&

20

1892:

1898: FMD ( )

1930:

1930:

1931: nm

1932:

1935:

1937:

1949:

1966:

70 : & DNA

80 : PCR 80 : PCR

90 : o

>2000: ,

(RNA)

prions

()

(1) (1)

RNARNA

DNADNA

:: ::

(2) (2)

;;

AndrewsAndrews

:

Stanley Stanley . .

:

-

, , , , ,, , , .. , , ,

Marc van Regenmortel and Brian Mahy (2004)

Its life, Jim, but not as we know it!

Dr. McCoy speaking to Captain

Kirk of the starship Entreprise,

Star Trek

3 3 11. .

:

-

- -

2.2.

--

-- --

3. 3.

--

RNARNA (RNA world)

DNA DNA

RNA

Forterre P.

The three viruses, three domains theory

Forterre P PNAS 2006;103:3669-3674

2006 by National Academy of Sciences

Last Universal Cellular Ancestor (LUCA)

Retroelements and the human genome

& &

1.1. : :

2.2. : :

RhabdoviridaeRhabdoviridae RhabdoviridaeRhabdoviridae

3.3. : :

PoxviridaePoxviridae

nmnm 20-230 nm

1m1m == 101099nmnm

1.1. = RNA RNA DNADNA

2.2.

=

(1) (1)

: -- ,

VP1VP1VP2VP2VP3

,

())

--

&

(2) (2)

:

() ()

&

= =

(1) (1)

20 20

20 20 12 12 30 30

(2) (2)

( )

60 2172

,

(1) (1)

RNARNA

(2) (2)

&

(2) (2)

2.2. (core) = +

- DNA

- RNA