အေမၿပီးေတာ့ သမီး
TRANSCRIPT
1
Þ tar_yD;awmh orD; ß
tcef;(1)
rdr dwmwd k htwGuf aiGvd kae_yefyg_yD?
qif;7Jom;rdom;pk_zpfwJ h rdrdwmwd k htwGuf aiGvd kwmuawmh
rqef;ygbl;? aehwd ki f;vd kvd k _zpfaewJh tcuftcJyJ? tJ wcka_ymp7m
@S dwmu 'DaehvdkwJhaiGu tawmfudkrsm;w<f? _yD;awmh a_ym7r<fqdkv#if
r dr dwmeJ h olr7J hr dcif cifaracsmwd k htwGuf b07yfwnfa7;ud kawmif
tjuD;tus<fxdcd kufEd li fr<fh aiGvd ktyfcsufvnf; _zpfaew<fav?
cifaracsmeJ h ol horD;rdr dwmwd k hb0uvnf; tawmfud kcufxef
jurf;wrf;vSygw<f? b0jurf;ayr<fh tara7morD;yg @kyf7nf@lyum
uawmh tawmfud kacsmarmvSygjuygw<f? qif;7JolrawGtzd k h acsmarm
vSyr S Kq d kwm b0juD ;y Gm ;a7;twGuf ta_cc Haumi f ;wc k _zp fovd k
b0epfrGe f;7zd k htwGuf tEW7m<fud kvnf; zdwfac:Ed li fw<fav?
tck cifaracsmtouf (27)ESpf@S d _yD? qif;7JrG Jawvdk h t0wftpm;
2
awmufawmufa_ymifa_ymifr0wfEd li fayr<fh @kyf7nftvSty| udk<fvH k;
tawmi f htwi f ;uawm h xi f ;ue Jaeatmi fu d k ay:v Gi f aew<f ?
cifaracsmu wOD;wnf;aomorD;? olrrdbawGu vufvkyfvufpm;
awGyg? acsmifvnfw<fr[kwfayr<fh ukef;aumufp7mr@S datmifawmh
rqif;7Jjuygbl;? eyfrSe fatmifawmh pm;Ed li fjuw<f? wJtdrfav;wvHk;
iSm;aeEdlifw<f? cifaracsm (14)ESpforD;t@G<favmufrSm olhrdbESpfa<muf
vHk; um;wdkufcH7_yD; yG Jcsif;_yD;aoqHk;ukefjuw<f? aqGrs d K;7if;csm7<fvd k h
r<fr<f77r@S dwJ h cifaracsmwa<muf| aumif;aumif;tcufawGhwmaygh?
' Dr Smwift7yfu 0d ki f;0ef;atmifoG<fay;_yD; trDwmqif;qd kwJ h
yefcsmyDwa<mufeJ h vufxyfay;vdkufjuw<f? trDwmqif;u vlysdKjuD;
awmhr[kwfbl;? rkqd k ;z d k? om;orD;r@S dbk l ;? cifaracsmxuf touf(20)
avmufawmh yd kjuD;w<f? yd kufqHav;bmav; enf;enf;yg;yg;@S dw<f?
tdrf0d kif;av;vnf; @S dw<f? rdbrJhcifaracsmtay:wGifvnf; tawmfv;yif
cspfcifjuifemw<f? rdbrJhwaumifjuGuf_zpfaeaom cifaracsmwa<muf
tzd k h trDwmqif;ESi f htajumif;qufaygif;zuf7_cif;onf b0vH k _c H Kr S K
7@S doGm;cJ honf[k qdkE d li fayonf? <ciftdrfaxmifESi f h om;orD;rxGef;
um;c J haom trDwmqif;onf cifaracsmE Si f husawmh vufxyf _y D ;
wESp ftjumrSmyif orD;wa<muf7cJ honf? ratwlorD;acsmav;ud k
r dr dwm[k trnfay;cJ honf?
3
rdr dwm (5)ESp forD;t@G<fwGi f trDwmqif;uG<fvGe fc J honf?
touf (14)ESpfESifhtdrfaxmifuscJhaomcifaracsmrSm touf (20)t@G<fwif
orD;wa<muftar| rkqd k;rav; _zpf7av_yD? trDwmqif;uG<fvGef
oGm;onf htcs de fwGi f tdr fi<fav;wvH k ; | ai Gaju;tawmftoif hE Si f h
ypPnf;ypP<tenf;i<f cifaracsmvufwGifusef7pfcJ honf? cifaracsmrSm
ausmif;yifaumif;aumif;raezl;onfhtwGuf pmudka7;wwfzwfwwf@k Hom
wwfonf? ta7mif;t0<fvnf; em;rvnf? bmr#_zpf_zpfa_rmufa_rmuf
rvkyfwwf? @S dwmawGa7mif;cs7if;ESi f h orD;ESi f htarb0udk @ke f;uefcJ h
7onf? wpxufwp vHk;yg;yg;cJ honf? tdrfutp ypPnf;tukefa7mif;cs
ypfc J h7onf?
<ck cifaracsmtouf (27)ESpf| rdrdwmtouf (12)ESpft@G<fwGif
bmqdkrSvufudkifr@S dawmhaom wu<fhqif;7Jom;b0odk ha7mufaeav_yD?
tdr fy d ki fvnf; r@S dawmh? tdr fi Sm;Iae7onf? tdr fi Sm;qd kaomfvnf;
aumif;aumif;uef;uef;r[kwf? qif;7Jom;7yfuGuf> wJtdrfav;wckrS
tzDav;udk wv (30)usyfESif h iSm;ae7_cif;_zpfonf? tzDav;iSm;cudkyif
r S e f r S e f ray ;E d l i f c J hon fr S m q<fvausm f c J h _ y D ? onf jum ;x Jw Gi f
ci faracsmu c^iSm;7rf;0wfqifc J haom olrsm;>xrDE Si f htuFs Dwd k hud k
(wefz d k ;r@S daomajumif h _zpfvd k7m_zpf[lI) a7mif;pm;r d7m yd ki f@ Si fu
trSKwd ki faomajumif h tzrf;cHae7onf? xdkt0wftpm;rsm;ud k _yef0<f
ay;El di fr Som _zpfrnf? r[kwfv#if cifaracsmwa<muf tenf;qH k;
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axmifa_cmufvawmhusrSm aocsmonf? cifaracsmtzrf;cH7aomtcg
tzDav;yd kif@Sifuvnf; ajuG;usefiSm;crsm;udkray;v#if tdrfay:rSqif;7rnf
[k a_ymqd kESi fcsvm_yefonf?
'gajumif h 'Daeh rdrdwmwdk hr dom;pkwGif tzDav;iSm;cajuG;usef
aiG(300)usyf| t0wftpm;a7mif;xm;7mrS _yef0<f<l7efaiG(150)usyf
vd kaeonf? _yD;awmh csufp7m qefvnf;r@S d | qDvnf;r@S d | bmr#r@S d
onf htwGuf aps;oH k ;(50)usyfvnf; vd kao;onf? tm;vH k ;p kp kaygi f
aiG(500)usyfr7vdk huawmh rdrdwmwdk h aomif_yifv$wfonfhacG;rsm;b0odk h
usa7mufju7ayawmhrnf?
rdcif_zpfolcifaracsm tzrf;cHae7ay7m| aiG(500)@Smzd k hwm0efonf
rdr dwmtay:od k h vH k ;vH k ;vsm;vsm;juD;ud k usa7mufvmonf? <aeh
rd k ;rcsKyfr D aiGig;7m7atmif@SmrS_zpfrnf?
rdr dwm ausmif;pmaumif;aumif;rwwfygbl;? tif;- -ynm
7<fvd k hvnf;rwwf| t7if ;tES D ;qd kvd k hvnf; _cL;w_ym;awmifr@ S dwJ h
r dr dwmvd k touf(12)ESp ft@G<faumifrav;wa<muftzd k h tckvd k]
ai GwGi f ;eufwJ hacwfumvjuD;r Sm b<fvd kvky f _y D ; ' Davmufrsm;wJ h
aiG(500)udk waehtwGif;7atmif@SmEl difrSmvJ? waeukef olrsm;cd kif;wmawG
awmufwd kr<f7av#mufvky f | [d kujuH |onfuze fE d li fr S tvGe fqH k ;
waehav;ig;q<favmufom 7Ed li fwm? ukef;aumufp7mr@S datmifud k
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vufyvmb0a7mufaewJh rdrdwmwdk hud k aiGacs;r<fhvlwa<mufuawmh
@S daew<fav? 'Dvd k@ S daevd k h awmfao;w<fvd k hqd k7rSmayg h? aetkef;- -
aetkef;? odyftcs D;r Gr f;rapmeJ htkef;? rdrdwmudk aiGacs;wJ hvltajumif;ud k
t7ifem;axmiftkef;? a_ym_yr<f?
t J' Dv lemrnfu ud kr d ku fu<f? A d kv femrnf<lxm;ayr<f h
A d kvfu_ym; r[kwfygbl;? Ad kvfjuufacs;ukvm;u_ym;? pkwfcÈe f;cÈe f;
wa<mufyg? toufoH k ;q<favmuf @S dr<f? a~:7cg;e J hyxefpyfus
xm;wJ htaumif? olhtom;u w_cm;ukvm;awGavmufawmif rnf;euf
_yD;a_ymifraebl;? 'gayr<fh rnf;wmawmhrnf;wmyJ? _yD;awmh tar$;
tr#i fvnf;xlw<f? t7yftarmif;aumif;aumif; | wkwfwkwfc d ki fc d ki f |
E S Kwfcrf;ar$;ppeJ h? rde f;rawmh r@S dbl;? vlys d KjuD;vd k hawmh a_ymjuwmyJ?
[kwfr[kwfawm h b<folur S wyfty faocsmra_ymE d l i f juygb l ; ?
tJ- -rdef;rayG_yD; aqmftawmfzdwJ hvlvd k hawmh owif;juD;aeav7J h?
ud kr d kufu<fu rdrdwmwdk hqif;7Jom;7yfuGufu aps;av;xdyfem;
r Sm vbuf7nfqd ki fz Gi f hxm;w<f? olaewmuawmh awmifOuUvm
bufrSm? vbuf7nfqd ki fz Gi f hxm;wmu [ef_ytvkyfyg? udkr d kufu<f
wu<fvkyfwmu cd k ;7mygypPnf;awG vufcHa7mif;0<fwmyJ? _yD;awmh
txufwef;pm;aysm fawmfqufr<fawGe J hvnf; tquftoG<f@ S dw<f?
aysmfcsifyg;csifwJhvlawG(a<mufsm;a7m| rdef;ra7m| tJ rdef;r@Sma7m)twGuf
tcs de f;tcsufvkyfqufoG<fay;wmrs d K ;vnf; vkyfw<f?
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tJ'DtvkyfawGud k v#dK hv# d K h0 Suf0Sufod kod kodyfodyfvkyfud ki fwwfwm
ajumif h udkrd kufu<f7J hvkyfief;trSefud k odwJhvlr@S dygbl;? vbuf7nfqdkif
z Gi f hw<f? arSmifc d kypPnf;enf;enf;yg;yg; a7mif;0<fw<f? 'DavmufyJ
odjuw<f? ud kr d kufu<fu rdr dwmvd kcsi fwJ hy d kufqHud k t_rJwrf;y J
x kw fac s ;w<f? ai Gac s ;w<fqd kwmu pum;vSatmi fa _ymwmyg ?
r dr dwmwd k htaee J h ajuG;vnfyi f ;c d kufaewmqd kawmh b<fvd kvky f _y D ;
_yefqyfEd li fr SmvJ? 'gud k ud kr d kufu<fuvnf; odwmayg h?
ud kr d kufu<ftaeeJ h rdrdwmud k b<fvd kr S _yefqyfEd li fr Smr[kwfwJ h
ai Gacs; _ci f ;trS Kud k tvum;oufoufvky faewmawmh r[kwfygbl;?
olhrSm 7nf@G<fcsuf@S daew<fav? udkrd kufu<fu rdrdwmudk ajuGaewm?
rdrdwmuvnf; ratwlorD;qd kawmh @kyftawmfud kacsmw<f? qif;om
qif;7Jwm? tvSuawmh zvm;yJ? onfjum;xJ tazqDu yefcsmyDaoG;
ygvmawmh tcktouf(12)ESpfomqdkw<f? udk<fvH k;ud k<faygufuawmh
tawmfud k qlql_zd K ; _z d K ; _zpfae_yD? awmif hwif;p d ka_yp_yKae_yD? 'Dawmh
aqm fz dw J hA d kv f juufac s ;u d kr d ku fu<f oabmrusy JaeE d l i fy g h rvm;?
t_ywfud k cd kufaewmav? udkr d kufu<fu rdrdwmqdkwJ haumifrav;ud k
ol hp dwfjudKufoH k ;E d li fr<f h umraus;uÈefrav;t_zpfodrf;y d kufEl di fatmif
tomtpys d K;us H K;oGif;_yD; cGifcsaewmav?
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a[m? tckqd k7if tJ'Dvd kc Gi fcsusH K;oGif;aewm tawmfav;awmh
c7D;a7mufaeyg_yD? ud kr d kufu<fqifxm;wJ htuGufxJud k rdrdwm0ifvd k h
aeyg_y D? tpyd ki f ;r Smawmh onftwd ki f ;cyf@ k d ;@ k d ;y J aiGacs;vd kufwmyJ?
aemufyd ki f ;usawmh acs;wJ haiG _yefqyfEd li fr Smr[kwfvd k h acs;7cufcufyJ
bmnmuGduGa_ym_yD; tifwifwifvkyfw<f? aumifrav;u rsufESmi<f
uav;eJ h toem;cHawmif;yefawmhrS udkr d kufu<fu vufaqmha_caqmh
vkyfw<f? rdrdwmud k zifykwfvd kuf| Ed k hud ki fvd kufvkyfvmw<f?
'Dvd kvkyfwJ hae7mrSmvnf; y7rf;ywmawmhr[kwfbl;? xH k;wrf;
pO fvmwc kv d k r s d K ; _ zp fvmatmi f aoaoc smc s mze fw D ; _ y D ;v ky fwm ?
Oyrma_ym77if aumifrav;7J hz l;y Gi f hp a@$7iftH kav;ud kqkyfud ki fwJ htcg
aiGig;q<facs;vd kufw<f? ig;q<fay;_yD; Ed k hqG Jw<fqd kwJ hoabmayg h?
Ed k hqG Jc ig;q<fvd k hqd k7rSmayg h? rdrdwm7J h wpfwpf7pf7pfvH k ;vH k ;uspfuspf
wifyg;qH kav;ud koH k ;wJ htcgusawmh aiGtpdwfxkwfacs;w<f? aiGtpdwf
ay;_yD; zifud ki fwJ hoabmayg h? zifud ki fc aiGtpdwfowfrSwfvd kufw<f
qd kygawmh?
Ed k hud ka7m| zifud kygud ki f | ayG hzufwJ htcgrs d K ;usawmh ieJom;u
w7mawmifay;wm?
rdrdwmtaeeJ h aiGw7m7wJhtcgawGrSm ud kr d kufu<fhaygifaygifr Sm
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xdkif_yD; tudki ftES d KufcH7w<fav? erf;wmwdk h yckef;zufwmwdk h
vufud ki fwmwdk huawmh tyd kqm'g;av? z7D;ayg h?
tys d K _zpfump aumifrav;rdrdwmtaeeJ huawmh pkwfcÈef;cÈef;
Ad kvfjuufacs;ukvm;u_ym; ukdr d kufu<f7J htukdi ftwG<f| terf;tyGwf
awGud k b<fvmcHcsifr SmvJ? 'gayr<fh 'Dvd kr S vd kufvk dufavsmavsm
tud ki frc H7i fvnf; vd kwJ hai G7r Smr[kwfr Se f ;em;vnfawmh judwfr S dwf
atmi f htnf ; _y D ; rjunf_zLayr<f h ud kr d ku fu<fer f ;wm| zufwm|
ES d KufwmawGud k cHae7@Smygw<f? tif;- -oem;awmh oem;p7mav;yg?
'Daehvnf; xHk;p Htwdki f; ud kr d kufu<fqDud ky J rdrdwmoGm;7_yef
wmayg h? 'Daehvd kaewJ hai Gu cgwd ki f ;vd k ig;q<frs d K ;w7mrs d K ;r[kwfy J
ig;7mjuD;rsm;awmif _zpfaewmajumif h rdrdwmtaeeJ h enf;enf;awmh
OD;aESmufpm;ae7w<f? tjuHtd kufaew<fvd k hqd k7rvm;yJ? ud kr d kufu<f
vkyfxm;wJhxH k;pHt7qdk7if rdrdwmrSm aiGig;7m7Ed li fzk d htwGuf taxGtxl;
tES d Kuftudki fc H7r<fhae7m7<fvd k hu vufusefodyfr Sr@S dawmhwm?
zifyGwf7if tpdwf| Ed k hud ki f7if ig;q<f| aygifay:wufxk di f _y D;
tudki ftES d KufcH77if w7m| yg;erf;wmawGbmawG z7D;qd k _y D; Øaju;×
owfrSwfxm;_y D ;om;_zpfaewm?
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atmf- -ae7mvnf;wckawmh uGuf_yD;usefaewm @S dao;w<f?
tJ'guawmh aygifc Gjum;u rdef;rt~Fg | apmufzkwfav;yJ? tJ- -
zifaygufvnf; usefaeao;w<f? udkr d kufu<fu zifykwf| wifyg;ud ki f
vkyf_yD;ayr<fh zifaygufudkawmh rES d Kuf7ao;bl;? v$wfusefaeao;w<f?
'gajumif h aiGig;7m7zd k htwGuf tzkwfeJ hzifaygufawGud k ES d Kufwm
ud ki fwmcH7avrvm;vd k h rdr dwmawG;junf hr dw<f? 'Dvd kawG;r dwJ htcg
@ Sufwmayg h? ajumufvnf; ajumufwmayg h? 'gayr<f h 'Dae htzd k h
aiGig;7mr7vdk huvnf; r_zpfbl;qd kawmh udkr d kufu<fu aiGig;7may;_yD;
tz kwfud ki fzi fE S d Ku fvky fr<fqd k7i f r dr dwmb<fvd kv ky f _ii f ;E d li fr SmvJ?
@Suf@SufeJ hy J cH7rSmyJ? ajumufajumufeJ h vd kufavsm7rSmyJ?
_yD;awmh wck@S dao;w<f? tzkwfud ki f | zifES d KufcH7wJ htwGuf
aiGig;7m 7Ed li fr<fr7Ed li fbl;qd kwmud kvnf; rdrdwmtaeeJ h aocsmayguf
ra_ymEd li fao;bl;? ud kr d kufu<fay;wJ hE S Ke f ;xm;awGeJ hr Se f ;wGufjunfhr<f
qd k7i f tzkwfud ki fzi fE S d Ku fc H7wmtwGuf tvGe fqH k ;77i fE Sp f7mayg h ?
wudk<fvH k;judKufwJ hae7mawG xdk;ES d Kufud ki fwG<fvkyftkef;awmh| aoa7m
ajua7m oH k ;7mavmuftom;u ke f7E d l i f r S m ? b<fwwfE d l i f r S mv J ?
rsufESmatmufcs_yD; a_ym7rSmyJ? aemufrSvm_yD; xyftudki fc Hyg hr<fvd k h
qd k7rSmyJ?
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ynmvnf;rwwf| A[kokwuvnf; enf;wJhaumifrav;qdkawmh
tys d Kpifav;wa<muf7J h Ekopfpd kxGm;wJ hud k<fcEWmud k b<fvd kaps;ac:<l
7Ed li fr<fqd kwmudk rdrdwmb<fodrSmvJ? tomtzufcH@k He J h 7mvd kufcs D
awmif;<l7Ed li fr Se f;vnf; b<fem;vnfrSmvJ? udkrd kufu<fES dr f_yD;vkyfxm;
wJ hE S Ke f ;awGud ky J t[kwfrSwfae7@Smwmayg h?
'gajumif h oem;p7maumif;wJ haumifrav;ygvd k h a_ymcJ hwmayg h?
vbuf7n fq d k i f ai Go dr f ; pm ;y G J aumi fwmw Gi fx d k i f aeaom
udkr d kufu<fonf olhqd ki fod k hav#mufvSrf;vmaomrdrdwmud k cyfa0;a0;
uyif vSrf;_rifonf? rdrdwmvmaeonfudkawGhonfwGif onfaumifrav;
ud k vufu_ri f ;t7omc HE d l i frnf hta7;ud kawG ;um ud kr d ku fu<f>
pkwfcÈef;cÈe f;rsufESmjuD;rSm _yH K;_z J _z J _zpfoGm;avonf? onfaumifrav;
ol hqDod k hrvmwm wygwfavmufawmh@S doGm;_yD? cgwd ki f ;qd k w7uf_cm;
wcg| ESpf7uf_cm;wcgavmufvmaeus? ig;q<frsdK;w7mrsdK; awmif;aeus?
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rjumrDyif rdrdwm vufbuf7nfqd ki fxJod k h 0ifa7mufvmav
awmhonf?
Þ a[;- -rdwm vmavuGm? ray:vmwm tawmfjum
oGm;ygvm;uG ß
u d k r d ku fu<fu vSr f ; E S Kw fqufum ai Go dr f ; p m ;y G J r SxI
qdki faemufbuf@S d ypPnf;odrf;cef;av;xJod k h av#mufvSrf;0ifoGm;onf?
xd ktcef;av;onf rdrdwmtysd Kacsmud k aiGxkwfacs;7if;| ud kr d kufu<fu
udki fwG<fyGwfoyfvufu_rif;7m ae7m_zpfayonf?
ud ki fz d k hE S d Ku fz d k h ud kr d ku fu<f tce f ;av;xJr So Gm ;apmi f hae_y D
_zpfajumif;ud kodaomrdr dwmrSm tvd kvd kae7if;yif @Suf@ G H hz de f ;@ S de f ;um
acgi f ;av;i H k hv#uf _zi f hyi f qd ki ftaemufbufyp Pnf ;odr f ;ce f ;av;xJod k h
0ifvd kufoGm;7onf? udkrd kufu<fvbuf7nfqdkifrSm [ef_yomzGif hxm;7m
vlrpnfum;vSyg? <ckr dr dwma7mufvmonf htcs de fwGi f vbuf7nf
aomufrnfholyif wa<mufr#r@S d? tazsmform;vnf;[kwf| pm;yG Jxd k ;ESi f h
taxGaxGvkyfom;t_zpfvnf;vkyfaqmif7aom ukvm;av;armifEd li f;om
@S donf? rdrdwm onfvd ka7mufvmv#uf udkr d kufu<fESi f hypPnf;odrf;cef;
xJ0ifoGm;aeus_zpfaomajumif h armifEd li f ;uvnf; txl;tqef;vkyfum
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vdkufjunfhraeawmh? azsmfcke fav;aemufwGif aq;ayg hvdyfwvdyfESi f hom
ndrf haeavonf?
Þ uJ a_ym? aiGb<favmuf acs;csi fovJ? tpdwfvm;?
ig;q<fvm;- - ß
ypPnf;odrf;cef;xJod k h0ifvd kufvmaom rdrdwm>yg;av;ud k tom
qG Jv dr f7i f ; ud kr d ku fu<fu ar;onf? use fvufwbufuawm h
aumifrav;>ycke f ;vH k ;vH k ;tdtd_ynf h _ynf hav;ud k cyfz Gz Gav;od ki f ;zuf
onf? olhnma_caxmufu csmwdwfr>aygifwefwkwfwkwf_zdK;_zdK;wbufudk
ododomomyif xdumuyfxm;onf?
tm~Ad kvfjuufacs;? awGhonfESi f hpI t7om<l_yD?
aiGrnfr#acs;vd koenf;[kar;rSKrSm zifyGwfcHrvm;| Ed k hqG JcHrnfvm;
[kar;onfESi f h bmr#r_cm;onfrd k h rdr dwm rsufESmav;7JueJ_zpfonf?
Þ [dk- -[dk- -'Dwcg vd kcsi fwJ haiGu awmfawmfrsm;w<f@Si f ß
rdrdwm toHwkefwkefav;ESif ha_ymonf?
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Þ b<favmufrsm;vd k hvJuG? a_ymprf;ygtkef;? rif;vd kcsifwmudk
a_yvnfr<fqd k7if ay;rSmayg h [J[J[J ß
udkrd kufu<fhnmvufu rdrdwm>wifyg;qHkay:odk h a7mufvmonf?
ai Gacs ;7r Smaocsm_y Dr d k h zi fud k pprf ; _ci f ; _zp fonf? tdxGm;avaom
wi fom;q d k i fu d k vuf _zi f ht ky fumqky fu d k i fI tomy Gw faeonf ?
q<fausm fouft@G<f | E kE kxGwfxGwftys d Krav; 7ifawGw'de f ;' de f ;
c ke fvm7_yDayg h?
Þ a_ymyguG? b<favmufvd kcsifwmvJ- - ß
ud kr d kufu<fu ar;_yefonf? vufuawmh wifyg;ud ktom
ud ki fy Gwfae7mrS cyfwif;wif;zsp f!Sp fonf? vH k ;usp faomzifom;qd ki f
rsm;ud k!Spf7onfrSm pD;pD;yd ki fy d ki fE Si f h weif hwyd k ;@ S dvSonf? b<fvuf
uvnf; rdrdwm> nmbufEd k htH kay:tkyfum vufu_rif;vm_yefonf?
Þ ig;- -ig; 7myg ß
aumifrav;u xpfxpfaig haig hE Si f h a_ym@Smonf?
14
Þ aiGig;7mawmif? [kwfvm;? bmvkyfzd k hvJ ß
Þ arartzrf;cHae7wm tavsmfay;zd k h7<f? _yD;awmh tdrfi Sm;c
vnf; ay;p7mtrsm;juD;@S daew<f? ravsmfEd lif7if araraxmifusvdrf hr<f?
tdr fvcajuG ;use fawG ray;E d li f7i fvnf ; tdr fay:uqif ;7r<fwJ h ?
[if h[if h[if h ß
rdrdwmc_rma_ym7if;u rdrdb0jurRmud ktm;i<f0rf;enf;vSaom
ajumif h id k@ S d Kufrd@ Smonf?
u d kr d ku fu<fu aumi frav;ud k zi fu d k i fE d k hq G Jv ky fae7mr S
vufrsm;ud kv$wfz<fonf? vlcsif;vnf; tenf;i<fcGmonf? pOf;pm;
[ef_zif h rsufarSmifjuKwfonf?
wu<fawmh ieJom;u wrifoufouftd kufwifcHae_cif;om
_zp fonf ? onfai G i g ;7mavmufu ol htw Gu ftajumi f ;r[ kw f ?
rdrdvdkcsifaomtuGufxJodk h aumifrav;@kef;rxGufomyJ wdk;0ifrdaeatmif
txm_yae_cif;yg?
aju;pm;rde f ;rrsm;ud k w@S d K ;pm(oH k ;em7Dcef h)ac:<laysm fyg;v#ifyif
15
av;ig;axmifay;7onfh <ckvd ktcs de ftcgwGif rdrdwmvdktouf(12)ESpf
t@G<f tysdKazmf0ifump EkEkxGwfxGwfcsmwdwfri<fi<facsmacsmuav;udk
ai Gi g ;7mr #tuke ftusc H@ k H E S i f h p dw fw d k i f ;us _y Kv ky fE d l i f rn f hta7;r S m
odyfud k Øwef×vGef;vSonf? yguifydwftys d Kppfppf i<fi<fav;wa<muf
7v#if aiGodef;cs Dy H kay;rnf hvlawG trsm;juD;@S daeonfr[kwfygvm;?
@k d ;om;um A[kokwvnf;acgif;yg;vSolrdr dwmurl olrbufrS
ay;7rnfrsm;>wefaju;ud k rod@Smyg? aiGig;7mud kyif rsm;vGef;vSonf[k
xifaeonf? xdkajumif h ud kr d kufu<fqifonfhtuGufxJod k h ususeeuk d
w d k ; 0i f r d @ S monf ? r dr dwmawmi f ;on f h ai G r s m ;v Ge f ; aomajumi f h
udkrd kufu<ftifwifwif_zpfoGm;avonf[kom @kd;pif;pGmawG;awmrd@Smonf?
ai Gi g ;7mr7vd k huvnf; r_zp fonf hta_ctaerd k h r dr dwmc_rm
ie Jom;A d kvfjuufacs;ud kr d kufu<fud kyi f atmufus d K humtoem;c H7@ Sm
avawmhonf? ud kr d kufu<fu bmr#pum;rp7ao;yJE Si f h olruyif
pwifI tav#mhay;vd kufavsmpum;qd kr donf?
Þ O D ;r d ku fu<f7<f ? usrud ku ln Dy g@ Si f ? ai Gi g ;7mac s ;y g ?
