ලොව වැඩිම වස ප්රමාණයක් අඩංගු පලතුර
TRANSCRIPT
wem,aj, ydkslr ridhksl øjHhka 56la'
fuhg l,lg fmr fmardfoksh
úYaj úoHd,fha me,Eá ixrlaIK
tallfha uydpd¾h fca' tï'
wd¾' tia' nxvdr uy;d"
;uka úiska wdkhksl ñÈ iy wem,a ms<sn|j l<
m¾fhaIKhl§ ñksia fi!LHg wys;lr nerf,day
iy m<sfndaOkdYlj, wjfYaI 47 la muK tAjd ;=<
wka;¾.;j ;sî fidhd .;a nj" t;=udf.a foaYkhloS
wmg wikakg ,enqkd'
wdkhksl m<sfndaOkdYl yd ridhksl fmdfydr
yryd leâñhï jeks úI ner f,day furgg meñfKk
njg ;uka úiskaa l< m¾fhaIKhloS ;yjqre jQ njg
m<uqj m%ldY lf<ao t;=udh'
flfia fj;;a wfma rfÜ we;a;ka mjik oE
wj{dfõ flúfgka ;,d ùis lr ±óug wfma rfÜ
fndfyda fofkl= olajk Wmkaf.hs leue;a; ksidfjka"
wm úiska iqÿ hehs is;df.k bkak wem,a .ek iqÿ
cd;sl úoHd{hskau lshk" l¿ l;dj fu;eka isg wms
úuid n,uq'
uyck fi!LH iïnkaOfhka l%shd;aul jk
m%lg m¾fhaIK mokula jk" Environmental Working Group (EWG) úiska iEu jirl§u hqfrdamd
fj<|fmdf<a úlsKSug ;sfnk m,;=re yd t<j¿j,
;sfnk ji úi ms<sn|j fidhd n,Sula isÿ lrkq
,nkjd' ta wkqj Tjqka úiska ¥Is;u t<j¿ yd m,;=re
j¾. 12 f;darkq ,nkjd' (Derty dozen) iqmqreÿ mßou
fuu jif¾;a tu ,ehsia;=fõ wxl tlg m;a jkakg
wem,a iu;a ù w;' tu wdh;kh úiska m¾fhaIKhg
,la l< wem,aj,ska ishhg 92la muK ñksia
mßfNdackhg kqiqÿiq uÜgulska úúO m<sfndaOkdYl
fYaI fldgia iy ydkslr ner f,day j¾.j,ska ¥Is;j
;snqKq nj fy<s ù we;' ta iEu wem,a f.ählu
ydkslr ridhksl øjHhka 56la j;a wka;¾.;j ;snqKq
nj jeäÿrg;a tys ±lafjkjd'
tfy;a wem,a j.dlrejkaf.a iy jHdmdßlhskaf.a
fvd,¾" mjqïj,g lg wßk ;j;a úfYaI{hska msßila
úiska EWG wdh;kh iy fjk;a m¾fhaIK rdYshlska
fmkajd § we;s f;dr;=re ksidfjka uyckhd wkjYH
wfma rfÜ we;a;kaf.a fmdaIKh by< kxjd,Su
ms<sn|j l;d lrk" Wkkaÿ jk fnfyda fofkl=
fkd;lk" fkdolsk iudc úoHd;aul uyd ndOlh
(great barrier) yuq jkafka fu;ek§h'
—msgráka f.fkkd yeu fohlau Wiiah"
.=Kodhlh'''˜ hk wdl,amh wfma rfÜ w;s
nyq;rhlf.a .eUqre ú{dkfha ;Èka me,mÈhï ù we;s
ldrKdjls'
—f*dßka nvqjla˜" —f,dal,a nvqjla˜" —bïfmdagâ
whsgï tlla˜ jeks jpk yryd m%ldY flfrkafka
thhs' ck ú{dkfha .eUqßkau ;eïm;aj we;s fuu
w÷re fuday yd /já<sldr wdl,am b;du;a ´kElulska
yd iaÓr f,iu uld fkd±ïfud;a" wfma rfÜ
ñksiqkaf.a fmdaIKh yd fi!LHh ;;a;ajh wdrlaId
lsÍu f,fyis myiq fkdjkq we;'
mdka msá j,g wms fï ;rï we,S .e,S isákafka"
tys ,dlaIKsl m%;Hia: yd wef,k iq¿ .=Kh
ksidu fkú" tAjd weußlka ldrhdf.a nvq ksidh'
—uelafvdk,a☠" —flaùiS˜" lv y;= msfmkakdla
