis gasagebad arsebiTi specialuri ter-minologia. magaliTad, sityva„regeneracia“ naklebad gvx-vdeba yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi da, Sesabamisad, mis codnas CvenTvis ar unda hqondes gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba, magram zogierTi cocxali organizmis gansakuTrebuli unaris - sxeulisa (cxovelebis SemTxvevaSi) da vegetati-uri nawilebis (mcenareebis SemTxvevaSi) aRdgenis unaris Sesaxeb teqstis Sesaswavlad am sityvis codnas gadamwy-veti mniSvneloba eniWeba.ra Tqma unda, biologs gacile-biT farTod da amomwuravad esmis am cnebis mniSvneloba, vidre skolis moswavles. zogadad, dargobrivi leqsikis Rrmad da safuZvlianad gasagebad, ra Tqma unda, sasur-velia, rom moswavleebs mieceT saSualeba, erTi da igive sityva (termini) ramdenejerme da sxvadasxva konteqstSi waikiTxon.

sasurvelia, rom maswavlebelma winaswar Seafasos, ician Tu ara moswavleebma dargobrivi teqstis wasakiTxad saWi-ro sityvebis mniSvneloba da gansazRvros, raSi sWirdebaT maT daxmareba. amisaTvis man unda daadginos: a) SeuZliaT Tu ara moswavleebs konkretuli sityvis ganmarteba; b) SeuZliaT Tu ara maT am sityvis gamoyeneba winadadebaSi; g) SeuZliaT Tu ara am sityvis sinonimis an/da antonimis dasaxeleba.

maswavlebels SeuZlia aseve gamoiyenos leqsikis pirdapiri swavlebis meTodi da kiTxvis dawyebamde mokled ganumar-tos maT teqstis gasagebad aucilebeli sityvebi, moiyvanos Sesabamisi magaliTebi, Seqmnas semantikuri ruka, romel-Sic mocemuli iqneba Sesaswavl sityvasTan Sinaarsobrivad dakavSirebuli sityvebi. iTvleba, rom ZiriTadi sityvebis

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irina samsonia

pirdapiri (eqsplicituri) swavleba xels uwyobs moswav-leTa leqsikuri maragis gamdidrebas da, Sesabamisad, wak-iTxulis gaazrebas. am meTodis gamoyeneba gamorCeulad efeqturia gansakuTrebuli SesaZleblobebis mqone moswav-leebTan.aqve damatebiT SevTavazebT maswavleblebs ramdenime zog-

ad rekomendacias leqsikis swavlebasTan dakavSirebiT:• leqsikis dauflebaze muSaobas regularuli xasiaTi unda

hqondes, radagan es procesi uwyvetia da erovnul sas-wavlo gegmis mixedviT dawyebiTi klasebidan meTormete klasis CaTvliT grZeldeba. kargi iqneba, Tu gakveTile-bze leqsikur savarjiSoebs xSirad daeTmoba 10-15 wuTi mainc.

• ar aris sasurveli, rom moswavleebs erTdroulad bevri axali sityvis damaxsovreba mosTxovos maswavlebelma. es iseTivekontrproduqtiuli iqneba, rogorc SemTxveviTi, konteqsts mowyvetili sityvebis swavleba. amitom,kviris ganmavlobaSi 5-10 axal leqsikur erTeulze muSaoba, maTi gameoreba ramdenjerme da sxvadasxva konteqstSi gacilebiT Sedegis momtani iqneba, vidre erTdroulad 20 sityvaze varjiSi. maTi umetesi nawili moswavleebs erT-or TveSi aRarc ki emaxsovrebaT.

• moswavleebi ufro gaacnobiereben da advilad daimaxs-ovreben sityvis mniSvnelobas, Tu gaecnobian mis sinon-imebs, antonimebs, msgavsi an dakavSirebuli mniSvnelobis sxva sityvebs. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, aucileblad unda mieqces yuradReba mravalmniSvnelobian sityvebs, romlebsac moswavleebi sxvadasxva konteqstSi unda gaecnon (mag., ra mniSvnelobiT ixmareba sityva „reaqcia“ qimiaSi da ra mniSvnelobiT gamoiyeneba igive sityva yo-veldRiur metyvelebaSi). amgvari aqtivobebi moswavlis enobrivi alRos ganviTarebas uwyobs xels.


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wakiTxulis gaazreba

rogorc cnobilia, adamianebi sxvadasxva mizniT kiTxulo-ben. kiTxvis mizani SeiZleba iyo raimes Seswavla dargobrivi, sainformacio an mxatvruli teqstebidan, siamovnebis miReba mxatvruli literaturis, an Tundac Jurnal-gazeTebis meSve-obiT, aseve informaciis miReba, magaliTad beWduri presidan, saenciklopedio statiebidan, instruqciebidan da a.S.

raimes dasaswavlad Tu informaciis misaRebad aucilebe-lia, rom mkiTxvelma hqondes unari, gaazrebulad waikiTxos teqsti da daimaxsovros misTvis saWiro informacia.rac ufro maRal klasSi gadadis moswavle, miT ufro metad sWirdeba mas am unarebis gamomuSaveba. kargi mkiTxveli kiTxvis procesSi mudmivad cdilobs daukavSiros da miaxmaros wakiTxuls saku-Tari codna da gamocdileba, rac aseve mniSvnelovnad uwyobs xels wakiTxulis srulfasovnad gaazrebas.

warmatebuli mkiTxveli dakvirvebiT adevnebs Tvalyurs sa-kuTar Tavs kiTxvis dros, anu kiTxvis procesSive amowmebs, ramdenad kargad gaigo wakiTxuli. TviTmonitoringi da sa-kuTari TavisTvis kiTxvebis dasma SesaZleblobas aZlevs mas, myisierad daafiqsiros yvela is adgili teqstSi, romelic cu-dad an saerTod ver gaigo da swrafadve mimarTos Sesabamis strategiebs xarvezis gamosasworeblad.kargi mkiTxveli am dros, Cveulebriv, Cerdeba, ubrundeba da Tavidan kiTxulobs misTvis rTulad gasageb adgils teqstSi.

kiTxvaSi CamorCenil moswavleTa umetesobas ki swored im-itom uWirs wakiTxulis gaazreba, rom ar iyenebs am Zalian martiv strategias. aseTi mkiTxvelebi kiTxvis procesSi ar akvirdebian da ar amowmeben sakuTar Tavs, gaiges Tu ara wak-iTxuli teqsti, ver afiqsireben, ra gaiges da ra - vera. es albaT imitom xdeba, rom isini ar floben xarvezebis identi-ficirebisa da maTi gamosworebis unarebs.

gTavazobT cxrils, romelSic warmodgenilia wakiTxuli gaazrebaSi warmatebuli da CamorCenili mkiTxvelebis Ziri-Tadi maxasiaTeblebi:

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• akvirdeba sakuTari kiTxvis process, ganviTarebuli aqvs metakognituri unarebi.

•ganixilavs teqsts rogorc av-toris, ise sakuTari pozici-idan, kiTxvis procesSi da misi dasrulebis Semdeg amyarebs interaqcias teqstTan.

• akavSirebs teqstSi amokiTxuls winare codnasa da gamocdile-basTan.

•flobs da iyenebs gansxvave-bul, mravalferovan da efeq-tur strategiebs kiTxvis daw-yebamde, kiTxvis dros da misi dasrulebis Semdeg.

• icis, ra mizniT kiTxulobs teqsts da iyenebs Sesabamis strategiebs

•kiTxvis dros ver axerxebs me-takognituri strategiebis gamoyenebas.

•SesaZlebelia ver daafiqsi-ros is adgilebi teqstSi, rom-lebic ver gaigo.

•kiTxvis procesSi ar usvams kiTxvebs sakuTar Tavs da ar amyarebs interaqcias teqst-Tan.

•xSirad ar gaaCnia sakmarisi winare codna imisaTvis, rom gaigos wakiTxuli.

•naklebad an saerTod ar flobs kiTxvis strategiebs; an ver arCevs saTanado strategiebs.

•kargad ar icis, ra mizniT kiTxulobs teqsts.

• ar siamovnebs kiTxvis procesi, ver acnobierebs, raSi sWird-eba an ratom aris sasargeblo kiTxva.

rogor vaswavloT wakiTxulis gaazreba?sanam moswavleebi kiTxvas daiwyebdnen, upirvelesad mas-

wavlebelma saSualeba unda misces maT, rom Tvali gadaavlon wasakiTx teqsts. am gziT moswavleebi gaecnobian teqstis viz-ualur mxares, missigrZes, struqturas, yuradRebas miaqceven saTaursa da qvesaTaurebs, sakvanZo sityvebsa da frazebs, rac maT garkveul warmodgenas Seuqmnis wasakiTxi masalis Sesaxeb.

winare codnis aqtivaciakiTxvis dawyebamde moswavleTa winare codnis aqtivacia da

am saxiT wasakiTxi teqstis erTgavi „moTelva“ mniSvnelovnad uwyobs xels wakiTxulis gaazrebas. winare codna - es aris informacia, romelsac flobs moswavle im sakiTxTan Tu TemasTan dakavSirebiT, romelsac exeba an Seicavs wasakiTxi teqsti. es codna erTgavri xidia naswavlsa da Sesaswavls So-


31

ris. amitom, winare codnis aqtivaciis saSualebiT moswavle axerxebs, daakavSiros arsebuli codna Sesaswavl masalasTan, rac mniSvnelovnad exmareba mas axali informaciis gagebasa da damuSavebaSi.

CamorCenil moswavleebis problema ki xSirad swored is aris, rom isini ar floben sakmaris winare codnas da, Sesa-bamisad, ver akavSireben erTmaneTTan ukve naswavlsa da Sesas-wavls. SesaZlebelia aseve, rom isini ver axerxeben adekvaturi codnis aqtivacias da or Seusabamo informacias akavSireben erTmaneTTan, rac kidev ufro uSlis xels swavlaSi. am mizniT maswavlebels SeuZlia gamoiyenos Semdegi meTodebi da mid-gomebi:maswavlebeli moswavleTa winare codnis gasaaqtiureblad

iyenebs saTaurs, moswavleebTan erTad eZebs sakvanZo sityvebs da saubrobs maT mniSvnelobaze, moswavleebs sTavazobs va-raudebis cxrilis Sevsebas, ekiTxeba maT,Tu ris Sesaxeb Sei-Zleba iyos teqsti, ra SeiZleba iyos misi mTavari Tema.miuxe-davad imisa, rom kiTxvis am etapze moswavleTa aqtiurobaa gadamwyveti, sasurvelia, rom maswavlebelma winaswar dageg-mos am tipis aqtivobebi da marTos es procesi, daakvirdes, swor Sinaarsobriv kavSirebs amyareben moswavleebi Tu ara sakuTar codnasa da wasakiTx teqsts Soris.

kiTxvis dasrulebis Semdeg sasurvelia, rom maswavlebeli moswavleebTan erTad daubrundes kiTxvis dawyebamde Ca-tarebul aqtivobas da daexmaros maT, daadasturon, nawilo-briv an mTlianad uaryon gamoTqmuli varaudebi, imsjelon da Seajamon wakiTxuli.

saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, Tuki maswavleblisTvis cnobilia, rom moswavleebi ar floben sakmaris winare codnas, maswav-lebelma Tavad unda miawodos moswavleebs is aucilebeli informacia,romelic maT wasakiTxis teqstis gagebaSi daex-mareba. romelime istoriuli xasiaTis teqstis SemTxvevaSi, maswavlebels SeuZlia esaubros moswavleebs, magaliTad, im qveynebis, erebis an tomebis Sesaxeb, romlebic naxsenebia masSi, mokled mimoixilos istoriuli konteqsti, winaswar ganumartos maT specialuri terminebi da a.S.

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irina samsonia

grafikuli maorganizeblebiwakiTxulis gasaazreblad sasargebloa aseve grafikuli

maorganizeblebis gamoyeneba. grafikuli maorganizebeli aris martivad da TvalsaCinod warmodgenili teqstis Sinaarsi, rac exmareba moswavles, amoicnos, sistemurad dainaxos da daimax-sovros yvela mniSvnelovani detali, romelic mas wakiTxulis dasamuSaveblad da gasaazreblad sWirdeba. grafikul maor-ganizeblebs ganekuTvneba:azrobrivi ruka, venis diagrama, ambis ruka, cnebaTa ruka, qronologiuri ruka, obobas qseli (igive ablabuda) da mravali sxv. (nimuSebisTvis ix. danarTi 1).

grafikuli maorganizeblebis efeqturad da droulad gamoy-enebisaTvis, sasurvelia, rom maswavleblebma gaiTvaliswinon Semdegi rCevebi:grafikuli maorganizeblebis gamoyeneba sasargebloa kiTxvis

wina etapze, raTa moswavleebi saTanadod moemzadon teqstis wasakiTxad, miiRon saWiro informacia winaswar, gaixsenon da Tavi mouyaron winare codnasa da gamocdilebas, rac maT wak-iTxulis srulyofilad gaazrebaSi daexmareba, agreTve, winas-war gamoTqvan TavianTi varaudebi wasakiTxi teqstis miznis, daniSnulebis, Temisa da Sinaarsis Sesaxeb.

grafikuli maorganizeblebis gamoyeneba saWiroa kiTxvis pro-cesSic, radgan moswavleebi vizualuri TvalsaCinoebis saSu-alebiT ufro advilad da swrafad dainaxaven kavSirebs teqstSi asaxul movlenebs, faqtebsa da mosazrebebs Soris, gadmoce-muli ambis an movlenebis qronologias, aRmoaCenen da daimaxs-ovreben mniSvnelovan detalebs. yovelive es ki mniSvnelovnad exmareba moswavles gaigos da gaiazros wakiTxuli teqsti.

sxvadasxva qveyanaSi Catarebulma araerTma kvlevam aCvena, rom gansakuTebiT misasalmebelia, Tuki moswavleebi Tavad iswav-lian Tundac umartivesi saxis grafikuli maorganizeblebis (sqemebis, organizebuli komentarebis,teqstis gegmis, sxv.) gamoyenebas kiTxvis procesSi, radgan es exmareba mas wakiTxu-lis srulyofilad gaazrebaSi.

teqstis wakiTxvis Semdeg grafikul maorganizeblebs iyen-eben masSi gadmocemuli informaciis Sejamebis mizniT. misi saSualebiT moswavleebi axerxeben teqstSi mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSirebis gansazRvras, informaciis klasifikacias sxvadasx-va logikuri niSniT, aseve mis dakavSirebas realur cxovre-


33

basTan.imisaTvis, rom grafikuli maorganizeblebis gamoyeneba re-

alurad Sedegismomtani iyos, aucilebelia misi sworad Ser-Ceva teqstis tipis mixedviT. magaliTad, msgavsebebisa da gan-sxvavebebis diagrama umjobesia dargobrivi teqstebis (mag., teqstebi sazogadoebrivi an sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebis sferodan) gasaazreblad gamoviyenoT, xolo ambis qronologi-is amsaxveli diagrama, bunebrivia, naratiul teqstebs ufro Seesabameba.

metakogniciawakiTxulis gaazrebis xelSewyobis mizniT aseve mniSvnelova-

nia, rom moswavleebs vaswavloT sakuTari kiTxvis procesis kontroli. wakiTxulis gaazrebas didad Seuwyobs xels, Tuki moswavle kiTxvis dros yuradRebiT daakvirdeba, risi gage-ba gauWirda da myisierad gamoiyenebs Sesabamis strategias am xarvezis gamosasworeblad. amitom, sasurvelia, rom maswavle-belma daarwmunos moswavleebis amgvari strategiebis gamoyeneb-is aucileblobaSi da pirdapiri gziT aswavlos, ra strategiebi arsebobs sakuTari kiTxvis procesis gasakontroleblad da ra SemTxvevaSi romeli strategiis gamoyenebaa mizanSewonili kiTx-vis dros warmoqmnili dabrkolebebis Tavidan asacileblad.moswavleebi unda daeuflon strategiebs, romelTa saSu-

alebiTac isini SeZleben kiTxvis dros daSvebuli xarvezeb-is identificirebas. aseTi strategiebia, magaliTad: yvela ucnobi an rTulad gasagebi leqsikuri erTeulis (sityvis, frazeologiis, cnebisa Tu terminis) dafiqsireba; kiTxvis procesSi teqstSi asaxuli movlenebis, faqtebis warmosax-vaSi gacocxleba, anu cocxlad warmodgena imisa, rac weria an rasac mogviTxrobs avtori; TiToeuli abzacis an Sinaar-sobrivad dasrulebuli monakveTis wakiTxvis Semdeg mcire pauzis gakeTeba da wakiTxulis Sejameba; sakuTari TavisTvis kiTxvebis dasma wakiTxulis Sesaxeb.

moswavleebi unda daeuflon konkretul strategiebs kiTxvis dros warmoqmnili xarvezebis gamosasworeblad. aseTi strat-egiebia, magaliTad: ucnobi an rTulad gasagebi leqsikuri erTeulebis amosacnobad konteqstis, gramatikuli codnis (lingvisturi analizis unaris) gamoyeneba, saWiroebis SemTx-

34

irina samsonia

vevaSi ki leqsikonis an specialuri literaturis moZieba da gamoyeneba; xelaxla wakiTxva gaugebari an Znelad gasagebi adgilisa; wakiTxuli teqstidan gaugebari an Znelad gasagebi monakveTis sakuTari sityvebiT xmamaRla gadmocema.