_yD;awmh [d k- -[dk- -OD;rd kufu<fjudKufovdk_yKyg? usr r_iif;ygbl;
@Si f- - ß
16
aumifrav;u id kr J hr J hrsufESmav;ESi f h awmif;yeftoem;cHvm
aomtc g ' Dtu Gu fv d k c s i f I ' D c G i f z e fx m ; aomu d k r d ku fu< f |
t7rf;ud koabmusoGm;avonf? olu 'Dvd kta_ctaers d K ;vd kcsifaewm
r[kwfvm;? olxifxm;onfxufud kyif ta_ctaeyd kvd k htqifacsmae
onf? tysdKppfppf| i<fi<fvSvSav;udkpyf<Suf7v#if aiGwodef;ig;aomif;
ay;rnf[ka_ymxm;aomvljuD;ESpfa<muf>pum;ud k ud kr d kufu<fowd7
vmonf? rdrdwmudktoH k;csum 0ufzefvd kuf7aumif;rnfvm;[kvnf;
awG;r donf?
wbufwGifvnf; udkrd kufu<fonf rdrdwmudk udkifvdkufESdKufvdkuf
vkyfae7mwmESi f h rwif;wdrf? onfaumifrav;ud kvnf; tawmfud k
wyfrufoabmusae7m rdrdudk<fwdkifyguifzGif hum tm;7yg;7vdk;ypfcsifonfh
qENuvnf; tvGefud k _yif;_yaeonf? xdkajumif h <ckavmavmq<f
rdr dud k<fwd ki fyi f onfaumifrav;ud k ØoH k ; ×7e f qH k ; _zwfvd kufonf?
aemu fy d k i f ; r S wr s d K ;wrn ftuGu fqi fum Ø0u fze f ×< lawm hrn f ?
r dr dwmonf touf(12)E Sp ft@ G<f | wu<f hi<fi<fE kE kav;_zp f7m
rdrdu yguifzGi f hpyf<Suf_yD;onfhwd ki f tjuHtzefaumif;aumif;_zpfEd li f
ajumif;ud kvnf; udkr d kufu<fu twwfodonf?
xd kajumif h- -?
17
Þ ti f ;- -ei fu ig htvd kusvd ku favsmr<fqd kawm hvnf ;
eifvd kcsifwJ haiG ay;7rSmayg h? eifu igvkyfcsifwmawGud k tvkyfcH7r<f
aemf- - ß
ud kr d ku fu<fu tyd ki fc s Dumar;onf? aumi frav;uvnf;
rsuf7nf7pf0J0rf;enf;ae7if;u acgif;av;ud kndwf_yvd kuf7@Smonf?
ud kr d kufu<fu tm;7auseyfpGmwcsuf_yH K; _y D;aemuf rdrdwm>
aygi fc G jum;ud k nmvuf_zi f hvSr f ;E S d Kufonf? tzkwfay:od k hvuf_zi f h
t ky fwi fum y Gw fonf? TuJ ho d k htz kw fu d ki fc H7r S Kr s d K ; ju H K7rnfud k
r dr dwm jud Kwi fwGufxm;c J h _y D ; _zp fonf? od k haom f tys d Kpi fav;r d k h
wu<fwrf ;tzkwftud ki fc H7aomtcgwGi fawmh wGe f hue J _zp f@ Smonf?
rsufESmawGeD7Jxltrf;um udk<fudkvnf; aemufodk hqwfueJqkwfvdkufonf?
rdrdwmonf tysdK@k dif;wdk h>@Sufajumufaompdwf_zif hom @kef;xGuf
_cif;_zpfajumif;ud k ud kr d kufu<fem;vnfonf? onfcsmwdwfrav;onf
<ck rdrdvufckyfxJua7b0a7mufae_yDrd k h ud kr d kufu<fu odyftjurf;
ywrf;rvky fyg? cyfomomyifud ki fz d k h p dwful;xm;onf? xd kajumif h
udkrd kufu<fonf tomyifa@Shodk hwdk;onf? rdrdwmESifhxdvkxdcif_zpfatmifudk
e D ;uyfIoGm;onf? rdr dwmonf acgif;juD;ud ki H k hxm;onf? touf@SL
18
_yif;aeonf?
u d k r d ku fu<fu aumi frav;ay gi fc Gq H k r S apmu fz kw fay:o d k h
nmvufud k tomyifvSrf;tkyfwifvd kuf_yefonf? apmapmu udki fprf;
rdpOfuvdkr[kwfawmhyJ apmufzkwfonf rd k hr d k hazgif;azgif;_zpfaeonfud k
prf;rd7m ieJom;oabmusoGm;onf? aumifrav; pdwfxjuGvmajumif;
xif@ Sm;onf houfaor[kwfygvm;? rdr dwmtzd k hr Smawmh rjuHKz l ;aom
7ifcke fp dwfvSKyf@ Sm;rS Krs d K ; _zpfay:aeavonf?
<cif udkrd kufu<f>Edk hqG Jzifuk dift_yKcH7onfhtcgawGu _zpfay:
c J h7avaom 7ifz k dp dwfvS Ky f@ Sm ;r S Kr sm;xuf yd kItm;_yi f ;onf? yd kI
7ifarmp7maumif;onf? olrtzd k h ud krd kufu<f>zifyGwf| Ed k he<f| yg;erf;|
ycke f;zufpo_zif h t_yKcH7aomtcgrsm;wGifwudk<fvH k;z de f;@ S de f ;um 7ifzd k
armcJ hz l;ygonf? odk haomf <ck apmufzkwfud ki ftprf;cH7I_zpfay:vmaom
7ifz d karm[d kufr S Kvd krs d K ;awmh r[kwfyg? 7ifc ke f7wmcsi f ;wlaomfvnf;
c Hpm;7rS Kuawmh t_ywfud kuGmonf? wudk<fvH k ;wke fc d kufoGm;7onfh
c Hpm;rS Krs d K ; _zpfonf?
Þ tuFs D cÈwfvd kuf- - ß
19
udkr d kufu<fu rdr dwm> tys d Kpp fpp f | EkxGwfr d k hazgi f ;aom
tzkwfEkEkopfopfuav;ud k tkyfud ki fy Gwfoyfae7mrS avoHwd k;wd k ;E Si f h
a_ymonf? aumifrav;>em;@Gufem;od k huyfum cyfwd k;wd k ;a_ymvd kuf_cif;
_zpf_yD; pum;qH k;onfESif h em;@Guftzsm;av;ud k oGm;_zif hremjuifatmif
tomudkufay;vd kufonf? aumifrav; yd kvd k h7ifwkefvmonf?
rdr dwmonf ud kr d kufu<fEd k hud ki fwmcHzl;aomfvnf; wcgr#awmh
tuFs DrcÈwfcJ h7zl;yg? tuFs DcÈwf7rSmud k rdrdwm@SufvSygonf? od k haomf
ud kr d ku fu<ftvd kus vd kufavsm7rnf hta_ctaer d k h r_ii f ;qe f7 Jy g ?
ud kr d kufu<fu tcÈwfcd ki f ;v#if | rdrdwmtae_zif h cÈwf7ayrnf?
20
uÈefr7J hta_ctaeu udkrd kufu<fqEN@S d7m vkyfay;7r<fhb0yg?
'gajumif huÈefr[m @Suf@SufajumufajumufeJ hy J tuFs Dju<foD;awGud k
p,_zKwf7ygw<f? uÈefr0wfxm;wmu @Sy ftuFs Dqefqefbavmufpf
wygwf7p fav;y g ? tJ' D@ Sy ftuF s Dy H k p H bavmufp fwygwfE Gr f ;av;7 J h
7ifbwfju<foD;awGud k _zKwfae7wmyg?
ud kr d kufu<fuawmh uÈe fraygi fjum;ud k nmvufe J hE S d Kuf _y D ;
uÈe frOpPmav;ud k ususeeyGwfay;ae7if ; uÈe fr7 J h7i fbwfy d ki f ;qDud k
rsufvH k ; _yL;juD;awGeJ h iH k h _y D;junfhaeygw<f? udkr d kufu<fu uÈefrxuf
acgif;wvHk;pmavmuf t7yfyd k _rif hwmqdkawmh tay:qH k;tuFs Dju<foD;
_yKwf_yD; [oGm;wJ htuFs D7ifbwfjum;uae aumif;aumif;juD;qD;junfh
E d li fwmayg h?
udkrd kufu<fu uÈefrudk Øvkyf×zd k hjuHae_yDqdkwm uÈefr7dyfrdygw<f
@Sif? uÈefr[m 7ifzd kroef;zl;ao;wJh tys d Kav;wa<mufyg? 'gayr<fh
odjuwJ htwd ki f ;y Jav? uÈefrwd k hae7wJ hae7mu qif;7 Jom;7yfuGuf?
usL;ausmf7yfuGufvk d hawmif a_ymEd li fw<f? tdrfi<fav;awG _yGwfodyf
aewm? _yD ;awmh uÈefrwd k hi Sm;ae7wmuvnf; tzDtqG<fuav;?
ab;em;uyf7ufwJtdrfteD;tem;w0d kufrSm vifr<m;av;ig;wG Javmufud k
aejuwm? onfawmh a<mus fm;e J hr de f ;r Øvky f ×juwJ htajumif ;ud k
21
uÈefraumif;aumif;odaewmayg h? 'gayr<f hud kr d kufu<fu uÈefrud k
Øv ky f ×z d k htxdjuHvdr f hr<fvd k hawm h rxifc J hr dwmtrSe fy g ? tvGe fqH k ;
ta@S hzifud k yGwfud ki f | aemufbufuzifaygufES d KufwmavmufyJ tvkyfcH
7r<fvdk h xifxm;rdcJ hwm? tif;av? uÈefrvkdcsifwJhaiGuvnf; eJeJaemaem
rSr[kwfwm? ig;7mjuD;rsm;awmifqd kawmh ay;7wmeJ hwefatmif olu
Øvkyf×r Smayg hav? uÈefr bmrsm;a_ymqd kE d li fr SmwJ hvJ? ol Øvkyf×wmud k
c H7z d k hy J @S dawmhwmayg haem f? tcky Jjunf hav? tuFs DcÈwfay;ae7_y D?
olu tuFs DcÈwfcd ki f ;@ k He J h 7yfaerSmr[kwfygbl;? wudk<fvH k ;a_ymif@Si f;
aeatmif udk<fvH k;wD;tcÈwfcd ki f;tkef;rSmvm;? trav;? awG;junfhwmeJ h
awmif ausmcsrf;r dyg7J h?
tuFs Dju<foD;tm;vHk;_zKwf_yD;wJhtcg uÈefru tay:0wftuFs Dudk
c Gmcs _y D ; tem;r Sm@ S daewJ haowWmwvH k ;ay: tomypfwifvd kufw<f?
tawmfud k@ Sufr daewmrSe fayr<f h rxl;wJ hta_ctaeajumif hvm;awmh
rodbl;? uÈefr[m cyfoGufoGufyJvkyfvd kufrdwm?
twGi f ;c Ht_zp fuÈe fr[m b7mp D<mpnf ;aE Smi fxm;y gw<f?
b7mpD<m0wfxm;wmu b<fvd k7nf@G<fcsufeJ hr Sr[kwfbl;? uÈefru
qif;7Jw<fav? t0wftpm;qd kvd k h r<fr<f77r0<fEd li fygbl;? olrsm;
tusawG0wf7wm? tck uÈefr0wfxm;wJ hb7mpD<mu uÈefrt0wf
22
oGm ;av#m fay ;ae7wJ ht dr fwtdr fu trwa<mufay;ur f ;xm;wm?
@ Si f ;@ Si f ;a _ym7v#i f uÈe frv d kqi f ;7 Jo lr de f ;uav;wa<muftwGuf
abmfvD0wfwmxuf b7mpD<m0wfwmu yd k _y D ;wGufacsud kufw<f?
b7mpD<muao;awmh av#mf7zGwf7vSef;7oufomw<f? qyf_ymvnf;
odyfrukefbl;? 0wfwJhae7mrSmvnf; oufawmif houfwm@S d_yD; vG<fw<f
av? tckuÈe fr7i fr Smpnf ;xm;wJ hb7mp D<mu taumi f ;pm;awm h
taumif;pm;yg? 'gayr<fh olrsm;0wfcsifovdk0wf_yD; a[mif;EGr f;aerS
ay;urf;p Ge f hus Jxm;wmqd kawmh b<frSmwif;wif;7if ;7if ;csy fcsy f7yf7yf
@S dawmhrSmvJ? avsmhwdavsmh7J_zpfae_yD? odyf_yD; zH k ;z H k ;z dz drvkyfEd li fawmh
bl;?
yifud k<fut_zLa7mifb7mpD<m[m tckawmh !dknpfnpfawmif
_zpfvd k h? 7ifbH kuZmtem;om;awGqd k7if pkwfwJ hae7mupkwf| _ywfwJ h
ae7mu _ywfeJh? _yD;awmh @Suf@SufeJha_ym77if uÈefr[m touf(12)ESpfom
@S dao;wm? vlaumifuawmh tawmfud kxGm;ae_yD? 7ifom;awGuvnf;
tawmfud kjuD;ae_yD? (udkrd kufu<fqGJay;xm;vdk h Ed k hy d kxGm;aewmvm;awmh
ra_ymwwfbl;?) 'Dawmh avsmhwdavsmh7Jb7mpD<mu uÈefr7J hrd k hr d k h0ef;0ef;
7ifom;qdkifawGudk b<fvdkvkyfvHkatmifzH k;El difrSmvJ? uÈefr7J htay:yd kif;[m
rvHk hwvHkawmifr[kwfbl;? bvmusif;vkeD;yg;ud k _zpfaewm?
23
ie Jom ;[m b7mp D<matmufu @ ke f ;ue fx Gu fawm hrv d k
tdueJwif;ueJ_zpfaewJh uÈefr7J hE d k htH kjuD;awGud k rsufvH k;_yL;juD;awGeJ h
p l;p d kufjunfhaew<f? tHr<f? olhwHawG;rs d Kcsvd kufoHu ~vkueJqd kwm
udkawmif uÈefrtwdki f;om;jum;vd kuf7yg7J h? tif;- -uÈefr7J hom;_rwf
7ifom;qd ki fawG[m wpdrf;a<mufsm;wa<muf7J h rsufpdpm;yG Jxd ki fp7m
_zpfaewmuawmh tonf;emp7maumif;wmayg h@ Si f?
Þ xrDcÈwfvd kuftkef;- - ß
ud kr d kufu<fu apcd ki f;vm_yefw<f?
_zpf7yH krsm;? uÈefrav rsufESmb<fvdkxm;7rSef;awmif rodawmh
bl;? a<mufsm;wa<mufa@S hrSm (_yD;awmh pl;pl;7J7JjuD;vnf; junfhaewm
av) xrDcÈwf7rSm t7rf;ud k@ Sufr dw<f? rcÈwf7Jbl;? wu<fyg?
@ G H h a jumuf _y D ; wGe f hq kwfqkwf _zp faew<f? 'gud k ud kr d ku fu<fu
pdwfr@Snfcsifbl;xifyg7J h? uÈefr7Jhcg;jum;rSm!Syfxm;wJh xrDtxufqifudk
qwfueJqG J _zKwfyp fvd kufwm? td k ;- -bma_ymaumif ;rvJ? uÈe fr
0wfxm;wJ hxrD[m av#mueJuÈwfoGm;ygava7m?
Þ td k- - ß
24
@Sufp7maumif;vdkufwmuawmh a_ymraeygeJ hawmh@Sif? uÈefr[m
yg;pyfua<mif<rf;atmf7if; uÈwfusoGm;wJ hxrDud k vSrf;qG Jvd kufygao;
w<f? 'gayr<fh xrDud kvSrf;qG Jz d k hud k<fud ki f;tusrSm udkr d kufu<fu
uÈefr7J hE d k htH kawGud k qD;_y D ;p H kud ki fqky fe<fvd kufwmajumif h uÈefr[m
xrDudvSrf;rqG JE d li fawmhygbl;? uÈefr7J hxrDav;[m a_c7if;rSmyH k7ufom;
usoGm;ygawmhw<f?
twGif;cHabmif;bD@S daeao;wmrdk h xrDuGif;vHkyH kuÈwfusoGm;ayr<fh
uÈefr7J hatmufyd ki f ; yvmusif;_yD;zifta_ymifom;awmh r_zpfao;ygbl;?
a_ym7OD;r<f? uÈefr0wfxm;wJhtwGif;cHabmif;bDqd kwmuvnf;
olrsm;7J htus| ta[mif;tEGrf;yg? _yD;awmh rdef;uav;trsm;pk0wfavh
@S djuwJh twGif;cHabmif;bDwd kuav;rs d K ;vnf; r[kwfygbl;? tm;upm;
abmif;bDwd kvd k h ac:7rvm;rodbl;? aygift7if;yd ki f;avmuftxd tum
tuG<fay;xm;ygw<f? 'gayr<fhta[mif;qdkawmh ta7mifu npfxyfxyf
_zpfvd k haeyg_yD? odyfvnf; rcd ki fcsifawmhbl;?
_zpf7yH krsm; a_ymygw<f? tJ'DtwGif;c Habmif;bD7J h aygif7if;
cGqH ktom;u cyf7d7d7<f? apmapmu udkrd kufu<faygifjum;xd k;ES d Kuf
uvdxm;wmajumif h e~d kucyf7d7d_zpfaewJhaygifcGqH kae7mrSm vufESpfvH k;
25
omomavmuf _yJae_yD? tJ'Dvdk_yJaewJhae7muvnf; wu<fhae7maumif;?
uÈefr7J hta@S hzif([d kOpPmav;yg? odygvdrf hr<f) eJ hwnfhwnfh? 'Dawmh
t_y Jae7mav;uae _y D ; uÈe fr7 J hta@ S h zi fw0ufomomavmuf[m
_yL;ueJxif;ueJ ay:aeawmhwmayg h?
uÈe fr _zi f h r su fE Smud kb<fvd kxm;7r Se f ;awmi frodawm hb l ; ?
@ Sufvd kufwm@Si f? _y D ;awmh 0rf;vnf;t7rf;enf;wmyJ? ^Smbl;juD;
ud kr d ku fu<f7 J ha@ S har Smufr Sm t0wftpm;rvH krvJe J h@ S dae7wmajumi f h
@ Sufr dwJ ht_yi f uÈe fr7 J htwGi f ;c Ht0wftpm;awG_zp fwJ h b7mpD<meJ h
twGif;cHabmif;bDawG a[mif;EGr f;p kwf_ywfaerSKajumif hvnf; tvdkvd ky J
odrfi<f0rf;enf;pdwfawG_zpfaerdygw<f? 'gajumif h acgif;juD;udktwGifom
iH k hxm;7w<f? rsuf7nfawGvnf; awGawGusqif;vd k haeygw<f?
'Dtcd kufrSmyJud kr d kufu<fu uÈefraygifc GqH kud k ol hvufz0g;e J h
tom@k dufykwfvd kufw<f?
Þ zwf- - ß
aygif7if;cGqH ku ta@S hzifay:ud k wnfhwnfhjuD;ud k@ k dufrdwm@Sif?
@k dufwmuawmh cyfomomav;yg? td k;- -uÈefrqd kwm wudk<fvH k;ud k
26
wkefoGm;wmyJ? uÈefr7J hta@S hzif[mvnf; azgif;juGarmufwufvmw<f?
txJrSmawmh pd kp d kp dp dawmif _zpfvd k h ? bmajumif h' Dvd k _zp f7w<fqd kwm
tJ'Dtcs de ftcgwkef;u uÈefrrodcJ hygbl;? udk<fawGhr S rjuHKzl;ao;wm?
' Dudp PawGtajumif ;ud k b<fem;vnftke f ;r SmvJ? 7ifxJwvSy fvSy fe J h
p dwfawGt7rf;vSKyf@ Sm;_yD; wudk<fvH k ;xlylz de f;@ S de f ;aewmudky J cHpm;od@S d
ae7w<f?
Þ eif hapmufzkwfjuD;u rd k hr d k h juD;azgif;wufaeygvm;[ rdwm ß
ud kr d kufu<fu uÈefr7J hta@S hzifud k vufeJ htomtkyfud ki fy Gwf
ae7if;u a_ymw<f? [kwfygw<fav? uÈefr7J hta@Shzif[m rkef haygif;juD;
wckvd k azgif;juGwufaewmuawmh trSeftuefygyJ?
Þ eif hapmufzkwfrSm apmufar$;awGbmawGaygufae_yDvm; ß
ar;vm_yef_yD? cufvd kufwmaemf? uÈefrb<fvd k _yefa_z7rSmvJ?
uÈefr[m ud k<fvH k ;omxGm;aewm? toufu (12)ESp fy J@ S dao;wm?
'Dawmh b<frSmtar$;ayguftke f ;r SmvJ? 'Dvd kraygufao;wJ htajumif;
yg;pyfu _yefa_ymrxGufbl;? acgif;ud komyd k _y D;i H k hvd kufrdw<f? olhar;cGe f;
ajumif h uÈefryd krsufESmtxm;7cuf_yD; pdwfvnf;yd kvSKyf@Sm;vm7ygw<f?
27
Þ uJ- -uJ- -a_ymaejumygw<f? eif hapmufywfrSm apmufar$;
awGaygufae_yDvm;vd k h junfhju7atmif ß
uÈefrbmrS_yefra_zawmh udkrd kufu<fua_ymvmw<f? a_yma_ym
qd kqd k vufESpfvH k ;omomavmufpkwf_yJaewJh twGif;cHabmif;bDjum;u
cyf7d7dae7mud k xyf_yD;_z Jjunfhzd k h[ef_yifvd kufw<f?
uÈefr _idrfraeomawmhbl;?
Þ [m- -abmif;bDud kawmh _zJrypfygeJ h@ Si f h ß
uÈe fru uref;uwef;a_ym_y D ; ol hvufaumuf0wfud kvnf;
qkyfzrf;xm;vd kufrdw<f? r@Sufwrf;a_ym7r<fqdk7if uÈefrrSm twGif;cH
abmif;bDqd kvd k h 'gav;wxnfyJ@S dawmhwmyg? 'gud ky J aehcsif;_yD;av#mfzGyf
vd k howdxm;0wfae7wm? tck cGjum;ae7mrSm vufESpfvH k ;pmavmuf
_yJae_yD? 'Dxufyd kp kwf_yJoGm;7if uÈefrrSm twGif;cHabmif;bD0wfp7m
vH k;0r@S dawmhbl;? twGif;cHrygyJ xrDwxyfwnf;0wfae7awmhrSm?
Þ eif hapmufywfrSm apmufar$;awGaygufaeovm;? aygufraebl;
vm;qd kwm junhfcsifvd k hyg[ ß
28
wu<f7pfwJ hvl? 'Dtar$;udpPud kyJ a7;juD;cGifus<fvkyfaew<f?
uÈefrb<fwwfEd li fawmhrSmvJ? @Suf@Sufe J hy J a@S hrsufESmaemufxm;_yD;
_yefta_zay;vd kuf7ygawmhw<f?
Þ [dk- -[dk- -r- -raygufao;ygbl;@Si f h ß
Þ 'gqd k eif hapmufz kwfav;u bmtar$;r Sr@ S dy J a_ymif@ Si f ;
aewmayg h- - ß
Þ [kwf- -[kwfuJ h- - ß
Þ at;- -eif hapmufzkwfuwHk;a_ymifav;ud k junfh7tkef;r<f ß
vm_yef_yD? wck_yD;awmh wck? 'Dvd ka_ym7if; abmif;bDcGjum;u
t_yJae7mav;ud k xyf_zJz d k h[ef_yif_yefygw<f? uÈefrvnf; _ym_ymovJ
awmif;yef7_yefwmayg h?
Þ rvkyfyge J h@ Si f? 'gav;pkwf_ywfoGm;7if uÈefrrSm 0wfp7m
r@S dawmhvd k hyg? qkwf_zJrypfyge J h OD;r d kufu<f7<f? awmif;yefygw<f? ß
29
rwwfEd li fawmhbl;? trSeftwdki f;yJa_ym_y_yD; awmif;yef7awmh
wmygyJ? 'Dawmhud kr d kufu<f wcsufawGueJ_zpfw<f?
_ y D ; awm h E S Kw f cr f ; ar $ ; ppav;aw Gaum h axmi fo G m ; atmi f
_yH K;vd kuf_yD;- -
Þ 'gav;rsm;- -bmcufwmrSwfvd k h? igu eif hud k twGif;cH
abmif;bDtopfoH k ;xnf0<fay;rSmayg h? [kwf_yDvm; ß
olu 'Dvd ktavsmftpm;ay;r<fqd kawmh (tavsmfay;rSmuvnf;
topfoH k ;xnfawmifav) uÈefr r_iif;qefomawmhygbl;? r[ef hwm;
omawmhygbl;? vdkufavsm7awmhrSmaygh? 'gajumif hacgif;ud k tomndwf_y
vd kuf7ygawmhw<f?
Þ _Ad- - ß
uÈefru acgif;ndwfoabmwlvd kufw<fqd kwmeJ h ud kr d kufu<f
uvnf; bm_refovJ rar;e J h ? uÈefr7J htwGi f ;c Habmif;bDc Gjum;ud k
qwfueJqG J _z Jypfvd kufygava7m?
30
uÈefr0wfxm;wJ h twGif;cHabmif;bDu ta[mif;tEGrf;ygqd kr S?
7daeyg_yDvdk h a_ymxm;_yD;_yDaemf? 'gajumifh udkrd kufu<fqkwf_zJcsvdkufawmh
_yJxGufoGm;awmhwmayg h? oluawmh uÈefr7J hta@S hzifav;ud k junfhEd li f
_rifEd li f@ k H qkwf_zJypfvd kufwmaerSmygyJ? 'gayr<fh tpuwnf;u7daewJh
uÈe fr7J htwGi f ;c Habmif ;bDav;[m olqkwf_z Jyp fvd kufwmeJ hwcgwnf;
ESp f _crf;uG Jatmifud k pkwf_ywfxGufoGm;awmhwmygyJ?
twGi f ;c Habmif ;bD ESp f _cr f ;uG JoGm;atmifqkwf _z Jyp f _y D ;aemuf
uÈefr7J haygifcGjum;u ta@ShzifeJ h wifyg;om;juD;awG b<frSmzH k;zH k;umum
@S daeEd li fawmhr SmvJ? txif;om;| t@Si f ;om;ud k ay:wifjuD;_zpfoGm;
awmhwmyJayg h?
Þ awmuf- -vSvd kufwJ hapmufzkwfav;uGm? _zLEk_yD; rd k hazgif;
aewmy J? tuG Jajumi f ;av;uvnf; r[w[eJ h ? apmufar $ ;r@ S dy J
a_ymifpifoef haewmuvnf; tyDyJ? tyDyJ- - ß
ud kr d kufu<fu uÈe fr7 J haygi fc GqH kud k rsufvH k ; _yL;juD ;awGe J h
p l ;p l;p d kufpd kufjunfh_yD; a_ymvd kufw<f?
olhpum;ajumif h uÈefrvnf;a<mifaygif_yD; udk<fhaygifjum;udk<f
31
_ye fi H k h junf hr dygw<f@Si f? tvd kav;av;? ud kr d kufu<fa_ymwJ htwd ki f ;
ygyJvm;? uÈefr7J hta@S hzifav? _zLEkaewmyJ? azgif;juGtdwufaewmyJ?
r d k hazgi f ;aewJ hta@S hzi f7 J htv<frSmawmh ywfjum;tufvd ktuG Jajumif;
ae7mav;u r[w[eJh? tar$;uvnf; wyifrSr@S dawmh a_ymif@Si f;vd k h?
uÈe frararu @Sr f ;w@ kw frav? tazuvnf; ye fc smy D ?
taru tom;0if;rGwf_yD;_zLw<f? tazuawmh tom;cyfvwfvwf?
t_zLbufyd kw<f? uÈefrusawmh tarhbufEG<f_yD; tarhxufawmif
tom;0if;0g _zLE kao;w<f? _yD ;awmh onfvd kaygi fc GqH kta@S hzi fae7m
qdkwmu zHk;zH k ;umumt_rJvkyfxm;_yD; aea7mifawmifrSrxdrxdk;zl;ao;wJh
ae7mr[kwfvm;? yd k _y D; 0if;aewmayg h? yd k _y D; azG;tkaewmayg h?
wu<fa _ymwmy g@ S i f ? uÈe f rtc k touf (12 )E S p f @ S d _ y D ?
ud k<f haygi fjum;uOpPmud k tckvd krs d K ;aoaocsmcsmiH k hrjunfhc J hao;ygbl;?
q D ;o Gm ;7i f ; a7aq;wJ htc g ore fum@ Se fumjunf hr dwmavmufy J
@S dw<f? _yD;awmh cgwd ki f ;tcs de frs d K ;qd k7if uÈefr7J hta@S hzif[m tckvd k
r d k hr d k h juD;azgif;juGcke f;armufraeygbl;? aygifc Gjum;rSm csyfcsyf7yf7yfav;
uyf_yD; rd k hw<fqd k@ k H rodromav;rd k haewm? a[m- -? tckqd k7if
avxd k ;oGi f ;xm;ovd kc ke f ;armuf_y D ; rd k hazgi f ;wufaewm? bmajumif h
' Dvd k _zpfae7wmvJ? uÈefr rodygbl;?