fuka ìys jkafka tAjd f*dßka lEu ksidh' —*%hsâ
rhsia˜ fldhs ;rï fi!LHg wys;lr nj ±k isáh;a"
ñksiqka tAjd .s, ±óug .scq ù we;af;a" tAjd —Ök"
;dhs˜ lEu ksidh' .fï" f.dfâ" fjf,a" ,kaf|a ;K
W,d lk t<f|kf.a lsß fkdî" Èhjeähdjg" mshhqre
ms<sldjg" .eyeKq <uqka wvq jhiska u,ajr jkakg
o fya;= úh yels" fydafudak" m%;scSjl" lDñkdYl"
fu,uhska" tlS fkdlS ridhksl øjH j,ska ¥Is;j
;sìh yels lsßmsá fndkafka tAjd —f*dßka yrla lsߘ
ksidh' tfy;a fï úfoaYsl wdydr ;=< we;af;a" ñksia
fi!LHhg b;du;a wys;lr y,dy, ji úi nj"
f,dalhd ±k isáh;a ;ju;a wfma rfÜ fndfyda
fofkl= tAjdfha we;s wys;lrnj yß yeá fkdokS'
wem,a lkjdkï frday,la
<Õska mÈxÑ fjkak'
f,dj jeäu ji úi m%udKhla wvx.= m,;=r'
—Tfí ksjig wem,a
u,a,la wrka tk
{d;shdgo" mefmd,a
f.ähla wrka tk
{d;shdgo" Tn iy
Tfí mjqf,a Woúh
jeämqr i<lkafka ˜'' @
f,ig ìhg m;a jk nj;a" wem,a f.ähla folla lE
muKska ta yeá ydkslr ;;a;ajhla w;a fkdjk nj;a
m%pdrKh lrñka isà' tfy;a m¾fhaIlhska wjOdrKh
lrkafka fuu wem,a ks;r wkqNjh" ksOka.;
frda. rdYshlgu fya;= jkakg ms<sjka jk nj" iy
úfYAIfhka l=vd <uqka" .¾NkS ujqjre iy frda.S"
ÿ¾j, Woúh ¥Is; wem,a mßfNdackfhka je<lSu
Tjqkaf.a Yßr fi!LHhg ys;lr jkq we;s nj;ah'
tfy;a wjdikdjl ;ru' ,ldfõ wms ;ju;a fuu
wem,a" frda.Ska iy .¾NkS ujqjreka ne,Sug hdfï§
wrka hkafkuq' flfi,a" mefmd,a" fmar" fk,a,s
fkdlk wfma orejkag" wms uy;a Wcdrejg wem,a
ljkafkuq'
wfma rfÜ fkd;snqkdg weußldkq mdßißl
wdrlaIK tackaish úiska (EPA) wdydr øjHj, ;sìh
yels tla tla m<sfndaOkdYlfha Wmßu m%udKhka
i|yd m%ñ;Ska y|qkajd § we;' kuq;a m¾fhaIlhska
wjOdrKh lrkafka" fuu wem,a ;=< we;eï ridhksl
øjHhka EPA úiska wkqu; m%udKhka blaujd we;s
nj iy wfkla w;g wkqu; m%udKhka blaujd
fkd;snqk;a" úúO ridhksl øjHhka mkia .Kkla
fjka fjkaj iajdëkj hï wdydrhla u; fyda
tajd mßfNdackh lrkq ,nk ñksiqkaf.a YÍr ;=<
wl%hj fkdmj;sk nj;a" tajd w;r isÿjk ixlS¾K
wka;¾ l%shdjka rdYshla fya;= fldg f.k we;eï úg
wkfmalaIs; Nhdkl fi!LH .eg,q mjd we;s úh yels
nj;ah'
wem,a boùug;a ldnhsâ'
m,;=re lD;%suj boúu i|yd ldnhsâ Ndú;d lsÍu
,dNodhS fukau tu.ska m,;=re j,g m%ikak wdl¾YkSh
j¾Khla ,nd §u" hk w;sf¾l jdisho ksidfjka
—ldnhs☠Ndú; lsÍug fjf<kaoka jeä reÑl;ajhlaa
olajhs' —ldnhs☠Ndú; lr m,;=re boùu" wfma rfÜ
muKla fkdj" ,xldjg wem,a f.kajkq ,nk bkaÈhdj"
mdlsia;dkh" ´iafÜ%,shdj" Ökh jeks rgj,o .crdfug
isÿ flfrk nj m%isoaO ldrKdjls'
—ldnhs☠fukau —ldnhs☠j, we;s wfkl=;a úI
ridhk øjHhka fndfyduhlao ms<sldldrl nj fidhd