Tuki kiTxvis process maswavlebeli uZRveba, maSin mas SeuZlia:• dausvas moswavles teqstTan dakavSirebuli kiTxvebi ro-

gorc kiTxvis dawyebamde, ise kiTxvis procesSi;• kiTxvis procesSi periodulad Seaxsenos moswavles, rom

dafiqrdes, gamarTlda Tu ara mis mier gamoTqmuli va-raudebi teqstis Sinaarsisa da Temis/Temebis Sesaxeb da misces saSualeba, isaubros amaze;

• aucileblad daarwmunos TiToeuli moswavle, rom dab-rkolebebis gamo xeli ki ar unda aiRos kiTxvaze, aramed gaagrZelos da Sesabamisi strategiebis gamoyenebiT gadal-axos sirTuleebi.

wakiTxulis SejamebakiTxvis mizani upirvelesad wakiTxulidan azris gamotanaa. es

ki SeuZlebelia, Tuki mkiTxvels ara aqvs unari, Tavi mouyaros wakiTxul teqstSi mocemul mTel informacias, romelic zogjer SesaZlebelia sakmaod tevadic iyos da daiyvanos igi mxolod ZiriTad, yvelaze mniSvnelovan elementebamde. swored es aris wakiTxulis Sejamebis unari, rac mniSvnelovnad ganapirobebs teqstis gaazrebas. am unaris gamomuSavebas dros sWirdeba. ami-tom, aucilebelia, rom maswavlebelma etapobrivad, sistemuri varjiSisa da ukugebis gziT aswavlos Tavis moswavleebs, Tu ro-gorSeajamon wakiTxuli teqsti. am miznis misaRwevad sasurve-lia, rommoswavleebs jer vaswavloT teqstis SedarebiT mcire mo-

nakveTebis (magaliTad, erTi abzacis an Sinaarsobrivad das-rulebuli ufro mcire monakveTis) Sejameba. amis Semdeg ki etapobrivad SeiZleba gaizardos Sesajamebeli monakveTebi moculoba.

pirvel etapze gamoviyenoT pirdapiri instruqciebisa da mod-elirebis meTodi, magaliTad: • maswavlebeli exmareba moswavleebs teqstSi ZiriTadi wina-

dadebis amocnobaSi, xolo Tuki teqstSi pirdapir ar aris mocemuli aseTi winadadeba - mis SeTxzvaSi;


35

• maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, erTmaneTTan Sinaarso-brivad dakavSirebuli sityvebi Caanacvlon erTi sityviT (ganmazogadebeli sityviT);

• maswavlebeli exmareba moswavleebs, erTmaneTisagan gaar-Cion mTavari da meorexarsixovani informacia, Semdeg ki „moaSoron“ es naklebad mniSvnelovani informacia;

teqstis SejamebaSi moswavleebs did daxmarebas gauwevs grafikuli maorganizeblebis gamoyeneba.

kiTxvebis dasma da kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemawakiTxulis srulyofilad gasaazreblad aseve sasargebloa,

rom moswavleebma iswavlon kiTxvebis dasma wakiTxulis Sesaxeb da, amasTanave, maswavleblis mier dasmul kiTxvebze pasuxebis gacema. Tuki moswavleebi iswavlian, rogor da ra saxis kiTxvebi dasvan kiTxvis dawyebamde, kiTxvis dros da misi dasrulebis Semdeg, bune-brivia, es mniSvnelovnad gazrdis maT interess teqstis mimarT da saSualebas miscems, ufro Rrmad gaiazron igi. marTalia, mas-wavleblis mier kiTxvebis dasma, Cveulebriv, ganixileba, rogorc moswavleTa Sefasebis saSualeba, magram am meTodiT moswavleebi aseve swavloben, Tu rogor da sad eZebon swori pasuxi kiTxvaze, rac maT exmareba wakiTxulis gaazrebaSi. moswavleebSi kiTxvebis dasmisa da maTze pasuxebis gacemis unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebis mizniT maswavlebelma SeiZleba gamoiyenos Semdegi midgomebi:aswavlos moswavleebs, Tavad dasvan da upasuxon sxvadasx-

va sirTulis kiTxvebs teqstis Sesaxeb, maT Soris, iseTebs romlebze pasuxebic pirdapir (eqspliciturad) aris moce-muli teqstSi da iseT kiTxvebsac, romlebze pasuxis gacemac moswavlisagan qveteqstis aRqmasa da garkveuli daskvnebis gakeTebas moiTxovs.

aswavlos moswavleebs strategiebi, romelTa saSualebiTac isini winaswar gansazRvraven kiTxvebis tipebs maTi generi-rebis dros da Seafaseben maswavleblis mier dasmuli kiTx-vebis sirTulesac imis mixedviT, Tu ras moiTxovs maTgan am kiTxvaze pasuxis gacema - eqsplicituri informaciis moZie-bas, Tu teqstis ufro Rrmad gaazrebas da masSi arapirdapir (impliciturad) mocemuli informaciis gagebas.

wakiTxulis Sesaxeb diskusiis warmarTva erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani aqtivobaa wakiTxulis gasaazreblad.

36

irina samsonia

motivacia

motivacia warmatebul mkiTxvelad Camoyalibebis erT-erTi gadamwyveti faqtoria. motivirebulmoswavles kiTxvis procesi siamovnebas aniWebs. amitom igi droTa ganmavlobaSi sul ufro kargad eufleba da Tavisuflad iyenebs kiTxvis mravalferovan strategiebs da, Sesabamisad, kargad gaiazrebs wakiTxuls. cxadia, Tuki mozards siamovnebs kiTxva, is bevrs kiTxulobs kidec da mudmivad izrdeba, rogorc mkiTxveli.

CamorCenili mkiTxvelebis problema ki swored motivaciis naklebobaa. amis gamo maT naklebad aqvT gamomuSavebuli gaaz-rebuli kiTxvis unari, ver floben kiTxvis efeqtur strat-egiebs, aqvT mwiri leqsikuri maragi, rac xels uSliT maT, gaigon da gaiazron wakiTxuli teqsti. yvelaferi es ki xels uSlis maT, gaecnon dargobrv teqstebs, rac iwvevs maT akade-miur CamorCenas yvela saskolo saganSi. CamorCenili mkiTx-velebi, Cveulebriv, arc klasgareSe literaturas kiTxuloben siamovnebiT. cudi mkiTxveli ki, cxadia, ver miaRwevs warmate-bas sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis vercerT sferoSi. amitomac, aucilebelia efeqturi meTodebisa da gzebis Zieba kiTxvis motivaciis asamaRleblad mozrdil moswavleebSi.

Tuki moswavle ori, sami an meti wliT CamorCeba Tavis Tanatolebs kiTxvaSi, es SeiZleba imas niSnavdes, rom isini wlebis ganmavlobaSi gariyulebi iyvnen saswavlo procesidan, an saWiroebdnen maswavleblisa da mSoblis met yuradRebas, ris gamoc maT TandaTanobiT interesi da motivacia dakarges swavlis mimarT. ase rom, mozrdil CamorCenil moswavleebTan muSaobisas mTavari amocana aris maTTvis ara mxolod sis-temuri saswavlo kursis SeTavazeba, aramed maTi daxmareba, rom daubrundeT sakuTari Tavis rwmena da Sinagani motivacia swavlis mimarT.

gTavazobT cxrils, romelSic aRwerilia warmatebuli da CamorCenili mkiTxvelebis maxasiaTeblebi maTi kiTxvisadmi damokidebulebis WrilSi da naCvenebia isic, Tu rogor uwyobs xels kiTxvis motivacia karg mkiTxvelad Camoyalibebas.


37


•kiTxulobs interesiT da am-yarebs dialogs teqstTan.

•yuradRebiT, gulisyuriT kiTxulobs da, Sesabamisad, kargad gaiazrebs wakiTxuls.

•kiTxulobs bevrs da, Sesa-bamisad, aqvs gansxvavebu-li tipis teqstebis kiTxvis gamocdileba, aseve flobs sakmaris winare codnas axali teqstis srulfasovnad gasaaz-reblad.

•kiTxva uRvivebs interess da cdilobs, misTvis saintereso sakiTxis Sesaxeb waikiTxos da miiRos rac SeiZleba meti in-formacia.

•misTvis kiTxva pasiuri pro-cesia, ar aqcevs yuradRebas, ra ver gaigo teqstSi da, Sesa-bamisad, ar iyenebs wakiTxulis gasagebad saWiro strategiebs.

•umetesad cudad an saerTod ver igebs wakiTxuls.

•cotas kiTxulobs da, Sesa-bamisad, ara aqvs gansxvave-buli tipis teqstebis kiTxvis gamocdileba. kiTxvis mwiri gamocdilebis gamo ar aqvs winare codna, romelic mas wakiTxulis gaazrebaSi daex-mareba.

•Zalian SezRuduli aqvs an saerTod ara aqvs intereseb-is sfero da, Sesabamisad, ar cdilobs gaiRrmavos codna.

rogor avamaRloT moswavleTa motivacia?kiTxvis motivaciis asamaRleblad kiTxvis zogierTi spe-

cialisti gamoyofs oTx umTavres midgomas. esenia: 1) kiTxvis miznis gansazRvramoswavleTa interesebis gaTvalsiwinebiT; 2) moswavleTa arCevanis pativiscema; 3) saintereso sakiTxavi masa-lis SerCeva da 4) moswavleTa Soris TanamSromlobis (moswav-leTa socializaciis) waxaliseba.

kiTxvis sxvadasxva komponentis swavlebis dros gamoyenebu-li midgomebisgan gansxvavebiT, motivaciis amaRleba ar gulisx-mobs pirdapiri swavlebis meTodis gamoyenebas. es aris kiTxvis swavlebis Tanamdevi procesi. motivaciis amaRlebaze maswavle-beli unda zrunavdes kiTxvis nebismieri aqtivobis dagegmvisa da ganxorcielebis dros.

1) kiTxvis miznis gansazRvramoswavleTa interesebis gaT-valiswinebiT. maswavlebelma unda gaiTvalisiwinos, rom sak-iTxavi masalis SerCevisas misi ZiriTadi mizani unda iyos ara konkretuli skiTxavi amocanebis gadawyveta da davalebebis sworad Sesruleba, aramed Tavad teqstis Sinaarsobrivi mxare. moswavle ufro yuradRebiT waikiTxavs teqsts, Tu igi exeba

38

irina samsonia

misTvis saintereso Temas, romlis gagebac mas SeuZlia. Tu mis-Tvis kiTxva mxolod valdebulebaada misi mizani mxolod mas-wavleblis mier SeTavazebuli davalebebisa da savarjiSoebis Sesrulebaa, bunebrivia, am SemTxvevaSi moswavlis Sinagani mo-tivacia sagrZnoblad klebulobs. kiTxvis process upiratesad saganmanaTleblo, SemecnebiTi mizani unda hqondes.

2) moswavleTa arCevanis pativiscema. Tuki moswavles saSu-aleba miecema, monawileoba miiRos sakiTxavi masalis SerCevaSi, Tavad airCios sakuTari roli jgufur Tu wyvilur aqtivobeb-Si, aucileblad gaizrdeba misi motivaciac. moswavle, romelic TviTon irCevs, ra waikiTxos, ufro meti interesiT kiTxulobs da ufro efeqturad iyenebs kiTxvis strategiebs wakiTxulis gasaazreblad. kargi iqneba, Tu maswavlebeli gaiTvaliswinebs moswavlis zogierT survilsac, magaliTad, romel Tanak-laselTan erTad unda mas ama Tu im aqtivobaSi monawileoba an davalebis Sesruleba, individualurad surs muSaoba Tu jgufurad an partniorTan erTad, ra tipis produqti surs, rom Seqmnas wakiTxul teqstTan dakavSirebiT (mag., Txzuleba, Canaxati Tu posteri) da a.S.

3) saintereso sakiTxavi masalis SerCeva. moswavleebs exal-isebaT iseTi teqstebis kiTxva, romlebic maT interess aRZravs. isini ufro advilad imaxsovreben maTTvis saintereso informa-cias, vidre iseTs, romelic maTi interesis sagans ar warmoad-gens. sadavo ar aris, rom rac ufro sainteresoa teqsti, miT ufro izrdeba mkiTxvelis motivaciac da, Sesabamisad, wakiTxu-lis gaazrebis xarisxic.

moswavles uTuod daainteresebs teqsti, romelSic ganxi-lul sakiTxebze Tu Temebze mas garkveuli winare codna ukve gaaCnia. is, rom man icis raRac teqstSi mocemuli informaciis Sesaxeb, ukve iwvevs mis interess. ra Tqma unda, aravin uaryofs, rom skola is adgilia, sadac mozardma axali codna unda mii-Ros da moswavleebsac xSirad uwevT maTTvis sruliad ucnobi informaciis Semcveli teqstebis wakiTxva da Seswavlac. Cven vambobT ara imas, rom maswavlebelma Tavi unda aaridos axali masalis klasSi Setanas, aramed ufro vurCevT maT, sifrTxiliT moekidon am sakiTxs da teqstis SerCevisas gaiTvaliswinon, rom kiTxvisas motivaciis faqtori Zalian mniSvnelovania. sruliad ucnobi Temebis SeTavazebam ki SesaZlebelia uaryofiTi gavlena iqonios moswavleTa motivaciaze. es, Tavis mxriv, kidev erTxel


39

usvams xazs kiTxvis dawyebamde moswavleTa winare codnis mo-bilizebis mniSvnelobasa da, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, im Teme-bisa da sakiTxebis Sesaxeb, romlebsac wasakiTxi teqsti Seicavs garkveuli informaciis miwodebis aucileblobasac.

maswavlebelma unda gaiTvaliswinoc isic, rom moswavleebi meti interesiT kiTxuloben vizualurad mimzidvel teqstebs. amitom, sakiTxavi masalis SerCevisas man yuradReba unda mi-aqcios ilustraciebisa da TvalsaCinoebebis xarisxs, Sriftis zomas, aseve imas, Tu rogor aris teqsti ganawilebuli gverdze da a.S.

cxadia, ar arsebobs universaluri sazomi, romlis saSu-alebiTac SegviZlia zustad davadginoT, romeli teqsti iqneba yvela moswavlisaTvis erTnairad saintereso da romeli - ara. es sakmaod individualuri sakiTxia. amitom, sasurvelia, Tu maswavlebels winaswar eqneba garkveuli informacia sakuTari moswavleebis interesebis sferoebis Sesaxeb da amis mixedviT SearCevs sakiTxavi masalas.

