ဂ်ဴး မိန္းမႏွစ္ေယာက္

rdef;rESpfa,muf

(*sL;)

(cspfjcif;\tEkynmeSifh0w¬Kwdkrsm;rS)

*sL; rdef;rESpfa,muf

- (1) -

tvkyfoifq&m0ef trsKd;orD;aqmif\ ckwifuav;onf usOf;ajrmif;

ao;i,faomfvnf; oli,fcsif;ESpfa,muf ab;csif;,SOfvsuf 0rf;vsm;arSmuf

tdyfum wpfa,mufudkwpfa,muf iJhMunhf pum;ajymEdkif&Hkawmh us,f0ef;ygonf/

acgif;tHk;ay: vufaxmufvsuf vufz0g;ay: ar;wifum jywif;aygufrSwqifh

aumif;uifudk armhMunhfjyHK;aeaom xkdrsuf0ef;rsm;onf ausmif;rSmwkef;uvdkyif

El;nhHae\/

uRefrwdkYESpfa,mufonf tcspftaMumif; ajym&rnfht&G,frsm; r[kwfawmh

aomfvnf; wdwfqdwfvSyaom nu uRefrwdkYudk odrfarGUpGm jyKpm; vdkufaomtcg

uRefrwdkY arhavsmhxm;aom emrnfwpfckudk a&&GwfrdMuawmhonf/

i,fpOfwkef;uawmh ,ckvdknrsKd;rSm v0ef;udk jrif&csifonf/

v&dyf&Tef;jraom wdrfrQifrsm;udk wa&GUa&GU o,faqmifoGm;onfh avtvsOf

aemufodkY pdwfomrubJ vludk,fwdkif vdkufyg vGifhajrmvdkonf/ narT;yef;&eHYrsm;

oif;xHkaernfqdkvQif nonf NyD;jynhfpHkaom *DwoHpOfwpfckyrm om,m

aeawmhonf/ xdknrsKd;rSm uRefrwdkYESpfa,muf csKdNyHK;\ ]] wuúodkvfausmif;u

aiGvrif; }} oDcsif;udk wdk;wdk;zGzG nnf;cJhMuzl;avonf/

,ckawmh uRefrwdkYonf *DwESifh awmfawmfa0;uGmcJhNyD/ oDcsif;nnf;EdkifzdkY

oHpOfudkvnf; arhavsmhvkeD;yg; jzpfaeNyD/ aeYpOf &ifqdkifawGUMuHKae&aom

cspfjcif;\tEkynmESifh0w¬Kwdkrsm; pmrsufESm (1)


a0'emonfrsm;? a&m*grsm;? ted|m&Hk tjzpfrsm;tMum; aq;&HkESifh aq;cef;wdkYudk

puf&kyfyrm ul;ajymif;vIyf&Sm;aecJh&aom uRefronf tvkyfrSwpfyg; tjcm;t&m

rsm;udk arhavsmhvkeD;yg; jzpfaeNyD/ odkYaomf ,ckvdk trSwfrxif jyefvnfqHkawGUNyD

qdkawmh reufu MuHKcJh&aom pdwfusOf;usyfzG,f&m pmar;yJG tawGUtMuHKudk

jyefvnf&,farm&if;uyif wpfa,muftaMumif; wpfa,muf qufpyfrdzdkY

ar;jref;í tm;r&Edkifatmif &Sdavonf/

]] orD;u tck ajcmufESpfav? rathrdwfuyfbl;awG arTaESmufNyD;

aumif;aumif; tysKdvkyf tvSjyifwwfaeNyD td&JU? orD; MuD;vm&if bmvkyfrvJ

ar;wdkif; &kyf&Sifrif;orD;vdkY ajzajzaevdkY renf; aigufxm;&w,f }}

&,farmvdkufaom oli,fcsif;\ toHwGif orD;tay: tjypfwifvdkonfh

t&dyftaiGU vHk;0 ryg0ifbJ *kPf,laom [efyefudkyif uRefr cHpm;rdonf/ olr\

orD;onf olrvdkyif oG,fvspGm vSyEl;nhHayvdrfhrnf/

]] acsmrSmayghaemf rdatmif }}

]] tdk; ... acsmrS acsm? rsufvHk;uav;awGu MunfpifaewmyJ td&,f }}

uRefronf atmif i,fpOfu El;nhHMunfvifaom rsuf0ef;vSvS

uav;rsm;udk owd&oGm;onf/ [dkwkef;u ezl;ajymifNyD; qHyiftv,fcJG

zm;vsm;csxm;onfh yHkpHrsKd; acwfpm;\/ cg;txd&Snfaom ajzmifhpif;yg;vsm;onfh



qHyif tdtduav;rsm;onf atmifhrsufESm oG,foG,fuav;ESifh tvGef

vdkufzufcJhygonf/

]] eifuvJ ... "mwfyHkt,fvfbrfav; bmav;awmif ,lrvmbl; [,f }}

atmifhorD;udk jrifcsifpdwfjzifh uRefr tjypfwifawmh atmifu ycHk;wGefYum

&,farm\/

]] [Jh ... eifvmajzr,frSef;rS rodwm td&JU? igujzifh eif trftufpfpD

atmifNyD;NyDawmif xifaewm }}

]] tr,fav; ... tJ'D yg;pyfuav; a&Tcsxm;zdkY aumif;vdkufwmaemf/ }}

uRefr uawmh oGm;av&m&mrSm om;"mwfyHkudk ,lvmzdkY rarhol jzpfonf/

pm;yGJay:rSm axmifxm;aom om;\ "mwfyHkudk atmifu vSrf;Munhfae\/

]] eifhom;u eifeJY rwlovdkyJaemf td }}

uRefr vSpfceJ jyHK;vdkufrdavonf/

wpfESpfom;t&G,f om;uav;onf olYzat udk,fyGm;uav;[k vlwdkif;u

rSwfcsufcsMu\/

]] olYtazeJYwlwm atmif &JU }}



atmifu rsufarSmifMuKwfum om;"mwfyHkudk aphaphMunhf jyHK;\/

om;taz\ ausmif;om;b0 &kyf&nfudk atmifu jyefvnfrSef;qaeyHk &ygonf/

ausmif;NyD;rS uRefrwdkY awGqHkvufxyfMujcif;jzpfí om;tazudk atmif

rsufrSef;wrf;rdrSm r[kwf/ uRefrwdkYxuf wpfwef;BuD;NyD; wpfESpfapmí bGJU&cJhaom

om;tazuvnf; atmifhudk rodovdk Za0Z0g jzpfaecJh\/

]] td ... eifhom; rsufvHk;awGu [dkwpfa,muf&JY rsufvHk;awGvdkyJaemf?