f.k we;' fuhg wu;rj fuu ridhksl øjHhka ks;r
YÍr .; ùfuka" fjk;a nrm;, frda. ;;a;ajhka o we;s
úh yels nj;a' .¾NKS uõjre —ldnhsâ˜fh¥ m,;=re
wdydrhg .ekSfuka" .íid ùï j,g iy wx.úl,
orejka ìys ùu jeks ixl+,;d j,g o ,la úh yels nj;a
fidhdf.k we;' m¾fhaIK j,§ fidhdf.k we;s" wmf.a
wjOdkhg ,la úh hq;= ;j;a jeo.;a ldrKdjla jkqfha"
m,;=re j,g fhdok m<sfndaOkdYl j¾. j, fYaI
fldgia (residuals) iu. —ldnhs☠j, we;s ridhksl
øjHhka m%;sl%shd lsÍfuka wkfmalaIs; Nhdkl fi!LHh
.eg¨ w;s úh yelsh hk ldrKdjh'
.fya ;sfnkjdg jvd jeä ld,hla lfâ
;sfnkafka fldfydu|@
lemQ u,a jHdmdrfha§ u,a b;s
yd u,a fmdfydÜgq úh,Su yd
ye,Su kj;d icSú ;;a;ajfhka
jeä ld,hla ^f*%Ia .;sfhka&
M, fk,Sug wdikak wem,a j.djlg
m<sfndaOkdYl fhdok whqre'
;nd .ekSug jdkscuh jYfhka Ndú; lrkqfha"
is,aj¾ khsfÜ%Ü ødjKhls' is,aj¾ khsfÜ%Ü idokq
,nkafka ;kql khsÜ%la wï,h ;=< is,aj¾ f,dayh
Èh lsßfuks' fuu ødjKh u;=msg ;ejÍu ydkslr
fkdjQj;a" YÍr .; ùu fnfyúkau ydkslr njhs
mejfikafka' flfia fj;;a" fuu ødjKh lemQ
u,a jHdmdrfhaÈ muKla fkdj" t<j¿ iy m,;=re
jHdmdrh ;=<o iq<nj Ndú;hg .efkk nj" ,xldfõ
wm oek fkdisáhdg f,dal m%isoaO ryils' tneúka
wmg lsis Èkl mrjqKq" l=Kq jqKq wem,a fyda msgráka
f.kajkq ,nk weg ke;s kdrx" fyda ñÈ ±l .kakg
fkd,efnkq we;' is,aj¾ khsfÜ%Ü m,;=re u;g
fh§fuka" m,;=re iajdNdúlj b§fï l%shdj,shg
fya;= jk t;s,Ska ksIamdokh ùu ksfIaOkh (inhibit) flfrkq we;' ±ka m,;=re §¾> ld,hla kejqïj iy
icSùj ;nd .ekSug ms<sjka jkq we;'
flfia fj;;a is,aj¾ khsfÜ%Ü ld,hla ;siafia YÍr
.; úfuka" iakdhQ wdndO" fud<hg isÿjk ydkslr
;;a;ajhka" ms<sldj" jeks frda.dndO rdYshlgu bjy,a
jk njhs úoHd{hska m%ldY lrkafka'
tfy § is,aj¾" fufy § f*dau,ska
,xldfõ m,;=re wf<ú lrkakka" ks;r ks;r
;u m,;=re u;g hï ødjKhla biskq ,nk nj Tn
ksÍlaIKh lr we;s' fï kï msßisÿ we,a j;=r hehs
Tno is;kakg we;' tfy;a wjdikdjlg Tjqka fï
biskq ,nkafka c,fha Èh lr .;a f*dau,Ska ødjKhla
jkakg fndfyda ÿrg bv we;' iqoaod is,aj¾ khsfÜ%Ü
fhdod udi .Kkdjla l,a ;nd .;a;= wem,a" l¿
iqoaod úiska u< ñkS tïndï lsÍug fhdokq ,nk
f*dau,ska Ndú; lr" ;j wjqreoaola muK hi wmQrejg
l,a ;nd .kakjd' ^wfma lÜáh f*dau,Ska Ndú;
lrkafka m,;=rej,g muKla fkdj ñlsß" lrj,"
ud¿ ^úfYAIfhka gels ud¿& jeks wdydr jra. i|yd;a
f*dau,ska fhdokq ,nk njg fy<s jS w;'
úI iys; wem,a ojgk
wem,a jeks m,;=re
T;d we;s iújr iys;
—Rcsf*daï˜ ojgk ilia
lr we;af;a" m,;=re È,Sr
yd nelaàßhd wdidokj,ska
fírd .ekSug yels m%N,
m<sfndaOkdYl j¾.
