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Past simple, Present perfect and Present continuous tenses

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Part1: Past simple, Present perfect and Present continuous

tense’s

forms, usages and exercises.

Past simple tense

FORM

The affirmative form:

I, he, she, it was.

you, we, they were.

Examples:

I was in London in 1999.

Pam was in London in 1999, too.

We were together.

She was my girlfriend.

The interrogative form:

Was I, he, she, it?

Were you, we, they?

Examples:

Were you in London last year?

Was Pam with you?

Were you together?


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The negative form:

I, you, he, she

was not.

wasn't.

You, we, they

were not.

weren't.

Examples:

I wasn't in Paris in 1999.

Pam wasn't in Paris in 1999.

We weren't in Paris.

The most common time expressions used for the past simple are: yesterday, a week (month, year)

ago, last (month, year, weekend, Monday) night, the day before yesterday, two days (months,

years) ago. The time expression appears either at the beginning or at the end of the sentence –

never in the middle of the sentence.

USE 1 Completed Action in the Past

Use the Simple Past to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the

past. Sometimes, the speaker may not actually mention the specific time, but they do have one

specific time in mind.

Examples:

I saw a movie yesterday.

I didn't see a play yesterday.

Last year, I traveled to Japan.

Last year, I didn't travel to Korea.


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Did you have dinner last night?

She washed her car.

He didn't wash his car.

USE 2 A Series of Completed Actions

We use the Simple Past to list a series of completed actions in the past. These actions happen 1st,

2nd, 3rd, 4th, and so on.

Examples:

I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim.

He arrived from the airport at 8:00, checked into the hotel at 9:00, and met the others at

10:00.

Did you add flour, pour in the milk, and then add the eggs?

USE 3 Duration in Past

The Simple Past can be used with a duration which starts and stops in the past. A duration is a

longer action often indicated by expressions such as: for two years, for five minutes, all day, all

year, etc.

Examples:

I lived in Brazil for two years.

Shauna studied Japanese for five years.

They sat at the beach all day.

They did not stay at the party the entire time.

We talked on the phone for thirty minutes.


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A: How long did you wait for them?

B: We waited for one hour.

USE 4 Habits in the Past

The Simple Past can also be used to describe a habit which stopped in the past. It can have the

same meaning as "used to." To make it clear that we are talking about a habit, we often add

expressions such as: always, often, usually, never, when I was a child, when I was younger, etc.

Examples:

I studied French when I was a child.

He played the violin.

He didn't play the piano.

Did you play a musical instrument when you were a kid?

She worked at the movie theater after school.

They never went to school, they always skipped class.

USE 5 Past Facts or Generalizations

The Simple Past can also be used to describe past facts or generalizations which are no longer

true. As in USE 4 above, this use of the Simple Past is quite similar to the expression "used to."

Examples:

She was shy as a child, but now she is very outgoing.

He didn't like tomatoes before.

Did you live in Texas when you were a kid?

People paid much more to make cell phone calls in the past.

http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/usedto.html

http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/usedto.html


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IMPORTANT When-Clauses Happen First

Clauses are groups of words which have meaning but are often not complete sentences. Some

clauses begin with the word "when" such as "when I dropped my pen..." or "when class began..."

These clauses are called when-clauses, and they are very important. The examples below contain

when-clauses.

Examples:

When I paid her one dollar, she answered my question.

She answered my question when I paid her one dollar.

When-clauses are important because they always happen first when both clauses are in the

Simple Past. Both of the examples above mean the same thing: first, I paid her one dollar, and

then, she answered my question. It is not important whether "when I paid her one dollar" is at the

beginning of the sentence or at the end of the sentence. However, the example below has a

different meaning. First, she answered my question, and then, I paid her one dollar.

Example:

I paid her one dollar when she answered my question.

ADVERB PLACEMENT

The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever,

still, just, etc.

Examples:

You just called Debbie.

Did you just call Debbie?

ACTIVE / PASSIVE

Examples:

Tom repaired the car. ACTIVE

The car was repaired by Tom. PASSIVE


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Grammar Exercises - Simple Past Tense.

Put the verbs into the simple past:

1. Last year I (go) to England on holiday.

2. It (be) fantastic.

3. I (visit) lots of interesting places. I (be) with two friends of

mine .