32
tJ'Dae7mu ylaEG;aEG;eJ hzdef;wdef;wdef;_zpfaewmuwmh taotcsm
yJ? txJrSm t7nfawGtrsm;juD;pd kaew<f? t_yifud kawmif enf;enf;
p dr f hxGufaeavrvm;yJ?
Þ oGm ;- -[d kaowWmay:r Sm yufvufvSe ft dy f ? _y D ;7i f
' l;axmifaygifum;xm;? eif hud k igwufvd k;rvd k h- - ß
ud kr d kufu<fu a_ymqdk!$efjum;w<f?
wu<fhud k yd ki fy d ki fE d li fE d li fa_ymwmygyJ? 'Dvd kta_ymrs d K ;ud k uÈefr
rjudKufygbl;? 'gayr<fh 'Dvd kta_ymcHvd kuf7wJhtcs de fr Sm uÈefrpdwfawG
uawmh t7rf;ud kvSKyf@ Sm;_yD; 7ift_ywfcke fvm7ygw<f? trSeftwdki f;
0e fc H7r<fqd k7i f uÈe fr[m ud k<f hp dwfud k<fawmi frE d li fawmhy gbl ;?
bmvkyf7rSef;rod? pdwf!S d K h _yKpm;cHxm;7wJhvlwa<mufvdk _zpfae7w<f?
'Dvd kta_ctaers d K ;r Sm udkr d kufu<f7J h yd ki fy d ki fE d li fE d li fcyf_ywf_ywf
a_ymqk dapcd ki f ;oHjum;vd kuf7awmh uÈefr[m olcd ki f ;wJ htwdki f; woa0
rwdrf;vkyfay;vd kufrdw<f?
tck ud kr d kufu<feJ huÈe frwd k hE Sp fa<muf a7mufaejuwm[m
33
ypPnf;odrf;wJhtcef;av;yg? vbuf7nfqdkifeJ h woD;w_cm;vdk_zpfaew<f?
t_yifvl 0ifrvmEdlifbl;? tcef;uawmh odyfrus<fvSbl;? @Spfayywfvnf
avmufyJ@S dwm? tcef;xJrSm bmawGxnfhxm;rSef;rodwJh aowWmjuD;awG
@ S daew<f? ud kr d kufu<f!$e f _ywJ hae7muawmh aowWmjuD;E Sp fc k[m
a@ S haemufp D _y D ; uyf7ufcsxm;w<f? ' Dawmh c Hwifav;wckvd kr s d K ;
_zpfaewmayg h?
uÈefru tJ'DaowWmESpfckuyf7ufom;@S daewJhae7mudk oGm;7w<f?
xuf_crf ;uG Jatmifp kwf_ywfoGm;wJ h uÈe fr7J htwGi f ;c Habmif;bDuawmh
b<ftcs de fr Sm _y KwfusoGm;w<f ra_ymwwfawmhy gbl ; ? tckqd k7i f
u È e f rwu d k< fv H k ; r S m b7mp D<mtp kw f av ; rv H k rv Juv G J 7 i f
bmt0wftpm;r S @S draeawmhygbl;? 0wfvpfpvpf_zp fae_y Dvd k hawmif
a_ym7if7ygw<f? atmufyd ki f ;uawmh yvmusif;_yD;a_ymif@Si f;vd k h?
aow Wmaw Gtem ;a7mu fawm h tay:u d kv Sr f ;wu f7w<f ?
_yD;awmh yufvuftdyfcsvd kufw<f? ud kr d kufu<fu uÈefraemufu
vdkufvmavrvm;? uÈefrud k rsufpdt7omcH_yD; 7yfjunfhaervm;?
ra_ymwwfbl;? uÈefrol hbufud k wcsufav;rSawmif iJ hapmif;rjunfh
r dbl;? @Sufvd k h | rsufESmylvd k hrjunfh7Jwmvnf; ygw<fav?
34
aowWmay:yu fvufv Se ft dy f _ y D ; awm h ' l ;E S p fv H k ; axmi f _y D ;
aygi fum;ay;vd kuf7ygw<f? 'g[m a<mufsm;vkyfwmcHz d k h rde f ;rawG
aeay;7wJ htaetxm;qd kwmud kawm h uÈe frem;vnfxm;y gw<f?
ud kr d kufu<fu uÈefrud kwufvkyfawmhrSmygyJ?
uÈe fr ajumufawm hrajumufawm hy gb l ; ? ta_ctaeu
rxl;awmh_yDyJ? ajumufaevnf; tyd kyJr[kwfvm;? tJ- -ajumufawmh
rajumufawmhayr<fh @Sufawmht7rf;@Sufrdaew<fvd k h qd k7avrvm;?
uÈefrwudk<fvH k ; tzsm;wufovdk wqwfqwfwkefaew<f? rsufESm
qd kwm r D ;ui fxm;ovm;xi f7atmi f y laewm? rsufE Smtxm;7
cufaew<f? uÈefrtay:wufvkyfawmhr<fhudkrd kufu<fudk rsufESmcsif;qdkif
rjunf h7 Jb l ; ? ' gajumi f h r sufp dp H kr S dw fxm;vd ku fw<f? _zp fv d k7m
_zpfapawmh?
35
rdrdwmwa<muf aowWmESpfckpDxm;wJhtay:rSm yufvuftdyf_yD;
'l;axmifaygifum;taetxm;eJ h tvdk;cHzd k htoifh_zpfoGm;csdefrSm udkrd kufu<f
uvnf; ypPnf;odrf;cef;wHcg;ud k csufcsydwf_yD; | ol hud k<fay:u t0wf
tpm;awGud k cyf_ref_refyJcÈwfypfvd kufw<f?
udkrd kufu<f[m yxefeJ ha~:7cg;pyfqdkawmh t7yf_rif h_rif hxGm;xGm;
judKif;judKif;juD;yg? tar$;tr#ifvnf; xlxyfw<f? yg;odkif;ar$;| rkwfqdwf
ar$;awG a_ymifpifatmif7dwfxm;wmrd k h olhrsufESmay:rSmawmh ESKwfcrf;ar$;
ppyJ@S dw<f? tJ- -7ifbwf| 0rf;Ad kuf| aygifvH k ; | vufarmif;| vufzsef
awGrSmawmh tar$;tr#ifvdrfaumufaumufawG 'if;jurf;yJ? tckvd k
t0wftpm;awGcÈwfypf_yD; udk<fvHk;wD;_zpfaecsdefrSmawmh t_rD;_zwfxm;wJh
arsmuf0HjuD;waumifeJ hawmif wlaeao;w<f?
ud kr d kufu<f haygi fjum;u vD;acsmi f ;juD;uawmh rwfawmif
raeao;ygbl;? aysm hac Gaewmvnf; r[kwfbl;? b<fvd ka_ymrvJ?
rawmif hwawmif| raysmhrrm taetxm;rs d K ;@ S daewm?
iyJu t@G<fawmhrao;vSygbl;? rawmif hwawmiftaetxm;
rSmawmif @Spfvufravmuf@Snf_yD; usyfvHk;r@S dw@S davmufudkwkwfaewm?
udkrd kufu<f[m tom;rnf;eufa_ymifraeayr<fh vD;usawmh bmajumifh
36
rSef;rodbl;? rD;aoG;cJ@ S H K ;avmufatmifud k rnf;eufaew<f? vD;ar$;awG
uvnf; tawmfud k@ Snfw<f? xlvnf;xl rsm;vnf;rsm;w<f? qD;pyf
w0d kufeJ h vD;weft7if;bufem;rSm vdrfaumufxlyspf@S Ky faxG;aewmyJ?
vD;xdyfuta7_ym;ud k vS D;_zwfxm;wmrd k h 'pfjuD;u _yJvefeD7Jvd k h?
aowWmESpfvH k ;qufay:rSm yufvufvSeftdyf_yD; rsufaphpH kr S dwf
xm;wJ h tys d Krav;r dr dwmtaee J huawm h ol hu d kpy f< Sufawm hr<f h
ud kr d kufu<f7J h tar$;xlxluk d<fvH k ;wD;cEWmud k<fjuD;e J h vD;wefjuD;ud k
rawG hr_rif7ao;bl;ayg h?
u d k r d ku fu<f[m rawmi f hwawmi f _zp f aew J ho l h iy J ju D ;u d k
nmvufeJ h tomudki f _y D;y Gwfaqmhay;7if; rdrdwmtdyfaewJ haowWmESpfc k
qDudk tomcsOf;uyfoGm;w<f? tem;a7mufawmh aowWmwcktpyfem;rSm
wifyg;v$ J _y D ;xd ki fw<f?
ud kr d kufu<f7J hrsufvH k ;juD;ESp fc kuawmh rdrdwmhaygifc Gjum;uudk
rcGmEd li fbl;? b<fcGmEd li fr SmvJ? 'l;av;axmif| aygifwef_zL_zLwkwfwkwf
juD;E Sp facsmi f ;ud k um;xm;wmqd kawmh aygi fc Gjum;uapmufywf[m
txif;om;tuGif;om;juD; ay:aewmudk;?
37
touf (12)ESp fom@S dao;wJ h EkE kxGwfxGwftys d Kaygufrav;
7 J hapmufywfr[kwfvm;? ygui fy dw fatm f7 D~ si fe<fav;r[kwfvm;?
vS Ky f@ Sm;E d k ; juGaewJ h aoG;om;7rufp dwfawGajumif h a'grme fxaewJ h
zm;~ke f!Sif;juD;vd k ql_zd K;r d k hum;azgif;juGwufaeayr<fh yuf_yJjuD;awmh
_zpfraeygbl;? apmufzkwfjuD;7J htv<faumifu tuGJajumif;av;qdk7if
[awmif raebl;? tufajumif;ae7mav;ud k cyfa7;a7;om_rif7wm?
t J apmufap hav;uawm h tJ' DtuG Ja jumi f ;tv<fem ;avmufr Sm
wpf_yLwpf_yLuav;_zpfvd k h? aumifrav;u tom;_zLw<f? aeylpyfcg;
tvkyfrs dK;pH kvdkufvkyf7vdk h aeavmifcHxm;7wmawG@S dayr<fh aygifcGjum;u
apmufywfqd kwmuawmh aea7mifxdwmrSr[kwfwm? _zLEkaewmyJ?
0if;rGwfaewmyJ? apmufar$;uvnf; raygufao;awmh a_ymif@Si f;vd k h?
vSrSvS? azG;rSazG;?
ta_ctaeuvnf; tm;vHk;tdkaurSmpd ka_yaew<fav? wu<fhudk
y d ki fae_yD? ab;bD bmtaESmif ht<SufrSvnf; r@S dE d li fbl;? aumifrav;
uvnf; ol_yKor#Ek7awmhrSm? olhpdwfjudKufol hoabm? vdk7moH k;Ed li f _yD?
' l ;axmi f | aygi fum; | yufvufuav;_zp faewJ hr dr dwmud k< fay:ud k
wufcG_yD; t_ywfzd kufypfzd k hy J@ S dawmhwm?
'gayr<fh- - -?
38
udkr d kufu<ftwGuf ta7;aumif;r S' de f ;a'gi f ;zsufqd kwmrs d K ;vd k
i<fi<fEkEktys d Kppfppfcsmwdwfrav;ud k tyd ki fwufvd k;7awmhr<fhtcs de f
usrS _y\emay:vd k hvmygava7m?
_y\emqdkwmu t_cm;[kwfyg@k d ;vm;? olhiyJjuD;u t_ynfht0
rwfawmifrvmwmygyJ?
a_ym7r<fqd k7if 'g[m udkr d kufu<f7J haysmhuGufnH huGufwckvd k h
qd k7vdr f hr<f? wvG Jav#mufawG;raejuyge J h ? ud kr d kufu<fwa<muf
Øyef;ao×aewmawmh r[kwfygbl;? olhvD;juD;u t_ywfawmifwJ htcg
rsm;rSmqd k rmvd k h | wef;vd k h? wqkyfwcJeJ htm;aumif;armif;oef t_ywfud k
vd k ;E d li fwJ hvD;juD;? 'gayr<fh wcgwavusawmh vD;u azgufvmwwf
w<f? vD;juD;t_ynfht0awmifraeyJ raysmhwaysmh | rawmif hwawmif
_zpfaeygava7m? 'guvnf; _zpfcJygw<f? wu<fhudk wcgwavusrSmom?
tckrdr dwmeJ hr S wd kufwd kufqd ki fqd ki fqd kovdk vD;u t_ywfrrm
rawmifwJ h ta_ctaers d K ; _zpfae_yD? uHjurRmu udkr d kufu<fud kus Dp<f
vd kufwmvd k h a_ym7rSmyJav? olodyfud koabmuswyfruf_yD; t7rf;
vd k;csifaewJh rdrdwmqdkwJ htys d Kaygufcsmwdwfrav;udk yguifzGif htys d K7nf
zsuf7awmhr<fhtcs de fusrS wd kufwd kufqd ki fqd ki f _y\emay:vmwm?
39
'Dvd k_y\emrsd K; t7ifujuHKzl;cJ hwmajumif h b<fvdka_z@Sif;7r<f
qd kwm udkr d kufu<fodygw<f? a_z@Sif;Ed li fwJ henf;vrf;vnf; @S dygw<f?
'gayr<fh tcs de fawmh<l7w<f? w7ufESpf7ufavmuf pdwfud kat;at;
xm;_yD;tem;<lvd kuf7if vD;uESpfqwdk;_y D;awmh tm;aumif;armif;oef
_zpfvma7m? oH k ;av;em7Davmufawmh vD;raysmhwrf;pdr f _y D; t_ywf
vd k ;aya7mhy J?
wckawmh@ S dwmayg h ? ud kr d kufu<ftaeeJ h tckavmavmq<f
ol ha@S harSmufrSmtqifoif h@ S daewJ h rdr dwmud kawmh b<fvd kr Svd k ;E d li fr Sm
r[kwfbl;? vdk;z d k htcs de f w7ufavmufawmha@$ hz d k hvd kw<f? olu tck
csufcsif;vd k ;csifaewmqdkawmh tawmfud kuoduatmuf_zpfae7w<f?
'gayr<f h b<fwwfE d li fr SmvJ? tckavmavmq<f vD;u
rawmifawmh b<fvd kvkyf_yD;vd k ;E d li fr SmvJ? 'gayr<fh aumifrav;ud k
tyd ki fus H K ;oGif;xm;_yD;_yDqk dawmh _cif;xJujuufvd k _zpfae_yD? aemufaeh
cs de f;vd kuf7ifvnf; aumifrav;vm7rSmyJ? 'Dawmh w7ufaumif;aumif;
tem;<l| tm;arG;? aemufaehvD;awmifvmEd li fawmhrS rdrdwmudk y<fy<f
e<fe<fzd kufypf?
aemufqH k ;awmh 'Dvd ky J ud kr d kufu<fpdwful;qH k ; _zwfvd kuf7yg
40
awmhw<f? odyfawmh tm;r7vSbl;ayghav? udk<fhvD;udk<fyJ rausreyfeJ h
us de fqJ7awmhrSmayg h?
t J- -w7ufqd k p dw frc s7ao;bl ; ? E Sp f7ufc Gm _y D ;c s d e f ;r S ?
'gqd k _y\emr@S dE d li fawmhbl;?
Þ [m- -tckrSowd7w<f? q<fem7Dxd k ;r Sm vlwa<mufeJ h
c s d e f ;xm;w<f? tcs de fr7awm hb l ; ? ' Dawm h ei f obufc greuf
ud k ;em7Dwdwd ig hqDvmcJ h? tJ'DusrS t_ywfzd kufr<f? [kwfvm;- - ß
vD ;t_ynf hrawmi fE d li fawm hvd k h qyfwi H hi H h e J hp dw fy sufoGm ;wJ h
ud kr d ku fu<f[m 'Dae htwGufy G Jo dr f ;yp fvd kufw<f? aumifrav;ud k
ud ki fvm;ES d Kufvm;awmifvky fz d k h rpOf;pm;awmhbl;? ud ki faeES d Kufae7if
wufcscsifp dwf yd k _yif;_yvmr<fav? wufrcsEd li fwJ hta_ctaeqdkawmh
udk<fyJpdwfqif;7rSmr[kwfvm;? t_ywfa@$hqdkif;vdkufwmu taumif;qHk;yJ?
' g a jumi f hu d k r d ku fu<fu a_yma _ymq d kq d ktomxoGm ; _y D ;
cÈwfxm;wJ ht0wftpm;awGud k _yef0wfw<f?
rdr dwmrSmawmh tawmfud ktjuyf@k dufoGm;w<f?
41
tvdk;rcH7awmhwmajumif hawmh r[kwfbl k ;? ud kr d kufu<fqDu
aiGig ;7m 'Dae hr7awmhr Smud ka_ymwm? olrtwGuftJ' Dai Gu odyfud k
ta7;juD;aew<fav? 7udk7rS_zpfrSm? 'gajumif hvnf; olhwudk<fvH k;
A d kv f juufacs ;yxe fu_ym; ud kr d ku fu<fvd k7moH k ;E d li fatmi f Øy H k × _y D ;
tyfcJ hwmayg h?
udkrd kufu<f obufcgrSzd kufrSmqdkawmh aiGig;7m'Daehr7Ed lifawmhyJ
obufcgrS7r<fhudef; qd kufoGm;_yD? rdrdwmtzd k h tcufayg h?
Þ [if- -'kuQygyJ@ Si f? 'DaehyJ vkyfygvm; [if ß
tcufjuHKae_yDqd kawmh rdrdwm r@SufrajumufEl di fawmhbl;av?
vS Jtdyfae7mu tomukef;x_yD; t7JpGe f hvSrf;a_ymvd kufrd@Smw<f?
ud kr d kufu<fuvnf; vlyg;yJ? rdrdwm7J htaetxm;ud k tuJcwf
rdoGm;w<f? oltyd ki f7Ed li fawmhr<f haumifrav;ud k vd kufavsmcsi fwJ h
apwemaumif;av;uvnf; ay:vmw<f?
Þ ei fv d kaewJ hai Gi g ;7mud k tc ky Ji gay;vd ku fy g hr<f? ei fu
42
obufcgreuf udk;em7Dwdwdom ig hqDvmcJ h? [kwfvm; ß
' Dpum;jum;7awmh rdr dwmaysm foGm;w<f? tvH k ; juD;vnf;
usoGm;w<f? vdkcsi fwJ haiG 7awmhrSmud k ;?
Þ pdwfcs- -pdwfcs? uÈefr qufqufvmcJ hr<f? ß
r d r dwmu cy fo Gu fo Gu fy J a _ym _y D ; t dy f ae7muxw<f ?
xrDe J htuF s Dud k aumuf<l0wfqifw<f? twGi f ;c Habmif ;bDuawmh
pkwf_ywfae_yDr d k h <lr0wfawmhbl;?
udkrd kufu<fu rdrdwmudk aiGig;7may;w<f? _yD;awmh aiGig;q<f
vnf; tyd kxyfay;ao;w<f?
Þ ' Dai Gi g ;q<fe J h twGi f ;c Habmi f ;bDtopfwxnf0<foGm;?
eif htwGuf twGif;cHabmif;bDtopfESpfxnfeJ h b7mpD<mtopfwxnf
0<fxm;ay;r<f? obufcgeifvmwJhtcgusrS <layg h- - ß
Þ aus;Zl;ygyJ? OD;rd kufu<fjuD;7<f ß
43
aumifrav;u aus;Zl;wifpum;rsm;awmifa_ymvd kufao;w<f?
wu<fawmhud kr d kufu<fu tjuHe J hy g? olu teufa7mif
rde f;rtwGif;cHawGrSm tawmfav;zDvif@S dw<fav? 'gajumif hr dr dwmudk
b7mpD<mteufeJh twGif;cHyifwDteufawG0<fay;_yD; rsufpdt7omcHjunfh
zDvif<lrvdk hyg? aumifrav;uawmh 'gudkrod@Smbl;? ta[mif;tpkwfawG
0wfae7wJhta_ctaerSm t0wftpm;topfawG7r<fqdkawmh i<f@G<fol
rde f;uav;wa<mufyDyD t7rf;aysm foGm;wmayg h? wu<fh@k d ;@ k d ;om;om;yJ
aus;Z l ;wifoGm;wmayg h?
ud kr d kufu<fay;wJ h aiGig;7mhig;q<f<l_yD; rdrdwm_yefxGufvm
cJ hw<f? udkrd kufu<fu twGif;cHabmifbDtopf0<fzd k h aiGig;q<fay;
vd kufayr<f h (obufcgus7i f topfE Sp fxnf7zd k huaocsmaewmrd k h )
r dr dwmu ta[mif;qd ki fu twGif;cHabmif;bDwywf7pfav;wxnfud kyJ
(20)eJ h0<fvd kufw<f? olrtwGuf aiG(30)yd k7oGm;wmayg h?
udkrd kufu<fqDu aiG7vmwmajumifh rdrdwmwdk h7J havmavmq<f
tcuftcJawGa_yvnfoGm;w<f? cifaracsma7mif ;xm;wJ ht0wftpm;
awGud k _yef0<f_yD; yd ki f@ Si fqD_yefay;Ed li fvd k h cifaracsmvnf;vGwfvmw<f?
tzDiSm;cajuG;usefvnf; tukefqyfEd li fvd k h ESifcscH7r<fhtEW7m<f r@S d
44
awmhbl;? _yD;awmh qefav;qDav;vnf; toif htwif h _ynf hp H koGm;_yD?
'Dvd ka_yvnfoGm;wJhtwGuf obufcgus7if udkrd kufu<fcsdef;xm;
wmqdkawmh rdrdwmoGm;7rSmayg hav? udkr d kufu<fhtvdkus _yKcsif7m_yK
Ed li fz d k h vd kufavsmay;7rSmayg h?
avmujuD;qd kwmuvnf; tqef;om;? xifrSwfxm;wmawG
_zpfrvmyJ b<fvd kr Sar#m fvif hrxm;wmawGuvnf; @kwfw7uf_zpfvm
wwfw<fav?
tJ' Dae hnaerSmy J ud kr d kufu<f hqd ki f0i ft@Smc H7w<f? cd k ;7myg
a@$xnfawGrdwmajumif h ud kr d kufu<ftzrf;cH7w<f? 'gajumif hr dr dwm
taee J h ud kr d kufu<fcs de f ;xm;wmud k oGm;p7mrvd kawmhbl ;? yguif
ryGi f hawmhbl;ayg h?
ud kr d kufu<f tquftoG<faumif;ygw<f? vdkufEd li fygw<f?
'gayr<fh vufyl;vufjuyfrdwmqdkawmh uGif;vH k ;uÈwfawmhrvGwfbl;?
axmifa_cmufvusoGm;w<f?
rdrdwmwdk hrdom;pkta_ctae[mvnf; wrsdK;wzH ka_ymif;vJcJ hw<f?
45
t J ' g u aw m h c i f a r a c s m a e mu f t d r f ax m i f _ y K v d k u f w m y g y J ?
ci f arac s mwa<muf t dr f axmi ftop fx laxmi fz d k hq H k ; _ zw fc J h 7w J h
tajumif;t_zpfawGuawmh- - -?
46
tcef;(2)
udkrd kufu<ftzrf;cH7_yD;aemuf wvtjum| wckaomeHeufcif;wGif
_zpfonf?
cifaracsmonf _rdK hxJoGm;7eftwGuf jum;um;ay:od k hwufvd kuf
onf? um;ay:wGifvl@Sif;aeonf? vl@Sif;aeorS cifaracsmwa<mufwnf;
@S dao;onf? 'guvnf;cifaracsmu <ckxGufrnf hum;ay:od k hrwufyJ
aemufwpD;ausmfum;ay:od k h wufvmaomajumif h _zpfonf? rjumrDyif
onfum;ay:od k hvnf; c7D;onfawG_ynf hvmayvdrf hrnf? xd ki fp7mae7m
aumif;aumif;7vd kaomajumif h onfum;ay:wufum ae7m<lxm;_cif;
_zpfonf? nmbufab;axmif hp Ge f ;ae7mwGifususeexd ki fum ae7m<l
xm;vd kufonf? <lvmaomyvyfpwdwfvufqG J _ci f ;cyfa[mif;a[mif;
udkawmh ab;em;wGiftomcsxm;onf? vlrsm;vmrS xdk_cif;udktomz<fum
aygi fay:wifxm;vd kufrnf?
xdkifckefysOf_ym;ay:odk hxd kiftcswGif 0wfxm;aomxrDu wif;wif;
7if;7if;_zpfaeonf? twGif;cHyifwDcGqHktom;onf cifaracsmtzkwfay:odk h
tustexdrduyfrdonf? tar$;awG7dwfxm;aomtzkwfay:od k h twGif;cH
abmif;bDcGjum;p ususeexduyfyGwfrdaomtcg @Swwzsif;wif;wif;av;
47
_zpfonf?
rdr dapmufywftar$;awG 7dwfxm;7onfht_zpfud k awG;rdaom
cifaracsm>pdwfxJwGif tawmfwrs d K ;juD;_zpfoGm;onf?
@Sufpdwfvdkvd k | 0rf;enf;tm;i<fpdwfvdkvd k | 7ifckefvSKyf@Sm;ovdkvd k
twdtusc G J _cm;p dwf _zmr_yE d li faom pdwftm@k Hwrs d K ;onf cifaracsm
acgif;xJ| ud k<fxJwGif ys H hE S H h _zpfay:Ivmonf?
7ifxJu ylovdkvd k _zpfonf? acÈ;ys Hcsifovdkvd kvnf; @S donfrd k h
ezl;ud k tomvufud ki fy0gESi f h wd k hy Gwfrdonf?
Þ ig 'Dvd krs d K ;vkyfaewmudk orD;av;odoGm;7if- - ß
xdktawG;0ifvmaomtcg cifaracsmwu<fyif 0rf;enf;tm;i<f
rd@ Smonf?
Þ td k- -igu ta7mif;t0<fvkyfwmyJ[m? bm_zpfovJ?
ig hr Sm yd kufqHr@S dbl;? pm;zd k haomufzd k h aiGvd kw<f? igu pdefawGa@$awG
t0wftxnfbmnm qdki fcif;_yD;ra7mif;Ed li fbl;? a7mif;zd k haiG7if;uvnf;
48
b<fr Sm@ S dv d k hv J ? ' Dawm h i gy d k i fw J hyp Pn f ; i gz gomi ga7mi f ;wmy J ?
ud k< f hr S m@ S d aewJ hOp Pmud ky J a7mi f ;wm? 0<fwJ hv luvnf; tJ' gud k
oabmusvd k h jud Kufap s ;ay;0<fw<f? ige J hor D ; pm;z d k h aomufz d k h
aez d k hx d ki fz d k hv d kw J h[mawGud k b<foluvm_y D ; tvum;ay;vd k hv J ?
ai Gay;0<f7wm? 'gawG0<fE d li fatmi fai G7z d k h i guvnf;i g hr Sm@ S dwm
_yefa7mif;wmyJ? ß
cifaracsmonf Todk hawG;um rdrdud k<frdrd_yefItm;ay;onf?
'gayr<fh tm;awmhodyfr@SdvSyg? cifaracsmonf um;abmf'Daemufwef;wGif
cyfavsmhavsmhav;rS Dcsvd kufr donf?
cifaracsmonf aumif;a7mif;aumif;0<fqd konf htvkyfrsm;ud k
wwfEd li for#judK;pm;um vkyfjunfhcJ hygao;onf? 'gayr<fh bmrStqif
ra_y? rwwfomonf htqH k ; TØta7mif ;t0<f×ud kom cifaracsm
rsufpdrS dwfIvkyfcJ h7avonf? tweftoif hvnf; aiGaju;7cJ honf?
Þ 'gud k c^c^oGm;vkyfaevd k hawmh r_zpfbl; awmfjumae
vlodolod_zpfoGm;7if _y\emyJ? orD;av;omod7ifawmh t7rf;ud k
@Suf_yD; aorsm;awmifaooGm;rvm;ra_ymwwfbl;? [kdt7ifwygwfwkH;u
ausmufuke f ;bufu wnf;c d kce f ;ud kwufzr f ;juwm? rde fuav;aw G
49
rdukefjuw<fjum;w<f? igrsm; tJ'Dvd kr doGm;7if ig hrsufESmb<fvd kvkyf
_yEd li fawmhrSmvJ? b0ysuf_yD- - ß
cifaracsmawG;7if; 7ifcke fvmonf?
orD;av;rdrdwm udkr d kufu<fxHrSaiGtacs;tiSm;vkyfaeonfud k
cifaracsmrjudKuf? ud kr d kufu<fb<fvd kvlpm;qd kwm cifaracsmodonf?
rdrdwmud k tjuHtpnfwckcktwGuf aiGxkwfay;aeajumif; 7dyfr donf?
(rdr dwmESif hud kr d kufu<fwd k h b<fvk dta_ctaeqdkufa7mufae_yDud kawmh
ci faracsmaumi f ;aumi f ;rodao;yg? ud kr d ku fu<fc Gi fze faeqJ[kom
xifaeonf?) <ck udkrd kufu<ftzrf;cHae7wm wckawmhcyfaumif;aumif;
[kcifaracsmawG;vd kufonf?
wu<fawmh Ttvkyfud k cifaracsmvH k;0rvkyfvd kyg? rvl;om
rvGef homb0ta_ctaeajumif hom touf@SLayguft_zpf wcgpESpfcgp
vkyfae_cif;_zpfonf?