4) moswavleTa Soris TanamSromlobis waxaliseba. rogorc cnobilia, mozrdil moswavleebs gansakuTrebiT ainteresebT erTmaneTTan urTierToba. gamocdilebam aCvena, rom moswavlee-bi ufro motivirebulni xdebian swavlaSi da xSirad gakveTilis dasrulebis Semdegac ki agrZeleben muSaobas, Tuki maT mivcemT saSualebas, daamyaron erTmaneTTan socialuri interaqcia da TanamSromlobis gziT erToblivad gadawyviton sxvadasxva sas-wavlo (Cvens SemTxvevaSi, sakiTxavi) amocanebi. iTvleba, rom TanamSromlobiT swavlis meTodi gansakuTrebiT sasargebloa CamorCenili moswavleebisTvis. Tuki aseT moswavleebs xSirad miecemaT saSualeba, magaliTad, wyvilSi imuSaon swavlaSi maTze ufro warmatebul TanaklaselTan erTad, isini, savaraudod, ufro advilad daZleven sirTuleebs konkretuli amocanebis gadawyvetisas. es ki uTuod dadebiT gavlenas moaxdens mis mo-tivaciaze. ase rom, socialuri interaqcia ara mxolod moti-vaciis amaRlebas uwyobs xels, aramed exmareba kidec CamorCe-nil moswavles, ukeT gaigos da gaiazros wakiTxuli.

sasurvelia, rom maswavlebelma xSirad dagegmos iseTi aqtivobebi, romlis drosac moswavleebi erTad waikiTxaven te-qsts, gauziareben erTmaneTs informacias, Sexedulebebsa da mosazrebebs, daexmarebian erTmaneTs rTuli adgilebis gage-baSi da a.S.

40

irina samsonia

danarTi 1. sanimuSo saklaso aqtivobebi sanimuSod gTavazobT cxrils, romelSic warmodgenil-

ia nawili im saklaso aqtivobebis CamonaTvalisa, romlebic mniSvnelovnad uwyobs xels wignierebis unarebis ganviTarebas moswavleebSi. cxrils Tan erTvis TiToeuli dasaxelebuli aqtivobisa Tu meTodis detaluri aRwerilobani da TvalsaCi-noebani.

mimarTuleba

leqsikis daufleba

wakiTxulis gaazreba

wera

kiTxvis dawyebamde

varaudebis cxrili o • oTanamSromlobiTi strategiuli kiTxvis „qronika“

o • o

cnebaTa klasifikacia • • opirveli striqoni o • osityvis ruka • o oCamoTvale, daajgufe, daarqvi saxeli

• o o

moismine, waikiTxe da imsjele

o • o

swavla mewyvilesTan erTad

• • •

SesaZlo winadadebebi • o oxmamaRla fiqri o • o


41

kiTxvis dros

ideaTa ruka o • oormagi Canawerebi • • ogamokiTxvisfurceli o • •yvelaze mnivnelovani faqtebi

o • o

kiTxva wyvilebSi o • oabzacis SekumSva/ Semokleba

o • •

mTavari, naklebad mTavari da meorex-arisxovani

o • •

kiTxvis gzamkvlevi o • oormxrivi swavleba • • •SerCeviTi moniSvna • • osemantikuri kavSirebi • • •ambis ruka o • •SQ3R o • oteqstis struqtura o • o

kiTxvis Semdeg

klasSi dasatovebeli baraTebi

o • o

CarCoebi o • okiTxvebiavtors o • okiTxva da pasuxi o • oSevajamoT wakiTxuli o • o

42

irina samsonia

aqtivoba: varaudebis cxriliaqtivoba„varaudebis cxrili“gamoiyeneba kiTxviswina etap-

ze moswavleTa winare (ukve arsebuli) codnis gasaaqtiureblad da axali Temebisa Tu sakiTxebis mimarT maTi interesis gasaR-viveblad. moswavleebi fiqroben da TavianT winaswar damok-idebulebas gamoxataven teqstis ZiriTadi sakiTxebis Sesaxeb Camoyalibebuli sxvadasxva debulebis mimarT - eTanxmebian an uaryofen maT. am meTodis gamoyeneba xels uwyobs moswavlis dainteresebas teqstSi wasakiTx teqstSi asaxuli Temebisa da sakiTxebis mimarT da amgvarad exmareba mas kiTxvis miznis gan-sazRvraSi. kiTxvis dasrulebis Semdeg SesaZlebelia moswav-leebi miubrundnen maT mier Sevsebul varaudebis cxrils, gadaamowmon sakuTari Sexedulebebi da garkveuli Seswore-bebi Seitanon maTSi.

varaudebis cxrili, rogorc saklaso aqtivoba, xelsay-relia im mxrivac, rom am dros maswavlebeli axerxebs yvela moswavlis aqtiurad CarTvassaswavlo procesSi, saSualebas aZlevs maT, ifiqron da kritikulad gaiazron, sinamdvileSi ra ician da ra hgoniaT, rom ician ama Tu im sakiTxis Sesaxeb da ecadon miiRon maTTvis saintereso informacia. es aris jgufuri (saklaso) aqtivoba, romelic kiTxvis mizans uCens im moswavleebsac ki, romlebic Tavdapirvelad SeiZleba sulac ar iyvnen dainteresebulni mocemuli sakiTxebiT.

gTavazobT varaudebis cxrilis nimuSs:

saxeli

sakiTxi

instuqcia: waikiTxeT qvemoT CamoTvlili debulebebi. marcxena svetSi aRniSneT, eTanxmebiT (diax) Tu ar eTanxmebiT (ara) maTSi gadmocemul informacias/mosazrebas. dafiqrdiT, ratom eTanxmebiT an ar eTanxmebiT am debulebebs da moemza-deT Tqveni Sexedulebebis gasaziareblad.


43

kiTxvis daw-yebamde

(veTanxmebi / ar veTanxmebi)

debuleba / kiTxva

kiTxvis das-rulebis Semdeg (veTanxmebi / ar

veTanxmebi)

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

aqtivobis dagegmvaaqtivobis „varaudebis cxrili“ dagegmvis sxvadasxva gza

arsebobs, magram maTi umetesoba Sedgeba Semdegi etapebisagan:1. maswavlebeli gansazRvravs mTavar Temebsa da sakiTxebs

sakiTxavi masalidan.2. maswavlebelma unda ivaraudos, daaxloebiT ra warmodgena

aqvT mis moswavleebs ama Tu im Temis/sakiTxis Sesaxeb.3. am varaudebis gaTvaliswinebiT maswavlebelma unda Camow-

eros iseTi debulebebi/kiTxvebi, romlebic moswavleTa warmodgenebis provocirebas Seuwyobs xels.

4. maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, daeTanxmon an ar daeTanx-mon cxrilSi mocemul debulebebs/kiTxvebs.

konkretuli nabijebi:1. maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, Seavson varaudebis

cxrili. maT SeuZliaT imuSaon damoukideblad, wyvilebSi an mcire jgufebSi. maswavlebelma unda Seaxsenos moswav-leebs, rom samuSaos dasrulebis Semdeg maT mouwevT dis-

44

irina samsonia

kusiaSi monawileoba.2. samuSaos dasrulebis Semdeg imarTeba diskusia, romlis

drosac moswavleebi asabuTeben sakuTar mosazrebebs - ratom daeTanxmnen an ar daeTanxmnen varaudebis cxrilSi mocemul debulebebs. am procesSi maswavlebeli maqsimalu-rad unda cdilobdes moswavleTa kritikuli azrovnebis waxalisebas. amitom, rac SeiZleba Rrmad da detalurad unda mosTxovos TiToeul moswavles sakuTari poziciis dasabuTeba.

3. amis Semdeg moswavleebs unda daevaloT teqstis wakiTxva da cal-calke moniSvna an amowera iseTi adgilebisa, rom-lebic daemTxva maT mier winaswar gamoTqmul varaudebs da romlebic maTgan moiTxovs am varaudebis kritikulad gadaxedvas.

4. kiTxvis dasrulebis Semdeg moswavleebs unda mieceT dis-kusiis gamarTvis saSualeba. maswavlebels SeuZlia, hkiTx-os moswavleebs, Seicvala Tu ara romelime sakuTari azri cxrilSi warmodgenili debulebebis mimarT da sTxovos moiyvanon teqstidan magaliTebi, romlebic maTi pirvelad pasuxebs adasturdebs an, piriqiT, eWvqveS ayenebs.


45

aqtivoba: TanamSromlobiTi strategiuli kiTxvis „qronika“

TanamSromlobiTi strategiuli kiTxva aris teqnika, rom-lis saSualebiTac moswavleebi swavloben, rogor gadawyviton maswavleblis mier maTTvis dasmuli sakiTxavi amocanebi Tan-amSromlobis gziT wakiTxulis ukeT gasaazreblad. TanamSrom-lobiTi strategiuli kiTxvis „qronikis“ funqciaa, daexmaros moswavleebs, etapobrivad aRweron kiTxvis procesi. am dros isini safuZvlianad gaiazreben, ras kiTxuloben, ra SekiTxvebi uCndebaT kiTxvis dros, ra Sexedulebebi uyalibdebaT wakiTx-ulze da yovelive amas Caiweren. Serulebuli samuSao ki kargi saSualebaa maswavleblisaTvis rogorc Semdgomi aqtivobebis gasagegmad, ise, Sefasebis sawarmoeblad.

gTavazobT TanamSromlobiTi strategiuli kiTxvis „qroni-kis“ nimuSs:

saxeli

Tema

kiTxv

is d

aw-

yeba

mde

gonebrivi ieriSi varaudi

kiTxv

is

dros

ra aris teqstis mTavari Tema?

ra sakiTxebs (Temebs) exeba teqsti?

kiTxv

is d

as-

rul

ebis

Sem

deg

ra kiTxvebi maqvswakiTxulis Sesaxeb?

ra gavige axali?

46

irina samsonia

aqtivobis dagegmva:maswavlebeli sTavazobs moswavleebs wasakiTx teqsts da

uxsnis maT aqtivobis mimdinareobas. kiTxvis dawyebamde:1. maswavlebelma unda daajgufos moswavleebi ise, rom Ti-

Toeul jgufSi moxvdnen rogorc CamorCenili, ise war-matebuli mkiTxvelebic;

2. maswavlebelma unda auxsnas moswavleebs, rogor SeuZlia Seavsos es cxrili (gaakeTos winaswar moumzadebeli-Canawerebi eqspromtad, Caweros mokle frazebi, Tundac Caxatos grafikuli gamosaxulebebi);

3. moswavleebma Sesabamis grafaSi unda Caweron, ra ician teqstis Temis Sesaxeb da gamoTqvan TavianTi winaswari varaudebi.

kiTxvis dros maT unda Caiweron, ra gaiges teqstis kiTx-visas, ra aris misi mTavari Tema, kidev ra sakiTxebs exeba igi, mokled yvela ZiriTadi informacia, romelic miiRes teqstis kiTxvis procesSi.

kiTxvis dasrulebis Semdeg ki moswavleebi Seajameben te-qstis Sinaarss, gaiazreben, ra gaiges da ra kiTxvebi darCaT wakiTxulis irgvliv.

maswavlebelma kiTxvis samive etapze unda akontrolos es Canawerebi, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, daexmaros moswavleebs kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemaSi da ganumartos gaugebari an aras-worad gagebuli adgilebi.

aqtivoba: cnebaTa klasifikacia cnebaTa klasifikacia - es saklaso aqtivoba gamoiyen-

eba moswavleTaTvis axali leqsikis saswavleblad. igi gansa-kuTrebiT sasargebloa, Tuki sakiTxav masalaSi Warbad gvx-vdeba specialuri leqsika.

maswavlebeli sakiTxavi masalidan SearCevs da aZlevs moswav-leebs terminebisa da cnebebis CamonaTvals. moswavleebma ki mniS-vnelobis mixedviT kategoriebad unda daaxarisxon da daajgufon isini. es kategoriebi umjobesia Tavdapirvelad maswavlebelma SeTavazos moswavleebs, droTa ganmavlobaSi ki sasurvelia, Ta-


47

vad moswavleebma SeZlon cnebaTa gamaerTianebeli kategoriebis Seqmna. Tuki am aqtivobas maswavlebeli kiTxvis dawyebamde gamoi-yenebs, es mas saSualebas miscems, gaigos, aqvT Tu ara raime sa-baziso codna moswavleebs wasakiTxi teqstis Temis Sesaxeb, rac daexmareba mas swavlebis Semdgomi etapebis dagegmvaSi. teqstis wakiTxvis Semdeg gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSiki maswavlebeli SeZ-lebs Seafasos, ramdenad kargad gaiges misma moswavleebma axlad Seswavlili cnebebisa da terminebis mniSvneloba.

aqtivoba SeiZleba daigegmos rogorc mTel klasTan, ise mcire jgufebTan samuSaod. is SesaZlebelia iyos individualuric.

aqtivobis dagegmva:1. maswavlebeli arCevs sakiTxav masalas moswavleebisTvis;2. SerCeuli teqstis safuZvelze maswavlebeli amoiwers Te-

masTan dakavSirebul mniSvnelovan leqsikas, oRond ise, rom gaiTvaliswinos, ra kategoriebad SeiZleba daiyos es sityvebi;

3. maswavlebeli baraTebze wers (an beWdavs) am cnebebsa Tu terminebs (TiTo baraTze TiTos);

4. maswavlebeli Tavad sTavazobs moswavleebs sityvaTa kategoriebs, an exmareba maT dajgufebuli sityvebis sax-eldebaSi. SeniSvna: am SemTxvevaSi, sasurvelia, Tu maswav-lebeli jer aaxsnevinebs moswavles, ratom daajgufa man sityvebi ase da Semdeg sTxovos ganmazogadebeli sityvis mofiqreba.

gTavazobT cnebaTa klasifikaciis aqtivobis nimuSs:1. maswavlebeli sTavazobs moswavleebs winaswar SerCeuli

terminebis CamonaTvals:

foTolmcveni foTlebi wyali qerqi

maradmwvane tye ylortebi mTebi

mzis sinaTle niadagi fesvebi tropikuli tye

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irina samsonia

2. Semdeg maswavlebeli sTxovs maT, daalagon es sityvebi kategoriebis mixedviT, magaliTad:• xis nawilebi;• xis tipebi;• sad izrdeba xeebi;• ra sWirdeba xes, rom icocxlos.

aqtivoba: pirvelistriqoni„pirveli striqoni“ aris saklaso aqtivoba, romelic igeg-

meba kiTxviswina etapze. am dros moswavleebi kiTxuloben wa-sakiTxi teqstis mxolod pirvel or an sam winadadebas (raode-noba, ra Tqma unda, damokidebulia winadadebis sigrZesa da Sinaarsobrv datvirTulobaze) da cdiloben amoicnon, rogor gagrZeldeba teqsti, an rogor ganviTardeba misi Sinaarsi.

es aqtivoba moiTxovs moswavlisagan: a) kiTxvis dawyebamde ivaraudos, rogor SeiZleba gagrZeldes teqsti da b) gaixsenos yvelaferi, rac icis teqstis Temis Sesaxeb. garda imisa, rom moswavle kiTxvis procesis aqtiuri monawile xdeba. igi aseve erTveba diskusiebSic da, amasTanave, uviTardeba weris unar-Cvevebic, radganac mas uwevs sakuTari varaudebis organizeba da werilobiT warmodgena. moswavleTa mier gamoTqmuli da werilobiT Camoyalibebuli varaudebis gacnoba, cxadia, daex-mareba maswavlebels gaigos, ramdenad arian misi moswavleebi mzad teqstis aRsaqmelad da Sesabamisad dagegmos momdevno nabijebi.

aqtivobis dagegmva:maswavlebels SeuZlia winaswar moniSnos an gadaRebuli

aslebidan calke amoWras wasakiTxi teqstis pirveli striqoni da daurigos moswavleebs. man kargad unda auxsnas moswavleeba aqtivobis mizani da misi mimdinareoba. moswavleebs SeuZliaT imuSaon rveulebSi an Seavson specialurad am aqtivobisTvis momzadebuli forma.