t&rf; awmufywmyJ }}

[dkwpfa,muf ... / uRefrwdkYESpfa,muftMum;wGif [dkwpfa,muf[laom

pum;vHk;onf tvGef&if;ESD;uRrf;0ifaom cspfpzG,f emrfpm;wpfck jzpfcJhaomfvnf;

10 ESpfavmuf MumNyD;aemufrS yxrqHk;tBudrf jyefvnfMum;vdkuf&aomtcg

uRefr tenf;i,f awGa0oGm;\/ atmifu uRefr ycHk;udk zswfceJ &dkufum

&,farmonf/

]] Munhfprf; rdef;r? tckawmh eif arhNyDayghav }}

uRefr atmifhpum;udk jiif;y,fcsifpdwfjzifh acgif;cg,rf;rdaomfvnf;

rMumcP owd&rdaMumif;awmh 0efrcHvdkyg/ xdkYaemuf uRefrwdkY ESpfa,mufvHk;

wdwfqdwfNidrfoufoGm;\/ atmifh rsufvHk;rsm;udk uRefr tuJcwfMunhfrdonf/

NyHK;aeaom atmifhrsufvHk;rsm; tenf;i,f pdkufai;oGm;onfudk uRefr &dyfrdonf/

]] ol trftufpfpD rajzawmhbl;eJY wlw,faemf td }}



atmifhtoHu vIyfcgrI ygonf qdk&Hkuav;/

]] ol ydkYpwifawmif r0ifjzpfao;bl;vdkY owif;Mum;wm atmif&JY }}

atmifu uRefrudk rsufvHk;jyL;Munfhonf/ olr rodvdkufaom

[dkwpfa,muf taMumif;udk uRefrodaewm thHMo[ef &Sdygonf/

]] eif eJY awGUao;vm;[if }}

atmifhtar;udk uRefr acgif;cg,rf; jy&if; jyHK;rdonf/

]] [ifhtif; ... eifa&m }}

]] rawGUygbl;[,f? b,fhES,fvkyf awGUyghrvJ? wpfNrdKUpD wpfb0pD }}

uRefr atmifhvufudk qkyfnSpfvdkufonf/ xdkYaemuf uRefrwdkY

wpfa,mufudkwpfa,muf rsufESmcsif;qdkif aphaphMunhfrdMuavonf/



- (2) -

vGefcJhaom q,fh&SpfESpfwkef;u tdtdudk ESifh csKdESif;atmifonf ESpfpOf

cHkeHygwfcsif; uyfvsufusNyD; taqmifwGif ESpfpOf wpfcef;wnf; wGJaecJhMuum

wpfa,mufudkwpfa,muf cspfcifwG,fwmaom oli,fcsif;ESpfa,muf jzpfcJhonf/

uRefru tom;jzLum t&yfykNyD; atmifu tom;ndKum &SnfoG,f\/

uRefru qHyifwdkwdk a,musmf;av;qHyifyHkpH jzpfNyD; atmifu

cg;atmufa&mufaom ajzmifhpif;eufarSmifonfh qHyifrsm;udk ydkifqdkif\/ uRefr\

rsufvHk;rsm;u rnf;euf0dkif;pufNyD; atmifhrsufvHk;rsm;u ndKvJhel;nHhonf/ uRefru

&Srf;acgufqGJ qefjym;udk BudKufESpfoufNyD; atmifu rEÅav;rkefYwDudk

BudKufESpfoufonf/ xdkpOfu &kyf&Sifrif;om; &dkif,eftdkeD;vfudk oabmusNyD;

atmifu a&mbwf&ufzdkY'fudk oabmusonf/ uRefru ntdyfvQif

zefacsmif;zGifhvsuf pmzwf&if; tdyfaysmfonfh tusifh&SdNyD; atmifu rD;vif;vQif

vHk;0 rtdyfwwfaom tusifh&Sdonf/ uRefru pdwfvdkvuf&&SdvGef;rS rsufESmudk

oeyfcg;yg;yg; vl;wwfNyD; tjrJvkdvdk rsufESmajymifESifh tvSjyifzdkY

ysif;&dwwfaomfvnf; atmifu aeYpOf em&D0ufeD;yg; Mumatmif qHyifESifh rsufESm

tvSjyKjyifcsdef ,lavh&Sdonf/



tppt&m&m toGifrwl uGJjym;aom uRefrESifh atmifonf

thHMozdkYaumif;pGmyif tcsufESpfcsufwGifawmh vmí wlae\/ yxr wlnDrIrSm

ESpfa,mufpvHk; vufywfem&D ywfonfhtusifh r&SdMujcif; jzpfonf/

yxrwlnDrIu uRefrwdkYESpfa,muftwGuf xl;jcm;onfh jyóem

rjzpfcJhaomfvnf; 'kwd, wlnDrIuawmh OD;aESmufajcmufp&m jyóemwpfck

jzpfcJh\/ uRefrwdkY twef;rS a,musmf;av;wpfa,mufudk NydKifwl

BudKufESpfoufrdMujcif; jzpfygonf/

yxrESpf trfbDwGif twef;xJü uif;ESifhuGif; a&G;aomtcsdefrS

pwifcJhonf/ wpfwef;vHk;u rJtrsm;qHk; ay;xm;aom zwfpftrfbDuif;udk

uRefrwdkYESpfa,muf oabmrwlcJhyg/ taqmifjyefa&mufawmh uRefr wdwfwdwfa&G;