<ckwcs DwGifawmh uGrf;<mqdki fav;_zpf_zpf| csOfzwfqd ki fav;
_zpf_zpf wckckta_cwusqdki fwnfcif;a7mif;csEd li f7ef vd ktyfaomt7if;
tES D;7atmifpk<lrnf[laom7nf@G<fcsuf_zif h Øvkyfief;cGif×0if7ef xGufvm
50
_ci f ; _zp fonf? onftvky fud k wygwfavmuft_ywfvky fvd kufrnf?
7or#aiGud k wwfEd li for#pkumxm;rnf? _yD;v#if'gud k vH k;0tquf_zwf
vd kufawmhrnf? onfvd kcifaracsmpdwful;xm;onf?
xd ktvkyfwGi f cifaracsmtwGuf tawmfp dwfuoduatmuf
_zp f7r S Ku apmufz kwfr Star $ ;r sm;ud k a_ymi fpi fatmi f7 dwfxm;7_ci f ;
_zpfonf? cifaracsmonf apmufar$;awGud k r7dwfvd kyg? tvkyfr S
w_cm;rde f;uav;tm;vH k; apmufar$;rsm;7dwfum tzkwfuwHk;a_ymifav;
awGESi f hcsnf;_zpf7m cifaracsmtae_zif hxl;I tar$;r7dwfyJaevd k hr_zpf?
<cktvkyf _ye fpvkyf7e fr d k h apmufar$;awGud ka_ymifpifatmif7 dwfy<fypf
cJ h7av7m tzkwfuwHk;a_ymifav;rSm twGif;cHabmif;bDESi f hxdvd kufwd ki f;
@ Sww_zpfv#uf cifaracsmud k rjumrDvkyf7rnf htvkyfE Si f hywfoufI
ES d K ;aqmfay;ovdk_zpfum wenf;enf;pdwfvSKyf@ Sm;ae7onf?
tc kv ky f7onf h Øae7m × _zp faom _ymvJ hv J hr D ;a7mi fav;
cyfrS de frS de fxGef;xm;onfhtcef;av;xJwGif awGhjuHK7rnfhudpPrsm;udkawG;um
7ifzd kaeaponf?
pdwfxJwGif rod k;roef h _zpfaomajumif h tom0ef;usifud kjunfh
r donf? um;rSwfwd ki f@ S duGrf;<mqdki fem;wGif7yfum olrud kp l;p l;p d kufpd kuf
51
junfhaeaom vlwa<mufud k cifaracsmowd_yKrdonf?
Þ [m- -_y\emyJ ß
cifaracsmrSm pdwfxJua7@Gwf7if; acgif;eyef;awGjuD;oGm;onf?
rdr dE Si f h tcef;av;xJwGifqH kum tvkyf_zpfcJ hz l ;olwa<muf_zpfajumif;
cifaracsmcsufcsif;owd7rdonf? qHkc J h7onfuvnf; odyfrjumao;?
_y D ;c J haomESp fygwfavmufu?
xd ko d k hr Sw fr dvd ku faomtcg 7i fawGt7r f ;wke fo Gm ;aom fvnf;
cifaracsmonf rsufpdrsufESmysufroGm;7avatmifawmh âa_ENqnfvdkuf
Ed li fonf? xd kolud kwcsufomjunfh_yD; bmrSowdr_yKrd[ef_zif h rsufvH k ;
tjunfhud k cyfat;at;yifv$ Jvd kufonf?
bmajumif hr Se f ;rod? xd kolESi f htvkyf_zpfc J hjupOfutawGhtjuHK
rsm;onf cifaracsm>pdwftm@k HwGif xifxif@Sm;@Sm;_yefvnf_rifa<mif
c Hpm;7onf?
cifaracsmonf Ttvkyfud k odyfrsm;rsm;pm;pm;rvkyf7ao;yg?
av;ig;judrfr#om vkyfzl;onf? xdkajumif h cifaracsmESif htvkyf_zpfcJ h
52
zl;aoma<musfm;om;awGuvnf; odyfrrsm;vSyg? 'gayr<fh xdkolwa<muf
uawmh tawmfxl;_cm;onf? owd_yKrdp7mvnf;_zpfonf?
yxrtcsufr Sm xd ko lonf ci faracsmE Si f hE Sp f judr fwd ki fw d ki f
tdyfzl;_cif;yif? t_cm;aoma<mufsm;rsm;qd kv#if wjudrfpDom_zpfonf?
' kwd<tjudrf rajumhc J h ? xd kolE Si f hyxrqH k ;tjudrfqH kr donfuawmh
wd kufqd ki fr S Kom_zpfonf? cifaracsmaiGvd kI tvkyfvkyf7eftcef;av;ok d h
o Gm;c d ku f xd koluvnf; aysm fy g ;7e fa7mufvmcd kuf | ci faracsmE Si f h
tajumif;oih foGm;_cif; _zpfonf?
' kw d<tacgufuawmh xd ko lu ci faracsmud koabmusI
oufqd ki f7mtvkyf@Si fxH qufoG<fcs de f ;qd kc J h _cif;_zpfonf? cifaracsm
uvnf; onftvkyfud k yH kr Se fvkyfwmr[kwfonfhtwGuf tvkyf@ Si f
w@ kw f ruvnf ; tw dtusc s d e f ;q d k ay ; z d k hwm0e f r< lE d l i f a jumi f ;
a_ymc J honf[kod7onf? xd kolu cifaracsmtvky fvmvky fv#i fom
olhxHod k hqufoG<ftajumif;jum;zd k h rSmcJ honf[kqd konf?
onfvd kE Si f h _yD;c J haomESpfygwfu cifaracsmaeh0uftvkyfoGm;
v ky faomtcg tvky f@ S i fw@ kw fru xd ko lu d kqufo G< fac:< l _y D ;
cifaracsmESi f hqH kay;cJ havonf?
53
xd ko lE Si f h ci farac smwd k h _ymvJ hv J hr D ;a7mi fav;rvi f ;wvi f ;
xGef;xm;onfhtcef;av;xJwGif 'kwd<tjudrf0ifrdjuonf? xdkolonf
wcgwnf;c Hwifay:rwufao;? cHwifab;jurf; _yi fwGi f rsufE Smcsi f ;
qd ki fxd ki fum pum;awGa_ymaeao;onf? pum;a_ym7if;u olhud k<fol
Øausm fri f ; ×[ k r dw fqufonf? ci farac smuvnf ; r dr dtrnfu d k
Ø _r_r× [kyg;pyfxJawG h7ma_ymcJ honf? xd kola_ymaom Øausmfrif;×qd kaom
trnfuvnf; wu<fhtrnfrSef[kwfcsifrS[kwfayrnf? onfavmuwGif
emrnftppftrSef[kwfr[kwf ta7;rjuD;yg? ac:p7memrnfwck_zpfv#if
awmf_y Dav?
pum;twefa_ym_yD;rS cHwifay:wufjuonf? cHwifay:a7muf
onfESi f h ausm fri f ;ucifaracsmud k tm;7yg;7ayG hzufum erf;onf?
ci faracsm>ES Kwfcr f ;yg ;av;ud k ol hE S Kwfcr f ;xltrf;trf ;juD;E Si f hi H kc Jum
w_y Gwf _y Gwf _rnfatmi f p ky fonf? p ky f@ k Homr[kwf? ci faracsm>
E S Kw fcr f ;om ;r s m ;u d k @ S mE S i f hvn f ;tomx d k ; y Gw f7u faeao;onf ?
cifaracsmu yg;pyfud ktvdkufoif h[ay;vd kuf7m olh@ Smwd k;0ifvmonf?
yg;pyfxJwGif xd k;uvdonf?
cifaracsmuvnf; olrbufrSwm0efaus_yGe fp Gmyif ol>@Smud k
tomr#if;umpkyfay;onf? cifaracsm>vufrsm;uawmh xdkol0wfxm;aom
54
@SyftuFs D>7ifbwfus<foD;rsm;ud k _zKwfaeonf? 'gu cifaracsmwd k hvd k
trs d K ;orD ;r sm; tvky fvky f7mwGi f aqmif@ Guf7aom0wW7m;w7yf[k
qd k7rnf? {nf honfa<muf sm ;r sm ;onf olwd k h>t0wftpm;r sm ;ud k
olwd k hE Si f haysm fyg;rnf hr de f ;uav;u cÈwfay;wmudk tawmfjudKufESp fouf
juonf? onfvdkcÈwfay;zd k hud kvnf; cifaracsmwdk h>tvkyf@Sifw@kwfru
oGefoifay;xm;onf? 'gajumif hoifay;xm;onfhtwdki f; cifaracsmu
vkyfae_cif;_zpfygonf?
us<foD;tm;vH k ; _zKwfay;_yD;cs de fwGi f xd kolu yg;pyfcsi f ;z duyf
pky ferf;aerS Kud k7yfum tomcGmonf? cifaracsmu us<foD;tm;vH k ;
_yKwfaeaom@SyftuFs Dud kz<fcGmum cHwifab;em;@S dc ke fay:wGif aoao
oyfoyfv$m;wifay;xm;vd kufonf?
xdkolonf wufx7ufpfabmif;bD@Snfudk0wfxm;7m cifaracsmu
cg;ywfud kt7ifpI_zKwfonf? _yD;awmh Zpfxdyfr Sus<foD;ud k _zKwfonf?
abmif;bDc Gjum;Zpfud k _zKwfonf? xd kod k hvky fay;aecs de fwGi f abmif;bD
atmufrSvdifwef zkxpfcke f;xaeonfud k xdawGhr donf? cifaracsmonf
xdkol>twGif;cHabmif;bDud kyga7mum abmif;bDt@Snfud kqG JcÈwfcsonf?
_yD;awmh pGyfus<fudkygqufIcÈwfay;vdkuf7m ausmfrif;qdkol{nfhonfonf
cHwifay:wGif ud k<fvH k ;wD;Avmusif;oGm;onf?
55
ieJom;>vdi facsmi f ;juD;uvnf; rwfrwfjuD;awmifaeonf?
vD;u ckE Sp fvufravmuf@SnfI vH k ;ywfig;r l ;om;avmufwkwfonf?
odyfrjuD;aomfvnf; i<fonfvd k hvnf;rqd kE d li f? rSe fwef;t@G<ftpm;
_zp fonf? vD;xdy fr SmtiH k _zp f7m cifaracsmu ta7_ym;ud kqG Jc s _y D ;
'pfaz:ay;vd kufonf?
Þ pkyfay;ygvm; ß
xd kolu a_ymonf?
Þ [m pkyfcsifygbl;- - ß
cifaracsmuacgif;cg<rf;um _iif;vd kufonf?
vD;pkyfay;zd k hud kawmh cifaracsm@G H@ Smonf? b<fwkef;urSvnf;
p ky fray;z l ;c J h ? tvGe fqH k ;vufE Si f hud ki fI yGwfay;@ k H | aqmhay;@ k Hom
vkyfonf?
Þ pkyfyguGm- -rif;ud k w7mqkcsr<f ß
56
Þ [if htif;- -b<favmufay;ay; rpkyfbl; ß
cifaracsmu t_ywf_iif;vd kufonf?
xd ko l ausey fy H kawmhr7? 'gayr<f h ci faracsmwu<fyi f
_iif;y<fajumif;7dyfr donfhtwGuf vD;pkyf7efxyfrwd kufwGef;awmh- -?
Þ 'gqd k7if wH k;vH k ;cÈwf- - ß
ausmfrif;u wrsd K;c d ki f ;apvm_yefonf? 'gud kawmh cifaracsm
r_iif;om? tvkyfoabmt7vnf; cÈwfay;7efwm0ef@S donfr[kwfvm;?
'gajumif hacgi f ;ndwf_yum cHwifatmufod k htomqif;I t0wftpm;
awGud k cÈwfonf? ausmfrif;u cifaracsmt0wfcÈwfaerSKud k aoao
csmcsmyif t7omcHumjunfhaeonf? nuvyfyG Jr S az:cÈwfu_yrSKud k
junfhaeonfhtoGifrs d K ;?
cifaracsmonf ycke f;ay:cs d Ki f ; _ywfaemufausmZpfwyfxm;aom
tom;uyftuFs DESif h cyfjuyfjuyfcyfwd kwd krDe Dpuyfav;udk 0wfxm;onf?
('gawGu cifaracsmyd ki fonfht0wftpm;awGr[kwfyg? tvkyf@Sifw@kwfr
xkwfay;xm;v#uf tvkyfvkyfonfhtcs de fwGifom 0wf7onfht0wfawG
57
_zpfonf? cifaracsmxHwGif onfvd kt0wftpm;rs d K ;vnf;r@S dyg?)
cifaracsmonf vufwbufudkaemufypfum tom;uyftuFs D>
aemufausmZp fud k _z Kwfonf? Zp f _z Kwf7mwGi f wri fyi f ØA sp f ×ue J
toH_rnfatmif _yKonf? ZpfoHjum;7_ci f ; _zi f h ieJom;p dwfy d kvS Ky f@ Sm;
oGm;atmif zefwD;_cif;yif? Zpfud k _zKwf_yD;aemuf tay:yd ki f ;@ S dtuFs Dud k
yc ke f ;om;rsm;ay:r S atmufod k hav#musoGm;atmi f _y Konf? _y D ;awmh
yd kIyd kI atmufod k hqG Jcsonf? tuFs Dav#musoGm;rS KE Si f htwl olrud k<f
tay:yd ki f ;onf 0if;ueJazG;ueJay:vmonf? cifaracsm0wfxm;onfh
b7mp D<muvnf ; taumi f ;pm ;< d k ; '<m;b7mp D<mteufa7mi f ?
('gud kvnf; yd ki f@ Si fu,qifay;xm;wmyg?) rd k hxGm;aom7ifom;qd ki frsm;ud k
7rufaZmjuGzG<f7m_zpfatmif xkyfpnf;yif hwifay;xm;onf? 7ifom;qdkif
ESpfckonf vHk;juGumrdk harmufwufaeonf? w0ufausmfausmfavmufvnf;
tazG;om;ay:aeonf? Ed k hoD;acgif;av;rsm;yif r_yKw_yL?
cifaracsmu tuFs Dud kqG Jcs7if; cg;qDod k hta7mufwGif puyf>
ab;cs dwfud ky g _zKwfonf? _y D ;awmh tuFs DE Si f hpuyfud ktwla7mum
wify g ; juD ;wav#muf atmufod k hq G Jc sum a_c7i f ;wGi fy H ko Gm ;atmi f
cÈwfcsypfvd kufonf?
58
Þ awmuf- -[if;- - ß
ausmfrif;>yg;pyfrS a7@GwfoHay:vmwmudkjum;7awmh cifaracsm
_y H K ;c si fovd kvd k _zp fonf? a<mufsm;awGqd kwm onftwd ki f ;y gy Jav?
r_ri fvd kufe J h ? _ri fvd kufw<fqd k p dwfxvmwmcsnf;y J ? ci faracsm
ud k<fay:wGi f b7mpD<mESi f htwGi f ;c Hyi fwDav;om use fawmhonf?
twGif;cHyifwDuvnf; teufa7mif? _zLazG;aomtom;ESif h tvGefud k
y^mpm;um _rif7olb0ifqlapEd li fatmif zrf;pm;aeonf?
cifaracsmonf b7mpD<mESifhtwGif;cHabmif;bDwdk hudk qufrcÈwfyJ
c Hwifay:od k h tomyifwufvmonf? _yD;awmh ausmfrif;ab;em;wGif
tomEG J hE G J hav;xd ki fonf?
ausmfrif;u cifaracsmudkod kif;zufonf? odkif;zufaomvufonf
b7mpD<maemufausmcs dwfud k usifvnfpGmyif_zKwfypfvd kufonf?
Þ td k;- -junfhygvm;vd k h cpfcpfcpf ß
cifaracsmu 7<foHvGifvGifav;_zif h cyf!k!ka_ymvdkufcs defrSmyif
ausmfrif;onf cs dwf_yKwfoGm;_yD_zpfaomb7mpD<mudk qGJz<fcGmypfvd kuf
59
onf? txif;om;ay:vmaomEdk htH kjuD;ESpfvHk;udk pl k;pd kufumjunfhaeonf?
_ymvJhvJ hrD;a7mifav;atmufwGif juD;rm;aom7ifom;juD;rsm;>tvSonf
xifom_ri fomaeonf? Ed k ho D ;r sm;uawmh e D!d ka7mi f? Ed k ho D ;awGu
@Snfonf? aumhIaxmifwufaejuonf? ausmfrif;u cifaracsmud k
ar G h7may:wGi fyufvufuav;_zp fatmi f wGe f ;vS Jyp fonf? _y D ;awmh
Ed k htH kjuD;ESpfckud k vufESpfbuf_zif hpH kud ki fonf? tomt<mqkyfe<fonf?
azG;tkaom7ifom;qdkiftom;rsm;onf ausmfrif;>vufacsmif;rsm;tjum;rS
wpfIyi fxGufaejuonf? ausm fri f ;onf acgi f ;ud ktomud ki f ;c sum
nmbufEd k htH kjuD;udk @SmESif hwysyfysyf7ufonf? cifaracsmjuufoD;awGyif
xoGm;onf? Ed k hoD; yd kaumhaxmifwufvmonf[k xif7onf?
ausmfrif;>@Smu Ed k hoD;qDod k h wppeD;uyfvmonf? cifaracsm>
touf@SLododomom_yif;_yvmonf? tvkyfoabmt7 vkyfaqmif_cif;
r[ kw f ? wu<fud kp dw fv S Ky f@ S m ;I touf@ S L _yi f ;vmr S K _zp fonf ?
ausmfrif;u Ed k hoD;av;ud k@ Sm_zif hwcsufysyfueJ7ufvd kuf7m cifaracsm
qwfueJyifwkefonf? xd kaemufausmfrif;onf cifaracsm>b<fbuf
Ed k hoD;acgif;ud k yg;pyfESi f hi H kum cyfjurf;jurf;pd k hay;avawmhonf?
cifaracsmrSm 7ifawGyd kc ke fvmonf? olronf aoG;om;ql_zd K;
wwfay7m ausmfrif;>tpd k htudki fuvnf; xdrdvSay7m pdwfawGEd k ;juGp
60
_yKvmav_yD?
Þ tm;- -[if h[if h- -ud kud k7<f- -td k td k- -pd k hyg- -
[if;[if;- -uÈefrEd k hoD;ud k cyfjurf;jurf;pd k hay;prf;yg? aumif;vd kufwm
tudk7<f- -odyfaumif;wmyJ? tudku Ed k hp d k hwm odyfyD_yifwmyJaemf
[if h[if h[if h- - ß
cifaracsm>ESKwfzsm;rSvnf; wkefwcd kufcd kufESi f h a_ymaeonf?
tvkyfoabmt7a_ymqd kr S Ka7m| olrud k<fwd ki fp dwfEd k ;juGyGi f htHvmrSKa7m
a'G;a7m<Sufwif_zpfaeonf?
ausmfrif;u nmbufEd k htH kod k ha_ymif;_yefonf? b<fbufEd k htH k
enf;wl Ed k htH kom;ud k@ SmESi f h7uf_yD;r S Ed k hoD;acgif;ud ktyDpd k honf?
ausmfrif;u nmbufEd k hoD;ud ktm;7yg;7pd k h7if;u cifaracsm>
twGif;cHabmif;bDud k qG JcÈwfypfonf? cifaracsmuvnf; ulnDqG Jcs
ay;7m twGif;cHabmif;bDuÈwfoGm;onf?
xd ktcgausmfrif;u aygifjum;ud kE S d Kufonf? cifaracsmuvnf;
aygifwefjuD;ESp fc kud k um;Ed li for#um;ay;onf? aygifum;It_yL;om;
61
ay:vmaomapmufzkwfjuD;ud k ausmfrif;u vuf0g;ESi f htkyfumyGwfonf?
tuG Jajumi f ;ud k vufcv<f_zi f hy Gw fqG Jonf? tzkwfu,azgi f ;um
t7n fr s m ; p d k @ $ J a eon f ? ci f arac s m>um ;t d aomzi fq H k ju D ;on f
wjuGjuGaumhwufvS Ky f@ Sm ;vmonf? ausm fri f ;onf ci faracsm>
apmufacgif;aygufxJod k h vufcv<fxdk;oGif;onf? xdkaemuf vuf!Sd K;ud k
xyfxnfhonf? vufESpfacsmif;yl;_zif h apmufzkwfud kt_ywfxd k;uvdonf?
apmufaphud kawmh vufrESif hz dIzdIyGwfay;onf?
ausmfrif;u wu<fhvlyif? cifaracsmud kp dwftxjuD;xatmif
ususeeES d K ;qGaeonf? 7rufxef_yif;vG<faom @Srf;w@kwfrcifaracsm
rSmvnf; ausmfrif;>jurf;wrf;aomfvnf; ynmom;ygaomtESd K;tqGwGif
7rufaZmtxjuD;xvmavawmhonf? aumhysHwGef hvdefv#uf w[if;[if;
_zpfvmonf?
Þ udki f;- -vdk;awmhr<f ß
p dw fxjuGatmi f ususeevky fay ; _y D ;aemuf ausm fri f ;u
a_ymonf?
Þ tif;- -vkyfav? uÈefr b<fvd krs d K ;aeay;7rvJ- - ß
62
pdwfuvnf; xae| wm0efuvnf;@ S donfr d k h ci faracsmu
ar;vd kufonf?
Þ zifcscsifw<fuGm- -ukef;ay;rvm; ß
ausm fri f ;u a_ymvm7m| cifaracsm rsufvH k ; _yL;oGm;onf?
cifaracsm ziftvdk;rcHzl;ao;yg?
Þ [m- -tud kuvJ? aygufayguf@ Sm@ Sm? b<f hE S<f- -
zifjuD;ud k vkyfrvd k hvm;- - ß
Þ at;av- -zifcHr<f r[kwfvm; ß
Þ [if htif ;- -[if htif ;- -rcHz l ;? a@S haygufud ky J vky f?
uJ- -vm wufav- - ß
cifaracsmu t_ywf_iif;um yufvuftdyfae7mrS 'l;axmifum
aygifum;ay;vd kufavonf? t_ywfr_iif;7if ausmfrif;tvum;quf7pf
aerSmpd k ;7onf r[kwfygvm;?
63
Þ a@S haygufud kawmh yH kp Hrs d K ;p H ke J hvkyfr<faemf? [kwfvm; ß
Þ 7w<f? judKufwJ hy H kp Ha_ym- - ß
Þ 'gqd k rif;tay:uae wufjudwfay;- - ß
ausmfrif;u xdkod k ha_ym_yD; arG h7may:yufvuftdyfcsvd kufonf?
olhvD;juD;u rd k;ay:axmifum rwfrwfjuD;wef;aeonf? cifaracsmvnf;
' l ;axmifaygi fum;ay;ae7mrS tomuke f ;xv#uf| ausm fri f ;tay:od k h
wufcGonf? aqmif hajumif hruswus wufcGxd ki faeonfrd k h aygif7if;r S
tzkwfjuD;onf tpGr f ;uke f _y Jtmaeonf? tzkwfxJr St7nftcs d K hyi f
t_yifod k hp D ;xGufum ausmfrif;qD;pyfay: wpufESpfpufusonf?
cifaracsmonf ausmfrif;>rwfawmifaeaomvD;acsmif;juD;ud k
nmvufESif htomqkyfud ki fqG J<lum tzkwf0wGifawhuyfonf? _yD;awmh
tomyif wifyg;juD;ud katmufod k hz dcsonf? ausmfrif;>vD;u omref
t@G<ftpm;_zpfv#uf apmufacgif;xJwGifvnf; t7nfjunfrsm;pd k@ $ Jae
aomajumif h odyftcuftcJr@S dvSyJ vD;acsmif;juD;tzkwfxJod k h av#mueJ
wd k ;0ifonf? cifaracsmu txm_yonfhtae_zif h tzkwftwGif;om;
rsm;E Si f h 0ifaeaomvD;acsmif;juD;ud k!Sp f<lqG Jvd kuf7m atmufbuf@S d
64
ausmfrif; xd k;xd k ;xGef hxGef h _zpfoGm;onf?
vD;ud k tzkwfxJtqHk;0ifatmifoGif;<l_yD;aemuf cifaracsmonf
zifqH kjuD;ud k a0hum0d kufumvSKyf@Sm;I tay:rSaeI ususeezdjudwfum
vdk;ay;onf? ausmfrif;u cifaracsm>Ed k htH kjuD;rsm;ud k vSrf;qkyfud ki f
qG Jonf? xd kaemuf bmra_ymnmra_ymESi f h cifaracsmud kqwfueJ
qG Jc svd kuf7m cifaracsmr Sm ausm fri f ;ud k<fay:od k h arSmuf7ufom;
vJusoGm;onf? rd k hxGm;aomEd k htH kjuD;ESp fvH k ;onf ausmfrif;7ifbwfESi f h
tdtdjuD;xdrdonf? ausmfrif;u cifaracsm>ausm_yifud k odkif;zufonf?
yg;pyfcsi f ; zduyfonf? @Smcsi f ; xd k ;uvdonf? cifaracsmuvnf;
tvdkufodpGmyif @Smud k _yefupm;ay;onf? cg;tm;ud koH k ;um zifqH kjuD;ud k
juGvd kufedrf hvd kuf wqwfqwfvSKyfIvSKyf@Sm;ay;onf? vD;weft7if;yd ki f;
wvu f r | E S p fvu f r avmu fom _ y e fx Gu fw d k ; 0 i fv S K y f @ S m ;v #u f
qD;pyfcsif;vnf; xdrdyGwfrdae7m ESpfa<mufvHk; t7omawGhaejuonf?
Þ tm;yg;- -aumif;vd kufwmuGm- - rif;z djudwfay;wm
odyfud kaumif;wmyJ? vkyf- -vkyf- -vSKyfprf;- -qHkjuD;ud k vSKyfprf;?
tm;yg;yg;- -vD;ud k tDpdrf haeygvm; ß
ausmfrif;onf yg;pyfrSa7@Gwfa_ym7if; cifaracsmudk wif;juyfpGm
65
zufonf? ausm_yifud kod ki f ;zufxm;7mrS zifqH kjuD;ud kvnf; vSrf;I
ud ki fy Gwfao;onf?
onfvd ktay:ujudwfay;wmud kc H7wm zDvifwufaomfvnf;
y H kp Hwrs d K ;a _ymi f ;vd k ;c si faomajumi f h c^tjumwGi f ci faracsmud k
7yfc d ki f ;onf?
Þ awmf_yD? yH kp Hwrs d K ; a_ymif;vd k ;r<f? rif;u av;bufaxmuf
ukef;ay;- - ß
cifaracsmonf ausmfrif;>tay:rS tomz<fqif;vd kufonf?
tz kwfxJr Sv D ;ac smi f ; juD ; uÈwfxGuf7m| Ø _y Gw f ×qd ktoH _rnfonf?
vD ;juD ;wGi f ci faracsm>apmufz kwfxJr SxGufaom apmuf7nfawG
ayusHum vufa_ymif@ $ Jp d kaeonf? cifaracsmrSm @Sr f ;w@kwfr_zpf7m
apmuf7nf@$r f;onf? txGufrsm;onf?
cifaracsmonf cHwifay:wGifav;bufaxmufum ukef;ay;onf?
ausm f ri f ;u ci f arac s m>wi f ju D ; aemu fw Gi f 0i f ae7m< lonf ?
zifom;juD;ESpfc kud k cyfwif;wif;qG J _z Jvd kuf7m cifaracsm cg;av;wGef h
oGm;onf?
66
Þ [dwf tudk- -bmvdk h zif_zJwmvJ- - ß
ci farac smu av;bufu ke f ;xm;7mr S aemu fi J h junf hum
ar;onf?
Þ zi faygufav;ud k junf hwmyguG? ri f ;zi fav;u pl _y D ;
aewmyJ? ß
ausm fri f ;ua_ym7if ; zifud ky d k _z Jonf? ptd konfyif [_yJ _y J
_zpfonf?
Þ a[huGm- -vkyf7ifvkyf? nmwmygaw;eJ h zifxJud kawmh
xd k ;rxnfhe J haemf- - ß
cifaracsmu owday;onf?
Þ rxd k;ygbl;uGm? zif0ud k junfh@ k Hjunfhwmyg- - ß
x d k o d k h a _ y m _ y D ; a e mu f _ y L ;x Gu f a e ao mtz kw f 0w G i f
vD;ud kawhaxmufonf? cifaracsmuvnf; tvdkufodpGmyif cg;av;ud k
67
EG J humaumhwifv#uf aygifud kcyfum;um;vkyfay;vd kufonf?
ausm fri f ;u tomtm;p d ku fIz dxd k ;v d ku f7m vD ;ac smi f ; juD ;
apmufacgif;aygufxJod k h wtdtdwd k;0ifonf? apmufywfxJvD;xd k;oGif;7if;
wifyg;_crf;juD;ESpfc kud kvnf; vufESpfbuf_zif hqkyfud ki fum zifaygufud k
tyD_zJxm;avao;onf? cifaracsmtzd k h zif_yJaev#ufu apmufzkwfxJ
vD;xd k ;oGi f ;c H7onfhoabmrs d K ; _zpfonf?
