wem,aj, ydkslr ridhksl øjHhka 56la'

fuhg l,lg fmr fmardfoksh

úYaj úoHd,fha me,Eá ixrlaIK

tallfha uydpd¾h fca' tï'

wd¾' tia' nxvdr uy;d"

;uka úiska wdkhksl ñÈ iy wem,a ms<sn|j l<

m¾fhaIKhl§ ñksia fi!LHg wys;lr nerf,day

iy m<sfndaOkdYlj, wjfYaI 47 la muK tAjd ;=<

wka;¾.;j ;sî fidhd .;a nj" t;=udf.a foaYkhloS

wmg wikakg ,enqkd'

wdkhksl m<sfndaOkdYl yd ridhksl fmdfydr

yryd leâñhï jeks úI ner f,day furgg meñfKk

njg ;uka úiskaa l< m¾fhaIKhloS ;yjqre jQ njg

m<uqj m%ldY lf<ao t;=udh'

flfia fj;;a wfma rfÜ we;a;ka mjik oE

wj{dfõ flúfgka ;,d ùis lr ±óug wfma rfÜ

fndfyda fofkl= olajk Wmkaf.hs leue;a; ksidfjka"

wm úiska iqÿ hehs is;df.k bkak wem,a .ek iqÿ

cd;sl úoHd{hskau lshk" l¿ l;dj fu;eka isg wms

úuid n,uq'

uyck fi!LH iïnkaOfhka l%shd;aul jk

m%lg m¾fhaIK mokula jk" Environmental Working Group (EWG) úiska iEu jirl§u hqfrdamd

fj<|fmdf<a úlsKSug ;sfnk m,;=re yd t<j¿j,

;sfnk ji úi ms<sn|j fidhd n,Sula isÿ lrkq

,nkjd' ta wkqj Tjqka úiska ¥Is;u t<j¿ yd m,;=re

j¾. 12 f;darkq ,nkjd' (Derty dozen) iqmqreÿ mßou

fuu jif¾;a tu ,ehsia;=fõ wxl tlg m;a jkakg

wem,a iu;a ù w;' tu wdh;kh úiska m¾fhaIKhg

,la l< wem,aj,ska ishhg 92la muK ñksia

mßfNdackhg kqiqÿiq uÜgulska úúO m<sfndaOkdYl

fYaI fldgia iy ydkslr ner f,day j¾.j,ska ¥Is;j

;snqKq nj fy<s ù we;' ta iEu wem,a f.ählu

ydkslr ridhksl øjHhka 56la j;a wka;¾.;j ;snqKq

nj jeäÿrg;a tys ±lafjkjd'

tfy;a wem,a j.dlrejkaf.a iy jHdmdßlhskaf.a

fvd,¾" mjqïj,g lg wßk ;j;a úfYaI{hska msßila

úiska EWG wdh;kh iy fjk;a m¾fhaIK rdYshlska

fmkajd § we;s f;dr;=re ksidfjka uyckhd wkjYH

wfma rfÜ we;a;kaf.a fmdaIKh by< kxjd,Su

ms<sn|j l;d lrk" Wkkaÿ jk fnfyda fofkl=

fkd;lk" fkdolsk iudc úoHd;aul uyd ndOlh

(great barrier) yuq jkafka fu;ek§h'

—msgráka f.fkkd yeu fohlau Wiiah"

.=Kodhlh'''˜ hk wdl,amh wfma rfÜ w;s

nyq;rhlf.a .eUqre ú{dkfha ;Èka me,mÈhï ù we;s

ldrKdjls'

—f*dßka nvqjla˜" —f,dal,a nvqjla˜" —bïfmdagâ

whsgï tlla˜ jeks jpk yryd m%ldY flfrkafka

thhs' ck ú{dkfha .eUqßkau ;eïm;aj we;s fuu

w÷re fuday yd /já<sldr wdl,am b;du;a ´kElulska

yd iaÓr f,iu uld fkd±ïfud;a" wfma rfÜ

ñksiqkaf.a fmdaIKh yd fi!LHh ;;a;ajh wdrlaId

lsÍu f,fyis myiq fkdjkq we;'

mdka msá j,g wms fï ;rï we,S .e,S isákafka"

tys ,dlaIKsl m%;Hia: yd wef,k iq¿ .=Kh

ksidu fkú" tAjd weußlka ldrhdf.a nvq ksidh'