xm;aom uif; &Sdonf[k atmifhudk ajymrdonf/ atmifuvnf; olr

wdwfwdwfa&G;xm;ol &SdonfwJh/ &,fp&maumif;aeonfu uRefrwdkY ESpfa,mufvHk;

udk,fa&G;rdonfh vl\emrnfudk udk,frodMuay/ aemufwpfaeY twef;wufawmhrS

rdrda&G;cs,foludk wdwfwcdk; nTefjyawmh ESpfa,mufvHk;u wpfa,mufwnf;udk

a&G;cJhrdaMumif; wthHwMo od&onf/

xdktcsdefrSpí uRefrwdkY oli,fcsif;ESpfOD;\ &ifxJodkY olu pwif

0ifa&muf vmcJhygonf/ olonf pmawmfonfh ausmif;om;pm&if;wGifvnf; ryg?

pmnhHonfh ausmif;om;pm&if;wGifvnf;ryg? omref tv,ftvwfwef;pm;

jzpf\/ tom;vwfvwf? t&yfredrfhrjrifh? udk,fcE¨m uspfvpfonf/



oG,fvsaomfvnf; tom;jynhfjynhf rsufESmjyifonf acsmarGUae\/ olY

wpfudk,fvHk;wGif tiftm;taumif;qHk;rSm rsufvHk;rsm; jzpf\/ xdkrsufvHk;rsm;onf

uRefrtm; ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm olYudk owd&atmif ñ§dKU,lxm;cJhavonf/

tcspfqdkwmudk rawGUMuHKzl;aom q,fhckESpfESpft&G,fawGrdkY uRefrESifh

atmifonf cspfp&maumif;aom xdkaumifuav;ESifh rsufvHk;csif; qHkrdatmif

b,fvdk vkyfMu&&if aumif;rvJ[k ayghayghyg;yg;yif usdwf aqG;aEG;cJhMu\/

owÅdraumif;vSao;aom yxrESpf trfbDrSmawmh uRefrwdkYonf olYvufawGUcef;

a&SUrS jzwfavQmufMunhf&Hkavmufom jzpf\/ 'kwd,ESpftrfbD a&mufawmh

uRefrwdkY tenf;i,f &J0hHNyD/ wpfaeYrSmawmh ol aumf&pf'grSm vrf;avQmufoGm;cdkuf

uRefrwkdY ESpfa,muf olYaemufodkY cyfokwfokwf vdkufoGm;Mu\/ olY a&SUtxd

ausmfoGm;NyD;rS uRefrwdkYESpfa,muf wdkifyifxm;onhf twdkif; olYudk vSnhfMunhfum

]] b,fESpfem&D &SdNyDvJ }} [k NydKifwlar;vdkufMuonf/ ol wkHYceJ &yfoGm;um

uRefrwdkY ESpfa,mufudk cyf&Sef;&Sef;MunhfNyHK;NyD;rS olYvufudk ajrSmufMunhf\/

xdkYaemuf cyfzGzG wpfcsuf&,fum ]] uRefawmhfvJ em&D rygbl; cifAs }} [k

odrfharGUpGm tajzay;avonf/ wpfwef;wnf;om;awGrSef; rsufrSef;wef;rdygvsuf

uRefrwdkYESifh ol csufcsif; cifrifroGm;cJhay/

olonf oli,fcsif; owfowfrSwfrSwf xm;í aygif;oif;olr[kwf/

olYab;wGif twef;om; wpfa,mufNyD;wpfa,muf vJajymif;ygvmavh &Sdonf/

olYab;rSm oli,fcsif;awG ygvmvQif uRefrwdkYESpfa,muf olYudk vHk;0rMunfhbJ



wpfa,mufwnf;vmrS ol owdxm;rdavmufatmif uRefrwdkY ESpfa,mufu

rsufvHk;csif; qHkypfvdkufMuawmhonf/ xdktcg olu uRefrwdkY ESpfa,mufudk

jyHK;jyawmhrvdkvdk? pum;ajymawmhrvdkvdk Za0Z0g rsufvHk;rsm; cyfpdkufpdkufMunhfum

wpfzufvSnhfNyD; NyHK;oGm;wwf\/ xdktcgrsKd;wGf uRefrwdkYESpfa,mufonf olY

rsufvHk;rsm;\ qGJiifrIudk jyefvnfawG;awm cHpm;&if; taqmifodkY

wdwfqdwfNidrfoufpGm jyef&avh &Sdygonf/

wpfcgwkef;uawmh a,musmf;wdkY\ udk,feHYtaMumif; uRefrwdkYESpfa,muf

aqG;aEG;jiif;cHkMu&if; olYudk,feHYudk pyfpkvdkpdwf aygufcJhMuzl;onf/ cufaeonfrSm

uRefrwdkYESifh olu tjrJwrf; tzJGUcGJ rwlaomaMumifh vufcsmcsdefrS wpfyg; tjcm;

vufawGUtcsdefrsm;wGif b,fawmhrQ wpfcef;wnf; r&SdMuay/ eD;eD;uyfuyfvnf;

r&yfcJhMuzl;ay/ onfawmh olYudk,feHY pk;&Sovm;? azsmhrSdefovm;? &eHYoif;ovm;