4. In the mornings we (walk) in the streets of London.

5. In the evenings we (go) to pubs.

6. The weather (be) strangely fine.

7. It (not / rain) a lot.

8. But we (see) some beautiful rainbows.

9. Where (spend / you) your last holiday?

Write the past forms of the irregular verbs.

Infinitive Simple Past

1. meet .

2. drive .

3. speak .

4. put .

5. write .

6. sing .


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7. do .

8. sit .

9. stand .

10. run .

Complete the table in simple past.

Affirmative Negative Interrogative

He wrote a book.

He did not sing

Was she pretty?

Put the sentences into simple past.

1. We move to a new house. →

2. They bring a sandwich. →

3. He doesn't do the homework. →

4. They sell cars. →

5. Does he visit his friends? →

Write sentences in simple past.

1. Janet / miss / the bus →

2. she / tidy / her room →

3. Nancy / watch / not / television→


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4. she / read / a book →

Choose "Was“ or "Were“:

1. The teacher nice.

2. The students very clever.

3. But one student in trouble.

4. We sorry for him.

5. He nice though.


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Present perfect tense

FORM

Have (in the simple present) + Verb (in the past participle form)

Positive Negative Interrogative

I have worked. I have not worked. Have you worked?

NOTE:

I have worked = I've worked

He has worked = He's worked

I have not = I haven't worked

He has not = He hasn’t worked

Examples:

You have seen that movie many times.

Have you seen that movie many times?

You have not seen that movie many times.

Time Expressions with Present Perfect

Use since with a specific year or a period in the past > since 2002 / since I was a child

Use for with a number of years > for twenty years

Use ever and yet in questions and negatives > Have you ever / hasn’t been yet

Use already and never, just between have/has and the verb > has already finished / have just

been

Use before, since, for, already, many times, so far, yet at the end of a sentence or questions >

Have you been there before?


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When we use the Present Perfect it means that something has happened at some point in our lives

before now. Remember, the exact time the action happened is not important.

USE 1 Unspecified Time Before Now

We use the Present Perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified time before now. The

exact time is not important. You CANNOT use the Present Perfect with specific time

expressions such as: yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I was a child, when I lived in

Japan, at that moment, that day, one day, etc. We CAN use the Present Perfect with unspecific

expressions such as: ever, never, once, many times, several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc.

Examples:

I have seen that movie twenty times.

I think I have met him once before.

There have been many earthquakes in California.

People have traveled to the Moon.

People have not traveled to Mars.

Have you read the book yet?

Nobody has ever climbed that mountain.

A: Has there ever been a war in the United States?

B: Yes, there has been a war in the United States.

How Do You Actually Use the Present Perfect?

The concept of "unspecified time" can be very confusing to English learners. It is best to

associate Present Perfect with the following topics:

TOPIC 1 Experience

You can use the Present Perfect to describe your experience. It is like saying, "I have the

experience of..." You can also use this tense to say that you have never had a certain experience.

The Present Perfect is NOT used to describe a specific event.


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Examples:

I have been to France.

THIS SENTENCE MEANS THAT YOU HAVE HAD THE EXPERIENCE OF BEING IN FRANCE. MAYBE

YOU HAVE BEEN THERE ONCE, OR SEVERAL TIMES.

I have been to France three times.

YOU CAN ADD THE NUMBER OF TIMES AT THE END OF THE SENTENCE.

I have never been to France.

THIS SENTENCE MEANS THAT YOU HAVE NOT HAD THE EXPERIENCE OF GOING TO FRANCE.

I think I have seen that movie before.

He has never traveled by train.

Joan has studied two foreign languages.

A: Have you ever met him?

B: No, I have not met him.

TOPIC 2 Change Over Time

We often use the Present Perfect to talk about change that has happened over a period of time.

Examples:

You have grown since the last time I saw you.

The government has become more interested in arts education.

Japanese has become one of the most popular courses at the university since the Asian

studies program was established.

My English has really improved since I moved to Australia.

TOPIC 3 Accomplishments

We often use the Present Perfect to list the accomplishments of individuals and humanity. You

cannot mention a specific time.