wem,a iy mefmd,a j, fmdaIK fjki'
.a?ï 100
l we;s
fmda IKh
Yla;sh
^le,ß&
fm%daàk
^.%Eï&
fïoh
^.%Eï&
ldfnda-
yhsfv%Sâ
^.%Eï&
le,ais
hï'
^ñ'.%E&
fmdia
mria'
^ñ'.%E&
hlv
^ñ'.%E&
lefrd
áka'
^ñ'.%E&
;h
ñka
^ñ'.%E&
ßfndama
f,úka'
^ñ'.%E&
kh-
iska
^ñ'.%E&
úgñka
—iS˜'
^ñ'.%E&
wem,a 59 0.2 0.5 13.4 10 14 1.5 00 00 00 00 01
mefmd,a 32 0.6 0.1 7.2 17 13 0.5 666 40 250 0.2 57
idudkHfhka jirlg wfma rgg msgráka wdkhkh
lrkq ,nk m,;=re m%udKh' fuÜÜ%la fgdka 42"000 la
muK fjkjd' bka wem,a muKla ie<l+ úg" f.ä
fldaá 20 la muK fjkjd' rg jglr jrld .ia" fmar
.ia" flfi,a .ia ;sfnk rgl cSj;a jk l¿ fcdaka,d"
we,sia,d ji úi lkak fï ;rï cd;sl Okhla ldndiS
kshd lrk tl .ek wms y~d je<msh hq;af;uq'
wfkla w;g" jeisls<s Ndú; lsßfuka miq
cSúf;ag inka fhdod w;a fkdfidaok" lg f.dkakla
u;aøjH" îf.k msgfldgqfõ nia r:j,g f.dv ù"
¥ú,s" úIîc j,ska ;jo rij;a jQ wem,a úl=Kk wem,a
udu,df.ka wem,a ñ< § f.k fkdfidodu wkqNj
lrk wfma rfÜ Woúh ms<sn|j lK.dgq jkjd yer
lrkakg wka hula o ke;'
wem,a f.ähg tfrysj mefmd,a'
wfma rfÜ iajdNdúlj yefok fk,a,s f.äfha"
mefmd,a" cukdrx" jrld" ldurx.d" fjr¿" cïfnda,
f.äfha ;sfnk ms<sld j<lajk m%;sTlaIsldrl .=Kh
o we;=,q udye.s fmdaIK .=Khka ms<sn|j fuf<d
yirla fkdokakjd jqkdg" wfma rfÜ we;a;ka fndfyda
fofkl= ;ju;a ys;df.k bkafka wem,a jkdys uy
mqÿudldr .=K lkaordjla we;s m,;=rla f,ih' tfy;a
we;a; l;kaorh jkafka mefmd,a f.äfha fmdaIKh
wy,lj;a wem,a f.ähg ,x jkakg fkdyels njh'
±ka Tng jegfykjd we;s Èklg wem,a f.ähla
wkqNj lsßfuka ffjoHjrhd Tfí ksjig fkdf.kajd
isáh yelsh''' hk ngysr m%lg lshuk jydu fjkia
l< hq;=j we;s nj' Èklg wem,a f.ähla wdydrhg
.ekSfuka" Tfí ffjoHjrhd fmdfydi;a jkq we;''
f,i th fjkia l< hq;=j we;'
tneúka úfoaYsl wdydrj, we;s .=Khla fkdue;s
nj;a" fuf;lehs lsj fkdyels ;rï .=Khka we;af;a
wfma me/kakkaf.a Èú /l ÿka wfma rfÜ iajdNdúl
wdydr jra.j, nj;a" wfma rfÜ we;a;kag mila
jkafka ljod o@ wkak todg" fmdaIK úoHdj" cd;sl