uRefrwdkY rodEdkifay/ olESifh eD;uyfzdkY tcGihfta&;rSm vufcsmcsdefom jzpf\/

wpfaeYrSmawmh uRefrwdkY xkdifaeus a&SUqHk;atmufbufcHkrsm;wGif rxdkifawmhbl;[k

qHk;jzwfum cef;rxJodkY a&SUaygufrS r0ifbJ aemufaygufrS wufcJhMuonf/

atmifESifh uRefronf olxdkifaeus ab;twef;u cHkrsm;&Sd&m rsufpda0hMunhfvsuf

tay:pD;rS jrifae&aom aemufausmrsm;? aemufaphrsm;udk cGJjcrf;&SmazG&if;

wpfxpfcsif; qif;vmcJhMu\/ rsufpdvsifaom atmifu tvsifjrif\/

uHtm;avsmfpGmyif olxdkifaeaom cHk\ aemufbufcHkwef;rSm a,musfm;av;

wpfa,mufrQ 0ifxdkifraecJhay/ uRefrwdkYonf rsufESmajymifajymifjzifhyif olESifh

uyfvsufcHkrSm olYaemufwnfhwnfhü 0ifxkdifvdkufMu\/ yxrawmh



pmoifonfudkom tm&Hkpl;pdkufwwfaom olu r&dyfrday/ aemufawmh

wdk;wdk;usdwfusdwf ajymaom rdef;uav;oHrsm; Mum;&vdkYvm; rod? oljAKef;ceJ

vSnfhMunhfonf/ uRefrwdkY ESpfa,muf udk,fudk a&SUudkif;NyD; olYaumfvm

vnfukyfem;wGif ESmacgif;yGpdyGpdjzifh tvkyf&Iyfaeonfudk ol jrifoGm;\/ atmifh

rsufvHk;rsm;ESifh tvsif&ifqdkifrdNyD;aemuf olYrsufvHk;rsm; uRefrxH a&mufvmonf/

uRefr atmifhvdk ai;aMumifroGm;bJ olYudk jyHK;jyvdkufygonf/ xdktcg

olYrsufvHk;rsm; vufceJ awmufygoGm;atmif jyHK;jyNyD; aemufjyefvSnfhoGm;

avonf/

]] arT;w,faemf atmif ... reHbl; }} [k uRefr atmifhudk wdk;wdk;usdwfusdwf

ajymawmh atmifu uRefrudk 0rf;yef;wenf; Munhfonf/ olr\ vufcsmpmtkyf

zGifhvufp pmrsufESm tay:ydkif;ü pmwpfaMumif; cyfoGufoGufa&;NyD; uRefrudk

jy\/

]] eif bmjzpfvdkY olYudk oGm;jyHK;jy&wmvJ? eif wpfudk,faumif;qefw,f }}

wJh/

uRefr aemifw&oGm;ygonf/

]] ig rodbl; atmif&,f? olYudk odyfjyHK;jycsifwmyJ? pdwfqdk;vm; }} [k

atmifhpmaMumif;atmufrSmyif pmjyefa&;NyD; awmif;yefawmh olru jyefa&;\/



]] aemufudk eif wpfa,mufwnf; uGufNyD; rjyHK;eJYaemf? jyHK;jyzdkY tpDtpOf

&Sd&if ighudk BudKajymxm;yg? igvJ jyHK;r,f }} wJh/

xdktcsdefrSpí uRefrwdkYESifhqHkvQif jyHK;jy EIwfqufaom tavhwpfck ol &&Sd

vmcJhonf/ xdkYjyif uRefrwdkY ESpfa,muf&Sd&m vufawGUcef; odkYr[kwf vlemaqmif

odkY taMumif;r&Sd taMumif;&Smí vmwwfNyD; uRefrwdkYudk jyHK;jyavh&Sdonf/

xdkYaemuf olYrsuf0ef;rsm;wGif t"dyÜm,f azmf&cufaom NidwG,frIwpfckudk aysmf&TifpGm

uRefrwdkY awGU&awmhonf/ xdkt&dyfuav;rS aemufwpfqif; wufvmzdkY

&ifckefarmyef;pGm uRefrwdkY apmifh&if; wpfa,mufudkwpfa,mufvnf;

tvpfray;bJ apmifhMunfhcJhMu avonf/

ol uRefrwdkYESpfa,mufESifh rqHkqHkatmif taMumif;&Smí ñ§dKU,ljyHK;jywm

uawmh rSefyg&JU? uRefrwdkYESpfa,mufrSwpfyg; tjcm; b,frdef;rudkrQ rsufvHk;csif;

qHkíyif rMunfhwmvnf; rSefyg&JY? b,folYudk vdkufaewm[laom owif;

odk;odk;oefYoefY uav;rQ olESifh ywfoufí rMum;&onfrSmvnf; rSefyg&JU/

odkYaomf uRefrwdkY ESpfa,mufteuf rnfolYudk ol pdwf0ifpm;wmvJ/ rnfolYudk ol

jrwfEdk;wG,fwmygovJ/ uRefrwdkY ESpfa,muf tajzxkwfzdkY BudK;pm;cJhMu\/

olonf uRefrwdkYESpfa,muf wGJvmvQif jyHK;jy&if; atmifhudk yxrqHk;

Munhf\/ 'gudkvnf; uRefruawmh atmifht&yf&SnfvdkY atmihfudk ol tvsif

jrifrdwmaygh[k [mopGufum pdwfvSnfhpm; auseyfcJhwmygyJ/ xdkrsuf0ef;wGif

NidwG,frI rsm;pGm yg0ifaMumif;awmh uRefr xdwfvefYpGm &dyfrdygonf/ odkYaomf



csufcsif;yif atmifhxHrS rsuf0ef;u uRefrxH a&mufvmNyD; uRefrudk pl;&SpGm

ñ§dKU,laom rsuf0ef;rsm; jzpfoGm;jyefonf/ atmifhudkMunhfaom rsuf0ef;xJrSm

jrwfEdk;rI yg0ifvsif uRefrudkMunhfaom rsuf0ef;xJrSm rufarmwrf;wrI

yg0ifonf[k uRefr ajym&ygvdrfhrnf/

]] td&m ... vkyfraeygeJY? ol ighudk cspfaew,f[? aocsmw,f }} atmifu

uRefr rcHcsifatmif ajymavh&SdNyD; uRefruvnf; tm;usrcH ]] Munfhae rdatmif?