Examples:

Man has walked on the Moon.


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Our son has learned how to read.

Doctors have cured many deadly diseases.

Scientists have split the atom.

TOPIC 4 An Uncompleted Action You Are Expecting

We often use the Present Perfect to say that an action which we expected has not happened.

Using the Present Perfect suggests that we are still waiting for the action to happen.

Examples:

James has not finished his homework yet.

Susan hasn't mastered Japanese, but she can communicate.

Bill has still not arrived.

The rain hasn't stopped.

TOPIC 5 Multiple Actions at Different Times

We also use the Present Perfect to talk about several different actions which have occurred in the

past at different times. Present Perfect suggests the process is not complete and more actions are

possible.

Examples:

The army has attacked that city five times.

I have had four quizzes and five tests so far this semester.

We have had many major problems while working on this project.

She has talked to several specialists about her problem, but nobody knows why she is

sick.

Sometimes, we want to limit the time we are looking in for an experience. We can do this with

expressions such as: in the last week, in the last year, this week, this month, so far, up to now, etc.


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Examples:

Have you been to Mexico in the last year?

I have seen that movie six times in the last month.

They have had three tests in the last week.

She graduated from university less than three years ago. She has worked for three

different companies so far.

My car has broken down three times this week.

NOTICE

"Last year" and "in the last year" are very different in meaning. "Last year" means the year

before now, and it is considered a specific time which requires Simple Past. "In the last year"

means from 365 days ago until now. It is not considered a specific time, so it requires Present

Perfect.

Examples:

I went to Mexico last year.

I WENT TO MEXICO IN THE CALENDAR YEAR BEFORE THIS ONE.

I have been to Mexico in the last year.

I HAVE BEEN TO MEXICO AT LEAST ONCE AT SOME POINT BETWEEN 365 DAYS AGO AND NOW.

USE 2 Duration From the Past Until Now (Non-Continuous Verbs)

With Non-Continuous Verbs and non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, we use the Present

Perfect to show that something started in the past and has continued up until now. "For five

http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/simplepast.html

http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/types.html



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minutes," "for two weeks," and "since Tuesday" are all durations which can be used with the

Present Perfect.

Examples:

I have had a cold for two weeks.

She has been in England for six months.

Mary has loved chocolate since she was a little girl.

Although the above use of Present Perfect is normally limited to Non-Continuous Verbs and

non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, the words "live," "work," "teach," and "study" are

sometimes used in this way even though they are NOT Non-Continuous Verbs.

ADVERB PLACEMENT


still, just, etc.

Examples:

You have only seen that movie one time.

Have you only seen that movie one time?

ACTIVE / PASSIVE

Examples:

Many tourists have visited that castle. ACTIVE

That castle has been visited by many tourists. PASSIVE

For or Since with the Present Perfect

For and since are used with the present perfect to indicate time. For is used to say how

long something has been the case (e.i. the duration.)Since, however, is used to say that

something has been true from a particular time in the past until now.


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For

Used with the present perfect, for indicates the duration, that is how long something has lasted or

has continued:

Examples:

I have been in this town for a long time.

He has known her for six years.

Since

Use since to say that something has been true from a particular time in the past until now.

Examples:

I have been in this town since I was 10 years old.

He has known her since 2008.


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Present perfect continuous tense

FORM

Have (in the simple present) been verb + ing

Affirmative Negative Interrogative

I have been working. I have not been working. Have you been working?

Note:

I have been driving = I've been driving

I have not been driving = I haven't been driving

He has been sleeping = He's been sleeping

He has not been sleeping = He hasn't been

sleeping

Examples:

I have been studying English for two years.

Have you been studying English for two years?

She's been revising her lessons.

She hasn't been hanging around with her friends.

Time Expressions in the Present Perfect Progressive (Continuous)

Use since or ever since with a specific month, year or a period in the past > I have been jogging

in this park since 2002 / He has been staring at the wall ever since he heard the news.

Use for with a number of hours, days, months, years > She’s been talking on the phone for 3

hours.

USE 1 Duration from the Past Until Now


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We use the Present Perfect Continuous to show that something started in the past and has

continued up until now. "For five minutes," "for two weeks," and "since Tuesday" are all

durations which can be used with the Present Perfect Continuous.