—uelafvdk,a☠" —flaùiS˜" lv y;= msfmkakdla

fuka ìys jkafka tAjd f*dßka lEu ksidh' —*%hsâ

rhsia˜ fldhs ;rï fi!LHg wys;lr nj ±k isáh;a"

ñksiqka tAjd .s, ±óug .scq ù we;af;a" tAjd —Ök"

;dhs˜ lEu ksidh' .fï" f.dfâ" fjf,a" ,kaf|a ;K

W,d lk t<f|kf.a lsß fkdî" Èhjeähdjg" mshhqre

ms<sldjg" .eyeKq <uqka wvq jhiska u,ajr jkakg

o fya;= úh yels" fydafudak" m%;scSjl" lDñkdYl"

fu,uhska" tlS fkdlS ridhksl øjH j,ska ¥Is;j

;sìh yels lsßmsá fndkafka tAjd —f*dßka yrla lsߘ

ksidh' tfy;a fï úfoaYsl wdydr ;=< we;af;a" ñksia

fi!LHhg b;du;a wys;lr y,dy, ji úi nj"

f,dalhd ±k isáh;a ;ju;a wfma rfÜ fndfyda

fofkl= tAjdfha we;s wys;lrnj yß yeá fkdokS'

wem,a lkjdkï frday,la

<Õska mÈxÑ fjkak'

f,dj jeäu ji úi m%udKhla wvx.= m,;=r'

—Tfí ksjig wem,a

u,a,la wrka tk

{d;shdgo" mefmd,a

f.ähla wrka tk

{d;shdgo" Tn iy

Tfí mjqf,a Woúh

jeämqr i<lkafka ˜'' @

f,ig ìhg m;a jk nj;a" wem,a f.ähla folla lE

muKska ta yeá ydkslr ;;a;ajhla w;a fkdjk nj;a

m%pdrKh lrñka isà' tfy;a m¾fhaIlhska wjOdrKh

lrkafka fuu wem,a ks;r wkqNjh" ksOka.;

frda. rdYshlgu fya;= jkakg ms<sjka jk nj" iy

úfYAIfhka l=vd <uqka" .¾NkS ujqjre iy frda.S"

ÿ¾j, Woúh ¥Is; wem,a mßfNdackfhka je<lSu

Tjqkaf.a Yßr fi!LHhg ys;lr jkq we;s nj;ah'

tfy;a wjdikdjl ;ru' ,ldfõ wms ;ju;a fuu

wem,a" frda.Ska iy .¾NkS ujqjreka ne,Sug hdfï§

wrka hkafkuq' flfi,a" mefmd,a" fmar" fk,a,s

fkdlk wfma orejkag" wms uy;a Wcdrejg wem,a

ljkafkuq'

wfma rfÜ fkd;snqkdg weußldkq mdßißl

wdrlaIK tackaish úiska (EPA) wdydr øjHj, ;sìh

yels tla tla m<sfndaOkdYlfha Wmßu m%udKhka

i|yd m%ñ;Ska y|qkajd § we;' kuq;a m¾fhaIlhska

wjOdrKh lrkafka" fuu wem,a ;=< we;eï ridhksl

øjHhka EPA úiska wkqu; m%udKhka blaujd we;s

nj iy wfkla w;g wkqu; m%udKhka blaujd

fkd;snqk;a" úúO ridhksl øjHhka mkia .Kkla

fjka fjkaj iajdëkj hï wdydrhla u; fyda

tajd mßfNdackh lrkq ,nk ñksiqkaf.a YÍr ;=<

wl%hj fkdmj;sk nj;a" tajd w;r isÿjk ixlS¾K

wka;¾ l%shdjka rdYshla fya;= fldg f.k we;eï úg

wkfmalaIs; Nhdkl fi!LH .eg,q mjd we;s úh yels

nj;ah'

wem,a boùug;a ldnhsâ'

m,;=re lD;%suj boúu i|yd ldnhsâ Ndú;d lsÍu

,dNodhS fukau tu.ska m,;=re j,g m%ikak wdl¾YkSh

j¾Khla ,nd §u" hk w;sf¾l jdisho ksidfjka

—ldnhs☠Ndú; lsÍug fjf<kaoka jeä reÑl;ajhlaa

olajhs' —ldnhs☠Ndú; lr m,;=re boùu" wfma rfÜ

muKla fkdj" ,xldjg wem,a f.kajkq ,nk bkaÈhdj"

mdlsia;dkh" ´iafÜ%,shdj" Ökh jeks rgj,o .crdfug

isÿ flfrk nj m%isoaO ldrKdjls'