ol ighudk a[m'D wpfESpftwGif; &nf;pm;pum; ajymvmap&r,f odvm; }} [k

olrudk rMumcP twnfayguf qGay;avh&Sdygonf/

olYNidwG,frIonf uRefr xHrSmvm;? atmifhxHrSmvm; twdtus odvdkpdwf

rsm;vmaomtcg uRefrwdkYESpfa,muf tjrTmnDtpfrvdk tjrJwGJaeí rjzpfawmhbl;[k

ESpfa,mufvHk; em;vnfvmcJhonf/ olonf uRefr a&SUwGif atmifhudk wrf;wjyzdkY

cJ,Of;vdrfhrnf jzpfovdk atmifa&SUwGif uRefrudk ai;armwG,fwmzdkYvnf;

cJ,Of;ayvdrfhrnf/ xdktcsdefrSpí uRefrESifh atmifonf rMumcP ododomom

(ESpfOD;oabmwl) cGJxGufum vufawGUprf;oyfcJhMuonf/ wpfaeYMuKHawGUorSsudk

t&if;twdkif; NyefvnfaNymNycJhMuonf/ wpfcgwpf&H oli,fcsif;ESpfa,muf

wpfa,mufwpfae&mpD cGJxGuf&if; cyfvSrf;vSrf; ol rNrifuG,f&mavmufqDrS

tuJcwfMunfhzl;ao;\/ olonf uRefr rygbJ atmifhukdNrif&vSsif wpfcsufom

pl;pkdufMunfhNyD; olYrsufpdu [kd[kdonfonf vkdufMunfhtuJcwfavh&dS\/

cyfvSrf;vSrf;rSm uRefracsmifuyfí &Sdaeao;aMumif; NrifoGm;vSsifawmh vSpfceJ



NyKH;Nyvdkufaom olYrsuf0ef;rsm; atmufrSm uRefr ñTwfacGoGm;awmhrwwf

MunfEl;aysmf&Tif &avonf/ okdYaomf uRefrudk tvsifNrifawGUNyD; atmifhukd

rawGU&onfh tcgrsdK;wGifvnf; ol atmifhudk ysmysmovJ a0h0J&SmMunfhNrJ Nzpf\/

atmifhudkNrifoGm;vQif olYa&SUrSm uRefr eD;uyfpGm &dSaeygvsuf atmifwpfa,mufom

avmuwGif&Sdaeovdk ol NyKH;Ny EIwfquf oGm;Nyefavonf/ uRefrwdkY\

enf;y&d,m,fonf olYpdwfukd cGJNcm;odzkdY rpGrf;omcJhay/

onfvdkESifhyif olonf uRefrwdkYESpfa,mufudk aq;wuúokdvf

oufwrf;wpfavQmufvkH; b,fa,musfm;xHrS pdwfrupm;Nzpfatmif xdef;csKyf

ñ§dKU,lpGrf;&dSaom aumifuav; NzpfcJhygonf/



- (3) -

uRefrwdkYcspf&aom xdkaumifuav;\ acsmrGwfvif;vufaom rsufESmESifh

awmufyaomtNyKH;udk Nyefvnf&ifckef&if; tcsdKUnrsm;wGif uRefrwkdYonf

wpfckwifwnf; ab;csif;,SOftdyfvsuf wpfa,mufvufudk wpfa,mufqkyfudkifum

rQa0cHpm;cJhzl;onf/

“ td&,f ... ig eifhudk b,favmufcspfw,fqkdwm eifodw,fr[kwfvm;” [k atmifu 0rf;enf;pGm ar;zl;onf/ uRefr &kwfw&uf rsuf&nfa0hum

acgif;cyfoGufoGuf ndwfNyrd\/

“ wu,fvdkYrsm; olu ighudk zGifhaNymvmcJh&if igolYukd vufcHr,fvdkYrsm;

eifxifovm;[if ... td ”

xdkar;cGef;udk uRefr raNzyJ cyf&dyf&dyf NyKH;aeaomtcg atmifu

rsuf&nf0Jvsufu uRefrvufudk qkyfudkifzspfn§pfavonf/

“ ig ... olYudk Niif;ypfrSmyg td&,f? wu,faNymwmyg? eif,kHprf;yg[m/

rdatmif[m oli,fcsif;udk cspfolxufydkNyD; wefzkd;xm;wm eif awGUvmygvdrfhr,f”

atmifhtoH wkd;wdk;av;u ckdifrmNywfom;aeonf/



“ ig,kHygw,f atmif&m ..../ 'gayr,fh bmrSrqdkifbl; atmif&JU/

oli,fcsif;qdkwm wpfoufvkH; vufwGJoGm;vdkYrS r&bJ/ cspfolqdkwmu cifyGef;

tNzpf ,kHMunfudk;pm;xkdufolqdk&if wpfoufvkH; udk,fhab;rSm aumif;wlqkd;zuf

Muifemr,fhol atmif&JU? pdwful;r,OfcsifeYJ atmif? rwlwm ESpfckudk ,SOfMunfhNyD;

tom;vGwf tepfemcHwJh ol&Jaumif;pdwfrsdK; rarG;prf;eJY? ol eifhudkrS cspfvmNyD

qdk&if eif 'Davmufcspf&wJhvludk b,folYtwGufaMumifhrS qkH;&IH;rcHeJY odvm;/ ”

uRefr wdk;wdwfpGm ESpfodrfhrdaomtcg atmifu tdyf&mrS xxkdifum

uRefrudk ikHYpdkufMunfhNyD; awGa0ae\/ xdkYaemuf ar;oifhrar;oifh csdefqaeykH

rsufESmxm;Nzifh uRefrudk ar;cGef;wpfck ar;ygonf/

“ eifqdkvkdwmu wu,fvdkY olu eifhudk cspfvmcJh&if ighudk riJhbJ eif

olYudk vufcHr,faygh ... [if/”