Þ tm;- -uÈwfuÈwf tudk7<f- -[if h- - ß
ci farac sm cy f! k!knf ;o Hav;vky fay;vd ku f7m (' guawmh
tvkyfoabmt7 a_ymvd kuf_cif;oufoufyg) ausmfrif;rSm tawmfud k
tjudKufawG hoGm;avonf? xd kajumif h tqH k ;0ifae_yD ; _zpfaomvD;ud k
wtm;yifaqmif hI vdk;ygavawmhonf?
68
um;ay:od k h vlwa<mufvSrf;wufvmaomajumif h cifaracsm
tawG;pawG _ywfoGm;onf? tomrsufvH k;0if hjunfhvd kuf7m um;ay:
wufvmolr Sm ud k<fawmfacsm Ø au s m f r i f ; × _zp fae7m 7if' dwfueJyi f
cke fonf?
xd kolu cifaracsmab;em;wGi f 0i fxd ki frnf _yKonf? _y D ;r S
qG J _cif;csxm;onfud k _rifv#uf rxd ki fawmh? od k haomf rsufESmcsif;qd ki f
_zp faomwbufc ke fwe f ;wGi foGm;xd ki f7m ci faracsmtzd k h tawmfud k
tae7cufoGm;onf?
ieJom;onf cifaracsmudkrodromtuJcwfovdk junfhIaeonf?
<ckum;ay:wGi fxd ki faeaomcifaracsmonf xrDtuF s DwygwfE Gr f ;r sm;
0wfv#uf (olrudk<fyd kift0wftpm;awGyg?) qGJ_cif;ta[mif;udkudkifxm;7m
ausmfrif;>pdwfxJ Za0Z0g_zpfIaeyH k7onf?
Þ waehawmh 'Dvd krs d K ;yufyif;7ifqd kwd k;rdwmrs d K; _zpfvmEd li fw<f?
tc kavmavmq<fr Smawm h oli g hu d k aoaocsmc smr Sw fr dy H kr7bl ; ?
[kwfw<f? b<fvdkvkyfrSwfrdEd lifrSmvJ? oleJ hawGhwkef;u igu tom;uyf
tuFs DawG| rDe DpuyfawGeJ h cyfa[mha[mh0wf_yD; rdwfuyfawGES Kwfcrf;e D
awGuvnf; t_ywf@S d Ki f ;xm;wm? aemuf_yD; igwd k hvkyfjuwJhtcef;xJrSm
69
rD ;a7mi fuvnf; vif;vif ;xif ;xif ;r[kwfbl;? ol igr Se f ;rodygbl;
av- - ß
cifaracsm>pdwfxJwGif awG;awmaerdonf? pdwfawGvSKyf@ Sm;
aeonfhwd ki f âa_ENrysuf7avatmifawmh xdef;xm;Ed li fonf? rsufESmud k
[efrysuf cyfat;at;trlt7mvkyfaeonf?
xd kolE Si f hr dr d t0wfrygAvmud k<fvH k ;wD; _zi f h cHwifxufwGi f
tdy fc J h ju7rS Kr sm; | r dr dE d k h juD ;awGud k xd kolud ki fwG<fqky fe<fc J hy H kr sm; |
zifjuD;awGudkifyGwfcJ hyH k | rdrdud k taetxm;yH kpHrs d K;pH k _zif h 0uf0ufuGJatmif
y<fy<fe<fe<fvd k;c J hy H krsm;uawmh b<fvd kr Sarhaysmufxm;Ir_zpf?
c^jumawmh xdkvlra<mifrvnfESif h um;ay:rS_yefqif;oGm;
onf? xdktcgrS cifaracsm7ifxJrStvHk;juD;usonf? rjumrD um;vl_ynfh
um armif;xGufavawmhonf?
ci faracsmvnf ; p dw fud k<wd _ywfqH k ; _zwfvd ku fr davonf?
onfwa<mufu onfwacgufaoaocsmcsmrr Swfr dy J@ S dc J haomfvnf;
aemufwcgqd k aumif;aumif;rSwfrdolESi f h7ifqd ki frwd k ;[k rnfoltmrcH
Edlifrnfenf;? xdkodk hom_zpfv#ifawmh tm;vHk;tcuf? aiGt7vG<faomfvnf;
70
Ttvkyfud krvkyfawmh7ef cifaracsmqH k;_zwfonf? 'gayr<fh rdrdESi f h
or D ;av;wd k hE Sp fa<mufvnf; b0a@ S hvr f ;ajumi f ;ud k onftwk di f ;
qufav#mufoGm;vd k huawmh r_zpf?
tu< fI oi f h aw m fo l | tm ;u d k ; E d l i f rn f h o l aw G hv # i f
aemuftdrfaxmif_yK7efyif cifaracsmqH k;_zwfcsufcsrdonf?
xd kae hu cifaracsmonf tcef ;av;@ S d7mod k h roGm;awmhy J
um;ywfpD;um tdrfod k hom_yefvmcJ honf?
aemufq<f7ufcef htjumwGif cifaracsmonf udkoef;[efESi f h
xdr f ; _rm;vufxyfvd kufavawmhonf?
ud koef;[efonf cifaracsmxuftoufoH k ;E Sp fausm fjuD;onf?
<ck toufoH k;q<fcef h@ S d _y D? t7yfig;ayq<fvufrcef h _rif h _y D; ud k<fvH k;
u d k< fay gufuvnf; juH hc d k i foe frmonf? @ ky fuvnf; ody frqd k ; ?
tac sm ju D ;r[ kw fonf hw d k i f tenf ;i< f junf h ay s m f @ S K ay s m f @ S don f ?
tnmom;qdkawmh tom;rnf;onf? rnf;orS oydwfa7mifxaeatmifyif
rnf;onf? ukvm;uyif @S H K ;avmufonf? qHyifawGa_zmif hwef;aeI
awm f awm hon f ? q Hyi f r s m ;om v dr f aumu faumu f _ zp f aev #i f
71
olhud k uy`vDwa<muf[kyif xifrdjuayvdrf hrnf?
ud koef;[efonf rlvu tvkyfjurf;orm;wa<muf_zpfonf?
qd kufum;eif; | uke fxrf; | a_rwl;a_raygufpo_zif h tvkyfjurf;rs d K ;p H k
vkyfud ki fc J h7bl;onf? xd kajumif h p@k dufjurf;onf?
w7m;0ifZeD;r<m;r<lzl;aomajumif h vlys d Kod k ;juD;[kowfrSwf
7rnf_zpfaomfvnf; b0pHkolyDyD taysmfusL;cJhonfhtawGhtjuHKawGuawmh
renf;awmhyg?
ud koe f ;[e fonf ci faracsmE Si f h rsufE Smp dr f ;awmhr[kwfy g?
w7yfwnf;om;awG? a_ym7rnfqd kv#if cifaracsmud krsufaphusaewm
jum_yD? od k haomf olud k<fwd ki fu w0rf;wcg;ud kyif renf;juD;@Smpm;
ae7aomtvkyfjurf;orm;wa<mufrd k h cifaracsmud k rcsO f ;uyf7 Jc J h ?
ta0;rSomjudwfI judKufae7avonf? _yD;awmh cifaracsmuvnf;
aemuftdr faxmif _y K7e f p dwful ;r@ S dc J haomajumif h olwd k hE Sp fa<muf
eD;pyfp7mtajumif;r@S dc J hay?
a[m- -tckawmh ta_ctaeu wu<fhud kodomxl;_cm;pGm
zefwD;a_ymif;vJcJ honf?
72
r dr dE Si f hor D ;r dr dwmwd k h E Sp f a<muf b0vH k _c H Kta_cc d k i f ap7e f
aemu ft dr f axmi f _y K7e f ci farac smp dw fu l ;ay gu fonf htc s d e f r S myi f
ud koef;[efuvnf; odef;xDaygufcJ honf? aygufwmrS ig;odef;qkjuD;?
_y D;awmh tpkpyfvnf;r[kwf? olwa<mufwnf;xd k ;aomvufrSwfu
aygufwm?
cifaracsmwd k haexd ki f7m qif;7Jom;7yfuGufrSmawmh ig;odef;qk
aygufaomud koe f ;[efonf olaX;av;wa<muf ae hc si f ;ncsi f ;yi f
_zp foGm;c J honf? 7yfuGufxJwGi fvnf; wu<fhvlarm fb0a7mufvm
cJ honf?
xDig;odef;qkxkwf_yD;onfaehrSmyif udkoef;[efonf cifaracsmudk
vufxyf<lrnf[kpum;qdkvm7m aemuftdrfaxmif_yKv#ifaumif;avrnf
vm;[kp dwful;@ S daeaomcifaracsmuvnf; r_iif ;y J oabmwlvufcH
vd kufonf?
ud koef;[efonf tjuHawmhjuD;onf? cifaracsmud kvufxyf
<lc J h7mwGi f ol hr Smwcsufc kwfE Sp fcsuf_ywfqd kovd kyi f tjuHjuD;wck
@S daeonf?
73
olonf rlvuyif cifaracsmud koabmusae7m aiGaju;wvHk;
wc Jwnf ;7v#u f b0ta_cc d k i f aomtc g t7<lc J h _ ci f ; _ zp fonf ?
'gu tajumif;wck?
aemuftajumi f ;wc kuawm h ci farac smE Si f htwly gvmrnf h
ratwlor D ; r dr dwmud ky g qufvufodr f ;y d ku f7<lvd konf hp dw ful ;
tjuHtpnfuvnf; @S donf?
tarud k t7ifqH k ;vufxyf<lrnf? aumif ;aumi f ;vd k ;rnf?
_yD;awmh r<m;ygorD;av;ud k qufvufodrf;yd kufrnf? tarESif horD;
r<m;E Sp fa<mufxm;um avmupnf ;p dr faumi f ;aumi f ;c Hpm ;rn f ?
rata7morD;a7m wtdyf7mwnf;wGif _yd Ki fwlwvSnf hp Dvd k ;cef;z Gi f hrnf?
onfvd k ud koef;[efu juHxm;cJ honf?
rdrdwmonf rdcifcifaracsmvd kyif _zL_zLacsmacsm| awmif hawmif h
a_zmif ha_zmif h _zpf7m tarudkoabmusolud koef;[eftae_zif h orD;ud kyg
"gwfqufum wyfrufvd kcsifonfrSm rqef;vSyg?
rat| _yD;awmh orD;ud kodrf;yd kufr<m;_yKa7;onf udkoef;[ef>
umrAsL[mr[mpDrHudef;juD;_zpfonf? <ck xdkpDrHudef;yxrtqifht_zpf
74
cifaracsmud k vufxyf<lEd li fc J h _y D? ZeD;acsm| r<m;ygorD;acsmwd k hE Si f h
twlaexd ki fz d k htdrfud kvnf; 0<f_yD;_yD?
xDig;ode f ;aygufrS tvSrf;r D7m0<f7_cif;r d k h tdrfjuD;7cd ki fawmh
r[ kw fy g ? o lw d k h aex d k i f7m7y fu Gu fE S i f h te D ;tem ;7y fu Gu fwc kr S
oH k ;yi fE S fpcef ; | "edr d k ;0g ;x7Hum wJtdr fwvH k ;om_zpfonf? 'gawmif
aiGESpfodef;ay;7onf? _cH0if;uav;oD;oD;oefhoefhESif hrd k h wJtdrfqdkaomfvnf;
odyfrqdk;vSyg? cifaracsmwdk h<cifiSm;aecJ h7onfh tzDav;ESif hpmv#ifawmh
ewfbH kewfeef;[kyif qd k7rnf?
tar_y D ;awm h or D ;u d ky gt7c s d K i f7e f tjuH ju D ; ju Hxm;o l
udkoef;[efonf tdyf7mcef;em;udkawmh twwfEdlifqHk;cef;em;aumif;rGefatmif
vkyfonf? ESpfa<muftdyfcHwifyxrwef;pm;| zJarG h7mtaumif;pm;awG
0<fum tdyfcef;ud kususeevkyfonf? ol>cHwifarG h7mwd k honf wJtdrf
av;E Si f hrvd kufzufatmi fyi f om;em;xnf0gaeonf? tdy fce f ;xJr Sm
a7cJaowWmtao;pm;av;yif xnfhxm;vd kufao;onf? tJ'gawGtwGuf
aiGwodef;ausmfausmfavmuf tukefcHvd kuf7onf?
usefaiGrsm;_zif h 7yfuGufaps;xJwGif qdki fcef;wckiSm;um qdki fz Gi f h
z d k hp DpOfonf? qdki fud kawmh cifaracsmESif hvufxyf_yD; wvcef htjumrS
75
zGif hz d k h _zpfonf? wvwmavmufawmh olt7<lEd li fc J haom awmif hawmif h
a _zmi f ha _zmi f hZe D ;acsmjuD ;ud k aumi f ;aumi f ; juD ;p dwfvGwfud k<fvGwf
vd k ;ypfzd k h ud koef;[efpDr Hxm;onf?
xDig;odef;aygufcJ hr S Kud k xda7mufpGmtoHk;csum avmupnf;pdr f
ususeecHpm;7atmifpDpOfwwfolud koef;[efud k cs D ;r Gr f;7avrvm;rod?
76
udkoef;[efESi f hcifaracsmwd k h r~FvmOD;n?
xd kae hreufwGi f olwd k hE Sp fa<mufw7m;@ k H ;r Sm vufr Swfxd k ;
vufxyfonf? aehvnfyd ki f ;wGifawmh rlvaexd ki f7m7yfuGufrSvlrsm;ud k
r ke f ;[if ;c g ;auÈ;onf? _y D ;awmh 0<fxm;aomtdr fod k ha _ymi f ;vmum
tdrfe D;yg;csif;rsm;ESi f h t7yfvljuD;rsm;ud k vbuf7nfwd kufonf?
naeusawmh udpPtm;vH k ; _y D;oGm;_yD?
ud koef;[efonf ZeD;acsmESif hr<m;ygorD;acsmwd k hud k twlac:um
7yfuGufaps;@S dw@kwfacgufqG Jqd ki fwGif npmud k ususeeoGm;pm;onf?
naps;wef;ud k av#mufonf? ZeD;E Si f hr<m;ygorD;wd k hud k ypPnf;tcs d K h
0<fay;onf? xdkaemuf tdrf_yefvmjuonf?
tdrfod k h @Spfem7Dausmfausmfavmufa7mufonf? {nfhcef;xJwGif
oHk;a<mufom;xdkifum pum;p_rnfa_ymqdkjuv#uf nudk;em7Dausmfausmf
avmufwGifawmh udkoef;[efucifaracsmud k tdyfcef;xJac:oGif;_cif;_zif h
pum;0d ki f;ud k 7yfwef hvd kufavonf? rdrdwmvnf; olrtwGuf7xm;aom
tdyfcef;av;xJod k h 0ifoGm;cJ havonf?
77
rdrdud kvd k;csifvSaomajumif h udkoef;[efu <ckvdktdyf7mapmapm
0if_cif; _zpfajumif; cifaracsm7dy fr donf? _yD;awmh tdyf7mcef;em;ud k
taumi f ;pm ;yp Pn f ;r sm ;E Si f h ai Gu ke fc Hum_yi fqi f _ci f ;onf r dr dE Si f h
aumif;aumif;pyf<Sufpnf;pdr fc H7ef_zpfonfud kvnf; em;vnfonf?
cifaracsmonf rdrdESi f horD;av;rdrdwmwd k h> b0ta_cvH k _c H Ka7;
twGuf ud koef;[efESi f h tdrfaxmifopfxlcJ h _cif;_zpfonf? olrpdwfxJ
wGifawmh ud koef;[efud k ESp fE Sp fumumodyfrcspfvSyg? trSe ftwd ki f ;
a_ym7v#if ud koef;[ef>p@k dufjurf;rS Krsm;ud k pufqkyf@G H@ Smovdkvd kyif
@ S daecJ honf?
odk h7mwGif zd krobm0 "gwfoabmt7awmh cifaracsm>pdwfawG
vS Ky f@ Sm;um 7rufaZmEd k ; juGaeonfuawmh trSe fyi f? ci faracsm
rkqd k ;r_zpfc J hwm ckESp fE Sp fausmfausmf@ S d _y D? @Si f ;@ Si f ;a_ym7v#if vD;ESi f h
a0;uGmaecJ hwm ckESpfESp f@ S d _y D? onfjum;xJ tcef;av;xJwGif tvkyf
oGm;vkyfaomtcg tvkyfoabmt7 a<mufsm;rsm;E Si f hpyf<Sufc J h7rS K
uvnf; ci faracsm>p dwfud k _i dr frusy J y d kE d k ;atmi fqGay;ovd kr s d K ;
_zpfaecJ h _yefonf?
bmyJa_yma_ym cifaracsmonf olr>umrpdwfqENud kawmh
78
twif;yi fc s Ky fwnf;xde f ;xm;E d li fc J honf? ci faracsm<cifaec J h7onf h
7yfuGufuvnf; qif;7Jom;7yfuGufyDyD tdrfawGu vHkvH k _c H K _c H Kr@S dvS?
oD;oD;oef hoef hvnf; r[kwf? tdrfawG_yGwfodyfum wtdrfESi f hwtdrf
olr sm;vifr<m;awG umrpy f<Sufjuwma7m| tjuHtze fvky fum
u_rif;juwma7m r_rifcsiftqHk; | rjum;csiftqHk;? onft_riftjum;
wd k honf cifaracsm>atmif htnf;cs Ky fwnf;xm;7aom umrpdwfud k
taiG hr_ywfatmifyif zefwD;aeonf? waiG haiG hav; avmif_rd Kufaeap
cJ honf?
ESpfE Sp fumumcspfwm rcspfwmtyxm;? w7m;0ifxdrf;_rm;_yD;I
vif7<fr<m;7<f_zpfvm_yDrd k h onfaehnrSmawmh ud koef;[efvd k ;wmud k
cifaracsmcH7ayawmhrnf? b<fvdkrsm;vd k;rSmvJ? xrDud kqG JvSef@k HvSefum
wufvdk;rSmvm;? 'grSr[kwf rdrdwudk<fvHk;a_ymif@Sif;aeatmif udk<fvHk;wD;
cÈwfapv#uf vdk;enf;tqef;rsm;ESi f h 7uf7ufa7ma7mvd k;r Smvm;?
cifaracsmrSm awG;7if;uyif 7ifwkefIvmonf? ukdoef;[efonf
tvkyfjurf;rs d K ;p H kud kvkyf_yD; awawayayaevmcJ hol_zpf7m umrrSKudpP
r sm;wGi f twwfqef ;awGvky fwwfz d k hr sm ;onf[kvnf; awG;r donf?
cifaracsmtaeESif huawmh (umrpdwfxef_yif;onfrSe faomfvnf;) @k d ;@ k d ;
wef;wef;om pyf<Sufcsifygonf? tqef;odyfrxGifvd kyg?
79
aoG;om;ql_zdK;um 7rufqENxef_yif;onfh touf(27)ESpft@G<f
rde f;rwa<muf_zpfayr<fh omreftm;_zif hqd kv#if cifaracsmrSm t@Suf
tajumufjuD;onf? od kod kody fody faewwfonf? xd k h _yi f r dr dwGi f
tys d Kayguft@G<forD;wa<mufvnf;@S dae_yef7m yaxG;ESi f hr<m;ygorD;
wd k htjum; rvd kvm;tyftaomt@SKyftaxG;awG ay:rvmap7ef rdrd
tae_zi f h umrrS K _y K7mwGi f twwfE d li fqH k ;qif _ci foif honf[kvnf;
cifaracsmpOf;pm;rdonf?
<ck r~FvmOD;nwGifyif udkoef;[efu rdrdudktwwftqef;awGESifh
vkyfvmv#if rvdkufavsmyJ twwfEd li fqH k ;âa_EN77om umrpyf<SufrS K
_yKrnf[kvnf; pdwful;xm;onf?
od k haomf- - ?
olr>7rufp dwfrsm;onf bmajumif hr Se f ;rod? tdy fce f ;xJod k h
v Sr f ; 0i fvmonfE S i f h yi f x l ;x l ; _ cm ; _cm ; ju D ;E d k ; jum ;p _y Kaeav7m
cifaracsmrSm rdrdud k<frdr dyif rausreyf_zpfae7avonf?
bmr#rvkyf7ao;yJESi f h vufawGhumrpyf<Suf_cif;vnf; r_yK7
ao;yJESif h 7rufpdwfawGEd k;juGxef_yif;aerSKud kvnf; vHk;0b0ifrusEd lifay?
80
xdkajumif h pdwfud ktwwfEd li fqH k ;cs d K ;E S dr fxm;onf?
umr7rufpdwfqd konfuvnf; wrs d K ;? cs d K ;E S dr fxm;v#if yd kI
Ed k ;juGwwfonf? tdyfcef;xJa7mufI zJarG h7mjuD;E Si f h cef;cef;em;em;
_yifqifxm;aom ESpfa<muftdyfcHwifjuD; (ESpfa<muftdyfqd kaomfvnf;
oH k;av;a<muftdyfIyif7Ed li fatmif juD;onf? tjuHorm;ud koef;[efu
r<m;ygorD;ud kyg wifaqmfEd li f7ef aoaocsmcsmvkyfxm;onf?) ud k
_ri f7awm h xde f ;o dr f ;c s d K ;E S dr fxm;onf h jum;uyi f p dwfvS Ky f@ Sm ;um
7ifw'de f;' de f ;c ke fvmonf?
ud koef;[efuawmh cifaracsmwa<muf 7rufaZmawGxefum
odp dwfaysmufv#uf t@Sufuke fonftxd wqif h _y D ;wqif hE S d K ;qG _y D ;
umrpyf<SufrSKenf;vrf;rs d K;pH k_zif h cifaracsm>wudk<fvHk; ae7mvyfrusef
ususeetoHk;cspnf;pdr fc H7ef aoaocsmcsmud kp DpOftuGufcsxm;onf?
xd kajumif h tdy fce f ;xJod k ha7mufonfESi f h yxrvkyfie f ;pO fud k
pavawmhonf?
'kwd,yd kif;ar#mfyg?
81
Þ tar_yD;awmh orD;(2) ß
Þ tif;- -naepm| pm;aumif;aumif;eJ h t_ywfwG<fypfvdkufwm
A d ku fav;_y D ; tawmft DwDwD _zp faew<fuGm? 7i fac smi fo Gm ;atmi f
tat;aomufvk duftkef;r<f? acsmacsma7m aomufr<fr[kwfvm; ß
tdyfcef;xJod h ka7mufaomtcg yxrqHk;tpDtpOfud ktpys d K ;Ed li f7ef
ud koef;[efu a_ymvd kufavonf?
Þ tif;- -aumif;om;yJ? aomufr<fav ß
cifaracsmr Sm w@kwf[if;vsmrsm; _zi f h ususeepm;aomufc J h
aom fvnf; A d kufav;ae_ci f ;r s d K ;awmhr@ S d ? od k haom f tdy fce f ;xJwGi f
@S daeaom a7cJaowWmav;xJrStat;bl;udk rdef;ryDyD <laomufjunfhcsif
vd kaompdwf@ S daomajumif h tvG<fyifacgi f ;ndwfoabmwlvd kufonf?
rdrdvd kcsifaomtuGufxJodk h cifaracsma@Sma@Sm@SL@SLwdk;0ifvmonfhtwGuf
ud koef;[ef tawmfoabmusoGm;onf? tu<fIcifaracsmu tat;
aomuf7efoabmrwl[k_iif;v#ifvnf; ud koef;[efu wenf;enf;ESi f h
cifaracsmud k tat;aomufvd kpdwfay:vmatmif qGJaqmifodrf;oGif;rnf
82
trSe f _zpfonf? <ckr~FvmOD;nwGif rdr dvky fvd kor#ud k pdwfwd ki f ;us
vkyfE d li fa7;twGuf <cktat;bl;wd kufauÈ;_cif ;r Sm txl;vd ktyfcsuf
_zpfonf?
ud koef;[efonf tdyfcef;axmif hem;wGif vSyaooyfpGmae7mcs
xm;aom a7cJaowWmav;ud kz Gi f hI uÈJ@k di f ;tcs d K7nfESpfbl;ud k aocsmpGm
a@G;cs<fxkwf<lonf? Tbl;ESpfbl;onf omreftcsdK7nfbl;rsm; r[kwfju
yg? pdwf@$ifvef;ayg hyg;um 7rufqENud kvnf; tvG<fwulEd k ;juGxef_yif;
Ed li faponfh pdwfjuGaq;rsm;_zif ha7maESmazsmfpyfxm;aom Ø7rufjuGaq;
tcs d K7nf×_zpfonf? v#d K h0 SufpGmxkwfvkyf_yD; vufodyfxd k ;wdwfwdwf0<f
<lrSomv#if 7Ed lifonf? onfvkdrs d K;bufwGif [dkpyfpyfonfpyfpyf@S daom
udkoef;[ef>tquftoG<fwa<mufu wul;wu@SmazG0<f<lay;xm;
_cif;_zpfonf? aps;uvnf; rao;? wbl;ud k ig;7mausmfay;7onf?
yH kt_yifyef;toGifoémefu trsm;oligaomufoH k ;aejuonfh uÈJ@ k di f ;
tcs d K7nfbl;twdki f;yif _zpfonf?
Þ a7mh- -at;at;av; aomufvd kuftkef; ß
ud koef;[efu Ø7rufjuGaq;tcs d K7nfbl; ×ud k cifaracsmtm;
urf;ay;vd kufonf? xd kaemuf olud k<fwd ki faomuf7eftwGuf omref
83
@k d ;@ k d ;uÈ J@ k di f ;tcs d K7nfbl;ud k xkwf<lonf? _yD;awmh wrifyif Øzsyf×ueJ
toH_rnfatmifqG Jz Gi f h _y D; w~Gyf~Gy faomufcsonf? xd ktcgcifaracsm
rSmvnf; aomufvd kp dwf_zpfay:vmum udkoef;[efenf;wlyif olr>
bl;ud kazgufI armhaomufcsvd kufonf?
udkoef;[eftwGuf y^mrtqifh tdkau_zpfoGm;_yD? 7rufjuGaq;
tcs d K7nfbl;onf rjumrD tpGrf;_yawmhrnf? t_cm;aomES d K ;qGrS Krsm;ESi f h
odkif;0d kif;vdkufv#if cifaracsmwa<muf t@Sufukefatmifyif 7rufaZmawG
t7rf;xef_yif;vmv#uf ̂ SmtjuD;tus<fxefvmawmhrnfrSm aocsmonf?
Þ a[m'DvufzG J hu tqef;uG? r~FvmOD;n tdyfcef;xJwGifr S
owdk horD;ud k zGi f hazgufjunfhc d ki f ;yg? vdk h pmwrf;a7;xm;w<f- - ß
tcs d K7nfrsm;aomufju_yD;aemuf udkoef;[efu vSyaooyfpGm
xkyfxm;aom vufzG J hypPnf;xkyfwckud k <l_y_yD;a_ymonf?
cifaracsmwd k h>r~Fvmaqmifod k h vmjuolrsm;rSm olvd kud k<fvd k
qif;7JEGrf;yg;olrsm;csnf;_zpfju7m vufzG J hypPnf;odyfrsm;rsm;pm;pm; r7ay?
7onfhvufzG J hypPnf;tenf;i<fwd k hr Smvnf; taygpm;awGom_zpfjuum
aoaooyfoyfvSvSyyy xkyfy d k ;rxm;? <ckud koef;[efxkwf_yaom
84
vufz G J hyp Pnf ;xky fuawmh aooyfp Gmxkwfv#uf z Jjud K ;awGbmawG
tustecsnfxm;7m (rdef;rwdk hobm0twdkif;) cifaracsmrSm xdktxkyfud k
_rifonfESi f hyif zGi f hjunfhcsi fvd konfhp dwfawG <m;usdus d _zpfvmonf?
onfjum;xJ ud koef;[efa_ymaomt!$ef;pum;ud kygjum;7awmh yd kI
pdwf0ifpm;vmonf?
Þ tHr<f- -bmrsm;rd k hvJ? b<folu vufzG J hwmvJ[if ß
cifaracsmu pdwf0ifwpm;yifar;rdonf?
Þ us Ky f7 J htay gi f ;toi f ;aw Gp k _y D ; vufz G J hv d ku fwmy gu Gm ?
uJ- -a7mh acsmacsmud k<fwd ki f zGif hjunfhayawmh ß
ud koe f ;[e fu a_yma_ymqd kqd k vufz G J hyp Pnf ;xky fud k<lum
cHwifay:od k hwufoGm;onf? cifaracsmvnf; tvdkvd kyifvd kufygoGm;rd7m
ESpfa<muf cHwifay:od k htwlwla7mufoGm;juonf? cHwifay:a7mufrS
ud koef;[efu cifaracsmvufod k h ypPnf;xkyftyfonf?
xd kaemuf tomyif arG h7mjuD;ay: yufvufvSeftdyfcsvd kuf
avonf?