49

gTavazobT nimuSs:saxeli

saTauri

pirveli striqoni

varaudi

dasabuTeba / axsna

Sesworebebi

aqtivobis mimdinareoba:1. maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, waikiTxon pirveli

winadadebebi / striqoni teqstidan;2. amis Semdeg igi sTxovs moswavleebs, gamoTqvan TavianTi

varaudebi wasakiTxi teqstis Sinaarsis Sesaxeb pirveli winadadebebis / striqonis safuZvelze;

3. maswavlebelma aucileblad unda Seaxsenos moswavleebs, rom am dros ar arsebobs „mcdari“ da „swori“ mosazre-bebi, magram aucilebelia, rom gamoTqmuli varaudebi em-yarebodes im informacias, romelsac wakiTxuli pirveli winadadebebi / striqoni gvawvdis;

4. TiToeuli moswavlis mier gamoTqmuli varaudis Sesaxeb warimarTeba saklaso diskusia;

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irina samsonia

5. aqtivobis mimdinareobisas moswavleebi avseben winaswar specialurad am aqtivobisTvis Seqmnil cxrils, xolo diskusiis dros SeuZliaT Seitanon mas garkveuli Ses-worebebi an damatebebi. moswavleebma SeiZleba imuSaon rogorc jgufurad, ise individualurad;

6. teqstis wakiTxvis Semdeg moswavleebi, ra Tqma unda, miu-brundebian maT mier Sevsebul cxrils, Seafaseben saku-Tar namuSevars da Sesabamis grafaSi weren TavianT ko-mentarebs.

aqtivoba: sityvis rukaes aris leqsikis daufleba-gamdidrebaze orientirebuli

saklaso aqtivoba, romlisTvisac gamoiyeneba grafikuli maor-ganizebeli. es aqtivoba xels uwyobs moswavleTa kritikuli azrovnebis ganviTarebas. amasTanave, moswavleebs saSualeba eZlevaT, mobilizeba gaukeTon Tavian winare codnas da dain-axon semantikuri Tu konceptualuri kavSirebi maTTvis nac-nob da ucnob leqsikur erTeulebs Soris.

es aqtivoba SeiZleba daigegmos rogorc mTel klasTan sa-muSaod, ise mcire jgufebTan da calkeul moswavleebTanac.

aqtivobis dagegmva:1. maswavlebeli aqtivobis dawyebamde wasakiTxi teqstidan

winaswar SearCevs sityvebisa da cnebebis CamonaTvals;2. maswavlebeli acnobs moswavleebs dasamuSavebel leqsi-

kas;3. maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs waikiTxon teqsti,

romelic Seicavs am leqsikas da aZlevs saSualebas, yuradRebiT dafiqrdnen maT SesaZlo mniSvnelobaze;

4. maswavlebeli avalebs moswavleebs oTxnawiliani cxri-lis Sevsebas. moswavleebs saSualeba unda mieceT, Tavad airCion dasamuSavebeli leqsikuri erTeulebi;

5. samuSaos dasrulebis Semdeg TiToeuli namuSevari ganix-ileba mTel klasTan erTad da moswavleebi midian saer-


51

To daskvnamde TiTeoul sityvasTan Tu cnebasTan dakav-SirebiT. maswavlebelma, bunebrivia, unda akontrolos es procesi da, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, swori mimarTuleba misces diskusias.

6. gTavazobT „sityvis rukis“ grafikuli maorganizeblis

nimuSs:

sityva/mcneba

faqtebiganmarteba

Sesabamisi magaliTi Seusabamamo magaliTi

aqtivoba: CamoTvale, daajgufe, daarqvi saxeli

es aqtivoba gamoiyeneba leqsikaze samuSaod da moswavleeb-isgan moiTxovs sametapiani saswavlo moqmedebis Sesrulebas, ZiriTadad, dargobrivi (anu sxvadasxva disciplinebTan dakav-Sirebuli) leqsikis, cnebebisa da terminebis organizebis miz-niT. igi saSualebas aZlevs moswavleebs, sakuTari winare cod-nis gamoyenebiT amoicnon semantikuri kavSirebi sityvebsa da cnebebs Soris. am aqtivobis gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia kiTxvis dawyebamdec da misi dasrulebis Semdegac.

es aqtivoba mravalmxriv sasargebloa moswavleebisTvis.

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irina samsonia

isini akvirdebian TiToeuli sityvisa Tu cnebis mniSvnelobas, eZeben kavSirebsa da urTierTmimarTebebs maT Soris, saubro-ben erTmaneTTan. moswavleebi xalisiT monawileoben am tipis aqtivobebSi, radgan am dros yoveli sityva, cneba Tu ter-mini cocxldeba maT warmosaxvaSi. es aqtivoba moswavleebi-sgan kritikul azrovnebas moiTxovs da am gziT isini ufro advilad imaxsovreben axal leqsikur erTeulebsac da maTTan dakavSirebul informaciasac.

aqtivobis dagegmva:sakiTxavi masalidan maswavlebelma unda SearCios sakvanZo

cneba, ris Semdegac:1. igi avalebs moswavleebs, ifiqron da gaixsenon yvela is

sityva, romelic, maTi azriT, dakavSirebulia am cnebasTan. sasurvelia, maswavlebelma moswavleebis mier dasaxelebu-li yvela sityva Camoweros dafaze. rekomendacia: SesaZle-belia, zogierTi dasaxelebuli sityva sruliad ararele-vanturi iyos, magram am etapze ar aris mizanSewonili maTi pasuxebis gakritikeba. aqtivobis momdevno etapze, rode-sac isini daiwyeben sityvebis dajgufebas, Tavadve ityvian uars Seusabamo sityvebze.

2. maswavlebeli yofs klass mcire jgufebad da avalebs maT, Tanaklaselebis mier CamoTvlili da dafaze Camowerili sityvebidan SearCion iseTebi, romlebic, maTi azriT, Si-naarsobrivad (Tematurad) aris dakavSirebuli erTmaneT-Tan, xolo Semdgom maTgan msgavsi (Sinaarsobrivad yvelaze axlos mdgomi) sityvebidaajgufon qvekategoriebad. sam-uSaos dasrulebis Semdeg maswavlebelma unda dausvas TiTeoul jgufs kiTxvebi, Tu ratom moxvda esa Tu is sityva konkretul qvekategoriaSi da ara sxvagan, an ratom amovarda romelime sityva saerTo CamonaTvalidan da a.S.

3. maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, moifiqron da Seur-Cion saTauri / saxelwodeba maT mier Seqmnil sityvaTa TiToeul jgufs. am gziT isini daasabuTeben kidec, Tu ratom moaqcies es sityvebi erT jgufSi.gTavazobT samuSao furclis nimuSs:


53

instruqcia: marcxena svetSi CamowereT yvela is sityva, romelic, Tqveni azriT, erT Temas ukavSirdeba. rodesac CamowerT maT, daajgufeT erTad msgavsi mniSvnelobis sityve-bi. amis Semdeg ki TiToeul jgufs daarqviT saxeli.

sityvebis CamonaTvali sityvaTa jgufebi jgufis saxelwodeba

SeniSvna: miuxedavad imisa, rom aqtivoba „CamoTvale, daajgufe, daarqvi saxeli“ igegmeba da tardeba kiTxvis daw-yebamde, moswavleebs SeuZliaT miubrundnen TavianT namu-Sevrebs teqstis wkiTxvisa da saTanadod damuSavebis Semdegac. maT SeiZleba gauCndeT survili, daamaton sityvebi CamonaT-vals an gadaarqvan maT mier SerCeuli saxelwodeba sityvaTa romelime jgufs.

54

irina samsonia

aqtivoba: moismine, waikiTxe da imsjelees aqtivoba xels uwyobs moswavleTa mier wakiTxulis gaaz-

rebas teqstis wakiTxvamde mis Sesaxeb zepiri informaciis mos-menisa da winare codnis gaaqtiurebis gziT. aqtivobis pirvel etapze moswavleebi ismenen maswavleblis leqciis tipis mimox-ilvas teqstis Sesaxeb. amis Semdeg moswavleebi iwyeben teqs-tis kiTxvas da am procesSi maT saSualeba eZlevaT, Seadaron erTmaneTs mosmenili da wakiTxuli informacia, daazuston detalebi da am gziT Seafason, ramdenad kargad SeuZliaT mos-menilisa da wakiTxulis gageba-gaazreba. kiTxvis dasrulebis Semdeg moswavleebi saubroben TavianT dakvirvebebze.

es meTodi gansakuTrebiT sasargebloa kiTxvaSi CamorCe-nili moswavleebisaTvis.radganac aseT moswavleebs ar Seu-ZliaT damoukideblad waikiTxon da gaigon mTliani teqsti, maswavleblis mier miwodebuli informacia exmareba maT, ze-dapiruli warmodgena mainc SeeqmnaT am masalis Sesaxeb.im moswavleebs ki, romlebsac ar gaaCniaT sakmarisi winare codna wasakiTxi teqstis gasagebad, mosmeniT iReben am informacias da am gziT uadvildebaT kiTxvis procesSi wakiTxuli gaazre-ba. swored amitom, sasurvelia, rom maswavlebelma am aqtivob-isTvis SearCios iseTi teqsti, romlis Sesaxebac, misi azriT, moswavleebs ara aqvT sakmarisi winare codna da damatebiTi informacia daexmareba maT wakiTxulis gasaazreblad.

aqtivobis dagegmva:

1. mosmena: maswavlebeli atarebs mimoxilviTi xasiaTis mokle leqcias wasakiTxi teqstis Sinaarsis Sesaxeb. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, sasurvelia sxvadasxva TvalsaCinoebis da/an grafikuli maorganizeblebis gamoyenebac;

2. kiTxva: moswavleebi damoukideblad kiTxuloben SeTava-zebul teqsts. maswavlebelma winaswar unda gaafrTxilos moswavleebi, rom daakvirdnen, zustad iseve aRiqvamen da gaigeben teqsts, rogorc es maswavlebelma miawoda Tu ara.

3. msjeloba: moswavleebi ganixilaven wakiTxul teqsts. mas-wavlebelma unda waaxalisos moswavleebi, rom maT gaake-Ton mosmenilisa da wakiTxulis SedarebiTi analizi da im-sjelon am Temaze.


55

aqtivoba: swavla mewyvilis daxmarebiTkiTxvaSi CamorCenili moswavleebis daxmarebis Zalian efeq-

turi saSualebaa mewyvileebTan muSaobis (e.w. partnioruli kiTxvis) meTodis gamoyeneba. es aris aqtivoba, romlis drosac ufro warmatebuli moswavleebi exmarebian TavianT Tanak-laselebs kiTxvaSi, aZleven saWiro rCevebs, aswavlian kiTx-vis efeqturi strategiebis gamoyenebas, uziareben TavianT gamocdilebas da am gziT xels uwyoben maTi Sedegebis gaum-jobesebas.

maswavleblis roli am aqtivobaSi aris CamorCenili moswav-leebis saWiroebebis gansazRvra, Sesabamisi sakiTxavi amocaneb-is SeTavazeba aseTi moswavleebisaTvis maTi susti mxareebis gaTvaliswinebiT da Sesabamisi mewyvilis miCena. maswavlebeli, bunebrivia, yuradRebiT unda akvirdebodes wyvilebSi muSaobas da, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, garkveul instruqciebs aZlevdes „damxmare“ moswavles.

aqtivobis dagegmva:maswavlebeli gamoavlens moswavleebs, romlebsac proble-

mebi aqvT kiTxvaSi, gansazRvravs, romeli unarebis gamomuSave-baSi sWirdebaT maT daxmareba da amis mixedviT SearCevs maT mewyviles. isini inawileben rolebs: erTi xdeba „mwvrTneli“, xolo meore - „mkiTxveli“. magaliTad, rodesac „mkiTxveli“ xmamaRla kiTxulobs teqsts, „mwvrTneli“ yuradRebiT usmens mas da usworebs Secdomebs, aZlevs mas saTanado rCevebs, kiTx-vis dasrulebis Semdeg usvams kiTxvebs da exmareba wakiTxu-lis gaazrebaSi.

mewyvileebi regularulad unda enacvlebodnen erTmaneTs. imisaTvis, rom klasi ar daiyos Zlier da sust moswavleebad, maswavlebeli unda Seecados, rom garkveuli drois Semdeg yvela moswavles mieces saSualeba, Seasrulos „mwvrTnelis“ roli.

aqtivoba „swavla mewyvilis daxmarebiT“ daaxloebiT 25-dan 35 wuTamde SeiZleba gagrZeldes, radgan is kiTxvis yvela etaps moicavs. Sedegis misaRebad misi ganxorcieleba dasaS-vebia kviraSi erTxel an orjer. moswavleTa wasaxaliseblad

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irina samsonia

SeiZleba dawesdes jildoebic „saukeTeso mwvrTnelisaTvis“ da „saukeTeso mkiTxvelisaTvis“.

aqtivoba: Semoklebuli abzaciwarmodgenili aqtivoba mewyvileebTan muSaobis, anu part-

nioruli kiTxvis meTodis erT-erTi saxeobaa. am dros wy-vilSi myofi moswavleebi rig-rigobiT kiTxuloben abzacebs. TiToeuli abzacis wakiTxvis SemdegCerdebian, ajameben mas da cdiloben erTi (an ori) winadadebiT gadmoscen misi mTa-vari saTqmeli. mewyvileebi usmenen erTmaneTs da, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, koreqtivebi SeaqvT, avseben an azusteben erTmane-Tis naTqvams. moswavlem daaxloebiT aT sityvaSi unda moax-erxos SerCeuli monakveTisa Tu abazacis Sejameba. sasurve-lia, Tu es aqtivoba gamoyenebul iqneba weriTi unar-Cvevebis gasaviTareblad da moswavleebi specialur cxrilSi Seitanen Semajamebel winadadebebs.

aqtivobis dagegmva:1. maswavlebeli qmnis moswavleTa wyvilebs zustad im prin-

cipiT, rogorc es wina aqtivobaSia aRwerili. TiToeuli moswavle rig-rigobiT asrulebs „mwvrTnelisa“ da „mkiTx-velis“ rols.