tvGef aNz&cufaom ar;cGef;wpfck Nzpfygonf/ uRefru atmifhvdk

pdwful;,Ofwwfol r[kwfay/ wu,fwrf;awmh olYudk &,lydkifqkdifzkdYtwGuf

b,folYrsuf&nfESifh vJ&vJ&? uRefr vJ&ufygonf/ okdYaomf tNzpfrSefudk atmifhudk

zGifhraNym&ef uRefr xdef;csKyfcJh&\/ atmifhudk NyKH;Munfhum ydyd&d&d vdrf&onf/



“b,fvufcHrvJ atmif&m/ apmapmuaNymwJh pum;u ighudk eif

n§mp&mrvdkbl;vdkY eifodapcsifvkdY aNymvdkufwmyg? 'Dr,f Munfhprf;? olYudkig

b,favmufyJ cspfcspf b,fawmhrS r,lbl;odvm; atmif”

uRefr\ vdrfvnfrI b,favmuf yDNyifovJqdkvSsif atmifhrsuf0ef;rsm;

vufueJ NzpfoGm;um uRefrudk tm;&yg;& zufayGU&,farm&if; atmif

rsuf&nfuscJhygonf/ atmifhrsuf&nfukd NrifrS uRefr atmifhudk ydkcspfoGm;um

rsuf&nfus &,farmrdawmhonf/

okdYaomf atmifonf uRefrtay: iJhñ§mpdwfNzifh olYudk

wu,fpGefYvTwfrSmvm;qdkwm uRefr oHo,0ifwmawmh trSefyJNzpfyg\/

acgif;pOfawG cGJa0rQ,lí pmusufNyD; Nyef&Sif;NyonfhtcgrsdK;utp vlemprf;oyf

avhvmonftxd wpfa,mufeJYwpfa,muf iJhñ§mum at;twlyltrSs cHpm; cGJa0

cJhMuaom uRefrwdkYESpfa,muftm; a,musfm;wpfa,mufu tvG,fwul

pdrf;um;uGJuGm apEdkifvdrfhrnf[k xifonf/

uRefr olYudk vufcHvkdufvQif atmifhtrkef;udk uRefr &&dSvmrnfvm;/

'gudkawmh uRefr rcefYrSef;wwfay/ xdkoHo,onf uRefrtay: umvrsm;pGm

vTrf;rdk;xm;cJhonf/ atmif olYudk vufcHvdkufvSsifawmh uRefr emusifpGm 0rf;enf;

rdrnf/ aemufNyD; &Suf&GHUodrfi,frdrnf/ okdYaomf atmifhudk b,fawmhrS rkef;wD;rdrSm

r[kwf/ 'guawmh aocsmonf/ uRefrwdkY okH;a,muf\ wdwfwcdk; Nyóemonf

aemufqkH;ESpf tydkif; c pmar;yGJNyD;qkH;í ol NyifOD;vGifwGif tvkyfoifq&m0eftNzpf



wm0efusNyD;? uRefrwkdYESpfa,mufu rEÅav;aq;&kHMuD;wGif wm0efuscdsefwGif

vGrf;qGwfwozG,f&m NzpfoGm;cJhao;\/ aemuf odyfrMumrDrSmyif qkH;cef;wdkif

tNzpfokdY a&mufcJhygonf/ b,fvdkrQ arQmfvifhrxm;aom Zmwfodrf;av;Nzpfonf/

NyifOD;vGifwGif awGU&aom ausmif;q&mrav;wpfa,mufESifh ol vufxyfoGm;Ncif;

yif Nzpfygonf/

olYzdwfpmudk tNcm;oli,fcsif;rsm;ESifhtwl uRefrwdkY vufcH&&dScJhygonf/

taqmifae ausmif;olb0vdk uRefrwdkYESpfOD; tcef;oyfoyfom

aecGifh&vQif tcef;wHcg;udk apmapmydwfum wdwfqdwfNidrfoufpGmyif

rsuf&nfuscsif usrdEkdifonf/ uHqdk;0g;pGmyif tvkyfoifq&m0ef trsdK;orD;aqmif

rSm tcef;oD;oefY r&dSaom cef;rus,fBuD;xJwGif ckwifrsm; pDwef;xm;Ncif;

NzpfaomaMumifh uRefrwdkY tcef;wHcg; rydwfedkifay/ ESpfa,mufvkH; NyKdifwl

apmapmtdyf&m0if MuzkdYvnf; &Suf&GHUaeMuaomaMumifh uRefrESifh atmifonf

aq;&kH0if;xJwGif wpfa,mufvuf wpfa,mufwGJum Nznf;ñ§if;pGm vrf;avQmuf

aecJhMuonf/ uRefrwdkY ESpfa,mufvkH; wrf;waom aiGvrif;taMumif;

raNymrdatmif [efaqmifrsdKodyf&if; vlemESifh a&m*grsm;taMumif; [efvkyfaqG;aEG;

aecJhMuao;\/ vrf;avQmuf&if; 'l;rsm; ñTwfacGcsum idkcsifpdwf ay:vmvQifawmh

eufNyma&mif aumif;uifrS v0ef;udk vdkuf&SmarmhMunfh&if; aNcmufuyfpGm &,farm

cJhMuavonf/



nonf wNznf;Nznf; wdwfqdwfpGm euf&Idif;vmonf/ aemufqkH;awmh

xdef;csKyfxm;rIu NydKuGJoGm;avonf/

“ol wdkYudk rcspfbl;vm;[if ... td”

tufuGJaom atmifhpum;oHuav;ü &Suf&GHUrIrsm;pGm yg0ifaeaomaMumifh

uRefr oem;oGm;ygonf/ atmifh rsufESmwpfNcrf;udk tkyfrdk;aeaom

qHyifaysmhuav;rsm;udk uRefr vufESifh oyfz,fay;&if; NyKH;Nyrdonf/

“tcspfqdkwm wkdYxifwmxuf ykdNyD; em;vnf&cufw,feJY wlw,f

atmif&,f/ aemufNyD; a,musfm;awG&JUtcspf[m rdef;rawG&JU tcspfeJYrwlbl;wJh”

uRefrpum;u prf;w0g;0g;ekdifvGef;oNzifh uRefrbmudk qkdvkdrSef;

uRefrukd,fwkdifyif rodekdifatmif Nzpfaeygonf/

“ol wkdYudk owd&aer,fvdkY xifvm;[if”