Examples:

They have been talking for the last hour.

She has been working at that company for three years.

What have you been doing for the last 30 minutes?

James has been teaching at the university since June.

We have been waiting here for over two hours!

Why has Nancy not been taking her medicine for the last three days?

USE 2 Recently, Lately

You can also use the Present Perfect Continuous WITHOUT a duration such as "for two weeks."

Without the duration, the tense has a more general meaning of "lately." We often use the words

"lately" or "recently" to emphasize this meaning.

Examples:

Recently, I have been feeling really tired.

She has been watching too much television lately.

Have you been exercising lately?

Mary has been feeling a little depressed.

Lisa has not been practicing her English.

What have you been doing?

IMPORTANT

Remember that the Present Perfect Continuous has the meaning of "lately" or "recently." If you

use the Present Perfect Continuous in a question such as "Have you been feeling alright?", it can


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suggest that the person looks sick or unhealthy. A question such as "Have you been smoking?"

can suggest that you smell the smoke on the person. Using this tense in a question suggests you

can see, smell, hear or feel the results of the action. It is possible to insult someone by using this

tense incorrectly.

REMEMBER Non-Continuous Verbs/ Mixed Verbs

It is important to remember that Non-Continuous Verbs cannot be used in any continuous tenses.

Also, certain non-continuous meanings for Mixed Verbs cannot be used in continuous tenses.

Instead of using Present Perfect Continuous with these verbs, you must use Present Perfect.

Examples:

Sam has been having his car for two years. Not Correct

Sam has had his car for two years. Correct

ADVERB PLACEMENT


still, just, etc.

Examples:

You have only been waiting here for one hour.

Have you only been waiting here for one hour?

ACTIVE / PASSIVE

Examples:

Recently, John has been doing the work. ACTIVE

Recently, the work has been being done by John. PASSIVE

NOTE: Present Perfect Continuous is less commonly used in its passive form.



http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/presentperfect.html


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Grammar Exercises - Present Perfect Simple and Continuous

Write sentences in present perfect simple.

1. They / play / football -

2. He / speak / English -

3. I / write / a poem -

4. We / not / wash / the car -

5. Nancy / not / meet / her friends-

Write questions in present perfect simple.

1. They / finish / their homework -

2. She / visit / her friend-

3. The maid / clean / the house -

4. He / drive / the van -

5. You / ever / write / a poem -

Put the verbs into the correct form (present perfect simple or simple past).

1. I (not / work) today.

2. We (buy) a new car last week.

3. We (not / plan) our holiday yet.

4. She (not / see) her mother for a long time.

5. He (write) a beautiful poem yesterday.


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Put the verbs into the correct form (present perfect simple or continuous).

1. I think the waiter (forget) us . We (wait) here for over half an

hour and nobody (take) our order yet.

2. I think you're right. He (walk) by us at least twenty times. He probably

thinks we (order, already) .

PRESENT PERFECT VS PAST SIMPLE

Present Perfect Past Simple

I have lived in Lyon. I lived in Lyon in 1989.

They have eaten Thai food. They ate Thai food last night.

Have you seen 'Othello'?. Where did you see 'Othello'?

We have been to Ireland. When did you go to Ireland?

Present Perfect Simple and Present Perfect Continuous

We use the present perfect tense to talk about things where there is a connection between the past

and the present.

He’s written 16 books.

He started writing books at some time in the past. So far, he has written 16 books. He may write

more books.

As well as the present perfect simple , we can use the present perfect continuous tense to talk

about events with a connection to the present.


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1 Look at these 2 sentences:

I’ve been decorating the house this summer. The focus is on the action – decorating – and the

action is unfinished.

I’ve painted the living room blue. The focus is on the finished result. The activity is finished but

we can see the result now.

We use the present perfect continuous when the focus is on an activity that is unfinished.

2 Look at these two sentences.

I’ve read that book you lent me. I finished it yesterday.

I’ve been reading that book you lent me. I’ve got another 50 pages to read.

The present perfect simple (I’ve read) gives the idea of completion while the present perfect

continuous (I’ve been reading) suggests that something is unfinished.