2. yvela moswavle iwyebs teqstis xmamaRla kiTxvas daaxloe-biT xuTi wuTis ganmavlobaSi. TiToeuli abzacis wakiTx-vis Semdeg igi Cerdeba da ajamebs wakiTxuls. orientiris misacemad maswavlebeli winaswar, aqtivobis dawyebamde miuTiTebs moswavleebs, raze unda gaamaxvilon yuradReba teqstis monakveTis Sesajameblad (magaliTad: ra aris am abzacis/monakveTis mTavari saTqmeli? visze an razea es abzaci/monakveTi? ra aris yvelaze mniSvnelovani, rac mas ukavSirdeba am monakveTSi?)

3. „mwvrTneli“ yuradRebiT usmens Tanaklasels da uzusto-bebis aRmoCenis SemTxvevaSi, usvams mas damatebiT kiTxvebs an sTxovs, xelaxla waikiTxos mocemuli abzaci (an wina-dadeba) da gaasworos Tavisi Secdoma.

4. moswavles specialur cxrilSi Seaqvs TiToeuli abzacis


57

Semajamebeli winadadebebi. bolos ki am Semajamebeli wina-dadebebis mixedviT weren mTliani teqstis Sejamebas.

gTavazobT cxrilis nimuSs:

abzaci # Sejameba

1

2

3

4

5

Sejameba:

aqtivoba: SesaZlo winadadebebi „SesaZlo winadadebebi“ aris kiTxvis wina etapze leqsikis

ganviTarebaze orientirebuli aqtivoba, romelic xels uw-yobs moswvleebSi dargobrivi sityvebisa da cnebebis codnis gaaqtiurebas.

kiTxvis dawyebamde maswavlebeli winaswar sTavazobs moswav-leebs wasakiTxi teqstidan amokrebili sityvebis mokle Ca-monaTvals, romelTa mixedviTac maT unda Seadginon winadade-bebi. kiTxvis dasrulebis Semdeg moswavleebi ubrundebian am winadadebebs da amowmeben, ramden sworad icodnen maT ama Tu im sityvis mniSvneloba da ramdenad adekvaturad gamoiyenes isini konteqstSi.

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irina samsonia

es aqtivoba Zalian sasargebloa im mxriv, rom igi moswav-leeb uRvivebs cnobismoyvareobas, gaigon ras niSnavs sinamd-vileSi esa Tu is specifikuri sityva Tu termini. Sesabamisad, isini interesiT kiTxuloben teqstsac.

aqtivobis dagegmva:1. sanam moswavleebi daiwyeben teqstis wakiTxvas, maswavle-

beli yvelasTvis dasanax adgilze akravs SerCeuli dargo-brivi sityvebis / cnebebis CamonaTvals;

2. maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, rom scadon am sityvebis mniSvnelobis amocnoba da, Tu SeZleben, daawyvilon msgav-si an erTmaneTTan Sinaarsobrivad dakavSirebuli sityvebi;

3. maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, individualurad an wy-vilebSi imuSaon da Seadginon winadadebebi am sityvebis gamoyenebiT. sasurvelia, Tu moswavleebi dawyvilebuli sityvebidan orives gamoyenebas SeZleben winadadebaSi;

4. amis Semdeg moswavleebi iwyeben teqstis kiTxvas, romlis drosac erTmaneTs adareben sakuTari winadadebebisa da teqstis Sinaarss;

5. Tu moswavleebis mier Sedgenili winadadebebi Seicavs Sinaar-sobriv uzustobebs, maswavlebeli sTxovs maT, gaasworon Ta-vianTi Secdomebi da xelaxla daweron winadadebebi;

6. moswavleebs SeuZliaT gauziaron erTmaneTs sakuTari wina-dadebebi teqstis wakiTxvamdec da mis Semdegac. teqtis wakiTxvis Semdeg amas SeiZleba TamaSis saxec mieces. magal-iTad, erTi waikiTxavs sakuTar winadadebas, xolo sxva moswavlem an moswavleTa jgufma unda amoicnos, ramdenad sworad aris masSi gamoyenebuli esa Tu is sityva an cneba. aqtivobis es nawili saSualebas miscems maswavlebels, Sea-fasos, ramdenad kargad gaiges moswavleeba wakiTxuli te-qsti da Sesabamisi leqsika.gTavazobT moswavleTa samuSao furclis nimuSs:instruqcia: waikiTxeT maswavleblis mier Camowerili

sityvebi. amoicaniT sityvebis mniSvneloba da daawyvileT erTmaneTTan mniSvnelobiT dakavSirebuli sityvebis. Camow-ereT sityvaTa es wyvilebi.


59

axla ki SeadgineT winadadebebi am sityvebis (an sityvaTa wyvilebis) gamoyenebiT.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

rodesac teqsts waikiTxavT, daubrundiT da gadaamowmeT Tqven mier SeTxzuli winadadebebi. SegiZliaT gaasworoT daS-vebuli Secdomebi da SecvaloT an axlidan daweroT winadade-bebi.

aqtivoba: xmamaRla fiqriam aqtivobis saSualebiT moswavle swavlobs sakuTari

fiqris procesze dakvirvebas teqstis kiTxvisas. amisaTvis moswavleebs winaswar acnoben kiTxvebs, romlebsac man pasuxi unda gasces kiTxvis dros da gamoavlinos, ramdenad kargad igebs, rasac kiTxulobs. droTa ganmavlobaSi, roca moswav-leebi sakmarisad auReben alRos am aqtivobas, maT saSualeba unda mieceT, Tavad moifiqron kiTxvebi da srulad marTon sakuTari kiTxvis procesi.

xmamaRla fiqri Zalian praqtikuli da sakmaod advilad Sesasrulebeli aqtivobaa. Tavdapirvelad maswavlebels Seu-Zlia aCvenos moswavleebs, ras niSnavs „xmamaRla fiqri“ kiTxvis procesSi da, amave dros, auxsnas rogor iqceva kargi mkiTx-veli: igi zogjer Tavidan kiTxulobs winadadebas informaciis

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irina samsonia

dasazusteblad, zogjer win garbis, raTa naTeli mohfinos manamde wakiTxuls, aseve, akvirdeba mTlian konteqsts da ase cdilobs imis wakiTxulis gagebas da a.S. xmamaRla fiqris dros moswavle kiTxulobs gacilebiT nela, rac aZlevs mas saSualebas gaiazros, kargad esmis Tu ara, rasac kiTxulobs.

aqtivobis mimdinareoba:maswavlebeli moswavleebs wasakiTxad sTavazobs teqsts da

damxmare kiTxvebs xmamaRla fiqrisTvis.imisaTvis, rom moswavleebma kargad gaigon, rogor unda

Seasrulon es davaleba, Tavdapirvelad maswavlebeli iwyebs teqstis xmamaRla kiTxvas, xolo moswavleebi mas Cumad kiTxu-loben. dro da dro maswavlebeli Cerdeba da pasuxobs winas-war SemuSavebul kiTxvebs.

magaliTisTvis gTavazobT ramdenime kiTxvis nimuSs:1. ra vici am Temis (sakiTxis) Sesaxeb?2. ra SeiZleba gavigo teqstidan am Temis (sakiTxis) Sesax-

eb?3. kargad gavige Tu ara, rac am wuTas wavikiTxe?4. kargad SemiZlia Tu ara warmovidgino gonebaSi, rac aq

weria?5. ra SemiZlia gavakeTo, rom es adgili ufro kargad gav-

igo?6. romeli iyo yvelaze mniSvnelovani adgili (adgilebi)

am teqstSi?7. ra gavige axali wakiTxulidan?8. rogor SemiZlia erTmaneTTan davakavSiro is, rac vi-

codi da is, rac axla gavige?

aqtivoba: ideaTa rukaes aqtivoba exmareba moswavles, vizualurad dainaxos da

aRiqvas sityvebs, frazebsa da sakiTxavi teqstis mTavar ideas Soris arsebuli mravalmxrivi kavSirebi. swored vizualizacia ganapirobebs imas, rom es meTodi gansakuTrebiT sasargebloa CamorCenili mkiTxvelebTan samuSaod, rac mraval qveyanaSi Ca-tarebuli kvlevebiT dasturdeba.


61

gTavazobT ideaTa rukis nimuSs:

aqtivobis dagegmva:1. Tuki maswavlebeli am aqtivobas kiTxvis procesSi gamoi-

yenebs, maSin igi mTliani teqstis an misi erTi monakveTis wakiTxvis Semdeg sTxovs moswavleebs, wakiTxuli mo-nakveTidan gamokveTon mTavari saTqmeli. imisaTvis, rom moswavleebma amis gakeTeba SeZlon, sasurvelia, rom mas-wavlebels garkveuli mosamzadebeli samuSao hqondes Ca-tarebuli pirdapiri swavlebisa da modelirebis gziT.

2. maswavlebeli sTavazobs moswavleebs Sesavsebad gamzade-buli ideaTa rukis nimuSs (an dafaze, an furclebze, romlebsac urigebs yvela moswavles) da sTxovs maT, centralur rgolSi Caweron teqstis an misi monakveTis mTavari saTqmeli (idea), garSemo ganlagebul rgolebSi ki - a) teqstidan amoiweron faqtebi an mosazrebebi, rom-lebic amyarebs mTavar saTqmels (ideas) an 2) sakuTari mosazrebebi, romlebic ukavSirdeba wakiTxuli teqstis an misi monakveTis mTavar saTqmels. muSaobis procesSi SesaZlebelia ideaTa rukaze rgolebis raodenobis gaz-

62

irina samsonia

rdac.3. Tuki maswavlebeli am aqtivobas kiTxvis wina etapze

gamoiyenebs, maSin centraluri ideis garSemo moswavlee-bi Caweren imas, ra codnasac (informacias) floben war-modgenili sakiTxis Tu Temis Sesaxeb. kiTxvis procesSi ki isini miubrundebian rukas da gadaaxaliseben mas axal-axali informaciiT.

4. maswavlebels SeuZlia ideaTa ruka gamoiyenos, rogorc wakiTxuli teqstis Sejamebis saSualebac.

aqtivoba: ormagi Canawerebiormagi Canawerebis furceli saSualebas aZlevs moswav-

leebs, Caiweron yvela is mosazreba da STabeWdileba, romel-ic maT kiTxvis procesSi ebadebaT. isini amoiweren teqsti-dan iseT frazebs da winadadebebs, romlebmac yvelaze metad daainteresa isini da yvelaze didi STabeWdileba moaxdina maTze, xolo gaswvriv miuweren sakuTar damokidebulebebsa da mosazrebebs. am meTodis mizania, sakuTari fiqrebis, mosazre-bebisa da STabeWdilebebis Tavisuflad gamoxatvis gziT xeli Seuwyos moswavles, aqtiurad iazrovnos kiTxvis procesSi da dakvirvebiT waikiTxos teqsti.

aqtivoba „ormagi Canawerebis furceli“ xels uwyobs wak-iTxulis gaazrebas, leqsikis gagebasa da teqstis Sinaar-sis, masSi gadmocemuli informaciis kargad damaxsovrebas, agreTve, weris unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebasac.

aqtivobis dagegmva:1. maswavlebeli moswavleebs avalebs SerCeuli teqstis

wakiTxvas da aZlevs instruqcia, rogor Seavson ormagi Canawerebis furceli: moswavleebs Sinaarsobrivad das-rulebuli nebismieri monakveTis wakiTxvis Semdeg, maT-Tvis sasurvel adgilas SeuZliaT droebiT Sewyviton kiTxva da gaakeTon Canawerebi;

2. moswavleebi Canawerebis fuclis marcxena mxares amoi-weren teqstidan maTTvis yvelaze mniSvnelovan frazas an winadadebas, xolo mis gaswvriv, marjvena svetSi gad-


63

moscemen am konkretuli frazis / winadadebis mimarT sa-kuTar damokidebulebas, mosazrebas Tu misiT gamowveul STabeWdilebas. moswavles SeuZlia gaakeTos mokle ko-mentari, dasvas kiTxva an Tundac gaaanalizos mis mier SerCeuli winadadeba an fraza;

3. aqtivobis daskvniT nawilSi, sasurvelia, Tu moswavleebi gauziareben erTmaneTs sakuTar Canawerebs.

gTavazobT ormagi Canawerebis furclis nimuSs:

# ra weria teqstSi ras vfiqrob me

1

2

3

4

5

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irina samsonia

aqtivoba: gamokiTxvis furceli„gamokiTxvis furceli“ aris aqtivoba, romelic saSuale-

bas aZlevs moswavleebs, daxelovndnen raime Temis/sakiTxis garSemo saintereso da Sinaarsiani kiTxvebis mofiqrebasa da werilobiT CamoyalibebaSi. moswavleebi axerxeben sakuTari winare codnisa da sxvadasxva wyarodan miRebul damatebiTi informaciis integrirebas. es aqtivoba sami etapisagan Sedge-ba. es etapebia: 1) dagegmva; 2) interaqcia da 3) integrireba / Sefaseba.

es aqtivoba sagrZnoblad aviTarebs kritikuli azrovnebisa da kiTxvis sxvadasxva unars. misi gamoyeneba SeiZleba mTel klasTan, mcire jgufebTan da individualuri muSaobisTvis. gamokiTxvis furceli kargi saSualebaa maswavleblisTvis, Seafasos, ramdenad amomwuravad gaigo da gaiazra TiToeulma moswavlem esa Tu is Tema an sakiTxi.

aqtivobis dagegmva:moswavleebi muSaobas iwyeben dagegmvis etapiT, romelsac

uZRveba maswavlebeli. es etapi moicavs Semdeg nabijebs:1. Temis / sakiTxis SerCeva;2. kiTxvebis Camoyalibeba;3. gamokiTxvis furclis Sedgena;4. masalis Segroveba.momdevno etapia interaqcia, romelic moicavs Semdegs:1. winare (arsebuli) codnis aqtivacia;2. saintereso / mniSvnelovani faqtebis gaziareba;3. kiTxva informaciis moZiebis mizniT.aqtivobis bolo, integrirebisa da Sefasebis etaps ki kvlav

maswavlebeli uZRveba. es etapi moicavs Semdeg operaciebs:1. Sejameba;2. Sedareba;3. gamokvleva;4. angariSis momzadeba.


65

gTavazobT gamokiTxvis furclis nimuSs:saxeli _______________________________________

Tema/sakiTxi ____________________________________

kiTxva 1 kiTxva 2 kiTxva 3 kiTxva 4saintereso

faqtebiaxali

kiTxvebi

viciT, rom....

wyaro 1

wyaro 2

wyaro 3

Sejame-ba

rogorc vxedavT, kiTxvebi iwereba cxrilis pirvel hori-zontalur svetSi moTavsebul ujrebSi (kiTxva 1, kiTxva 2...), meore svetSi ki, TiToeuli kiTxvis qveS iwereba is informa-cia, romelic moswavleebs ukve hqondaT SeCeuli Temis/sak-iTxis Sesaxeb. maT qveS ki miniSnebulia sxvadasxva wyarodan miRebuli damatebiTi informacia. sul bolo rigSi ki moswav-leebs SeuZlia Tavi mouyaron mTlian svetSi Camoweril yvela informacias da Seajamon igi. Tuki TiToeuli svetis sxvadasx-va ujrebSi mocemuli informacia ewinaaRmdegeba erTmaneTs, an ar CaiTvleba sakmarisad, moswavleebs saSualeba eZlevaT, moifiqron da dasvan axali, damatebiTi kiTxvebi am xarvezebis aRmosafxvrelad.