85
Þ tudk htaygif;toif;awGu bmrsm;aygufayguf@Sm@Sm vufzG J h
vd kufovJ rodbl;- - ß
txJwGif bmygavrnfenf;[k tvGefodvd kaomcifaracsmonf
yg;pyfua_ym7if; vufuvnf;txkyfud ka_zzGif honf? vSyaompuULESif h
z JjudK;rsm; rysufpD;7avatmifawmh ~@kpd kufIzGif havonf?
txkyfyGi f hoGm;aomtcg av;axmif huwfxlbl;wckay:vmonf?
uyfxlbl;uvnf; vSyaompuULrsm;ESi f h _yKvkyfxm;onf? cifaracsmu
cyfoGufoGufyif uwfxlbl;ud kz Gi f hvd kuf7m- - ?
Þ [m- -"gwfy H kt<fvfbrfy gvm;? awmfawm fjuD ;w<f?
vSuvnf;t7rf;vS cpfcpfcpf ß
puULbl;xJrS "gwfyH kt<fvfbrfwckxGufvmonf? tjuD;pm;awmh
r[kwfyg? od k haomf yd k hpu'ft@G<ftpm;"gwfyH kE Sp fy H k txufatmufxnfh
xm;Ed lifonfh tvwfpm;om_zpfonf? ydk hpu'f"gwfyH kwyHkpDomxnfhEd lifonfh
t<fvfbrfti<fpm;rsm;om_rifzl;aom cifaracsmtzd k hawmh TESpfyH kqef h
t<fv fbr fu tawm f ju D ;onf[ kxi fr donf ? aomufxm;aom
7rufjuGaq;tcsdK7nfu tpGrf;_yp_yKae_yDrd k h cifaracsmrSm pdwftawmfav;
86
ayg hyg;@$i f _rL;aeonf? xdkajumif h "gwfyH kt<fvbrftvwfpm; vSvSyy
oef hoef hav;ud kyif 7aomtcg| wcpfcpf7<foH_yKvd kufavao;onf?
cifaracsmonf "gwfyH kt<fvbrfud kvnf; tvdktav#mufyif
z Gi f hIjunfhr davonf?
Þ tJawmh- - ß
cifaracsm>yg;pyfr S a<mif<rf;a7@GwfoHav;ay:xGufonf?
t<fvfbrftvGwfr[kwf? t<fvfbrfxJwGif "gwfyH krsm;xnfhxm;onf?
"gwfyH kr S @k d ;@ k d ;wef;wef;yH kawGr[kwf? t_ym"gwfyH kawG?
cifaracsmjunfhvd kufrdaom t<fvfbrfpmrsufESm>wbufwGif
ygaomyd k hpu'fqd kuf"gwfyH kE Sp fy H kteuf tay:bufyH kr Sm rdef;rwa<muf>
apmufzkwfud k a<mufsm;wa<mufuukef;I @Sm_zif h7ufay;aeyH k _zpfonf?
rde f;ru i<fi<facsmacsmuav;? w@kwfr 'grSr[kwf ~syefr_zpfyH k
7onf? a<mufsm;uawmh tom;rnf;rnf;| qHyifvdrfaumufaumufESif h
uy`vDjuD ;? aumifrav;a7m| uy`vDjuD ;y g t0wftpm;awGr@ S d ?
0wfvpfpvpfud k<fvH k ;wD;E Si f h ?
87
aumifrav;onf arG h7may:wGifyufvufvSeftdyfum aygifum;
xm;v#uf uy`vDjuD;u aumifrav;>aygifESp fc kjum;wGif 0rf;vsm;
ar Smufum apmufywfud k ol h@ Sm juD ; _zi f hu ke f ;7ufae_ci f ; _zp fonf?
yH kxJwGif aumifrav;>wudk<fvH k;t_ynfhygv#uf uy`vDjuD;uawmh
ud k<ftxufyd ki f;avmufom ygonf? apmufywfud k ususeevuf_zif h
_z Jum @SmjuD;ud ktqH k ;qef hxkwfI7ufay;ae_cif ; _zpf7m tzkwfE Si f h@ Sm
xdawGhaeyH konf xif@Sm;ay:vGifaeonf? a7mifpH k"gwfyH k _zpfaomajumif h
vnf; yd ktoufyg_rL;juGaeonf?
atmufbufy H kuawmh apmufywfud k@ SmE Si f hx d k ;7ufaer S Ktm;
te D ;uyf@ k du f _yxm;_ci f ; _zp fonf? txl;yi f xif@ Sm ; _ywfom;onf?
apmufar$;rsm;>taetxm;| apmufywfwGift7nfrsm;pd kaeyH k | apmufaph
axmi fwufaey H k | 7u faeaom@ S monf apmu fac gi f ;x Jo d k h 0i fum
@Smtv<favmufu apmufaphud kxdaeyH k | atmufbufrSp lwlwlptd k0
av;ud kygrusef _rifawG hae7onf?
xd k"gwfyH krsm;ud kjunfh7if; cifaracsmrSm 7ifawGw'def;' de f ;c ke fvm
onf? rsufESm xltrf;trf;_zpfonf?
tqd k ;q H k ;uawm h olr>aygi fc G jum;r Sapmufz kw f _zp fonf?
88
tz kw fonf c su fc si f ; yi ft7n fp d kum r d k h r d k h ju D ; az gi f ;Ivmonf ?
apmufaphuvnf; aig hueJaxmifjuGwufonf? 0wfxm;aomyifwD
twGif;cHabmif;bD> cGqHktom;onf rd k hazgif;juGwufvmaomapmufzkwf
juD;E Si f h wif;juyfp Gmyif csy fcsy f7yf7yfxduyfr donf? 7dwfxm;7mrS
_ye fvnfay gu fvmump apmufar $ ;r@ Sn f hw@ Sn fi kw fw d k av;r sm ;u
rd k hazgi f;wufaeaom tzkwfES Kwfcrf;om;rsm;ud k @Swwpl;wl;wl;_zpfae
aponf?
cifaracsm>Ed k hoD;acgif;ESp fc kuvnf; cÈefaumhaxmifwufaeju
_yef_y D? cyfwif;wif;p D ;aESmi fxm;aom Ektdaomb7mpD<m>7ifbH kud k
E d k hoD;acgif;ESp fc ku aoaocsmcsmud k xdrdaejuonf? cifaracsmtae_zif h
tzkwfE Si f hE d k hoD ;wd k hud k rxdwxd| yGwfay;wmcHae7ovd krs d K ; _zp fonf?
aomufxm;aom 7rufjuGaq;tcs d K7nf>tpGrf;_yvmrSKESi f h a7m<Suf
aygif;pnf;aomtcg cifaracsm>pdwfrSm ^Smxef_yD; _rL;juG@$i fvef;
vmonf? @Sufajumufpdwfwd k huawmh ododomomjuD;ud k <kwfavsmh
oGm;onf?
xd k h _yif rdr d>vifawmfarmifom tem;wGif@ S daev#uf rdrdwd k h
vifr<m;>tdyfcef;xJrSm vGwfvGwfvyfvyf@S daeonf[laomta_ctae
uvnf; cifaracsmud k yd kIoGufvuf7Jwif;aponf? @Suf@G H hr S Kenf;ap
89
onf? Todk haomta_ctaersm;ajumif h c i f a r a c s m > 7 m ~ r D ; on f
wppt@ S d e f _ yi f ; p G m avmi f _ r d Ku fvmonf ? yi fu d k< fA D Zuvnf ;
7m~juG<faomcifaracsmrSm pdwftx_refovdk pdwfEd k ;juGrdv#ifvnf;
tawmfud kt@S de f _yif;wwfayonf? onfjum;xJ 7rufjuGaq;tcs d K7nf
uvnf;aomufxm;awmh a_ymzG<f7mr@S dawmh_yD?
cifaracsmonf usefpmrsufESmay:rS "gwfyH kE Sp fy H kud k qufI
junfhr d _yefonf? xd ky H krsm;uawmh vD;pkyfay;aejuonfhyH kawG_zpfonf?
o@kyfaqmifawGuawmh apmapmuaumifrav;ESif h uy`vDjuD;wd k hyif?
tay:bufyH kwGif uy`vDjuD;ucHwifay:wGifxd ki faeum aumifrav;u
uy`vDjuD;ab;em;wGif uyfxd ki fae7mrS | vD;ud kuke f ;Iyg;pyfE Si f hp ky fay;
aeyHk_zpfonf? uy`vDjuD;>wudk<fvHk;ESif h aumifrav;>udk<ftxufydkif;
y H kxJwGi fygonf?
uy`vDjuD;>vufwbufu aumifrav;>Edk htH kwckudk tkyfud kif
um cyfwif;wif;!Spfxm;onf? w@kwfr 'grSr[kwf ~syefr_zpfyH k7aom
aumifrav;>Edk htH konf _zLazG;tkaeonf? tkyfudkifxm;aomuy`vDjuD;>
vufacsmif;awGuawmh rnf;rnf;eufeufawG? junfh7wmyif tonf;
<m;p7m?
90
aumifrav;pky fay;ae7onf hvD;acsmi f ;juD;uvnf; rnf;rnf;
wkwfwkwfjuD;? tawmfud k juD;onf? xGm;onf?
atmufbufr Sy H kuawmh vD;p ky faeyH kud k uGufuGufuGi f ;uGi f ;
ay:atmi f te D ;uy f@ k du f _yxm;onf? rnf ;eufaomvD ;we f ju D ;>
vH k ;ywfwGi f 7p fywfaeaomtajumjuD;r sm _y d Ki f ; _y d Ki f ;xaey H kwd k hu d ky g
tyDud k _rif7onf? aumifrav;u 'pftzsm;yd ki f ;ud kom ESKwfcrf;z l;z l;
av;rsm;ESi f hi H kum pkyfay;aeonf? tm;7yg;7pkyfaeonfhtwGuf yg;av;
ESpfbufcs d Ki f h0ifv#uf El;nH haomESKwfcrf;yg;av;rsm;u vD;'pfw0d kufwGif
wif;wif;uyfuyfzdrdxdrdaeonfudk aumif;pGm_rifEd lifonf? aumifrav;>
vufwbufu vD ;we ft7i f ; y d k i f ;u d k tomq ky fu d k i fxm ;on f ?
usefvufwbufuawmh a~G;tkESpfc kteuf wckud kud ki fay;xm;onf?
qky fud ki fxm;aomaumifrav;>vufacsmi f ;rsm;onf vD;wef
w0ufud kyi f rud ki fr dy g? xd kod k h ud ki fxdxm;aomvufacsmi f ;r sm;>
taetxm;t7junf hrn fqd kv #i f uy `v D ju D ;>vD ;ac smi f ; ju D ;onf
q<fhwvufr tomav;@S dv#uf vHk;ywfuvnf; usyfvH k;ausmfausmfyif
wkwfcd ki fayrnf[k cifaracsmpdwfxJY cef hr Se f ;r donf?
xd kod k h"gwfyH kxJrS uy`vDjuD;>vD;acsmif;juD; twkwft@Snfud k
91
cef hr Se f ;junf hr dr S Konf cifaracsm>w7dyf7 dy fE d k ;juGaeaom7rufpdwfud k
y d kItx_refvmaponf? 7m~juG<fv#uf| umrpyf<Sufr S KwGi fvnf;
tawGhtjuHKtawmf@S dum vD;acsmif;av;ig;acsmif;avmuf_zif hxd k ;oGif;wm
c Hz l ; _y D ;aomr de f ;rwa<muf _zp fonf htwd ki f ; ci faracsm>7rufqEN
aoG;om;rsm;onf vD;juD;juD;| xGm;xGm;wkwfwkwf@Snf@Snfud k vd kvm;
wrf;wonfhta_ctaers d K ;vnf; @S dae_yefonf?
a _ym7rn fq d kv #i f ci f arac s mtae _zi f h t_ym" gw fy H kx Jr S
uy `v D ju D ;>vD ;ac smi f ; ju D ;avmuf @ Sn fvsm ;w kw fc d k i foe frmaom
vD;rs d K ;ud k r_rifzl;ao;yg? onfavmuf@Snfvsm;juD;rm;aomvD;juD;ESi f h
vd k ;v#if b<fvd kaernfenf;[kvnf; pyfpyfpkp kawG;awmjunfhrdonf?
xd kpyfpkp dwfajumif h w@kwfravm| ~syefravm rod7aom i<fi<fEkEk
ta@S hwd ki f ;olaumifrav;ESi f h uy`vDjuD;wd k hvd k ;juonfhy H kawGygvmav
rnfvm;[k odvdkpdwf_yif;_yvm7m "gwfyH kt<fvfbrf>aemufwrsufESmudk
vSe fIjunfhvd kufrd _yefavonf?
cHwifay:wGifyufvufvSeftdyfum r<m;_zpfol>ta_ctaeudk
ro dromtuJcw f junf h aeaom ud koe f ;[e fon f ci f arac s mu
t<fvfbrfud k xyfr HIvSe f junf honfud kawG h7aomtcg ausey fp Gm
_y H K ;v d ku favonf? ci faracsm>rsufE SmwGi f aoG ;a7mi fv#r f ;v#uf
92
rsufvH k ;rsm;ta7mifyd kawmufvmonfud kyg owd_yKrdaomtcg ieJom;
yd kI oabmusonf?
Þ aumifr ^Smpxefae_yD? tydkifyJ- -tydkifyJ? c^av;awmh
tomapmif haetkef;r S? ß
udkoef;[ef>pdwfxJrS judwfumusHK;0g;onf? ol>iyJjuD;uvnf;
rwfawmifp_yKvd k haeyg_yD? ud koef;[efonf wrifyif atmufcHabmif;bD
rygyJESi f h ucsifykqd k ;wxyfwnf;ud kom 0wfxm;onf? ykqd k;atmufrS
vD;wefjuD; xd k;xd k ;axmifaxmif_zpfaeonfud k aoaocsmcsmjunfhv#if
rodrom_rifEd li fonf? rjumrD TvD;tpGrf;ud k aumif;aumif;_y7ay
awmhrnf? c^awmh onf;cHapmifhtkef;? onf;cHapmifhtkef;? tcsdefwefawmh
t_ywfzd kufypfayg h- - ?
7rufaZmxef_yif;p_yKaeaom cifaracsm>pdwftm@k Hud k t_ywf
v$rf;rd k;xm;onf? tem;wGif rdrd>topfpufpufvifawmfarmif @S daeonf
qd k _cif;ud kyif acwWr#arhavsmhaev#uf t<fvfbrfxJrSt_ym"gwfyH krsm;
ud kom 7rufc d k ;r sm ;wvufvufawmufyaeaom rsufvH k ;r sm ; _zi f h
tm;7yg;7juD;yif junfh@S Kaerdavonf?
93
xyfrHvSe fvd kufonf hpmrsufESm> 0Jbuftxufyd ki f ;r S "gwfyH k
E Sp fy H kr Sm aumifrav;ESif huy`vDjuD;wd k h wa<mufaygifjum;wa<muf
rsufESmtyfum zif_yefacgif;_yeftaetxm;_zifh wa<muf>vdift~Fgrsm;udk
wa<mufu pkyfay;| 7ufay;aeonfhyH krsm;_zpfonf?
tay:bufy H kw Gi f uy`vDjuD ;u tay:r S ? aumi frav;u
atmufrS? aumifrav;>apmufywfudk S uy`vDjuD;u olh@SmeDeD7J7JjuD;ESif h
tyDxd k ;7ufaeovdk aumifrav;uvnf; uy`vDjuD;>juD;rm;wkwfcd ki f
vSaomvD;acsmi f ;juDud k olr>zl;@ GaomES Kwfcr f ;yg ;av;rsm; _zi f h i H kc J
p ky fay;aeonf? uy`vDjuD;onf vD;juD;ovdk | @Smvnf; tawmf hud k
@ Snfonf? @G H@ Sm_cif;vH k ;0r@S d? apmufywfwGif @Smud kt_ym;vd kufuyfum
ususee7ufay;aeonf? uy`vDjuD;>vufwbufu apmufzkwfESKwfcrf;
om;w_crf;ud k qG J_z Jxm;avao;onf?
uy`vDjuD;>vD;wkwfwkwfjuD;wGif aumifrav;>wHawG;awGvm;
'gr Sr[kwf t_cm;t7nfwckc k okwfvdrf ;xm;ovm;awmhra_ymwwf?
t7nfawGpd kum vufa_ymifIaeonf? aumifrav;u pkyf<lxm;onfrSm
vD;wefjuD;w0ufausmfausmfyif yg;pyfxJod k h0ifaeonf? aumifrav;>
yg;pyf tpGrf;ukef[xm;7rSmyJ[k cifaracsmawG;rdonf?
94
ci faracsm vD ;rp ky fz l ;y g ? vD ;p ky fay; _ci f ;onf tawmfud k
<kwfrmnpfnrf;aomtvkyf_zpfonf[kvnf; <lqxm;onf? od k haomf
t_ym" gw fy H kx Jr S aumi frav;vD ;p ky fay;aeonf ht_zp fu d k junf h7i f ;
cifaracsm>pdwfawG tawmfud kvSKyf@Sm;7onf? udk<fwd ki fvD;pkyfvd konfh
tmoDor@S donf hwd ki f olrsm;vD;p ky fwmud k junf hI pdwfxJwrs d K ; juD;
_zpfvmonf? "gwfyH kxJrSaumifrav;uawmh vD;pkyf7wmudk tawmfud k
tm;7pdwfygaeyH k7onf? 'gayr<fh 'g[m ydkufqH7vdk htd kufwifvkyf_yD;
_yaewmyg? 'Daumifrav;vnf; vD;pkyf7wm zDvifvmrSmr[kwfygbl;
[kawmh cifaracsmawG;rdonf?
atmufbufyH kuvnf; wa<mufw_yef vD;pkyf | tzkwf7ufay;
aeonf hy H kyi f? uy`vDjuD;u atmufbufa7mufI aumifrav;u
tay:bufa7mufoGm;onfom uGm_cm;onf?
pmrsufE Sm>vuf<mbufy d ki f ;u yH kr sm ;uawmh tay:y H ku
vD;p ky fay;aerS Kud k teD;uyf@ k duf_yum atmufyH kuawmh apmufywf
7ufay;aerSKud k teD;uyf@k duf_yxm;onf? vD;pky fay;aeyH kteD;uyfwGif
aumifrav;u uy`vDjuD;>zifaygufud k vufoef;av;_zif hxd k ;uvday;
aerSKyg0ifovdk apmufzkwf7ufay;aeyH kteD;uyfwGifawmh uy`vDjuD;u
aumifrav;>ptdkxJod k h vufrjuD;xd k;oGif;xm;avonf? 'gudkjunfh7if;
95
cifaracsmrSm zif0wGif <m;ovdkvd kyif_zpfvmonf?
cifaracsm aemufwrsufE SmvSe fvd kufonf? aumifrav;ESi f h
uy`vDjuD;wdk h vdk;aejuyHkrsm;udkawGh7avawmhonf? _zLazG;tkaeavaom
apmufywfav;xJod k h juD;rm;wkwfcd ki fvSaomvD;acsmif;rnf;rnf;eufeuf
juD;xd k;oGif;xm;yH krsm;u yH kwd kif;wGif xif@Sm;yD_yifaeonf? yH kav;ESpfyH ku
aumi frav;ud k yufvufwufc Gv d k ;aey H kr sm ; _zp f _y D ; E Sp fy H kuawm h
av;bufuke f ;ay;xm;aom aumi frav;ud k aemufr Sc Gvd k ;aey H kawG
_zp fonf? uifr7m@ S Kaxmi f hr sm ;rwlovd k vD ;0i faer S Kvr f ;ajumi f ;
taetxm;wd k hvnf ; uG J _ym ;onf? ci farac smr Sm vd k ; _yjuonf h
"gwfyH krsm;ud k_rif7aomtcg pdwfyd kxvmonf? tzkwfu yd kpd konfomru
<m;Ivnf;vm7m| tvdkvd kyif b<fvuf_zif haygif7if;ud k ud ki fy Gwfrd
onf? tzkwfud kES d Kuf_cif;awmhr[kwf? qD;pyfyd ki f;ud kom tomyGwfvd kuf
_cif;_zpfonf?
ud koef;[ef tHhjoovdk_zpfonf? cifaracsmrSm rdrdxifxm;onf
xufyif 7rufxef^SmtjuG_refajumif;ud kvnf; em;vnfvd kufonf?
xd kajumif h- - ?
96
Þ bmyH kawG 'DavmufjunfhaewmvJ acsmacsm7J h- - ß
udkoef;[efu yg;pyfrSa_ym7if; cifaracsm>nmbufaygiftv<f
avmufud k tomvSr f ;ud ki fvd kufonf? 7rufaZmawG tawmfjuD ;
xef_yif;E d k ;juGaeavaomcifaracsmrSm @kwfw7uf Øzd k ×"gwfESi f hxdawG h
c H7rS Kajumif h juufoD;awGzsef;ueJxonf? olr>aoG;om;wd k huawmh
xd kxdawG hr S Kud k t_ywfyifjudKqd kaejuonf? yd kIxdawG hvmapvd konfh
aZmawGuvnf; t7rf;ud k _yif;_yvmonf?
Þ [D[d- -[dk'if;vkyfaejuwJhyH kawG xnfhay;xm;w<fav?
cpfcpfcpf? tudk htaygif;toif;awGu awmfawmfaemufjuwmyJud k ; ß
7ru fxe fov d k p dw fuvnf ; _ r L ; ju G aeaomci f arac s mu
7<f7<farmarmESif h cyf@$i f@ $i fav;_yefa_ymvd kufonf?
Þ _yprf;ygtkef;? usKyfvnf; junfh7atmif- - ß
Þ [m- -tudkuvJ ß
Þ vifr<m;_zpfvd k h vd k;awmifvd k ;juawmhr<fh[m? 'Dvd ky H krs d K ;
97
twljunfhz d k h @SufraeygeJ hawmhacsmacsm7? vmprf;yg- - ß
p dwfxaeaomci faracsmr Sm E Sp fc gra_ym7? ESp fc g rac:7?
ud koef;[efESif hvifr<m;ESpfa<muftwlwl t_ym"gwfyH krsm;ud k junfhju
avonf?
Þ ol h[mjuD;u t7rf ;juD ;wmyJaem f ? tJ' DavmufjuD;wm
@S dvdrf hr<fvd k hawmif rxifrdbl;? ß
t_ym"gwfyH krsm;xJrS Zmwfvd kufuy`vDjuD;> juD;rm;wkwfcd ki f
vSaomvD;acsmif;juD;ud k pdwf0ifpm;aeaomcifaracsmu a_ymvdkufav
onf?
ud koef;[efESi f h vifESi f hr<m;_zpfaeonfht_yif t_ym"gwfyH krsm;
ud kvnf; ESpfa<muftwljunfhaejuonfhta_ctaeod k hyif a7mufae
onfr d k h 7ruf ju G^Smxe fum p dw fvnf ;@ $i f aeaomci farac smr S m
@Suf@G H hraeawmhyJ a_ym7Jqdk7J@S dvmonf? 'gu udkoef;[efjudKwif_yifqifrSK
tae_zif h wd kufxm;aom7rufjuGaq;tcs d K7nf> tpGrf;_yaerSKuvnf;
yg0ifaeygonf?
98
Þ [m- -@S dwmayg hacsmacsm7? usKy fvD;qd k7i f 'Diwdxuf
rom7ifom ae7r<f? avsmhawmh ravsmhbl; ß
ud koef;[efua_yma_ymqd kqd k yufvuftdyfae7mrS aygi fjuD;
E Sp fc kud k cyfum;um;vky fI cg;ud krodromaumhvd kufonf? xd ktcg
rwfawmifaeavaom ol>iyJacsmif;juD;onf ykqd k;ud kwkwfaxmufum
xdk;wifovdkrs d K ; xd k;xd k ;axmifaxmifjuD;_zpfaeaponf?
cifaracsm>rsufvHk;tjunfhonfvnf; udkoef;[ef>aygifcGjum;
qDodk h tvdktav#mufyifa7mufonf? ykqdk;xdk;xdk;axmifaxmif_zpfaeonf
ud kawG h7awmh juufoD;av;rsm;yif zsef;ueJxonf? vD;u juD;awmh
tawmfjuD ;onf? y kqd k ;atmufwGi f@ S daeaomajumi f h b<favmuf
juD;onfud kawmh rcef hr Se f ;E d li f?
Þ u d k i f jun f h y gv m ; a c s m a c s m 7 ? u s K y f i y Juvn f ;
tJ'D hiwdavmufud k juD;ygw<f- - ß
udkoef;[efua_ym7if; cifaracsm>wifyg;udk tomqkyfudkifonf?
y Gwfay;onf?
99
Þ [m- -udki fcsifygbl;- - ß
yg;pyfuom a_ymaeonf? vufurl vSr f ;csi fcsi f _zp fae_y D?
rsufvH k ;awGuawmh vD;rSrcGmEd li f? pl;pl;p d kufpd kufjuD;yif junfhaeonf?
Þ ol hOp Pmu [d kuy`vDjuD;ud krr D7ifawmif awmfawmfawmh
juD;rSmyJ- - ß
cifaracsm>pdwfxJrSvnf; awG;awmrdonf? umrpyf<SufrS K
tawGhtjuHK@S dc J haomrde f;rrd k h ykqd k ;atmufrSvD; tawmfjuD;rSmud kawmh
odaeygonf?
Þ vD;ud ki fjunfhwmrsm; acsmacsm7<f? bmajumufp7m@S dvJ?
ud k<f ha<mufsm;vD;yJ OpPm? vm- -udki f- - ß
ud koef;[efu a_yma_ymqd kqd k cifaracsm>nmbufvufud k
vSrf;qG J<lum olhvD;ay:wifay;vd kufonf? yifud k<fuyif udki fcsifcsif
_zpfaeavaom cifaracsmrSm [efaqmifyefaqmifav;yif r@kef;awmh?
vD;ay:od k hvufa7mufoGm;onfESif h cyfwif;wif;qkyfud kifjunfhvd kufonf?
vD;u t_ywfud krmaeonf? _yD;awmh ylylaEG;aEG;juD;? qkyfud ki fr daom
100
vufacsmi f ;r sm;> xdawG hr S Kt7 usy fvH k ;xufawmhravsm hajumi f ;
taotcsm odvd kufonf?
Þ [m- -wkwfwkwfjuD; yJ ß
cifaracsm>ESKwfzsm;rS toHav;xGufoGm;onf?
Þ @Snfvnf; @Snfygw<facsmacsm7? usKyfvD;u q<fvufr
ausmfausmfavmufud k @Snfwm ß
uk doef;[efua_ymvd kuf7m cifaracsmrSm 7ifawGyd kc ke fvmonf?
vufxJwGi fud ki fr dxm;aom vD;acsmi f ;juD;ud kvnf; yd kIcyfwif;wif;
qky fud ki fvd kufr donf? vD;wef@ Snf@ Snf | wkwfwkwfxGm;xGm;juD ;ud k
pdwful;_zif hwrf;waeaom cifaracsmtzdk h udkoef;[ef>vD;onf ESpf_cdKuf
p7m_zpfp _yKvmav_yD?
Þ [if- -wu<fyJvm; ß
yg;pyfrS r<Hkovdkvd kvnf; a7@Gwfrdonf?
101
Þ ud k<f hr de f ;rud k nma_ymvd k h7rvm; acsmacsm7? r<H k7i f
ykqd k ;cÈwfcs_yD; aoaocsmcsmjunfhygvm;- - ß
ud koef;[efonf cg;wGif0wfxm;aomykqd k ;ud k tom_zKwfa_z
ay;vd kufonf? ykqd k;a_yusonf? uÈwfawmhruÈwf? cifaracsmuvnf;
ud koef ;[ef>iyJ wu<fq<fvufrt@Snf@ S dr@ S d | t7rf ;ud kodvd k7m
a_yusvmaomykqd k ;ud k qwfueJatmufod k hwGe f ;csvd kufonf? vD;ud k
y kqd k ;ay:rSqky fud ki fxm;aomajumif h ykqd k ;ud kqG JcÈwfcs7mwGi f tqif
racsm? xpfovdk_zpfaeonf?
Þ vD;ud kud ki fxm;wJ hvufud k v$wfvd kuftkef;rSayg h acsmacsm7 ß
udkoef;[efu cyfaomaomav;a_ym7if; cifaracsm>wifyg;ud k
Ø _zwf×ueJ_rnfatmif cyfqwfqwfykwfvd kufonf?
Þ td k; tarh- -cpfcpfcpf- -[kwfom;yJ ß
zify kwfc H7rS Konf rde f ;rwd k hud kp dwfvS Ky f@ Sm;oGm;aponf hobm0
twdki f; cifaracsmrSm 7if'de f;ueJcke fum 7<fIa_ymrdonf?