“ol wdkYukd owd&aerSm aocsmwmaygh atmif&JU/ ckESpfESpfwdwd

wG,fwmcJhwJh oHa,mZOfMudK;udk tckrSawGU&wJh rdef;rwpfa,mufu b,fvkdvkyf

NzwfawmufypfedkifyghrvJ? ol ...wkdYukd arhrSmr[kwfbl;”

atmifhudk vdrf&orSs pum;xJwGif þpum;onf ,kwdÅrwefqkH;

Nzpfygonf/



uRefrwdkYESpfa,mufonf olYr*FvmyGJtwGuf vufzGJUudktwef;om;rsm;xJrS

rnfonfhtkyfpkESifhrQ ra&mbJ oD;oefYNyKvkyfcJh\/ ESpfa,mufvkH;\ qkH;Nzwfcsuft&

xdkvufzGJUypönf;onf olYZeD;ESifh roufqkdifaom? olYtwGufom tokH;0ifaom

oD;oefYypönf; Nzpf&rnf/ atmifu *smuif tuÐsvufzGJUrnf[k aNymawmh uRefr

cg;cg;oD;oD; Niif;rd\/

“rNzpfbl;atmif? a,musfm; tuÐsqkdNyD; ayghayghrwGufeJY? olYrdef;rudk

ay;0wfae&if b,fES,fhvkyfrvJ/ 'grSr[kwf vrf;c&D; oGm;&if;vm&if; olYrdef;r

csrf;vkYd ûcHay;&ifaum”

atmifhrsufESm zswfueJ ñ§Kd;oGm;avonf/

“'gNzifh zdeyfuGm”

uRefrNyKH;í acgif;cg&Nyef\/

“olYaNcaxmuf twkdif;twmudk wkdYrS rodwm atmif&,f”

aemufqkH;awmh em;MuyfteDa&mifuav;ukd uRefrwkdYESpfa,muf oabmwl

a&G;cs,fvdkufavonf/



olonf em;Muyfukd olYrdef;rtm; ay;udkifekdifawmhrnf r[kwfay/

em;Muyfuav;onf olYykcHk;xufwGif wpfoufvkH; &dSaevdrfhrnf/ em;Muyfudk

tokH;NyKwdkif; uRefrwdkYESpfa,mufudk ol owd&ayvdrfhrnf/

vufzGJUypönf; vlMuHKESifh ay;&ef vSvSyy xkyfykd;NyD;aemuf olYemrnf\

aemufwGif olYZeD;\ emrnfukd emusifpGma&;cJh&ygonf/



- (4) -

wu,fawmh þZmwfodrf;ydkif;uav;onf uRefrwdkY ESpfa,muftwGuf

tvGefvSyaMumif; umvMum&SnfawmhrS uRefr tcdkiftrm vufcHcJhawmhonf/

atmifESifh uRefr rkef;wD;emusnf;rI r&Sd/ wpfa,mufudk wpfa,muf

wdwfwcdk; remvdkrI? 0rf;enf;tm;i,frI? rcHcsifjzpfrIvnf; r&Sd/ uRefrwdkYESpfa,muf

olYudk&,lzdkY usdwfí ,SOfNydKifcJhMuonfqdkvQif ,ckyJGwGif b,folrQ rEdkif? b,folrQ

r&IH;yg/

NydKifyGJwGif ESpfodrfhqkudk aMunmcGifh&rnfqdkvSsifawmh xkdqkukd &olonf

uRefrom Nzpfonf/ bmaMumifhvJqkdawmh owif;pmwGif uRefr vufxyfowif;

azmfNyNyD; ESpfywftMumwGif tNcm;vufzGJUrsm;xuf aemufusNyD; a&mufvmaom

olYvufzGJU vufaqmifwpfckudk uRefr vufcH&&dScJhaomaMumifh Nzpfonf/

xdkvufaqmifxkyfuav;udk zGifhMunfhvkdufaomtcg olYvufa&;rsm;onf uRefr

rsuf&nfNzifh 0g;oGm;cJhavonf/ usGefronf bk&m;wvsuf r,kHMunfedkifpGm &ifckef

wkefvIyf&if; NyKH;&,frdonf/

olonf usGefrudk owd&aecJhonfygvm;/ olonf uRefrudk rarhcJhol

yguvm;/ uRefrwdkY olYudk pwifpum;aNymonfhaeYudk ol b,fawmhrS

rarhcJhygvm;/



olvufxyfoGm;í emusifaMuuGJ&aom uRefr\ 0rf;enf;pdwfonf olY

trSwfw& vufzGJUypönf;uav;aMumifh vGifhyg;aysmufuG,fcJhawmhonf/ olY

vufzGJUypönf;rSmvnf; uRefr wpfOD;wnf;twGufom tokH;0ifaom ypönf;

Nzpfygonf/

atmifhudk ñ§mwmpdwfNzifh þtaMumif;udk b,fawmhrSs NyefraNymawmh

ygbl;[k uRefrqkH;NzwfcsufcscJhonf/

“ td ... ”

“ig eifhukd aNymp&mwpfck&dSw,f”