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irina samsonia

aqtivoba: yvelaze mniSvnelovanies aqtivoba efuZneba TanamSromlobiT swavlis princips,

roca moswavleebi aqtiurad exmarebian erTmaneTs wakiTxulis gaazrebaSi. amitom, sasurvelia, rom maswavlebelma jgufebi daakompleqtos ise, rom masSi gaerTiandnen rogorc warmate-buli, ise SedarebiT susti mkiTxvelebic. jgufis TiToeul wevrs ekisreba misia, rom gaxdes wasakiTxi teqstis erTi rome-lime monakveTis „eqsperti“ da Semdeg „aswavlos“ igi jgufis danarCen wevrebs.

es aqtivoba xels uwyobs kritikuli azrovnebisa da so-cialuri unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas moswavleebSi. maT saSu-aleba eZlevaT, iswavlon jgufuri muSaoba, TanamSromloba, aiRon sakuTar Tavze pasuxismgebloba, aswavlon da daexmaron sxvas. Sesabamisad, am tipis aqtivobebi sagrZnoblad aviTarebs zepirmetyvelebis (mosmenis), efeqturi komunikaciisa da problemis gadawyvetis unar-Cvevebs.

aqtivobis dagegmva:1. maswavlebeli akompleqtebs 3-5 moswavlisagan Semdgar

jgufebs, romlebSic gaerTianebulia kiTxvaSi sxvadasxva doneze myofi moswavleebi;

2. maswavlebeli moswavleebs avalebs dasamuSaveblad Ser-Ceuli teqstis wakiTxvas;

3. maswavlebeli arCevs sakiTxebs/TemebssakiTxavi masalidan da jgufis TiToeul wevrs urigebs dasamuSaveblad;

4. paralelurad iqmneba „eqspertTa jgufebi“, romlebSic erTiandebian is moswavleebi sxvadasxva jgufebidan, rom-lebsac erTi da igive sakiTxi/Tema aqvT dasamuSavebeli.

5. aqtivobis mimdinareoba winaswar unda gaiweros da mas-wavlebelma sxvadasxva jgufSi samuSaod konkretuli dro unda gamouyos moswavleebs. agreTve, sasurvelia, Tu maT winaswar eqnebaT gamzadebuli samuSao furcleb-is Sablonic;

6. maswavleblis daxmarebiT „eqspertTa jgufebi“ dasam-uSavebeli sakiTxis/Temis safuZvelze gamoyofen sakvanZo sakiTxebs da imuSaveben maT Sesaxeb saWiro informaciis


67

moZiebasa da damuSavebaze;7. sasurvelia, rom „eqspertTa jgufebs“ damatebiTi in-

formaciis mosaZieblad maqsimalurad mravalferovani resursebis gamoyeneba SeZlon, raTa kargad da amomwura-vad Seiswavlon esa Tu is sakiTxi;

8. amis Semdeg „eqspertTa jgufebis“ wevrebi ubrundebian TavianT jgufebs da mocemuli sakiTxis/Temis Sesaxeb mopovebul informacias awvdian Tanajgufelebs. es pro-cedurac winaswar unda gaweros maswavlebelma, raTa Ti-Toeul moswavles Tanabrad mieces sakuTari namuSevris prezentaciis saSualeba da, amave dros, ar dairRves te-qstis Sinaarsi;

9. sxvadasxva „eqspertis“ mier mowodebuli informaciis Sesagroveblad da Sesajameblad sasurvelia grafikuli maorganizeblis winaswar momzadebac da darigeba Ti-Toeuli moswavlisTvis;

10. moswavleebma unda icodnen, rom maT yuradRebiT unda mousminon erTmaneTs daiswavlon „eqspertebisgan“, rasac maswavlebeli aucileblad Seamowmebs.

SeniSvna: radgan es aqtivoba teqnikuri TvalsazrisiTi sak-maod kompleqsuria da mTel gakveTils moicavs, mniSvnelova-nia, rom maswavlebelma misi mimdinareobisas gamudmebiT adevnos Tvalyuri TiToeuli moswavlis muSaobas, mkacrad gaakontrolos reglamenti. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, maswavle-beli unda daexmaros kidec jgufebs masalis kargad da zedmi-wevniT gaazrebasa da yvela mniSvnelovani sakiTxis gamokveTa-Si.

sasurvelia, jgufis TiToeulma „eqspertma“ wevrma Seavs-os winaswar gamzadebuli cxrili (grafikuli maorganizebe-li), romelSic Tavs mouyris da Seajamebs mTel informacias. es, erTi mxriv, xels Seuwyobs informaciis daxarisxebisa da Sejamebis unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebas moswavleebSi, meore mxriv ki, saSualebas miscems maswavlebels, Seafasos rogorc jgufebis, ise TiToeuli moswavlis muSaoba.

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irina samsonia

gTavazobT grafikuli maorganizeblis nimuSs:Tema/sakiTxi ___________________________________

instruqcia: teqstis wakiTxvisa da TanajgufelebTan ganx-ilvis Semdeg CamowereT yvela mniSvnelovani faqti, romelic SerCeul Temas ukavSirdeba. rodesac Tqven gaxdebiT „eqsper-ti“ am sakiTxSi, Tqven SeZlebT gauziaroT Tqveni namuSevari Tqvens megobrebs, xolo isini gagiziareben sakuTars.

mniSvnelovani informacia:

1.

2.

3.

Sejameba:

damatebiTi faqtebi:


69

aqtivoba: kiTxva wyvilebSi es aris meTodi, rodesac moswavleebi TanamSromlobisa

da urTierTdaxmarebis gziT cdiloben gaaumjobeson rogorc sakuTari, ise TavianTi Tanaklaselebis miRwevebi kiTxvaSi. cnobilia, rom am dros moswavleebi ufro gabedulad da meti mondomebiT kiTxuloben Tundac maTTvis rTulad gasageb te-qstebs da cdiloben am sirTuleebis daZlevas. mTavaria, mas-wavlebelma winaswar saTanadod dagegmos aqtivobis mimdin-areoba da uzrunvelyos TanamSromlobiTi garemo moswavleebs Soris.

maswavlebeli awyvilebs moswavleebs. imisaTvis, rom es aqtivoba ganskuTrebiT sasargeblo da Sedegismomtani iyos kiTxvaSi CamorCenili moswavleebisTvis, sasurvelia, rom maswavlebelma yvela aseT moswavles SedarebiT gawafuli mkiTxveli SeurCios mewyviled. sakiTxav masalad SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnas nebismieri saxis teqsti (sainformacio da mxatvruli teqstebi - moTxrobebi, leqsebi, zRaprebi da a.S.).

es aqtivoba aviTarebs ara mxolod kiTxvis, aramed zepirme-tyvelebis (mosmenisa da laparakis) unarebsac. amasTanave, xels uwyobs moswavleebSi socialuri komunikaciisa da urTierTan-amSromlobis unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebas.

aqtivobis dagegmva:1. aucilebelia, rom maswavlebelma winaswar gaacnos moswav-

leebs, ras isaxavs miznad wyvilebSi kiTxva, Semdeg ki maTTan erTad gansazRvros, rogor unda imuSaon erTad. magaliTad, moswavleebs SeuZliaT Semdegnairad dagegmon erToblivi kiTxva: a) xmamaRla erTad waikiTxon teqstis romelime monakveTi, Semdeg - cal-calke da mas Semdeg, rac SedarebiT susti moswavle miiRebs magaliTs Tavisi warmatebuli Tanaklaselisagan, isev erTad waikiTxon igive monakveTi; b) moswavleebs SeuZliaT gainawilon teqsti da rigrigobiT waukiTxon erTmaneTs sxvadasxva monakveTi. erToblivi kiTxvis es formac modelirebis princips efuZneba; g) SesaZlebelia mTeli teqsti wai-kiTxos mxolod erTma - waramtebulma mkiTxvelma, xolo

70

irina samsonia

SedarebiT sustma moswvlem yuradRebiT mousmonos mas, Tan Tvali adevnos teqsts.

2. maswavlebelma winaswar unda misces rekomendaciebi moswavleebs, rogor miuTiTonerTmaneTs Secdomebze (magaliTad, romeli sityva waikiTxes arasworad, an gamo-toves, sad ar gamoiyenes modalobis Sesaferisi intona-cia an ar daicves pauza sasven niSanTan da a.S.) da ro-gor aswavlon am Secdomebisa Tu xarvezebis gamosworeba (magaliTad, sTxovos mewyviles, SeCerdes da Tavidan waikiTxos romelime sityva an fraza, an TviTon uCvenos swori wakiTxvis magaliTi da Semdeg xelaxla waakiTxos igive monakveTi mewyviles).

3. aqtivobis dasrulebis Semdeg, sasurvelia, rom maswav-lebelma sTxovos moswavleebs, Seajamon TavianTi erTo-blivi kiTxva, imsjelon, Seafason erTmaneTi, ra xarve-zebi aRmouCines mewyviles da rogor Seecadnen maT gamosworebas, ra iswavles TavianTi mewyvilisagan da a.S.

aqtivoba: mTavari, naklebad mTavari da meorex-arisxovani

kiTxvis unaris gasaviTareblad umniSvnelovanesia, rom mkiTxvels SeeZlos ara mxolod teqstSi mocemuli infor-maciis gageba, aramed misi organizeba da kategorizaciac. am aqtivobis mizani swored is aris, rom daexmaros moswavles, Se-Zlos wakiTxuli teqstidan miRebuli informaciis daxarisx-eba. vizualizacia, anu grafikuli maorganizeblis gamoyeneba gansakuTrebiT uwyobs xels am unar-Cvevis swrafad da iolad dauflebas.

am aqtivobis gamoyenebiT moswavleebi iswavlian, rogor ganasxvavon erTmaneTisagan mTavari da meorexarsixovani (damxmare detalebi) teqstis kiTxvis dros da misi dasrulebis Semdgom.

aqtivobis dagegmva:1. maswavlebeli sTavazobs moswavleebs wasakiTx teqsts,

acnobs maT aqtivobis mizans da magaliTis safuZvelze uxsnis,


71

ra principiT unda daaxarisxon informacia. aseTi magaliTia:kategoria 1. cxovelebi:• kategoria 2. ZaRlebi:o kategoria 3. kavkasiuri nagazio kategoria 3. labradori

• kategoria 2. katebi:o kategoria 3. siamis katao kategoria 3. sparsuli kata2. rodesac maswavlebeli darwmundeba, rom moswavleebma

kargad gaiges informaciis kategorizaciis principi, mas Seu-Zlia daavalos moswavleebs, amokribon teqtidan 1-li katego-riis informacia.

3. amis Semdeg isini iwyeben qvekategoriebze (2, 3, 4 da a.S.) muSaobas. pirvel etapze, sasurvelia, rom muSaoba warimarTos mTel klasTan erTad da TiToeuli kategoriisTvis SerCeuli informacia (detali) erToblivad iqnas ganxiluli.

4. amis Semdeg moswavleebi avseben winaswar gamzadebul grafikul maorganizebels.

gTavazobT grafikuli maorganizeblis nimuSs:

instruqcia: SeavseT cxrili. daiwyeT mTavari, pirvelx-arisxovani informaciiT da miuwereT gaswvriv I kategorias, xolo informacia, romelic avsebs (azustebs) mas, - miuwereT II kategorias, misi damxmare detali ki - III kategorias da a.S.

I kategoria: mTavari sakiTxi (Tema)II kategoria: informacia (detali), romelic avsebs I kat-

egorias III kategoria: informacia (detali), romelic avsebs II

kategoriasIVkategoria: informacia (detali), romelic avsebs III

kategorias

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irina samsonia

aqtivoba: kiTxvis gzamkvlevikiTxvis gzamkvlevi exmareba moswavleebs maTTvis Sedar-

ebiT rTuli, upiratesad, dargobrivi teqstebis wakiTxvaSi, romelTa damoukideblad gagebac SeiZleba gauWirdeT. kiTx-vis procesSi moswavleebi xelmZRvaneloben maswavleblis mier winaswar Sedgenili gzamkvleviT, romelic erTgvari orienti-ris rols asrulebs da daxmarebas uwevs maT ZiriTadi sakiTx-ebis gamokveTasa da gagebaSi, aseve informaciis organizebaSi.

es aqtivoba SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas rogorc mTel klasTan, ise mcire jgufebTan da calkeul moswavleebTan muSaobisas.

aqtivobis dagegmva:1. maswavlebeli SerCeuli sakiTxavi masalis mixedviT ad-

gens kiTxvis gzamkvlevs, romelSic gamokveTs teqstis yvelaze mniSvnelovan, yuradsaReb faqtebsa da naklebad mniSvnelovan detalebs. SesaZlebelia kiTxvis sxvadasxva doneze myofi moswavleebisTvis maswavlebelma SeimuSaos gzamkvlevis sxvadasxva versia.

2. maswavlebeli urigebs moswavleebze kiTxvis gzamkvlev-ebs da sTxovs maT, kiTxvis procesSi Seavson igi. sas-urvelia, rom aqtivobis sawyis etapze maswavlebeli

I kategoria

II kategoria


73

gauZRves moswavleTa kiTxvis process da daexmaros maT gzamkvlevebTan muSaobaSi.

gTavazobT kiTxvis gzamkvlevis nimuSs, romelic is-toriul Temaze Seqmnil teqsts ukavSirdeba:

• ra aris teqstis mTavari Tema / ras exeba teqsti? ..

.................................................................................................

• ra aris avtoris mizani? ............................................

• avtori saubrobs gansxvavebaze (an msgavsebaze)

............................. da ............................. Soris.

• romel wlebSi moxda yvelaze mniSvnelovani isto-

riuli movlenebi? .................................................................

• yvelaze mniSvnelovani saqme, romelic

........................... gaakeTa, iyo .............................................

• avtoris damokidebuleba ............................ mimarT

aris .........................................................................................

• Cemi damokidebuleba .............................. mimarT aris

................................................................................................• am teqstidan viswavle/gavige, rom .........................

.................................................................................................

• am teqstSi aRweril movlenas Sevadarebdi .............

.................................................................................................

aqtivoba: ormxrivi swavlebaormxrivi swavleba gulisxmobs imas, rom moswavles eZleva

SesaZlebloba maswavleblis roli Seasrulos da Tavad gauZ-Rves diskusias wakiTxuli garSemo. es meTodi efuZneba kiTxvis Semdeg oTx startegias: varaudebis gamoTqma, kiTxvebis gener-ireba, informaciis dazusteba da Sejameba. es aqtivoba didad uwyobs xels wakiTxulis gageba-gaazrebas, radgan moswavleebi kiTxvis procesSi mravalmxrivad amuSaveben teqsts: axarisxe-beninformacias, amoicnoben mTavar Temas/saTqmels, amuSaveben leqsikas, msjeloben da ajameben wakiTxuls.

74

irina samsonia

aqtivobis dagegmva:1. maswavlebeli SearCevs sakiTxav masalas da yofs mas

mcire monakveTebad;2. amis Semdeg maswavlebeli yofs klass jgufebad, romleb-

Sic gaerTianebulni arian sxvadaxva donis mkiTxvelebi. erT-erTi moswavle iniSneba „maswavleblad“. igi pasux-ismgebelia, rom misma jgufma imuSaos zemoT CamoTvlil oTxive strategiaze.