She’s been writing emails for 3 hours.

She’s written 10 messages.

The present perfect continuous (has been writing) talks about how long something has been

happening. The present perfect simple (has written) talks about how much/how many have

been completed.


I’ve worked here for thirty years.

I usually work in London but I’ve been working in Birmingham for the last 3 weeks.

We can use the present perfect simple to talk about how long when we view something as

permanent. But the present perfect continuous is often used to show that something is

temporary.


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Irregular verbs

Present Past PPII Meaning

be was, were been байх, болох

become became become болох

begin began begun эхлэн

blow blew blown үлээх, салхилах

break broke broken эвдлэх

bring brought brought авч ирэх

build built built барих

burst burst burst тэсрэх

buy bought bought худалдаж авах

catch caught caught барих

choose chose chosen сонгох

come came come ирэх

cut cut cut хэрчих таслах

deal dealt dealt зохицох, шийдэх, тараах

do did done хийх

drink drank drunk уух

drive drove driven жолоодох

eat ate eaten идэх

fall fell fallen унах

feed fed fed хооллох,

feel felt felt мэдрэх

fight fought fought зодолдох

find found found олох

fly flew flown нисэх

forbid forbade forbidden хориглох

forget forgot forgotten мартах


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forgive forgave forgiven уучлах

freeze froze frozen хөлдөх

get got gotten авах

give gave given өгөх

go went gone явах

grow grew grown өсөх

have had had байх

hear heard heard сонсох

hide hid hidden нуух

hold held held барих

hurt hurt hurt гэмтэх,

keep kept kept хадгалах

know knew known мэдэх

lay laid laid ширээ засах

lead led led удирдах

leave left left орхиж явах

let let let зөвшөөрөх

lie lay lain худал ярих, хэвтэх

lose lost lost хаях

make made made хийх

meet met met уулзах

pay paid paid төлбөр хийх

quit quit quit гарах

read read read унших

ride rode ridden унах /дугуй, морь/

ring rang rung утас дуугарах

rise rose risen өсөх, дээшлэх, нар мандах

run ran run гүйх

say said said хэлэх


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see saw seen харах

seek sought sought хайх

sell sold sold худалдах

send sent sent илгээх

shake shook shaken сэгсрэх

shine shone shone гялалзах

sing sang sung дуулах

sit sat sat суух

sleep slept slept унтах

speak spoke spoken ярих

spend spent spent зарцуулах

spring sprang sprung үсрэх

stand stood stood зогсох

steal stole stolen хулгайлах

swim swam swum сэлэх

swing swung swung савах

take took taken авах

teach taught taught заах

tear tore torn урах

tell told told хэлэх

think thought thought бодох

throw threw thrown шидэх

understand understood understood ойлгох

wake woke (waked) woken (waked) сэрэх

wear wore worn өмсөх

win won won ялах

write wrote written бичих


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Part2: Past simple, present perfect and present continuous tenses

usages on the text.

Written by: Charles Dickens

DAVID COPPERFIELD

My name is David Copperfield. I recorded that I was born on a Friday, at twelve o’clock

at night, at Blunderstone in Suffolk. As the clock began to strike, I began to cry. My father had

died six months before my birth. There is something strange, even now, in the reflection that he

never saw me. And something stranger still in my first memories stranger still in my first

memories of his white gravestone in the churchyard, and the pity 1 left for him lying in the cold

and the dark, when our house was warm and bright. A day before my birth, while my mother was

sitting sadly by the fire, she noticed an elderly lady walking up the garden path. The lady came

up to the window and pressing her face against the glass of the window, gestured authoritatively

to my mother to open the door. “Miss Betsy Trotwood,” said the visitor. “You have heard of her,

I dare say.” Miss Trotwood had been fond of my father, but she felt insulted when my father

marred my mother, who according to her was a “wall doll”. After that, she never met my father.