&Snfvsm;aNzmifhpif;aom atmifhqHyifrsm; wdkoGm;NyD; wpfywfvSsdKqHxkH;

uav;Nzifh q&m0efyDopGm £aNE´&aeaomfvnf; atmifhrsuf0ef; ndKvJhawmufy

aeykHrSm ausmif;olb0wkef;uvdkyif Nzpfonf/

“bmvJ atmif”

“ig ... eifhudkaNymr,f ... aNymr,feJY raNymNzpfbl;/ 'gayr,fh tckawmh

aNymcsifvmNyD? aNymvkYdvJ bmrS xl;Ncm;p&m r&dSawmhbl;av”

qef;Mu,faom atmifhpum;aMumifh rD;a&mifatmufrS atmifhrsufESmudk

pdwf0ifwpm; tuJcwfrdonf/



atmifhtNyKH;onf ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmu tNyKH;vkdyif vef;qef;awmufyae\/

“ odyftHhNozkdY aumif;wmyJ td&,f/ ig r*Fvmaqmifwkef;uav

[kdwpfa,mufqDu r*FvmvufzGJUav; &w,f odvm;”

uRefronf Mum;&aompum;udk r,kHekdifpGm atmifhudkai;Munfhaerdonf/

[kdwpfa,mufqDu ... / olonf atmifhudkvnf; r*FvmvufzGJUykdYay;chJonfwJh/

uRefr\vufudk atmif u zsyfceJ qGJ,lzspfñ§pfonf/

“ol vufxyfwkef;uawmif rsuf&nfrusrdwJh iguav ... olYqDu

vufzGJUudk &awmhrS rsuf&nfusrdowJh td&,f/ eif rtHhMobl;vm;[if”

uRefronf wkefckdufonfh atmifh&,foH wdk;wdk;uav;aMumifh

MuufoD;xoGm;\/

“ol ighudk owd&aecJhw,f td&JU/ ol ighukd rarhcJhbl;aygh/ wdkYESpfa,muf

olYudk paemufcJhwJh tNzpfudk ol rarhbl; td&JU odvm;? ol bmvufzGJUr,fqdkwm

eifcefYrSef;Munfhyg td&,f”

uRefronf wpfcPtwGif; atmifhudk cg;oD;rkef;wD;oGm;aomaMumifh

NAKef;ueJ rsufESmvGJypfvdkuf&onf/

“igodygw,f atmif&,f? vufywfem&Dav; r[kwfvm;”



“[,f ... eifodw,f/ eifb,fvdkvkyf odvJ[if ... td”

uRefr\ykckH;ukd pdwftm;xufoefpGm atmif qkyfñ§pfvIyf,rf;vdkufonf/

uRefr atmifhudk vSnfhMunfhvdkuf\/ xkdYaemuf txufpD;tNyKH;Nzifh NyHK;Nyvdkuf

rdonf/

“ b,fvkdvkyf odvJqkdawmh ighudkvJ olu qDudkem&Duav;

vufzGJUcJhvdkYaygh atmif&JU/ igwpfa,mufwnf; okH;vkdY&wJh rdef;rywfem&D

uav;av”

xkdpum;udk aNym&aomtcsdefü uRefr EIwfcrf;rsm; csdKNraeovdk

cHpm;&onf/

rvIyfr,Suf ai;armoGm;aom atmifhrsuf0ef;rsm; rIefa0 usOf;aNrmif;

oGm;\/ uRefronf Nidrfoufaeaom atmifhudk pum;wpfckckawmhaNymrSNzpfrnf[k

udk,fhudkudk,f wGef;tm;ay;aerdonf/ okdYaomf uRefr atmifhudk pum;raNymcsifyg/

nonf euf&Idif;pGm wdwfqdwfoGm;\/ vGefcJhaom q,fESpfavmufu

nwpfnwkef;u þtvkyfoifq&m0efaqmifxJrSmyif uRefrESifh atmif

ckwifcsif;uyfvsuf yifhoufrsm;pGm &Idufum tdyfaysmfzkdY MudK;pm;cJh&zl;onf/

[kdwkef;u wpfckwifpDNzpfí ESpfa,mufom;Mum;rSm ae&mNcm;aeaomfvnf;



aomuESifh &Suf&GHUrIudk rSsa0cHpm;pdwf tNynfhNzifh ESpfa,mufom; aEG;axG;pGm

eD;uyfaeovdk cHpm;cJh&ygonf/

,ckawmh wpfckwifwnf; twltdyfvsuf tom;csif;xdrwwf

eD;uyfaeaomfvnf; uRefrwdkYESpfa,muf ta0;MuD;a0;aeovdk cHpm;ae&onf/

“td ...”

uRefr atmifhrsufESmukd pdkufMunfhaerdonf/

“td&,f ... ol wkdYudk cspfcJhw,fayghaemf”

uRefr Nrifae&aom atmifhEIwfcrf;rsm; wNznf;Nznf;csif; awmufypGm

NyKH;vkdufaomtcg uGsefr Nrifzl;orQ atmifhtNyKH;rsm;wGif tvSqkH; NzpfoGm;\/

uGsefronf apmapmuav;u Nzpfay:cJhaom rkef;wD;rItwGuf aemifw&oGm;um

rsuf&nf0Jvsuf acgif;ndwfvdkufrd\/

“[kwfw,f atmif .../ ol wkdYESpfa,mufvkH;udk cspfcJhygw,f”

þwpfBudrfwGif atmifhudk vdrfnm&kHomrubJ uRefrudk,fwkdifudkyg

Nyefvnf vdrfnmNcif; Nzpfygonf/



xdkYaemuf uRefrwdkYESpfa,muf [kdwkef;uvkdyif NyefvnfEkysdKoGm;NyD;

wpfa,mufukdwpfa,muf rsufESmcsif;qdkif Munfhum wkd;wdk;wdwfwdwf

&,farmrdNuavonf/

*sL;

(1993? Mo*kwfv? a&SUaNy;r*¾Zif;)


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