—ldnhs☠fukau —ldnhs☠j, we;s wfkl=;a úI

ridhk øjHhka fndfyduhlao ms<sldldrl nj fidhd

f.k we;' fuhg wu;rj fuu ridhksl øjHhka ks;r

YÍr .; ùfuka" fjk;a nrm;, frda. ;;a;ajhka o we;s

úh yels nj;a' .¾NKS uõjre —ldnhsâ˜fh¥ m,;=re

wdydrhg .ekSfuka" .íid ùï j,g iy wx.úl,

orejka ìys ùu jeks ixl+,;d j,g o ,la úh yels nj;a

fidhdf.k we;' m¾fhaIK j,§ fidhdf.k we;s" wmf.a

wjOdkhg ,la úh hq;= ;j;a jeo.;a ldrKdjla jkqfha"

m,;=re j,g fhdok m<sfndaOkdYl j¾. j, fYaI

fldgia (residuals) iu. —ldnhs☠j, we;s ridhksl

øjHhka m%;sl%shd lsÍfuka wkfmalaIs; Nhdkl fi!LHh

.eg¨ w;s úh yelsh hk ldrKdjh'

.fya ;sfnkjdg jvd jeä ld,hla lfâ

;sfnkafka fldfydu|@

lemQ u,a jHdmdrfha§ u,a b;s

yd u,a fmdfydÜgq úh,Su yd

ye,Su kj;d icSú ;;a;ajfhka

jeä ld,hla ^f*%Ia .;sfhka&

M, fk,Sug wdikak wem,a j.djlg

m<sfndaOkdYl fhdok whqre'

;nd .ekSug jdkscuh jYfhka Ndú; lrkqfha"

is,aj¾ khsfÜ%Ü ødjKhls' is,aj¾ khsfÜ%Ü idokq

,nkafka ;kql khsÜ%la wï,h ;=< is,aj¾ f,dayh

Èh lsßfuks' fuu ødjKh u;=msg ;ejÍu ydkslr

fkdjQj;a" YÍr .; ùu fnfyúkau ydkslr njhs

mejfikafka' flfia fj;;a" fuu ødjKh lemQ

u,a jHdmdrfhaÈ muKla fkdj" t<j¿ iy m,;=re

jHdmdrh ;=<o iq<nj Ndú;hg .efkk nj" ,xldfõ

wm oek fkdisáhdg f,dal m%isoaO ryils' tneúka

wmg lsis Èkl mrjqKq" l=Kq jqKq wem,a fyda msgráka

f.kajkq ,nk weg ke;s kdrx" fyda ñÈ ±l .kakg

fkd,efnkq we;' is,aj¾ khsfÜ%Ü m,;=re u;g

fh§fuka" m,;=re iajdNdúlj b§fï l%shdj,shg

fya;= jk t;s,Ska ksIamdokh ùu ksfIaOkh (inhibit) flfrkq we;' ±ka m,;=re §¾> ld,hla kejqïj iy

icSùj ;nd .ekSug ms<sjka jkq we;'

flfia fj;;a is,aj¾ khsfÜ%Ü ld,hla ;siafia YÍr

.; úfuka" iakdhQ wdndO" fud<hg isÿjk ydkslr

;;a;ajhka" ms<sldj" jeks frda.dndO rdYshlgu bjy,a

jk njhs úoHd{hska m%ldY lrkafka'