102
cifaracsmonf vD;ud kud ki fxm;aomvufud ka_zv$wf_yD; ykqd k;ud k
qG Jcsvd kufonf? ykqd k ;atmufod k h av#musonf? twGif;c Habmif;bD
0wfxm;_cif;r@S donfhtwGuf ykqd k;av#musaomtcg rwfawmifaeaom
vD;juD;onf wef;ueJyifay:Ivmonf? cifaracsmuvnf; xdkvD;juD;ud k
ususeejunf honf? olr>rsufvH k ;awG_yL;us<fum ta7mifvufI
vmonf?
Þ [m- -tjuD;juD;yJ- - ß
yg;pyfrS cyfwd k ;wd k ;a7@Gwfvd kufrdonf?
u d koe f ;[e fa _ymwm ry d k y g ac s ? o l>vD ;ac s mi f ; ju D ;onf
q<fvufrausm fausm f@ Sn fum vH k ;ywfuawmh bdvyf7nfy kvi f ;
zifyd ki f ;avmufud k wkwfonf? _yD;awmh tnmom;_zpf_yD; tom;vnf;
rnf;vSaomajumif h uk doef;[ef>iyJu rD;aoG;cJwr#yif eufa_ymif
aeonf? cifaracsmud k t7rf;7i fc ke fapcJ haom t_ym"gwfy H kr sm;xJr S
Zmwfvd kufuy`vDjuD;> vD;wefta7miftaoG;rs d K ;ayg h? yd kvd k hawmifr S
rn f ; eu fayt ke f ; rn f ? t@ Sn fE S i f hv H k ; yw fuvnf ; rw dr f ; r< dr f ; ?
tajumjuD;awGzkxpfum t_ydKi f;_yd Ki f;xaeyH kuvnf; wax7mwnf;?
103
wckom_cm;em;onf? uy`vDjuD;>vD;u xdyfta7_ym;_zwfxm;
um 'pfjuD;_yJtmvefaeonf? udkoef;[efuawmh ta7_ym;vS D;rxm;?
od k haomf vD;ujuD;vS_yD; rmefxumrwfawmifavaeonfrd k h vD;xdyf
ta7_ym;u 'pfjuD;ud k t_ynfhz H k ;rxm;? txufyd ki f;oH k ;y H kwyH komom
avmufom ay:aeonf? xdkod k hay:aeyH kuyif wrsd K;tonf;<m;p7m
7ifz d kp7maumif;vSonf?
Þ ta7_ym;vSe fc svd kufy gvm;? 'p fjuD ; _y J _y D ; _yL;xGufvm
vdrf hr<f ß
ud koef;[efu Todk ha_ym7if; cifaracsm>xrDud k txufqifp
!Syfxm;onfh cg;jum;ae7mrS qwfueJqG J _zKwfvd kufonf? txufqif
_yKwfum xrDvnf; a_yavsmhusonf? rdrdud k xrDp,cÈwfae_yDr Se f ;
odaomfvnf; cifaracsmrSm qef husif_iif;qefuef huGufzd k h pdwfrul;awmh?
ud koef;[efESi f h ud k<fvH k ;wD;pyf<Suf_cif;r_yK[k pOf;pm;qH k ; _zwfxm;rS K
wd k hr Smvnf; aeylvmaomtcg ESi f ;ai G h _rLc d k ;wd k haysmufvGi f hoGm;ovd k
w@S de fxd k;Ed k ;juGxef_yif;vmaom 7rufaZmt[kefatmufwGif aysmuf_y<f
oGm;cJ hav_yD?
ud koef;[efu qGJ_zKwfa_zcs_yD;aomxrDud k uGif;vH k ;uÈwfxGuf
104
oGm;atmif atmufodk hqG JcsvdkufaomtcgwGif cifaracsmrSmudk<fudkuGum
aygifjuD;rsm;ud kqef humESif hyif ulnDay;vd kufavao;onf?
cifaracsmrSm ud koef;[efvd k xrDwxyfwnf;om0wfxm;onf
r[kwf? twGif;cHyifwDabmif;bDwd kuav; cH0wfxm;onf? xdkajumif h
xrDa_yuÈwfaomfvnf; atmufyd ki f ;vH k ;0Avmrusif ;ao;? wkwf_z d K ;
avaomaygifwef_zL_zLjuD;rsm;om tazG;om;ay:aeonf? zifjuD;aom
rde f ;r_zpfonf htwd ki f ; wifyg;om;tenf;i<fawmh twGif;c Habmif;bD
t_yifbufod k h wpfIxGufaeonf?
cifaracsm0wfxm;onfhyifwDrSm odyfvnf;rjuD;vGef;| odyfvnf;
ri<fvGe f ;aom taeawmft@G<ftpm;_zp fonf? aysm htdaomfvnf;
xlxJonf? ta7mifuawmh teufa7mif? teufa7mifyifwDabmif;bDonf
azG;tkavaomaygifwefjuD;rsm;> t7if;em;qDrSm yD_yifp Gmtem;owf
ay;xm;onf? abmif;bDcGqH kae7muawmhrd k hazgif;um pd kp dp d _zpfaeonf?
atmufbufrStzkwf>taetxm;ud k aumif;aumif;_rifEd li fonf?
xrDuGif;vH k; a_yav#muÈwfxGufoGm;onfhtcsdefrSmyif cifaracsm
uvnf; udkoef;[ef>vD;wefxdyfyd ki f ; 'pfud kz H k ;tkyfaeaomta7_ym;ud k
tomyif qGJvSefcsvd kufonf? ta7_ym;onf atmufod k hvdyfIusum
105
vD;'pft7if;yd kif;wGif om;a7judK;ESif hywfpnf;xm;ovdk wif;wif;juyfjuyf
av;a7mufoGm;onf? ta7_ym;vSefcsvd kufrS Kajumif h vD;'pf_yJjuD;vnf;
z l ;z l ;juD;ay:vmonf?
ud koef;[ef>vD;'pfonf tawmfud k@ Snfonf? oH k;vufrausmf
av;vufreD;e D;avmuf@S drnf? 'pfxdyfzsm;wGif umra@S ha_y;t7nfjunf
av;rsm;pd k hae7m 'pf_zJcsaomtcg xdkt7nfjunfwd k hu 'pfjuD;ay:od k h
p D ;usum 'pfonfta7mify d kvufvmonf? xd kt7nfjunfav;rsm;>
!S DwDwDteH hud k @SL7aomcifaracsmrSm aoG;om;awGylaEG;avmif_r d Kuf
vm7onf?
Þ wcsufE Sp fc su favmuf ~ Gi f ;w d ku fay;y gvm; acsmac sm?
'grS D;u yd krmyd kawmif hvmrSm ß
udkoef;[efuawmh wxpf_yD;wxpfodrf;oGif;vmonf? olhvD;ud k
cifaracsmt_ywfpG Jrufvmatmif zefwD;vkyfaqmifaeonf?
onfvd ktxmrs d K ;_yxm;rS tar_yD;awmh orD;ud kqufIodrf;yd kuf
Ed li fa7;pDr Hude f ;juD;wGif cifaracsmonf ql;a!Smif hcvkwfr_zpfawmhyJ
tvdkufoif htvsm;oif hyif ygvmEd li frnfr[kwfygvm;?
106
cifaracsmonf vufacsmif;rsm;_zif h cyfwif;wif;qkyfud ki fr dxm;
aomvD ;ac smi f ; ju D ;u d k tomt<myi f ~ Gi f ;w d ku fIay;vd ku fonf?
vufud ktxufatmufvS Ky f@ Sm ;r S KE Si f htwl y laE G ;aE G ;rmawmi fawmi f
vdifwefacsmif;juD;onf olr>vufz0g;ud kyGwfwd kufum vSKyf@Sm;Iae7m
xd ktxdtawGhonf wrsd K;7ifzd karmp7maumif;ayonf?
xdk h_yif rdrd<ckvdkqkyfudkifyGwfwdkufay;vdkufrSKajumifh udkoef;[ef
>vD;acsmif;juD; yd kjuD;Iyd kvnf;rmvmonf[k cifaracsm>pdwfxJwGif
xifrdavonf? udkoef;[efu wcsufESpfcsufavmufom ~Gif;wd kufcd ki f ;
aomfvnf; cifaracsmuawmh av;ig;q<fcsufruyif vkyfay;rdonf?
tpwGifawmh cyf_znf;_znf;? aemufawmht@S de f7um cyfoGufoGuf?
ud koef;[efonf cifaracsm>apmufzkwfud k tomyifyGwfay;
aeonf? twGif;cHabmif;bDudkawmh rcÈwfao;? abmif;bDay:rStkyfudkifum
yGwfay;ae_cif ; _zp fonf? rd k hazgi f ;aeaomapmufz kwfud k yifwDtay:rS
vuf0g;ESi f htkyfum tomyGwfay;_cif;_zif hpwifonf? _yD;awmh vuf!S d K ;
E Si f hvufrwd k hud koH k ;um apmufywfES Kwfcrf;om;rsm;ud k yGwfprf;onf?
cifaracsmrSm 7rufaZmawGxef_yif;aecs de f _zpf7m tzkwfES Kwfcrf;om;
rsm;onf azgif;xpfIaeonf? udkoef;[efonf apmufzkwfESKwfcrf;om;udk
tom!Syfud ki fum txufatmufyGwfqG Jay;onf?
107
apmufzkwftv<ftuGJajumif;wav#mufvnf; vufcv<f_zif h
xd k ;y GwfqG Jay;onf? apmuf7nfjunfawG t_ywfud k@ $r f;@ $r f;p d kaeajumif;
awG h@ S d7awm h ud koe f ;[e fausey ftm;7oGm;onf? ud koe f ;[e fonf
yifwDay:rSav;ig;csufr# yGwfay;uvday;_yD;aemuf olhvufud k yifwD
>cg;pnf;ta@Shyd kif;rS atmufodk htomav;yif xdk;oGif;onf? cifaracsmonf
wifyg;juGum aygifjuD;rsm;rodromum;Iay;vd kufonf? udkoef;[ef>
vufonf yifwDcg;pnf;ar#mhjudK;jum;rSaeI atmufod k hwd k ;0ifvmonf?
7 dw fxm;7mr S _ye fay gu fump apmufar $ ;cy fw d kw d ki kw fp dp dav;r sm ;u d k
prf;r donf?
r d e f ; rr s m ;E S i f h yw foufv#i f tp dr f ;r[ kw f ? z go<fr sm ;u d k
cscJ honfhtawGhtjuHK aumif;aumif;@S daeaomudkoef;[efonf cifaracsm
wa<muf apmufar$;rsm;ud k7 dwfxm;onfrSm 7ufodyfrjumao;ajumif;
7dyfrdonf? zgo<frrsm;onf apmufar$;rsm;a_ymifpifatmif7dwfxm;wwf
juonfu rsm;ay7m| zgcsaeju_zpfaomudkoef;[efuvnf; apmufar$;
7 dw fxm;onf h tzkwfuwH k ;a _ymi fuav;rsm ;ud k jud Kufwwfonf?
yd koabmusonf?
yi fw Datmufo d k h xd k ;E S d Ku fvmaomud koe f ;[e f>vufonf
tzkwfay:odk husa7mufonf? tzkwfjuD;onf rd k hazgif;juG@Gum t7nfawG
108
pd k@ $ Jv#uf ylaEG ;aeonf? ud koef;[efonf tzkwfay:od k hvuf0g; _zi f h
ususeetkyf_yD; apmufaphud k rdrd77yGwfay;vd kufonf?
Þ tm;- -[if h[if h- -tudkuvJ [if h[if h ß
a p mu f a p hty Gw f c Hv d ku f 7 r S Kon f ci f a r a c s mtz d k h awm h
rD;yGi f hoGm;rwwfyif zDvifwufonf? juufoD;awG zsef;zse f;xonf?
wud k< fvH k ;vnf ; qwfqwfwke fonf? ud koe f ;[e f>vD ;ud kvnf ;
cyfjurf;jurf;yif ~Gi f;wd kufypfvd kufrdonf? usefvufwbufuvnf;
tvd ktav#mufyif ud koef ;[ef>a~G;tkrsm;ud k vSr f ;ud ki fy Gwfoyfay;
vd kufrdonf? tvdk;cHcsifp dwfawG t7rf;ud kxef_yif;vmonf? wufvd k;
ygawmhvm;[k pdwfxJrSjudwfum rcsif hr7Ja_ymrdonf? yg;pyfuawmh
yGi f htHxGufrvmao;?
ud koe f ;[e f>use fvufwbufu ci faracsm>E d k ht H kwc kay:
qky fu d ki fvmonf? tz kw fE S d Ku faeaomvufuawm h apmufap hu d k
vuf!S d K ;vufrwd k hE Si f h!Syfum yGwfqG Jay;onf? cifaracsmrSm apmufaph
@ Sn fo l _zp fv#uf 7rufaZmjuGaec s de fw Gi f ai gufawmufav;vnf;
axmifjuGwufae7m apmufaphud k rdrd77yGwfqG JE d li fonf?
109
Þ tm;- -[if h[if h- -tudk- -tudk- -td ktd k- - ß
cifaracsmyg;pyfrS toHawGay:xGufvmonf?
Þ tuFs DcÈwfvd kufav- -acsmacsm- - ß
ud koef;[efu qkyfud ki fxm;aomEd k htH kud k cyfememav;zspf!Spf_yD;
a _ymonf? xd kaemuf Ed k hu d ki fxm;7mr S vufud kz<fay;vd kufonf?
atmufbufrSmawmh apmufacgif;xJod k hvufcv<fudk av#mueJaeatmif
xd k ;oGi f ;vd kufonf?
cifaracsmonf ~Gif;wd kuf| a~G;tkud ki fvkyfae7mrSvufv$wfum
0wfxm;aomtay:tuFs Dud k oGufvuf_re fqefp Gmyi f qG JcÈwfc Gmay;
vd kufonf? 0wfvpfpvpf_zif htvdk;c H_cif;r_yK[k qHk;_zwfxm;avaom
cifaracsmr Sm 7rufaZmjuGum ^Smxefvmaomtcg ud k<f htuF s D
u d k< f hzmomud k<fyi f vd kvm;7rufxe fp Gm cÈwfc Gmay;vd ku fav_y D ?
cifaracsm>udk<fay:wGif b7mpD<mESif h twGif;cHyifwDabmif;bDav;om
@S daeawmhonf? ud k<fvH k ;wD ;r_zp fao;onf hwd ki f bmr#z H k ;z H k ;umum
r@Sdawmhyg? rvHk hwvHk_zpfaeonf? tu<fI udkoef;[efutcÈwfcd kif;v#if
cifaracsmonf b7mpD<mESif hyifwDabmif;bDwd kuav;ud k rqdki f;rwGyif
110
cÈwfay;zd k h 0efav;rnfr[kwfawmh? ud koef;[efu qGJcÈwfypfv#ifvnf;
_iif;qefrnfr[kwfyg?
ud koef;[efuawmh tay:yd ki f ;wGif t0wftpm;@S daeao;onf?
odk haomf atmufyd kif;yvmusif;um vD;juD;t_ywfrmawmifaeonfuawmh
txif;om;juD;ay:aeonf?
tay:0wftuFsDcÈwfcGmypfvdkuf_yD;aom cifaracsmudk udkoef;[efu
vSrf;IqGJ<lvd kuf7m cifaracsmwa<muf| cHwifay:wGif ud koef;[ef>
ab;Y yufvufuav;_zp foGm;onf? ud koef ;[efu cifaracsmud k
qG Jay G hum ES Kwfcr f ;ud kp ky fer f ;onf? cifarcsmuvnf; tirf ;r7yif
wH k h _yefonf?
onfvdktpkyfterf;wGif cifaracsmwwfa_rmufaeonf? xdkajumifh
E S Kwfcrf;csif;xduyfrdI wcsufESpfcsufpkyferf;_yD; ud koef;[efu @Smxd k;
vmaomtcg cifaracsmonf yg;pyfuav;udktvdkufoifh[ay;vdkufonf?
y g ;py fxJwd k ;0i fvmaom ud koe f ;[e f>@ Smud kvnf ; qD ;Itm;7yg ;7
pkyf<lvdkufonf? udkoef;[ef>vufrsm;uawmh cifaracsm>wudk<fvHk;udk
tES H hud ki fwG<fyGwfoyfvSKyf@ Sm;aeavonf? b7mpD<myckef;od ki f;judK;ud k
tomqGJcsum nmbuf7ifbHkud kvnf;cGmcs_yD; wif;ueJtdueJay:vmaom
111
Ed k htH kud k qkyfe<fonf? Ed k hoD;acgif;ud k cyfjurf;jurf;qdwfqG Jvd kuf7m
cifaracsm qwfueJyifwGef hoGm;onf? od k haomf Ed k hoD;acgif;qdwfcH7I
ememjuifjuif_zpfr S Kud kyif t7omwrs d K ;t_zpf ESp fcs d KufoGm;cJ h7onf?
twGi f ;c Hyi fw Dabmi f ;b Dw d kuav;ud k zi f jum;w Gi fny fo Gm ;atmi f
atmufqGJvdyf_yD;aemuf ta_ymifom;ay:vmonfh zifom;_crf;juD;rsm;ud k
tm ;7y g ;7qky fu d k i fonf ? ay gi fwe fo G< fo G< fa _ymi f ;a _ymi f ;r s m ;u d k
av#mw d ku fy Gw foy fonf ? vufarmi f ;t d k ; r s m ;u d k q ky fu d k i fonf ?
zspf!Spfonf? td k wudk<fvH k;tES H hygyJ?
pkyferf;xm;onfh yg;pyfcsif;cGmvdkufaomtcgwGifawmh cifaracsmrSm
nmbufb7mpD<m7ifbH kvefusum nmbufEd k htH kjuD;txif;om;ay:v#uf
zi fom;juD ;E Sp fc kvnf ; ta_ymi fom;E Si f h | 0wfvp fpvp fenf ;y g ;yi f
_zp fIaeavawmhonf? tzkwfray:@ k H yi fwDav;z H k ;t ky fv#uf@ S d _y D ;
b<fbufEd k htH kuawmh avsmh7J7J| b7mpD<matmufrS r_yLhw_yL_zpfv#uf?
ukdoef;[efonf tomukef;x_yD; cifaracsmay:odk h wufcGonf?
vd k ;awmhrnfud ko daomci faracsmuvnf; ' l ;axmufum aygi fum;
ay;vd kufonf? twGif;cHabmif;bD0wfv#ufom; @S daeao;ajumif;owd
7um cÈwfay;rnft_yK udkoef;[ef>apcd ki f;oHay:vmonf?
112
Þ yifwDud kab;tomz<f_yD; tzkwfaz:ay;prf; ß
apcd ki f;vd kufyH ku 7if hovdk | yd ki fvnf; yd ki fE d li fonf?
cifaracsmrSmawmh cyf7if h7if hapcd ki f ;vmrSKud k ta7;rxm;Ed li f?
tvdk;cHcsifpdwfawG t7rf;udkqla0wufjuGaeonfrdk h udkoef;[efapcdkif;onfh
twd k i f ;v ky fonf ? vdy faeI tz kw fomtE d l i f E d l i f z H k ;t ky fxm ;aom
twGif;c Habmif;bDc Gjum;ae7mud k nmvuf_zif hud ki fum ab;od k htom
qGJz<fay;vd kufonf? tzkwfuvnf;csufcsif;yif _yL;ueJay:vmonf?
Þ vD;ud k apmufzkwfrSmqG Jawhay; ß
ud koef;[efu xyfcd ki f ;vm_yefonf?
cifaracsmonf b<fvuf_zif h ud koef;[ef>vD;acsmif;juD;ud k
qkyfud ki fum rdrd>apmufzkwf0wGif awhay;vd kufonf? udkoef;[efu
auseyfpGm_yHK;um vD;udkzdxd k;oGif;onf? cifaracsmuvnf; atmufrSaeI
wifyg;qHkjuD;ud k aumhyif hay;vdkufonf? vD;'pfjuD; apmufacgif;aygufxJ
_rKyf0ifoGm;onf? 'pfujuD;rm;wkwfcd ki fay7m tzkwf0onf tpGrf;ukef
wif;_yJv#uf pl;ueJatmif hIoGm;onf?
113
Þ tm;- -uÈwfuÈwf- -_znf;_znf;tudk- -[if h ß
cifaracsmu rsufESmav;@S H K hr J hum a_ymvd kufonf?
Þ emvd k hvm; acsmacsm7J h- - ß
Þ atmif hoGm;w<ftudk7m- -tudk h[mjuD;u tjuD;juD;yJ?
t7rf;juD; rvkyfe J haemf ß
Þ AspfAspf- -bGyf ß
Þ tm;yg;yg;- -tm;tm; ß
ud koe f ;[e fu qufIz dxd k ;7m vD ;onfwtdtdyi fw d k ;0i fI
aeonf? ci faracsmr Sm orD ;wa<mufar G ;xm;c J h _y D ; tvd k ;vnf ;
aumif;aumif;cHz l;aom apmufywf_zpfaomfvnf; juD;rm;wkwfcd ki faom
udkoef;[ef>vD;juD;xd k ;oGif;7mwGifawmh wif;juyfIaeonf? 'gayr<fh
apmuf7nfjunfrsm;p d kaeI oGi f ;7wmody fawmhrcufvS? zdoGi f ;v#i f
v D ;0i fonf? ci farac sm>apmufywfuvnf; wd k ;0i fvmor#aom
vD ;ud k vd k ;vm;wy frufp Gmyi f wi f ; juy fp Gm7p fywf!Sp f< laeonf?
114
udkoef;[eftzd k h t_ywfud kZ dr fawG haeonf[k qdk7rnf?
apmufacgif;aygufxJwGif t7nfjunfawGuvnf; @$rf;@$rf;pd kae7m
txJod k h0i fvmonf h vD;tyd ki f ;r Sm t_ynf ht0qDokwf _y D ;ovd k _zp fI
aeonf? xdkajumifh 0ifoGm;pwGifom tenf;i<fwpfovdk_zpfaeaomfvnf;
aemufyd ki f ;wGifawmh av#mueJyifacsmrGwfoGm;onf?
ud koef;[ef>vD;onf cifaracsmtvd k ;c Hz l ;c J h _y D ;aomvD;acsmif;
awGxuf tvHk;uvnf;yd kwkwf| tvsm;uvnf;yd k@ Snfay7m apmufacgif;
aygufonf <cifurjuHKzl;aom wif;juyfpD;yd ki fr S Krs d K ; _zpfay:Iaeonf?
apmufacgi f;ud k yd kIxd k ;ovd krs d K ;vnf;_zpfonf? atmif hIemaomfvnf;
xl; _cm;vSonf ht7omud kvnf; rde f ;r l ;7i fz d katmifyi f cHpm;ae7onf?
vD;juD;onf rdrd>udk<ftwGif;od k h euf@S d Ki f;p Gmxd k;azguf0ifvmonf[k
cifaracsmxifrdonf? olr>wudk<fvH k; vD;wefjuD;u v$rf;rd k ;juD;pd k ;vd k h
aeygonf?
Þ tm; uÈwfuÈwf- -0ifw<f [if h[if h- -0ifvm_y D?
tm;yg;- -tjuD;juD;yJ- -[if h juyfaewmyJ? td ktd ktd k- - ß
vD;oGif;wmudkc H7if; cifaracsm>yg;pyfrS wwGwfwGwfa7@Gwf
115
a_ymqd kaeonf? onfvd kpum;oHav;rsm;ud kem;axmif7if; vd k;ae7aom
udkoef;[efuvnf; tjudKufawGhIaeavonf?
Þ ' Dr d e f ; r- -awm fawm f hu d k^ Smxe fwmy J ? o l hor D ;aum
ratvdk^Sm_yif;rvm;rodbl;? ratwlqd k7ifawmh ig htwGuf tudki f7
odyfvG<frSmyJ- - ß
tarudkvd k ; _yD;aemuf orD;ud kodrf;yd kufa_cawmfwifzd k h tjuHjuD;
juHxm;olud koef;[ef>pdwfxJrS awG;vd kufrdonf?
xdkodk hawG;rdI pdwfyd kxvmaomajumifh udkoef;[efu cyf_yif;_yif;
zdaqmifhcsvdkuf7m q<fvufrausmfausmf@Snfaom vD;wefjuD;wacsmif;vHk;
apmufzkwfxJod k h tqHk;_rKyf0ifoGm;avawmhonf?
Þ atmi fr<fav;- -tud k7 J h ? jur f ;vSc snfvm;@ Si f h- -
emvd kufwm- -emvd kufwm- -tm; uÈwfuÈwf- - ß
apmufzkwfxJod k h vD;juD;wacsmif;vH k ; wl@k dufcsuf_yif;_yif;_zif h
@ k dufoGi f ;p d kuf0i fovd k cHpm;vd kuf7onf htwGuf cifaracsmatmf[pf
nnf;!lvd kufr davonf?
116
Þ [m- -aqm7D;uGm- -acsmacsmapmufywfjuD;u vdk;vd k h
t7rf;aumif;wmajumif h rxdef;E d li fy Jz dxd k ;csvd kufr dw<f? odyfemoGm;
ovm; [if ß
ud koef ;[efu zl;z l ;@ G@ G juD;ay:aeaom nmbufEd k ht H k juD;ud k
qkyfud ki f7if; a_ymonf? Ed k hoD;acgif;av;ud kvnf; vufrESif hz dy Gwfum
acsay;onf? aumhaxmi fp l juGwufaeavaom Ed k ho D ;acgi f ;av;r Sm
vufratmufwGif aig hueJaigufueJvSKyfIaeavonf?
Þ td k;- -[if h- -emwmayg hvd k h- -olh[mjuD;ud k wtm;xd k;oGif;
wJ h[mud k- - ß
cifaracsmu olrudkwufvdk;aeoludkoef;[eftm; rsufaxmifhav;
arS;pif;junfh_y D; a_ymonf?
Þ t7rf;emw<fqd k7if vD;_yefxkwfvd kufr<fav ß
Þ awmfyg- -tckrSawmh _yefxkwfraeygeJ h- - ß
Þ 'gqd k aqmif hvd k ;awmhr<faemf ß
117
cifaracsmu bmr#_yefra_ym? aygifud ky d kaxmifum wifjuD;ud k
rodromjuGwifay;onf? aqmif hvd k ;E d li f7e f toif h _yi fay;vd kuf _ci f ;
_zpfonf? yg;pyfrSra_ymaomfvnf; ud koef;[efpdwfjudKufaqmif hvd k ;7ef
r D ;p dr f ; _yvd kufonfhoabm_zpfonf? 'gayr<f hieJom;u t7pf@Snf_yef
aeao;onf?
Þ a_ymprf;yg acsmacsm7J h? aqmif hvd k ;7awmhrvm;- - ß
Þ oabm- -oabm- -[kwfw<f- - ß
cifaracsmu plplatmif hatmif hav;a_ymvd kufonf?
udkoef;[efu w[J[J_zif hoabmuspGm7<farm7if; zifa_ymifjuD;
ud kjuGumvSKyfum_zif h cifaracsmud k pwifIaqmif hvd k ;onf? vD;ud k
jurf;_yifESifhrsOf;_ydKifxm;um aqmifhvdk;ovdk| wifyg;udktay:aumhwifv#uf
vD;udkatmufodk hcyfpd kufpd kufvkyfIvnf; tm;_yif;_yif;ESif hzdodyfaqmifhonf?
vD;ud katmufod k h cyfpd kufpd kufvkyfIaqmif haomtcg vD;wefvH k ;ywfESi f h
apmufaphxdawGhrSK tvGefudkaumif;aomajumifh cifaracsmrSm 7ifodrf hwkef
atmifyif t7omawGhoGm;avawmhonf?
118
Þ bGyfzkwf- -bGyfzkwfzwfzwf- -bGyf- - ß
Þ tif h [if h[if h- - ß
Þ bGyfzkwf- -bGyfzkwf- -bGyfzkwf- - ß
Þ tm;[i f h- -tud k7<f- -aumi f ;w<f- -tJ' Dv d kr s d K ;
p d kufpd kuf_yD; aqmif hprf;yg- -[if h ß
vD;udkcyfpd kufpd kufxm;aqmihfvdk;ay;wm cHIaumif;vSaomajumifh
zDvifawGt_ywfwufvmaeonfhcifaracsmu wkefwcdkufcd kuftoHav;ESif h
z Gi f h[a_ymqd kvd kufrdavonf?