3. „maswavlebeli“ ukiTxavs Tavis jgufs teqstis nawils da uZRveba ormxrivi swavlebis aqtivobas.

gTavazobT ormxrivi swavlebis models:1. varaudebis gamoTqma.a) hkiTxeT moswavleebs, maTi azriT, ras SeiZleba exebodes

wasakiTxi teqsti. sTxoveT maT, dafiqrdnen, rogor SeiZleba ganviTardes movlenebi. ecadeT, dasvaT bevri kiTxva, raTa daazustoT yvela detali maTi warmodgenebis Sesaxeb.

2. kiTxvebis generireba.a) SeaxseneT Tqvens jgufs, rom mosmenisa da kiTxvis pro-

cesSi maT unda moifiqron da Camoayalibon kiTxvebi teqstis wakiTxuli monakveTis Sesaxeb. sTxoveT maT, dasvan sami tipis SekiTxvebi. esenia:

I. gagebaze orientirebuli (romlis pasuxic pirdapir aris teqstSi mocemuli);

II. gaazrebaze orientirebuli (romelze pasuxis gacema moiTxovs implicituri, anu qveteqsturi informaciis gage-bas, aseve daskvnebis gamoatanas;III. analizsa da kritikul azrovnebaze orientirebuli

kiTxvebi (romlebic moiTxovs sakuTari azris, damokide-bulebis gadmocemas, teqstis Sefasebas).

3. dazusteba.a) SeaxseneT Tqvens jgufs, rom mosmenisa da kiTxvis pro-

cesSi dausvan kiTxvebi sakuTar Tavs, Tu romeli sityvis mniS-vneloba an fraza ver gaiges, an gauCndaT eWvi, rom arasworad


75

gaiges. es kiTxvebi da mosazrebebi daaxloebiT aseTi Sinaarsis SeiZleba iyos:

I. ras SeiZleba niSnavdes es sityva / fraza?II. raze saubrobda avtori wina winadadebaSi? momdevno

winadadebaSi?III. Cemi azriT, es sityva unda niSnavdes / es fraza unda

gulisxmobdes...............IV. Cemi azriT, avtors aq surs gviTxras.................

4. Sejameba.a) sTxoveT moswavleebs, rom kiTxvis procesSi Seajamon

teqstis TiToeuli nawili. kiTxvis dasrulebisas sTxoveT Tqvens jgufs, rom jer zepirad Seajamon mTliani teqsti, Tqven ki Tavi mouyareT maT naazrevs, CaiwereT da waukiTxeT maT saboloo versia. teqstis nawilebisa da mTliani teqstis Sesajameblad maT SeuZliaT gamoiyenon „Semoklebuli abza-cis“ meTodi (ix. gv.....)

aqtivoba: SerCeviTi moniSvnaes aqtivoba exmareba moswavles wakiTxulis organizebaSi.

isini axarisxeben informacias da gamokveTen yvelaze mniS-vnelovan faqtebsa da movlenebs. moswavleebs evalebaT, moniS-non (markeriT an xazi gausvan) mxolod da mxolod sakvanZo sityvebi da frazebi, romlebic aucilebelia teqstis gasage-bad. es aqtivoba sakmaod moqnilia im TvalsazrisiT, rom misi gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia gansxvavebuli saxisa da sirTulis teqstebis dasamuSaveblad, agreTve, sxvadasxva saswvlo miznis misaRwevad (magaliTad, leqsikaze samuSaod an teqstSi Ziri-Tadi da meorexarisxovani faqtebisa Tu ideebis dasaxarisx-eblad).

aqtivobis dagegmva:1. maswavlebeli sTavazobs moswavleebs sakiTxav masalas da

uxsnis aqtivobis mimdinareobas;2. moswavleebi kiTxuloben teqsts Tavidan bolomde;

76

irina samsonia

3. maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, Tavidan waikiTxon teqsti da moniSnon mxolod yvelaze mniSvnelovani adg-ilebi (sadac ZiriTadi ideaa gadmocemuli) da sakvanZo sityvebi an frazebi (da ara mTliani winadadebebi);

4. amis Semdeg moswavleebi sxva feris markeriT an fanqriT moniSnaven iseT adgilebs (an sityvebsa da frazebs), rom-lebic ZiriTadi ideis gagebaSi exmareba mkiTxvels;

5. sasurvelia, Tu aqtivoba ganawildeba jgufebSi. muSaobis dasrulebis Semdeg ki jgufebi gauziareben erTmaneTs sakuTar mosazrebebs, gaimarTeba diskusia, ris Semdegac maT miecemaT saSualeba, Seitanon Sesworebebi sakuTar namuSevrebSi;

6. aqtivobis dasasruls moswavleebi zepirad Seajameben, ra aris mTavari teqstSi da ra exmareba mkiTxvels mis gage-baSi. Sejamebas SeiZleba werilobiTi saxec mieces.

aqtivoba: semantikuri kavSirebies aqtivoba wakiTxulis gagebasa da gaazrebas uwyobs xels.

moswavleebi erTmaneTTan azrobrivad akavSireben sityvebsa da teqstSi mocemul Sesabamis informacias. misi saSualebiT moswavleebi igeben sityvebis mniSvnelobas da ajgufeben maT logikuri niSnis mixedviT. am aqtivobisTvis gamoiyeneba mat-rica, romelsac moswavleebi jer avseben, xolo Semdeg - aana-lizeben. amgvari vizualizacia exmareba maT, mkafiod dainaxon kavSirebi teqstis sxvadasxva nawilSi gadmocemul informa-cias Soris, amave dros, ukeT gaiazron da daimaxsovron es informacia.

maswavlebelma es aqtivoba SeiZleba gamoiyenos rogorc mTel klasTan, ise mcire jgufebTan da calkeul moswav-leebTan samuSaod. matricis wyalobiT mas SeuZlia srulyo-fili informacia miiRos, Tu ramdenad kargad gaiges da gaiaz-res moswavleebma wakiTxuli teqsti, Seafasos isini da amis mixedviT dagegmos saswavlo procesi.


77

gTavazobT semantikuri matricis nimuSebs:nimuSi 1:

farnavaz mefe

Tamar mefe

daviT aR-maSenebeli

demetre Tavdade-

buli

erTiani saqarT-velos mefe + + + +

gaatara reforme-bi + + + -

gaaerTaiana saqa-rTvelo + - + -

Seipyres da mokles mtrebma - - - +

mefobda 30 welze met xans + - + -

78

irina samsonia

nimuSi 2:

mefeprezi-denti

impera-tori

ministri

moRvaweobs monar-qiul saxelmwi-foebSi + -/+ + -

moRvaweobs de-mokratiul sax-elmwifoebSi -/+ + - +

irCevs qveynis mo-saxleoba

- + - -

SesaZlebelia misi xelaxla arCeva

- + - -

aqvs sruli Zalau-fleba

+ - + -

ganagebs imperias

-/+ - + -

niSnavs qveynis mTavroba

- - - +

aqtivobis dagegmva:1. maswavlebelis SearCevs teqsts da winaswar amzadebs

semantikur matricas. igi amokrebs teqstidan sakvanZo


79

sityvebs da ZiriTad sakiTxebs, romlebic azrobrivad erTmaneTTan aris dakavSirebuli. momavalSi, rodesac moswavleebi iswavlian aseT matricaze muSaobas, isini TviTon SeZleben amis gakeTebas.

2. moswavleebi yuradRebiT kiTxuloben teqsts;3. kiTxvis dasrulebis Semdeg isini weren +, - an -/+ niSnebs

imis mixedviT, ramdenad Seesabameba sityvebi cxrilis marcxena svetSi mocemul informacias;

4. muSaobis dasrulebis Semdeg, sasurvelia, moswavleebma gauziaron erTmaneTs sakuTari namuSevrebi, ganixilon gansxvavebuli pasuxebi, gaasworon Secdomebi da Semdeg Seajamon, ra iswavles wakiTxuli teqstidan.

aqtivoba: ambis rukamaswavleblebi am aqtivobas iyeneben imisaTvis, rom moswav-

leebs gauadvilon rogorc mxatvruli, ise aramxatvruli naratiuli teqstebis struqturis aRqma da, Sesabamisad, daex-maron mis ukeT gaazrebaSi. am aqtivobaSi CarTulia grafikuli maorganizebeli, risi saSualebiTac moswavle iolad axerxebs teqstis yvela ZiriTadi (mniSvnelovani) detalis organizebas. am dros moswavleebi yuradRebas amaxvileben teqstis mTavar Temaze, personaJebze, moqmedebis adgilsa da movlenaTa Tan-amimdevrobaze da am yvelafers Tavs uyrian gonebaSi.

maswavlebelma es aqtivoba SeiZleba gamoiyenos rogorc mTel klasTan, ise mcire jgufebTan da calkeul moswavleebT-an samuSaod. igi Tanabrad sasargebloa yvela moswavlisaTvis, gansakuTrebiT ki maTTvis, visac uWirs teqstis mTlianobaSi aRqma. vizualizacia, anu grafikuli maorganizeblebis gamoy-eneba swored saukeTeso saSualebaa aseTi moswavleebis dasax-mareblad.

ativobis dagegmva:• maswavlebeli SearCevs sakiTxav masalas da masze dafuZne-

biT Camowers ZiriTad detalebs, romlebzec, misi azriT, moswavleebma aucileblad unda gaamaxvilon yuradReba. gTavazobT im ZiriTadi detalebis sanimuSo CamonaTvals,

80

irina samsonia

romlebic gamoiyeneba ambis rukis Sesavsebad:

personaJebi • CamoTvaleT moqmedi gmirebi• daasaxeleT mTavari gmiri / gmirebi• daasaxeleT meorexarisxovani per-

sonaJebi

moqmedebis adgili da dro • dawereT, rodis moxda es ambavi• CamowereT is adgilebi, sadac xde-

ba moqmedeba

Sinaarsi (siuJeti) • problema: daasaxeleT mizezi, ratom moxda es ambavi (ram gamoi-wvia aRwerili movlenebi), anu ra problemaa dasmuli teqstSi.

• movlenebi: dawereT movlenaTa ganviTarebis ZiriTadi etapebi

• Sedegi: dawereT, rogor gadawyda teqstSi dasmuli problema / iqna Tu ara miRweuli mizani

Tema • dawereT, ra aris am teqstis mTa-vari Tema / ra aris am teqtSi yvelaze mniSvnelovani / ra aris av-toris mTavari saTqmeli / ra aris nawarmoebis morali

moswavleebs SeuZliaT monawileoba miiRon teqstis Ziri-Tadi detalebis identificirebaSi, Seavson CamonaTvali da-matebiTi detalebiT an sulac Seitanon cxrilSi axali kat-egoriebi.

1. moswavleebi kiTxuloben mTlian teqsts da mxolod amis Semdeg iwyeben maswavleblis mier gamzadebuli ambis rukis Sevsebas;

2. muSaobis dasrulebis semdeg, sasurvelia, namuSevrebis klasSi ganxilva da diskusiis mowyoba.

3. gTavazobT ambis rukis nimuSs:


81

saTauri

moqmedebis adgili da dro

sad?

rodis?

mTavari gmirebi

sxva personaJebi

problema

problema

movlena 1 movlena 2 movlena 3

82

irina samsonia

aqtivoba: SQ3R (gadaxedva - kiTxvebis dasma - wakiTxva - gameoreba - ganxilva)

xSirad mozardebi ise amTavreben teqstis wakiTxvas, rom warmodgenac SeiZleba ar hqondeT, ra weria masSi. aseTi moswavleebisTvis gansakuTrebiT sasargebloa am aqtivobis gamoiyeneba, radgan igi ubiZgebs maT aqtiuri fiqrisken kiTx-vis procesSi da exmareba wakiTxulis gaazrebaSi. aqtivoba „SQ3R“moicavs Semdeg xuT etaps:

• gadaxedva: kiTxvis dawyebamde moswavle Tvals gadaav-lebs teqsts da mis Sesaxeb iRebs garkveul informacias, magaliTad, gamuqebuli (gamokveTilad dabeWdili) sakvan-Zo sityvebis an frazebis, qvesaTaurebis, ilustraciebis, TandarTuli cxrilebis da a.S. meSveobiT.

• kiTxvebis dasma: gadaxedvis safuZvelze moswavles uCnde-ba kiTxvebi wasakiTxi teqstis Sesaxeb. moswavlem unda Camoayalibos da Caiweros es kiTxvebi.

• wakiTxva: rodesac moswavle iwyebs teqstis kiTxvas, is unda ecados, ipovos pasuxebi mis mier winaswar dasmul kiTxvebze. pasuxebis Zieba daexmareba mas, meti yuradRe-biT waikiTxos teqsti.

• gameoreba: kiTxvis procesSi moswavleebi imeoreben maT mier dasmul kiTxvebs da xmamaRla scemen maT pasuxebs. isini Caiweren am pasuxebs, raTa SemdgomSi Seavson da daazuston isini.

• ganxilva: kiTxvis dasrulebis Semdeg moswavleebi ganix-ilaven wakiTxul teqsts, kvlav ubrundebian maT mier dasmul kiTxvebs da cdiloben daazuston da Seavson pasuxebi.

es aqtivoba gansakuTrebiT mosaxerxebelia mcire jgufebT-an da calkeul moswavleebTan samuSaod. igi maswavlebelma SeiZleba gamoiyenos rogorc saklaso, ise saSinao davalebad.

aqtivoba: teqstis struqturanebismieri teqstis kiTxvisas mniSvnelovania, rom moswav-

lem gaiazros misi struqtura, anu gaacnobieros, rogor aris organizebuli informacia, romelsac is gvawvdis. es erT-erTi


83

gadamwyveti faqtoria wakiTxulis srulfasovnad gaazrebi-sTvis.

aqtivobis mimdinareoba:1. maswavlebeli sTavazobs moswavleebs sakiTxav masalas,

xolo kiTxvis dawyebamde uxsnis maT, rom yovel teqstSi informacia garkveuli saxiT aris organizebuli, rasac teqstis struqturas uwodeben;

2. maswavlebeli moswavleebs acnobs teqstis struqturis yvelaze gavrcelebul tipebs. aseTebia, magaliTad:

• aRwera• movlenaTa Tanamimdevroba• mizezi da Sedegi • Sedareba-Sepirispireba• problema da misi gadawyvetateqstis sturuqturis swavlebisTvis, sasurvelia, rom mas-

wavlebelma Semdegi midgomebi gamoiyenos:1. maswavlebelma unda gaacnos moswavleebs teqstis yvela

zemoT CamoTvlili struqturis nimuSi;2. maswavlebelma unda misces moswavleebs saSualeba, daak-

virdnen specifikur sityvebsa da frazebs, romlebic damaxasiaTebelia sxvadasxva struqturis teqstebisaT-vis;

3. maswavlebelma modelirebis mizniT unda aCvenos moswav-leebs magaliTi, rogor iqmneba ama Tu im struqturis teqsti;

4. sasurvelia, Tu moswavleebi SeTavazebuli modelebis mixedviT, Tavad Seecdebian sxvadasxva struqturis mqone teqstebis Seqmnas.

gTavazobT cxrils, romelSic warmodgenilia teqstis struqturis yvelaze gavrcelebul tipebis aRweriloba, maT ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi da Sesabamisi grafikuli maorganize-blebis nimuSebi:

84

irina samsonia

stuqturis tipi

ZiriTadi maxa-siaTeblebi

specifikuri leqsika (sityve-bi da frazebi)

grafikuli maorganize-

beli

sanimuSo kiTx-vebi

aRwera avtori aRw-ers sagans an movlenas, CamoTvlis mis damaxasiaTeb-el niSnebs, mohyavs mag-aliTebi

- is aris...