tfy § is,aj¾" fufy § f*dau,ska

,xldfõ m,;=re wf<ú lrkakka" ks;r ks;r

;u m,;=re u;g hï ødjKhla biskq ,nk nj Tn

ksÍlaIKh lr we;s' fï kï msßisÿ we,a j;=r hehs

Tno is;kakg we;' tfy;a wjdikdjlg Tjqka fï

biskq ,nkafka c,fha Èh lr .;a f*dau,Ska ødjKhla

jkakg fndfyda ÿrg bv we;' iqoaod is,aj¾ khsfÜ%Ü

fhdod udi .Kkdjla l,a ;nd .;a;= wem,a" l¿

iqoaod úiska u< ñkS tïndï lsÍug fhdokq ,nk

f*dau,ska Ndú; lr" ;j wjqreoaola muK hi wmQrejg

l,a ;nd .kakjd' ^wfma lÜáh f*dau,Ska Ndú;

lrkafka m,;=rej,g muKla fkdj ñlsß" lrj,"

ud¿ ^úfYAIfhka gels ud¿& jeks wdydr jra. i|yd;a

f*dau,ska fhdokq ,nk njg fy<s jS w;'

úI iys; wem,a ojgk

wem,a jeks m,;=re

T;d we;s iújr iys;

—Rcsf*daï˜ ojgk ilia

lr we;af;a" m,;=re È,Sr

yd nelaàßhd wdidokj,ska

fírd .ekSug yels m%N,

m<sfndaOkdYl j¾.

wem,a iy mefmd,a j, fmdaIK fjki'

.a?ï 100

l we;s

fmda IKh

Yla;sh

^le,ß&

fm%daàk

^.%Eï&

fïoh

^.%Eï&

ldfnda-

yhsfv%Sâ

^.%Eï&

le,ais

hï'

^ñ'.%E&

fmdia

mria'

^ñ'.%E&

hlv

^ñ'.%E&

lefrd

áka'

^ñ'.%E&

;h

ñka

^ñ'.%E&

ßfndama

f,úka'

^ñ'.%E&

kh-

iska

^ñ'.%E&

úgñka

—iS˜'

^ñ'.%E&

wem,a 59 0.2 0.5 13.4 10 14 1.5 00 00 00 00 01

mefmd,a 32 0.6 0.1 7.2 17 13 0.5 666 40 250 0.2 57

idudkHfhka jirlg wfma rgg msgráka wdkhkh

lrkq ,nk m,;=re m%udKh' fuÜÜ%la fgdka 42"000 la

muK fjkjd' bka wem,a muKla ie<l+ úg" f.ä

fldaá 20 la muK fjkjd' rg jglr jrld .ia" fmar

.ia" flfi,a .ia ;sfnk rgl cSj;a jk l¿ fcdaka,d"

we,sia,d ji úi lkak fï ;rï cd;sl Okhla ldndiS

kshd lrk tl .ek wms y~d je<msh hq;af;uq'

wfkla w;g" jeisls<s Ndú; lsßfuka miq

cSúf;ag inka fhdod w;a fkdfidaok" lg f.dkakla

u;aøjH" îf.k msgfldgqfõ nia r:j,g f.dv ù"

¥ú,s" úIîc j,ska ;jo rij;a jQ wem,a úl=Kk wem,a

udu,df.ka wem,a ñ< § f.k fkdfidodu wkqNj

lrk wfma rfÜ Woúh ms<sn|j lK.dgq jkjd yer

lrkakg wka hula o ke;'

wem,a f.ähg tfrysj mefmd,a'

wfma rfÜ iajdNdúlj yefok fk,a,s f.äfha"

mefmd,a" cukdrx" jrld" ldurx.d" fjr¿" cïfnda,

f.äfha ;sfnk ms<sld j<lajk m%;sTlaIsldrl .=Kh

o we;=,q udye.s fmdaIK .=Khka ms<sn|j fuf<d

yirla fkdokakjd jqkdg" wfma rfÜ we;a;ka fndfyda

fofkl= ;ju;a ys;df.k bkafka wem,a jkdys uy

mqÿudldr .=K lkaordjla we;s m,;=rla f,ih' tfy;a

we;a; l;kaorh jkafka mefmd,a f.äfha fmdaIKh

wy,lj;a wem,a f.ähg ,x jkakg fkdyels njh'