My mother welcomed her. Soon after, she declared her intension of helping to bring up my

father’s child, if it was a girl. Later , when she heard a son was born she walked out and never

come back. As time passed, I began to notice things. My first clear memories are of my mother

with very ordinary looks, and red that I wondered the birds didn’t peck them in preference to

apples. The next thing I remember is our house. It had a large number of windows which allowed

a free and abundant flow of sweet smelling summer air. There was a garden at the back with

trees stooped with ripe fruits. I have not seen such ripe and rich fruit, thereafter, in any other

garden. I recollected a winter’s evening. While playing and dancing about the parlour, I noticed

my mother sit down by the fire as she was out of breath. I watched her winding her curls round

her fingers and straightening her dress. I knew , even then , that she liked to look well, and was

proud of being so pretty. One evening Peggotty and I were sitting by the fire. Although it was

quite late, well after my bed time, I had permission to sit up until my mother came home. As the

garden-bell rang, we went out to her door. My mother was there, looking very pretty. At her side

was a gentleman with beautiful black hair and whiskers. I remembered that he had walked home

with us from church, the previous Sunday. My mother held me in her arms and kissed me. The

gentleman patted me on the head. I did not like him and was jealous that his hand should touch

my mother’s, while patting me. I pushed it away. The gentleman could clearly notice my


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annoyance. I noticed that my mother had never looked so beautiful. She thanked the gentleman

for escorting her home. She put out her hand to him and I noticed that the gentleman kissed her

little glove. He extended his hand for me to shake but I would not let him. He went away, calling

me a brave fellow. Thereafter, he started visiting our house often. I got used to him and came to

know that his name was Murdstone, in spite if his frequent visits, I still disliked him and was

jealous of him. One evening, while I was sitting with Peggotty , I left that Peggotty wanted to say

something, but somehow could not. Then at last she said, “Master David, would you like to go

with me and spend a fortnight at my brother’s place, at Yarmouth?” “is your brother a kind man,

Peggotty?” I asked. “Oh yes!: cried Peggotty.” And there is the sea, the ships and the fisherman,

and the beach; and Ham to play with.”

I was quit excited to hear of all the delights, and told Peggotty answered. My mother, willingly,

agreed to the plan, and it was all arranged that night. The day of our departure came soon. As I

had never left my mother before, I began to cry. My mother cried too. I could feel her hearth beat

against mine, when she put her arms around me.

As we left her standing, Mr Murdstone came up to her being so moved. I wondered what

business it was of his.

Present perfect tense

____________

2%

Past simple tense _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

98%

Present perfect continuous tense

0%

Present perfect and Past simple tenses usages in text


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Conclusion

I have studied

What is Past simple tense

What is Present perfect tense

What is Present perfect continuous tens gaps

What are their gaps.

I have never been try to know their gaps before. Now I knew that Past simple tense tells

the action already ended and it’s times always definitely. Past simple tenses uses yesterday, a

week (month, year) ago, last (month, year, weekend, Monday) night, the day before yesterday,

two days (months, years) ago. This is time expression and it appears either at the beginning

or at the end of the sentence , never in the middle of the sentence. And verbs must be past.

But in Present perfect tense an action has done and we can know results and the action might

be continue. Present perfect tense uses ever, never, once, many times, several times, before,

so far, already, yet, etc. And verbs must be past participle two. And in Present perfect

continuous tense to show that something started in the past and has continued up until now.

"For five minutes," "for two weeks," and "since Tuesday" are all durations which can be used

with the Present Perfect Continuous. Use since or ever since with a specific month, year or a

period in the past and use for with a number of hours, days, months, years etc. Now I can

detach the Past simple tense, present perfect tense and Present continuous tenses. This course

work was really interesting and effective for me. Now I decided to study Past continuous tens

and Past perfect tenses. Cause they have liaison. Certainly it will help my dreaming English.

It will be my purpose. I will do it perfectly.


28

Badamtseren Chinbat

Bibliography

1. Charles Dickens “DAVID COPPERFIELD” 2008

2. Dr.Prof.Dagiimaa.Ts “SYNTAX” 2014

3. Virginia Evans, Lynda Edwards “UPSTREAM” Advanced1

4. http://www.englishpage.com/

5. http://www.gingersoftware.com/

6. http://www.myenglishpages.com/

7. http://needaenglish.blogspot.com/

http://www.englishpage.com/

http://www.gingersoftware.com/

http://www.myenglishpages.com/

http://needaenglish.blogspot.com/

курсийн ажил бадамцэрэн

Education