- mas axasi-aTebs...

- is gamoiy-ureba...

- magaliTad, / rogoricaa, magaliTad...

- kerZod...

- vis (adamians) an ras (cxov-els, adgils, sagans, movle-nas an ideas) aRwers avtori?

- rogor gamoiy-ureba igi?

- ra Tvisebebi axasiaTebs mas?

- rogoria is? a.S.

movlenaTa Tanamimdev-roba

avtori garkveuli mimdevobiT (mag., qro-nologiuri Tanamimdevro-biT an numera-ciis mixedviT) CamoTvlis movlenebs da sagnebs.

- jer / pirve-lad Tavdapir-velad...

- amis Semdeg...

- dasasruls...

- sabolood...

1. _________

2. _________

3. _________

4. _________

- ra moxda pirvelad / jer?

- rogor daiwyo es ambavi?

ra moxda Sem-deg?

- ris mere ra moxda?

- ra mniS-vnelovani ambe-bi / movlenebia aRwerili?

- ris mere ra modis?

- ra moxda bolos?

ra moxda pirvelad?

Semdegimovlena

Semdegimovlena

Semdegimovlena

ra moxda bolos?


85

mizezi da Sedegi

avtori xsnis mizezSedego-briv kavSirebs movlenebs So-ris; aRwers/gadmogvcems faqts/movle-nas, romelsac Sedegad mohyveba sxva faqti/mov-lena.

- es imitom moxda, rom...

- amis mizezia...

- es gamowveu-lia...

- igi iwvevs....

- ris zegavle-niT

- Sedegad...

- aqedan gamom-dinare...

- Tu.... maSin...

- radgan / imi-tom, rom....

mizezebi - ra iyo amis mizezi?

- ratom moxda es?

- ra uZRoda amas win?

- ram gamoiwvia es?

- ra mohyva Sedegad / ra Sedegi mohyva amas?

- ra mniSvn-eloba hqonda am movlenas?

Sedareba-Sepirisp-ireba

avtori aRwers msgavsebasa da gansxvavebas or movle-nas, sagans, pirovnebas, Sexedulebas, ideas da a.S. Soris

- isini erTmane-Tisagan gansx-vavdebian imiT, rom...

- isini erTma-neTs hgvanan...

- maT saerTo aqvT...

- amis sapirispi-rod...

- amis msgavsad...

- erTi mxriv..., meore mxriv...

- igivea, rac / anu

- iseve, ro-gorc...

riTi gvanan erTmaneTs?

____________________

riTi gan-sxvavdebian

erTmaneTisa-gan?

- ras da ras adarebs avtori erTmaneTs?

- ratom adarebs avtori maT erTmaneTs? ra aqvT maT saerTo?

- ra niSniT ams-gavsebs avtori maT erTamenTs? / ra niSniT ganasxvavebs?

- ra saerTo niSan-Tvisebebi aqvT maT?

- ra ganax-vavebulli niSan-Tvisebebi aqvT maT? riTi gansxvavdeba es niSan-Tvisebebi erTmaneTisagan?

Sedegi

Sedegi

Sedegimizezi

msgavsi gansx-vavebuli

Sedegi

____________

____________

86

irina samsonia

aqtivoba: klasSi dasatovebeli baraTebi es aqtivoba sruldeba werilobiT. teqstis wakiTxvisa da

misi damuSavebis Semdeg, gakveTilis dasrulebamde daaxloe-biT10-15 wuTiT adre, moswavleebma unda Seavson maswavleblis mier momzadebuli specialuri baraTebi. es aqtivoba saSuale-bas aZlevs moswavleebs, srulad gamoavlinon TavianTi codna da gamoxaton TavianTi damokidebuleba wakiTxulis Sesaxeb. am gziT isini ixseneben da Tavs uyrian yvelafers, rac gaiges da iswavles gakveTilze da axerxeben, sistemaSi moiyvanon es codna. amasTanave, maswavleblisTvis Zalian mosaxerxebelia am meTodis gamoyeneba, radgan drois sakmaod mcire monakveTSi mas yvela moswavlis Sefasebis SesaZlebloba eZleva.

problema da misi gadawyveta

avtori svams problemas da gvTavazobs misi gadawyve-tis erT an met Sesa-Zlo gzas. avtori wyvets problemas da gvacnobs mis Sedegebs.

- problemaa is, rom...

- jer kidev ar aris pasuxi....

- arsebobs kiTx-va/kiTxvebi...

- unda gamoin-axos gza, rom...

- unda gakeTdes arCevani

- unda gadawydes es sakiTxi

- problema mogvarebulia

- ra problemaa wamoWrili te-qstSi?

- ratom war-moiSva es prob-lema? ra iyos amis mizezi?

- ra SesaZlo gzebi arsebobs / aris Semo-Tavazebuli mis gadasawyevtad?

- teqstis mixedviT, rome-lia problemis gadawyvetis saukeTeso gza?

problema

problema

problema

problema

Sedegi

gadawyveta


87

gTavazobT baraTebis nimuSebs:

dawere, ra gaige dRevandel gakveTilze._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________saxeli _____________________________________________

Seafase, ramdenad kargad gaige masala. dauwere saku-Tar Tavs qula 1-dan 10-mde. rogor fiqrob, ra unda gaakeTo imisaTvis, rom ukeT gaigo igi?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________saxeli _____________________________________________

dawere, raSi gamoiyeneb am codnas.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ saxeli ______________________________________________

88

irina samsonia

daasaxele erTi sakiTxi mainc, romlis Sesaxeb metis gagebas isurvebdi.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________saxeli ______________________________________________

dawere, ra ver gaige dRevandel gakveTilze._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________saxeli ______________________________________________

dawere, dRes naswavlidan ram dagainteresa yvelaze metad._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________saxeli ______________________________________________


89

maswavlebels SeuZlia damatebiT daarigos carieli baraTebic, romlebsac moswavleebi sakuTari Sexeduleb-isamebr gaaformeben. am baraTebidan miRebuli infor-macia SesaZleblobas aZlevs maswavlebels, Sesabamisad dagegmos Semdgomi saswavlo procesi.

aqtivoba: CarCoebies aqtivoba moswavleebs exmareba wakiTxul teqstSi dasmu-

li sakiTxebis, ZiriTadi Temebisa da detalebis organizebaSi. amisaTvis isini iyeneben specialur, ierarqiuli tipis grafi-kul maorganizebels, romelsac avseben kiTxvis dasrulebis Semdeg.

aqtivobis dagegmva:1. maswavlebeli acnobs moswavleebs grafikul maorganize-

bels da uxsnis, rogor unda Seavson igi;2. moswavleebi amoicnoben da Sesabamis CarCoSi Caweren im

ZiriTad sakiTxs/Temas, romelsac exeba wakiTxuli teqs-ti. es faqtobrivad teqstis saTauris funqcias Seasru-lebs;

3. moswavleebi amoicnoben da mokled Camoayalibeben im mniSvnelovan mosazrebebs / ideebs, romlebic teqstis mTavar Temas/ZiriTad sakiTxs ukavSirdeba;

4. amis Semdeg moswavleebi ixseneben im detalebs, romlebic mniSvnelovania am mosazrebebisa Tu ideebis gagebisaT-

airCie romelime sakiTxi (Tema) da dawere sakuTari azri mis Sesaxeb._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ saxeli ______________________________________________

90

irina samsonia

vis. es detalebi moswavleebs SeuZliaT daalagon ierar-qiulad, mniSvnelovnebis mixedviT;

5. dabolos, moswavleebi gansazRvraven teqstis mTavar saTqmels da Caweren Sesabamis CarCoSi. am Canawers Sei-Zleba mieces reziumes an daskvnis saxe;

6. grafikuli maorganizeblis Sevsebis Semdeg, sasurvelia, moswavleebs mieceT saSualeba, gamarTon diskusiebi wak-iTxulis garSemo, Seafason masSi gadmocemuli mosazre-bebi da damokidebulebebi.

gTavazobT grafikuli maorganizeblis nimuSs:

mniSvnelovani detali mniSvnelovani detali mnivnelovani detali

mTavari Tema

teqsti exeba

mTavari saTqmeli

mniSvnelovani mosazreba



mniSvnelovani detalimniSvnelovani detalimniSvnelovani detali


91

aqtivoba: kiTxvebi avtors es aqtivoba examreba moswavleebs, gaiazron mTliani

teqsti da kritikulad Seafason avtoris damokidebulebebi, misi enobrivi arCevani da saTqmelis gadmocemis stili, rac saSualebas aZlevs maT, gacilebiT Rrmad da safuZvlianad gaaanalizon da Seafason wakiTxuli. am aqtivobisTvis Zalian mniSvnelovania saklaso diskusiebis gamarTva TiToeul kiTxv-asTan dakavSirebiT.

aqtivobis dagegmva:1. maswavlebelma am aqtivobisTvis unda SearCios iseTi te-

qsti, romelic kargad masalad gamodgeba diskusiebisa da saubrebis gasamarTavad;

2. maswavlebeli moniSnavs monakveTebs, sadac moswavleebma cota xniT unda Sewyviton kiTxva, raTa dasvan kritiku-li kiTxvebi da am gziT ufro Rrmad gaiazron wakiTxuli;

3. maswavlebeli TiToeuli monakveTisTvis winaswar qmnis kiTxvebis CamonaTvals. magaliTad, igi Camowers amgvar kiTxvebs:

• risi Tqma surs avtors am monakveTSi?• Tqveni azriT, ratom gamoiyena avtorma mainc da mainc es

sityva / fraza am adgilas?• geubnebaT rames es adgili?• Tqven rogor gadmoscemdiT imaves, rasac avtori gveub-

neba? a.S.

aqtivoba: kiTxva da pasuxi es aqtivoba gamoiyeneba kiTxvis Semdgom etapze da ex-

mareba moswavleebs, gansazRvron, ra tipis kiTxvebze uwevT maT pasuxebis gacema da sad unda eZebon es pasuxebi. ZiriTa-dad, gamoiyeneba oTxi tipis kiTxvebi. esenia:

• kiTxvebi, romlebze pasuxebic pirdapir aris teqstSi mocemuli. xSirad aseT kiTxvaSi gamoyenebuli sityvebi da frazebi emTxveva teqstisas;

• kiTxvebi, romlebic moiTxovs teqstis sxvadasxva nawil-Si informaciis moZiebas da Tavmoyras. aseT kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemas meti dafiqreba da mTliani teqstidan

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irina samsonia

azris gamotanis unari sWirdeba;• kiTxvebi, romlebic teqstidan gamomdinareobs, ma-

gram moswavlisagan sakuTari gamocdilebis moxmobas moiTxovs. marTalia, aseT kiTxvebze pasuxebi pirdapir ar aris teqstSi mocemuli, magram moswavles mainc sWirdeba misi yuradRebiT wakiTxva kiTxvebze pasuxis gasacemad;

• kiTxvebi, romlebze pasuxis gasacemad ar aris aucile-beli teqstidan raimes gaxseneba an masSi Caxedva, magram moswavles sWirdeba is codna (informacia), romelic am teqstidan miiRo.

masSemdeg, rac moswavleebi gaecnobian kiTxvebis tipebs, isini metad SemoqmedebiTad miudgebian kiTxvis process, ufro CauRrmavdebian teqsts da moemzadebian SedarebiT maRal saaz-rovno unarebze orientirebul kiTxvebze pasuxis gasacemad.

aqtivoba: SevajamoT wakiTxulies aqtivoba aswavlis moswavleebs, rogor SeiZleba vrce-

li teqstis Semokleba misgan mxolod yvelaze mniSvnelovanis amokrebis gziT. amasTanave, amgvari aqtivobebis saSualebiT moswavleebi swavloben wakiTxulidan yvelaze arsebiTi sak-iTxebisa da maTTan dakavSirebuli mniSvnelovani detaleb-is amocnobas. es teqnika exmareba maT, kiTxvisas yuradReba gaamaxvilon iseT sityvebsa da frazebze, romlebic sakvanZo rols asruleben teqstis Sinaarsis gasagebad. wakiTxulis wer-ilobiT Sejamebaze varjiSi sagrZnoblad uwyobs xels moswav-leTa weriTi unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebasac, radaganac amgvari davalebis Sesrulebisas isini iyeneben teqstisgan gansxvave-bul sintaqsur struqturebs, axal leqsikas, metyvelebis la-konur stils da a.S.

aqtivobis dagegmva:1. maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, waikiTxon SerCeuli

teqsti an Tavad kiTxulobs mas xmamaRla;2. kiTxvis dasrulebis Semdeg maswavlebeli kiTxvebis das-

mis gziTexmareba moswavleebs naweris agebaSi. aseTi kiTxvebia, magaliTad:


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• ra aris am teqstis mTavari Tema?• romeli informaciis (detalebis) saSualebiT SegviZlia

amovicnoT mTavari Tema?• romeli informaciaa (detalebia) aucilebeli, rom te-

qstidan azri gamovitanoT?• romeli informacia ar exeba teqstis mTavar Temas, an

romeli maTgania zedmeti?1. maswavlebelma unda urCios moswavleebs, rom werisas

gamoiyenon is ZiriTadi, anu sakvanZo sityvebi da fra-zebi, romlebic pirdapir ukavSirdeba teqstis mTavar Temas.

2. moswavleebi muSaoben pirveli versiis Seqmnaze. muSao-bis dasrulebis Semdeg moswavleebi acnoben TavianT na-muSevrebs maswavlebels da misi daxmarebiT agrZeleben TavianTi naweris daxvewas: cdiloben maqsimalurad Sea-moklon reziume ise, rom masSi darCes mxolod yvelaze arsebiTi da relevanturi informacia.

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irina samsonia

gamoyenebuli literatura

1. erovnuli saswavlo gegma (2011-2016) - erovnuli saswavlo gegmebis centri, Tbilisi, 2011;

2. gzamkvlevi maswavleblebisTvis 2011-2016 wlebis erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mixedviT, qarTuli ena da literatura (I-VI klasebi), avtorebi: T. jayeli, i. samsonia, n. dobor-jginiZe, T. ceraZe da sxvebi, Tbilisi, 2011;

3. Improving Adolescent Literacy: Effective Classroom and Interven-tion Practices – The Institute of Education Sciences (IES), 2008;

4. Timothy Shanahan - The National Reading Panel Report: Practi-cal Advice for Teachers, Learning Point Associates, Naperville, IL, 2006;

5. Gina Biancarosa, Catherine E. Snow - Reading Next - A Vision for Action and Research in Middle an High School Literacy:A Report to Carnegie Corporation of NewYork – Alliance for Excellent Edu-cation, 2004.

irina samsonia, filologidaamTavra iv. javaxiSvilis saxelo-bis Tbilisis saxelmwifo univer-sitetis filologiis fakulteti, klasikuri enebis ganyofileba. 2008-2011 wlebSi muSaobda erovnu-li saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefaseb-

is centrSi qarTuli enisa da literaturis jgufis xelmZRvanelad. 2011-2012 wlebSi iyo saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros zogadi ga-naTlebisa da erovnuli saswavlo gegmebis ganviTare-bis departamentis saxelmwifo enebis jgufis xelmZ-Rvaneli. 2012 wlidan dRemde muSaobs gamocdebis erovnul centrSi qarTuli enisa da literaturis jgufis xelmZRvanelad. aqvs pedagogiuri gamocdile-ba. aswavlida qarTuli enasa da literaturas, aseve laTinur enas me-6 saavtoro skolaSi.

irina samsonia

wignierebamaswavleblis saxelmZRvanelo

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