±ka Tng jegfykjd we;s Èklg wem,a f.ähla

wkqNj lsßfuka ffjoHjrhd Tfí ksjig fkdf.kajd

isáh yelsh''' hk ngysr m%lg lshuk jydu fjkia

l< hq;=j we;s nj' Èklg wem,a f.ähla wdydrhg

.ekSfuka" Tfí ffjoHjrhd fmdfydi;a jkq we;''

f,i th fjkia l< hq;=j we;'

tneúka úfoaYsl wdydrj, we;s .=Khla fkdue;s

nj;a" fuf;lehs lsj fkdyels ;rï .=Khka we;af;a

wfma me/kakkaf.a Èú /l ÿka wfma rfÜ iajdNdúl

wdydr jra.j, nj;a" wfma rfÜ we;a;kag mila

jkafka ljod o@ wkak todg" fmdaIK úoHdj" cd;sl

wd¾Ólh úIhhkaysS,d uy ±jeka; úma,jhla isÿjkq

fkdwkqudkh' tf;la fï ms<sn|j Wkkaÿ jk" ldrKd

lghq;= wjfNdaOlr .ekSug ;rï isys nqoaêh we;s

iyDohskaf.aa ±k .ekSu msKsi by; ldrKd ál ,shd

;enQ nj fuys wjikg igyka lr ;nñ'

.euqKq id,sh fmf¾rduyck fi!LH mÍlaIl - we,a,gemunusaliyaprr@gmail.com

tajd u; .e,aùfuka miqj njg lreKq wkdjrKh

ù we;' fï i|yd ;ykï m<sfndaOkdYl j¾. jk

;srdï (Thiram) iy wdiksla wvx.= È<srkdYl o Ndú;

flfrk nj fidhdf.k we;' fuu ydkslr lghq;a;

iq,N jYfhka isÿ flfrkafka Ökh ;=< jk w;r"

j¾:udkfha§ f,dj m%uqLu wem,a fjf<kaod jkafka o

Ökhhs' fuu úI iys; ojgk ms<sn| Ökfhka wem,a

f.kajkq ,nk úhÜkduh jeks rgj,a mjd mÍlaIK

isÿ lrñka ksrka;r wjOdkfhka miq fj;;a" wfma

rfÜ tjekakla ms<sn|j ydkalúishlaj;a fkdue;'

bá .E wem,a

m,;=re l,a ;nd .ekSu i|yd isÿ lrkq ,nk

;j;a l%shdjla jkafka" m,;=re u; wdydrhg .;

yels bá j¾.hla ;ejÍuhs' fï i|yd nyq,ju Ndú;

flfrkqfha —fud¾fmd,Ska˜ (Morpholine) iy —mer*ska

˜ (Paraffin) kñka y|qkajkq ,nk bá j¾.hkah' ñka

fud¾fmd,Ska ridhkslh ms<sldldrl ,laIK fmkakqï

lrk njg iel lrk neúka" hqfrdamd ix.ufha rgj,a

;=< Ndú; lsÍu ;ykï lr we;' kuq;a wjdikdjlg

,xldjg wem,a f.kajkq ,nk rgj,a jk" Ökh "

´iafÜ%,shdj" jeks rgj, fuh ;ykï lr fkdue;'

mer*ska hkq" fmÜfÜ%da,shï msßmyÿfõ w;=re M,hls'

ixY=oaO mer*ska ydkslr fkdue;s njg ms<s.eKqk;a"

we;eï jHdmdßlhska úiska jeä ,dNhla i|yd

;;a;ajfhka nd, mer*ska Ndú; lrk njg fy<s ù

we;' fu nd, mer*ska ;=< fnkaiSka" fgd,qùka jeks

ms<sldldrl mjd wka;¾.; úh yels njg fidhd

f.k we;' ^fuys§ wm fyd|ska u;lfha ;nd .; hq;=

ldrKdjla jkafka ,xldjg f.kajkq ,nk m,;=re

jkdys f,dj ;;a;ajfhka nd, njg —lkafvï˜ jQ

tajd nj;a" Wla; m¾fhaIKj,g ,la fldg we;af;a

weußldj jeks rgj, wf<ú flfrk Wiia hehs

iïu; m,;=re nj;ah'&

jirlg wem,a f.ä fldaá 20 la lk rgla'

—we,a,˜ jeks úfoaYslhska

iq,Nj .ejfik m%foaY

;=< wem,a lv olskakg

fkdue;' ta iqÿ fcdaka,d"

we,sia,d wem,aj, meálsßh

okakd ksidh'