wd¾Ólh úIhhkaysS,d uy ±jeka; úma,jhla isÿjkq
fkdwkqudkh' tf;la fï ms<sn|j Wkkaÿ jk" ldrKd
lghq;= wjfNdaOlr .ekSug ;rï isys nqoaêh we;s
iyDohskaf.aa ±k .ekSu msKsi by; ldrKd ál ,shd
;enQ nj fuys wjikg igyka lr ;nñ'
.euqKq id,sh fmf¾rduyck fi!LH mÍlaIl - we,a,[email protected]
tajd u; .e,aùfuka miqj njg lreKq wkdjrKh
ù we;' fï i|yd ;ykï m<sfndaOkdYl j¾. jk
;srdï (Thiram) iy wdiksla wvx.= È<srkdYl o Ndú;
flfrk nj fidhdf.k we;' fuu ydkslr lghq;a;
iq,N jYfhka isÿ flfrkafka Ökh ;=< jk w;r"
j¾:udkfha§ f,dj m%uqLu wem,a fjf<kaod jkafka o
Ökhhs' fuu úI iys; ojgk ms<sn| Ökfhka wem,a
f.kajkq ,nk úhÜkduh jeks rgj,a mjd mÍlaIK
isÿ lrñka ksrka;r wjOdkfhka miq fj;;a" wfma
rfÜ tjekakla ms<sn|j ydkalúishlaj;a fkdue;'
bá .E wem,a
m,;=re l,a ;nd .ekSu i|yd isÿ lrkq ,nk
;j;a l%shdjla jkafka" m,;=re u; wdydrhg .;
yels bá j¾.hla ;ejÍuhs' fï i|yd nyq,ju Ndú;
flfrkqfha —fud¾fmd,Ska˜ (Morpholine) iy —mer*ska
˜ (Paraffin) kñka y|qkajkq ,nk bá j¾.hkah' ñka
fud¾fmd,Ska ridhkslh ms<sldldrl ,laIK fmkakqï
lrk njg iel lrk neúka" hqfrdamd ix.ufha rgj,a
;=< Ndú; lsÍu ;ykï lr we;' kuq;a wjdikdjlg
,xldjg wem,a f.kajkq ,nk rgj,a jk" Ökh "
´iafÜ%,shdj" jeks rgj, fuh ;ykï lr fkdue;'
mer*ska hkq" fmÜfÜ%da,shï msßmyÿfõ w;=re M,hls'
ixY=oaO mer*ska ydkslr fkdue;s njg ms<s.eKqk;a"
we;eï jHdmdßlhska úiska jeä ,dNhla i|yd
;;a;ajfhka nd, mer*ska Ndú; lrk njg fy<s ù
we;' fu nd, mer*ska ;=< fnkaiSka" fgd,qùka jeks
ms<sldldrl mjd wka;¾.; úh yels njg fidhd
f.k we;' ^fuys§ wm fyd|ska u;lfha ;nd .; hq;=
ldrKdjla jkafka ,xldjg f.kajkq ,nk m,;=re
jkdys f,dj ;;a;ajfhka nd, njg —lkafvï˜ jQ
tajd nj;a" Wla; m¾fhaIKj,g ,la fldg we;af;a
weußldj jeks rgj, wf<ú flfrk Wiia hehs
iïu; m,;=re nj;ah'&
jirlg wem,a f.ä fldaá 20 la lk rgla'
—we,a,˜ jeks úfoaYslhska
iq,Nj .ejfik m%foaY
;=< wem,a lv olskakg
fkdue;' ta iqÿ fcdaka,d"
we,sia,d wem,aj, meálsßh
okakd ksidh'