Þ usKyfcg;ud k a_caxmufeJ h!Syfcs dwfxm;- -acsmacsmtjudKuf
aqmif hvd k ;ay;r<f ß
pum;rqHk;rDrSmyif cifaracsmu udkoef;[ef>cg;ud k a_caxmuf
ESpfck_zif h juufa_ccwf!Syfum a_cusif;0wfrsm;tcsif;csif; csdwfxm;vdkuf
_y D ; _zp fonf? ud koe f ;[efuvnf; ci faracsmE Si f h7i fc si f ;tyfr datmi f
ud k<ftay:yd ki f ;ud kz dcsum cifaracsm>ykcke f;ESp fbufud k cs d Ki f;atmufrS
119
vufv#d Kum rdrd77qkyfud ki f_yD; cifaracsmtjudKuf Øa_rpd kufaqmif henf;×
_zifh y<fy<fe<fe<fyif aqmifhvdk;onf? vD;aqmifhoGif;7ef udkoef;[ef>
zifa_ymifjuD;a_rmufjuGtwufwGif cg;udka_c_zifhcwfIcsdwfxm;aomajumifh
ci f arac sm>wi fq H k ju D ;onfvnf ; tay:o d k h ju GIwufo Gm ;onf ?
vD;ud katmufod k h xd k ;p d kufaqmif hc svd kufonf htcs de fwGi fawmh wifqH k
xGm;xGm;_zL_zLjuD;u arG h7may:tdueJ_yefusonf?
aqmif hc sufawGu t7rf;ud kr d kufonf? cifaracsmr S wcgr S
rcHzl;ao;aom aqmif henf;tqef;rs d K ;vnf;_zpfonf? t7om@S dvSvGef;
aomajumi f h ci farac smr S m vl ;v Ge f h aum hy s Hv S Ky fc gIaeavonf?
udkoef;[efuvnf; pHcs de fruswrf;w7jurf;yif tcsufESpf7mr#qufwdkuf
aqmif hvd k ;ypfvd kufonf? xdkod k h cyfjurf;jurf;| cyf_yif;_yif;tcsufESpf7m
ausmf aqmif hvd k ;c H7onfhtcs de ftwGif; cifaracsmrSm ESpfcgqufwd kuf
Ø_yD;×IoGm;7avonf? wudk<fvH k;@ S dtajumtcsOfawGtm;vH k; wzsd K;zs d K ;
wzse f ;zse f ; _zpfatmifud k t7om@S d@ S dE Si f h _ynf h _ynf h00juD;Ø _y D ; ×oGm;7rS K
_zpfonf? ud koef;[efuawmh okwf7nfrxGufao;? xdef;xm;Ed li fqJ?
ud koef;[efonf tyDt_yifaqmif hvd k ;ay;ae7if; cifaracsm>
trlt7mudk tuJcwfjunfhae7m trsdK;orD;ESpfcsDqufwdkufØ_yD;×oGm;ajumif;
7dyfrdonf? xdkajumifh cifaracsm'kwd<tjudrf_yD;oGm;cs defwGif udkoef;[ef
120
onf taqmif h7yfum| tom7csif;tyfIrS de f ;aevd kufonf?
rwfawmifaeaomol>vdifwefjuD;udkawmh cifaracsm>apmufywf
xJ tqH k ;wd ki fz duyfI xd k ;xnf hay;xm;avonf? ci faracsmonf
ud koef;[efud k vufESpfbuf_zif h wif;juyfpGmzufxm;onf? aygifjuD;
E Sp fac smi f ;uvnf; juyf!Sy fp Gmc s dw fxm;onf? apmufywfuvnf;
tqH k ;w d ki fx d k ;o Gi f ;xm;aomvD ;ac smi f ; ju D ;u d k z sp f! Sp fIqG Jaeonf?
apmuf7nfjunfrsm;vnf; wyspfyspfxGufae7m vD;rSm apmuf7nfjunf
wd k h>xdawGhr S Kud k aEG;ueJaEG;ueJaeatmif cHpm;ae7onf?
ud koef;[efrSm okwfxdef;tm;aumif;olrd k hom awmfawmhonf?
awm f@ k H a<mu f s m ;q d k y g r l ci f arac s m>tz kw fq G J! Sp f aer S K a jumi f h
okwf7nfawGyef;xGufukefrSm aocsmonf? udkoef;[efuawmh okwf7nf
rxGufatmifxdef;xm;Ed li fonfht_yif apmufzkwfxJtqHk;xd k;oGif;xm;aom
iyJacsmi f ;juD;ud k aumhIaumhIyifay;vd kufao;onf? cifaracsmr Sm
Ø _y D ; ×oGm;c J honf hwd ki f 7rufaZmusroGm;y J 7ifxJz d kueJat;ueJ _zp fI
_zpfIaeonf?
Þ a_caxmufawGcs dwfxm;wm _zKwfvd kuftkef;? vD;ud k qG Jxkwf
rvd k h- - ß
121
twefjumvD;ud k tzkwfxJpdrfum rS de f ;Iaumhay;ae_yD;aemuf
ud koef;[efu a_ymonf? vD;juD;rwfawmifaeqJ_zpfonfrd k h qufI
vd k ;tke f ;rnf[k em;vnfxm;aomcifaracsmu aemufxyftaetxm;
wrs d K ;a _ymi f ;Iuke f ;c d k i f ;r Smy J[ kawG ;v#uf ud koe f ;[e f>cg ;ud k! Sy fI
csdwfxm;aoma_caxmufrsm;udk a_z_zKwfay;vdkufonf? udkoef;[efvdk;wm
ody fud kc Hvd k haumi f ;vSonfr d k h ci faracsmr Sm ud koe f ;[efvd kc si fonf h
taetxm;twdki f; ukef;ay;zd k h0efrav;awmhyg?
Þ uÈefr b<fvd krs d K ; aeay;7rvJ ß
ESKwfrSyifxkwfI ar;vd kufavao;onf?
Þ tyDaqmif hvd k ;ay;wm cHvd k haumif;w<fr[kwfvm; ß
Þ tif;- -aumif;w<f? odyfaumif;wmyJ ß
Þ 'gqd k vD;pkyfay;ayawmh ß
ud koe f ;[e f>apc d k i f ;c su fajumi f h ci farac smr su fv H k ; _yL ;I
oGm;7avonf?
122
Þ @Sif- - ß
ud koe f ;[e fud kvnf; tvef hwjum;yi f junf hvd ku fr donf?
onfvd krs d K ;vkyfc d ki f ;vdrh frnf[k cifaracsmvH k;0ar#m fvif hrxm;cJ hyg?
Þ vD;p ky fay;av acsmacsm7 J h ? ri f ;ud kt_ywfaumi f ;atmi f
v k y f ay ;ov d k u s K y fu d kvn f ; t7omaumi f ; aumi f ; aw G h atmi f
vD;pkyfay;ayg h- - ß
udkoef;[efu at;at;av;ESif ha_ymonf? cifaracsm>nmbuf
yckef;ab;em;wGifvnf; tom'l;axmufxd ki fcsvmonf? cifaracsmud k
tyDvdk;xm;cJ haom olhvD;acsmif;juD;uawmh apmuf7nfawGpd k@$ Jvufa_ymif
um rwfawmifIvSKyf<rf;ae7m vD;ar$;vdrfaumufaumufrsm;@S donfh
qD;pyfud kyif wcsufwcsuf@k dufrdaeonf?
udkoef;[efvdk;wmcHvdk haumif;I vD;juD;udkoabmusaeaomfvnf;
yg;pyf_zif h pkyfawmhray;csif?
Þ [if htif;- -[if htif;- -rpkyfcsifbl;? pkyfvnf; rpkyfwwf
ygbl k ;- - ß
123
cifaracsmu acgif;cgI _iif;qefonf?
Þ vkyfraeprf;ygeJ h acsmacsm7m? rif;b<favmuf^Smxefw<f
qd kwm usKyfvufawGhodxm;_yD;yg_yD? vm- -pkyfprf;yg ß
Þ rvkyfygeJ h@ Si f- -rpkyfcsifbl;? uÈefr tJ'grs d K ; vkyfvnf;
rvkyfzl;ygbl k ;? 'gawmh rvkyfyg7apeJ h- - ß
Þ pkyfqd k pkyfprf;? pum; rrsm;eJ h- - ß
udkoef;[ef>avoHu rmajumIvmav_yD?
124
yaxG; _zp folE Si f htarwd k h apmapmtdy f7m0i foGm;aomajumi f h
r dr dwmvnf; tdyfcef;xJod k h0iftdyf7onf? tdyfvd k hawmh b<frSmv#if
aysm fE d li frnfenf;? tcs de fapmaeao;onfht_yif axG7mav;yg;uvnf;
pdwf0ifpm;aeaomajumif h tdyf7mxuf0<fvJavsmif;7if; rsufpdtajumif
om;_zpfaeonf?
tys d Krav;rdrdwmu pOf;pmawG;awmaeonfrSm olr>rdcifESi f h
yaxG;wd k htajumif; _zpfonf? tdyfce f ;xJ0ifoGm;juaomfvnf; olwd k h
E Sp fa<muf tdy fjurnfr[kwf? vifr<m;vky fjurSmaocsmajumif ;
r dr dwmodonf?
r dr dwmrSm tvd k ;rcHz l ;ao;onf h tys d Kpi fav;wa<mufawmh
_zpfonf? 'gayr<fh umrrSKudpPawGud kawmh em;vnfonf? xdk h _yif
ud kr k dufu<fxHod k haiGoGm;acs;wd ki f ; Ed k hud ki f | zifyGwf| ayG hzuferf;p ky fr S K
c Hc J hz l ;onfrd k h Øzd k ×"gwfESi f htawGhtjuHKuvnf; aumif;aumif;@S daeonf?
olrwd k hom;trd <cifuaecJ honf h tzDtqG<fcef ;av;teD;0ef ;usi fr S
vifr<m;pH kwG JawG vdk;juaqmfjuwmudk ay:wifjuD;_rifzl;wmawGyif
@ S donf?
rdr d>rdcifud kvnf; yaxG;uk doef;[efu t_ywfvd k;awmhrSmud k
125
rdr dwm em;vnfaeonf? touf(12)ESp fausmf pdwfupm;wwfonfh
tcs de fr Sm Øzd k ×"gwfESi f hvnf; t_ywfxdawG hz l;onfrd k h rdrdwmrSm udk<fvH k ;
ud k<fxnfawG xGm;judKi f;ql_zd K ;aeovdk 7rufaZmuvnf; xef_yif;
7m~juG<faeonf? yaxG;ESi f htarwd k h b<fvd kawGrsm;vkyfaejurSmvJ
[kodvd konfhp dwfawG ay:vmonf? oGm;acsmif;junfhv#ifaumif;rnf[k
pdwful;ay:onf? od k haomf ud k<f htarud kyaxG;uvkyfwm oGm;acsmif;
junf hvd k haumif;yg hrvm;[k wbufrSawG;r d _ye fawmh wGe f hqkwfqkwf
_zpfonf?
xd ko d h kc s Dw H kc swH k _zp faeaom fvnf; olr>aoG;om;wd k huawmh
t@S de fr Se fyif vSKyf@ Sm;Ed k ;juGaejuonf? 7rufpdwfEd k ;juGvSKyf@ Sm;rS Kt@S de f
odyfr_rif hvmcifwkef;uawmh @Sufajumufpdwf_zif h qif_cifEd li fao;onf?
7rufp dwfr sm;E d k ; juGr S K t@S de fy d k _ri f hvmaomtcg @ Sufajumufr S Kr sm ;
<kwfavsmhonf? qif_cifxdef;odrf;Ed li fonfhtiftm;rsm; usqif;vmonf?
rdef;rwa<muftwGuf 7rufaZmxjuGav qif_cifpOf;pm;Edlifonfh
p dwfu tm;aysmhav_zpfwwfonfh oabmobm0twdki f; aemufqH k;
wGifawmh 7rufpdwfESi f hpyfpkvd kr S Ku tEd li f7onf?
rdr dwmwa<muf tdyfcef;xJrStomxGufvmonf? yaxG;ESi f h
126
rdcifwdk h> tdyfcef;@S d7modk h tomav#mufvSrf;csOf;uyfoGm;rdavawmhonf?
tdy fce f ;em;od k hra7mufr Dyi f toHawGud k t7ifpjum;7onf?
vd k;aeaqmfaeonfh toHrsm;| apmufywfxJod k h vD;acsmif;juD;tm;_yif;
_yif;ESi f haqmif hvd k ;vd kufI _rnfvmaomwbGyfbGyftoHrsm;| qD;pyfcsif;
wzwfzwf@k dufrdoHrsm;? _yD;awmh- -?
touf_yif;_yif;@SLoHawG| tmomirf;irf;ESif h a_ymjuqdkjuonfh
pum;oHawG- -?
Þ bGyfzkwf- -bGyfzkwfzwfzwf- -bGyf- - ß
Þ tif h [if h[if h- - ß
Þ bGyfzkwf- -bGyfzkwf- -bGyfzkwf- - ß
Þ tm;[i f h- -tud k7<f- -aumi f ;w<f- -tJ' Dv d kr s d K ;
p d kufpd kuf_yD; aqmif hprf;yg- -[if h ß
Þ u s K y f c g ;u d k a _ caxmu f e J h! S y f c s dw fxm ; - -
127
acsmacsmtjudKuf aqmif hvd k ;ay;r<f ß
xd ktoHwd k honf rdrdwm>pyfpkvd kp dwfud k yd kE d k ;juGxef_yif;atmif
aphaqmfqGJaqmifonf? rdrdwm>a_cvSrf;rsm;onf tvdkvd kyif_refvmum
ud koe f ;[e fE Si f hci faracsmwd k hvi fr<m; tdy f juonf ht dy fce f ;0em;od k h
v#if_refp Gmyif wd k;uyfa7muf@S doGm;juonf?
tdyfcef;xJwGif vd k;aeaqmfaejuonfhvifr<m;uawmh t@S de f
awGt7rf;wufaeonfrd k h rdrdwmcsOf;uyfvmaoma_coHawGud k rjum;?
rdr dwm vmacsmif;junfhonfud kvnf rod? t_ywfyif vd k;aeaqmfae
juonf?
tdyfcef;wHcg;u ydwfxm;onf? 'gayr<f h onfvd ktdr frs d K ;>
wHcg;awGu odjuwJhtwdkif; aphaphvH kvH kr@S d? wHcg;jum;wGif tuGmt[
awG@ S d aeonf? umxm;onf he H7 Huvnf ; 0 g ;x7 H ? wHc g ; jum;u
acsmif;junfhrvm;? 0g;x7HtuGufaygufawGrS acsmif;rvm;? acsmif;junfh
p7mae7mawG wyH kjuD;?
rdrdwmonf eD;7mvG<f7m_zpfaom wHcg;jum;rSyif acsmif;I
junfhvd kufonf?
128
tdyfcef;xJwGif rD;acsmif;xGef;xm;onf? _yD;awmh _cifaxmifvnf;
csrxm;? onfawmh cHwifjuD;ay:wGifumrpyf<Sufaejuonfh yaxG;ESif h
r dcifwd k hud k rdrdwmtxif;om;juD;_rif7awGh7avawmhonf?
rdrdwmacsmif;junfhvdkufonfhtcsdefuvnf; wu<fhtcsdefaumif;?
cifaracsmu udkoef;[ef>cg;udk a_caxmufESpfacsmif;_zifhvdrfcsdwfxm;v#uf
ud koef;[efu Øa_rpd kufaqmif henf;×_zif h y<fy<fe<fe<ftm;_yif; _yif;
w7jurf;aqmif hvd k;aeaomtcsde f? pwifI_rifvd kuf7onfh _rifuGif;uyif
rdr dwmud k juufoD;wzsef;zse f;xoGm;apcJ hayonf?
r d r dwmac s mi f ; junf hon f h t dy f ce f ;t0i ftxGu fw Hc g ;on f
ESp fa<muftdyfc HwifjuD;> ab;bufyd ki f ;wGi f@ S donf? ud koef;[efwd k h
vifr<m;onf cHwifay:wGif wnfhwnfhrtdyf? cifaracsmud k cHwif
tv<favmufY uef hvef h _zwfyufvuftdy faeum wufcGvd k ;ae_cif ;
_zpf7m rdrdwmacsmif;junhfae7mbufud k zifay;xm;ovdk_zpfaeonf?
r dr dwmonf vd k ;aejuonf hvifr<m;ud k a_c7i f ;bufy d ki f ;r S
_rif7onf? udkoef;[efu Øa_rpd kufaqmif henf;×_zif h aqmif hvd k ;aeaom
ajumif h ol>zifa_ymifjuD;onf yH kr Se f@ S d7rnf htaetxm;rS a@S hbufod k h
vufrtenf;i<f yd ka7mufaeonf? cifaracsmuawmh ud koef;[ef>
129
cg;udk a_caxmuf_zifh!Syfcsdwfxm;7I aygifum;um zifjuD;atmufbufodk h
t dusaeonf? onfawmh vD;E Si f hapmufywfwyf7ufom;_zp faeaom
ae7mud k t_ywfxif@Sm;pGm _rifae7onf?
cifaracsmu tom;_zLonf? azG;tkaeonf? udkoef;[efuawmh
tom;rnf;onf? vD;uvnf; eufeufa_ymifa_ymifjuD;? azG;tkaeaom
cifaracsm>tzkwfxJ vD;rnf;rnf;eufeufjuD;wd k;0ifaeyH ku _rifuGif;ud k
y d kaumif;apygonf?
rdr dwmonf a<mufsm;ESi f hr de f ;rvkyfjuwmawGud k _rifzl;c J haomf
vnf; <ck olr>rdcifud k yaxG;wufcsaewmavmuf xifxif@Sm;@Sm;
uGufuGufuGif;uGif; | tyDt_yifr_rifzl;c J h7ay?
rdrdwm> aygifcGjum;rSapmufywfonfvnf; rd k hazgif;It7nfawG
@$r f;p d kae_yD? rdrdwmrSm tarwlorD;rd k h ^SmjuD;onf? 7m~juG<fonf?
rdrdwmonf tarESif hyaxG;wdk h jurf;jurf;7rf;7rf;vd k;aejuyH kud kjunfh7if;
rdr daygifjum;rSapmufzkwfud k vufESif htkyfprf;junfhrdonf? udkr d kufu<f
xd k ;wmE S d Ku fwmc Hz l ;aomajumi h f r dr dwmonf tzkwfud ki fy Gw fv#i f
zDvifwuft7omawGhajumif; em;vnfaeonf? 'gajumif h tzkwfud k
tky fprf;r donfESi f h tomyGwfonf? tzkwftuG Jajumif;jum;ud kvnf;
130
vufESi f hxd k ;uvdonf? apmufaphud k xdrdy Gwfr d7m| aumifrav;rSm
_zd K;ueJzsef;ueJ_zpfonf? rdrdwmonf ntdyfaomtcg twGif;cH0wfavh
r@S dyg? 'guvnf; [dk<cifqif;7JcJ honfhtcsdefu twGif;cHwpH kwnf;udkom
av#mfvd kuf0wfvd kufvkyfae7onfhtwGuf nqdktwGif;cHrygyJ tdyfvm
c J honf htavhtusi f hajumi f h _zp fonf? <ckawmh r dr dwmwGi fvnf;
twGi f ;c Ht0wftpm;awGtygt0i f t0wftpm;tawmf _ynf h _ynf hp H kp H k
@ S daeyg_yD? twGif;cHawG0wfumtdyfrnfqd kv#ifvnf; 7aeyg_yD?
onfnwGifawmh twGif;cH0wfrxm;wm rdrdwmtwGuf[efus
onf[k qdk7avrnfvm;ra_ymwwf? xrDwxyfwnf;om0wfxm;onfrd k h
ud k<f htzkwfud k<f vufESifxd k ;ES d KufyGwfoyf7wmu yd ktxdtawGhaumif;
onf? yd ktqifa_yaeonf?
w7jurf;aqmif hvd k ; _yD; ud koef;[ef_idr fIrS de f ;aeonfud k rdrdwm
_rif7onf? olwd k h Ø_yD;×oGm;ju_yD[kxifum tomacsmif;junfhae7mrS
cyf_znf;_znf;z<fcGmonf? junfh7wm odyfawmhtm;r7ao;? tom
z<fcGmoGm;aomrdrdwmonf tdyfcef;xJrS t_yeftvSefa_ymqdkaejuaom
pum;oHawGud kawmh jum;ae7onf?
Þ a _caxmufaw Gc s dw fxm;wm _z Kw fv d ku ft ke f ; ? vD ;u d k
131
qGJxkwfrvd k h- - ß
Þ uÈefr b<fvd krs d K ; aeay;7rvJ ß
jum;7aompum;oHrsm;t7 yaxG;u rdr d>tarud kqufI
vkyftkef;rnf[k rdrdwmtxmaygufonf? xdkajumif h xyfrHIacsmif;junfh
7ef tdyfcef;wHcg;em;od k h _yefcsOf;uyfonf?
xd kod k hcsOf;uyfoGm;cd kufrSmyif yaxG;u vD;pkyfay;7efapcd ki f;oHESif h
tar>_iif;y<foHrsm;ud k rdrdwmjum;7avonf? omref@k d ;@ k d ;wef;wef;
pyf<SufrS Krsm;ud kom _rifzl;jum;zl;v#uf| onfvd ktqef;t_ym;awGud k
rodao;aomrdr dwmrSm ausmcsr f ;IyifoGm;r donf? wrs d K ;juD;ygvm;?
b<fvd k aw Gy gv dr f h[ k odv d kp dw fu_yi f ; _yvmonfr d k h r dr dwmonf
wHcg;jum;rS cyf_ref_refyifacsmif;junfhvd kufrd_yefonf?
132
tdyfcef;xJrSmawmh udkoef;[efu cifaracsmudk twif;tjuyfyif
vD;p ky fc d ki f ;aeonf?
Þ pkyfqd k7if pkyfprf;- -pum;rrsm;eJ h- - ß
ud koef;[efu avoHrmrmESi f ha_ymum olhvD;ud ka@S hod k hwd k ;ay;
onf? vD;onf cifaracsmyg;pyfESi f h ESpfvufrcef hom uGmawmhonf?
cifaracsmc_rmrSmawmh ajumufvef hwke fvS Ky fum pdwfvnf;
t7rf;ud k vSKyf@ Sm;aeonf? ~a<mufacsmufcsm;yif _zpfvkrwwfyif?
vD;pkyfay;7onfhtajumif;rsm; cifaracsmjum;zl;onf? cifar
ac smu d k< fw d k i fvnf ; vD ;p ky f ay ;7e fw d ku fw Ge f ;r S K ju H Kc J h 7z l ;onf ?
apmapmav;wifuyJ vD;p ky fay;aeonf ht_ym"gwfy H kr sm;ud k junf hc J h7
_y D ; _y D?
'gayr<fh cifaracsmtae_zif h vD;pkyfay;7rSKonf umrt7om
cHpm;rS Kwrs d K;[k vufrcHEd li fao;? pufqkyf@G H@ SmzG<faumif;aom <kwfrm
npfnrf;rS K[k xifaeqJ_zpfonf? udk<fwd ki fvD;pkyfay;zd k hvnf; pdwful;
vH k ;vH k ;r@S d? pkyfvnf; rpkyfcsif?
133
a[m?
<ckawmh ud koef ;[ef>vD;u olryg;py fem;od k ha7mufae_y D?
w_cm;a<mufsm;awG vD;pkyfcd kif;wkef;u wif;wif;rmrm| _ywf_ywfom;om;
_iif;y<fcJ haomcifaracsmrSm <ck vifawmfarmifud k<fwd ki fu vD;pkyfcd ki f;
vmaomtcg b<fvdkvkyf7rSef;rod_zpfaeonf? rdrdudkvufxyf<lxm;aom
umry d ki fvi fa<mus fm ;vnf ; _zp faeaomajumi f h _ii f ;qe fz d k hvnf ;
cufaeonf?
Þ ' Dr Smacsmacsm- -ri f ;a7m ri f ;or D ;a7m pm;0wfaea7;
tqifa_yatmif igu @SmauÈ;7r Sm? ' Dawmh ig hud kaumif ;aumif ;
_yKp kz d k h ri f ;r Sm0wW7m;@ S dw<f? bmrS txmud ki fraee J h ? a7mh- -
pkyfprf;- - ß
ud koef;[efonf avoHrmrmESif ha_ym7if; cifaracsm>acgif;ud k
vuf _zi f hu d ki fum qG J<lvd ku fonf? vD ;E Si f hy g ;py f xdr do Gm ;onf?
vD;xdyfwGifpd kaeaomt7nfjunfwd k h cifaracsm>ESKwfcrf;ud kp d koGm;onf?
cifaracsmonf acgi f ;ud kb<fbufod h k<rf;uma@Smifonf? acgi f ;<rf;
ta@SmifwGif ESKwfcrf;om;rsm;onf vD;xdyfud k xdyGwfovdk_zpfonf?
acgif;<rf;a@Smif_yD;cs de fwGifr S vD;ESi f hE S Kwfcrf;om;wd k hxdaerSKr S vGwfonf?
134
'gayr<f h vD;>txdtawGhud kawmh cifaracsm>ESKwfcrf;rsm;
cHpm;7@S doGm;cJ h _y D? @G H@ SmrS KE Si f htwl 7ifvnf;t7rf;ud kc ke fvmonf?
Þ awmuf- -at;at;aq;aq;p ky fc d ki f ;aewm r7bl;vm;?
jurf;rSjudKufw<fxifw<f ß
udkoef;[efonf cifaracsmud k vD;pkyfcd ki f;zd k h pdwfyd ki f;_zwfxm;7m
tE kenf ;E Si f hr7awm h tjurf ;u d ki fvmonf? ci farac sm>yg ;py fu d k
twif;qGJ_zJonf? cifaracsmu @kef;uefao;onf? tvkyfjurf;orm;vnf;
_zpf| vlaumifvnf;juD;aomudkoef;[efrSm oefpGrf;vSonf? udkoef;[ef
cGe ftm;ud k r<SOfEd li f@ Sm? ud koef;[efr!Smrwm twif;qG J _z Jr S Kajumif h
cifaracsm>yg;pyf [oGm;onf? [oGm;aomyg;pyfxJod k h uk doef;[efu
olhvD;acsmif;juD;ud k twif;yif r7ruxdk;oGif;onf?
olwdh kESpfa<mufrSm vifESif hr<m;| r~FvmOD;n umrpyf<SufaeyH k
rs d K ;r[kwfawmh? twif;t"rRrk' de f ;usif haeovdkrs d K ; _zpfaeonf? zgo<fr
wa<mufudk tEdliftxuf_zif hZmwfoGif;um vD;pkyfcd kif;aeonfhta_ctae
odh kqd kufa7mufaeonf?
aemufqH k;awmh cifaracsm>yg;pyfxJod k h vD;acsmif;juD;wd k ;0if
135
oGm;avawmhonf? vD;rp ky fc si faomci faracsmr Sm vD;ud ki H kr day_y D ?
uk doef;[efu onfvd ki H kxm;wmudk rauseyf? twif;yifpkyfc d ki f ;onf?
rwwfomawmhonfhta_ctaerdk h cifaracsmrSmvnf; vufaÕrmuft@SHK;ay;
7um udkoef;[ef>vD;ud k yg;pyfESih fp ky fay;7@Smavawmhonf?
rdr d>rdcif twif;tjuyftEd li fusi f hc H7um vD;p ky fc d ki f ;wmud k
_ ri f7 jum;7aomr dr dwmr S mawm h r lvuyi f o dy fr junfc si f aom
yaxG;ud koef;[eftay:wGifvnf; rdrdwmrSm tvGefud kpufqkyfr ke f ;wD;
oGm;7avonf?
od k haomf xl;_cm;aomqGJiiftm;wck> qGJaqmifxm;rS Kc H7ovdk
r dr dwmonf yaxG;>vD;ud k rdrd>rdcifu pkyfay;ae7yH k _zpfpOfrsm;ud k
aoaocsmcsmyi f qufIacsmi f ; junf haec J hr davonf? xd kod k hqufI
acsmif;junfhc J hr donfhtwGuf aemiftcgwGifr dr dwmrSm rdrdud k<frdr dvnf;
tH hjoovdk| rausreyfvnf;_zpfrdonf?
cifaracsmrSmawmh tpyd ki f ;wGi f @G H hwGe f hwGe f h _zp faeaomfvnf;
ususeepkyfay;_yD;aomtcgwGifawmh vD;ujuD;rm;wkwfcd kifum pkyfvdk hvnf;
tm;7p7maumi f ;v Sonfr d k h vD ;p ky f7r S Ku d k t7omawG ho Gm ;c J honf?
vD;p ky fay;7if; 7rufuxefvm7m| vD;ud ky d kIyd kI tmomirf;irf; _zif h
136
pkyfay;aeav7m vD;pkyfc H7if;Zdr f<laeaomudkoef;[ef w[if;[if;_zpf
vmonf? udkoef;[efonf <kwfrmvSonf? cifaracsmud k vD;pkyfc d ki f ;@ k H
omru cifaracsm>yg;pyfxJod k h okwf7nfrsm;ud kyif yufyufpufpuf
ye f ;xkwfay;vd kufavao;onf? vD;p ky f7e faemufwGe f hc J ho lci faracsm
@ke f;vd k hvnf;r7| a@Smifvd k hvnfrvGwf_zif h rdrd>yg;pyfxJ yspfueJyspfueJ
ye f ;xkwfay;aom ud koef ;[ef>okwf7nfrsm;ud k aomufrs d Kc svd kuf7
@Smavonf?
ud koef ;[efonf vd k ;tm;oefum umrpGr f ;tm;juD;rm;ovd k
okwfxGufuvnf; jurf;onf? yef;xkwfay;vd kufaomokwf7nfawGu
rsm;vSonf? cifaracsmaomufrs d KcsIyif rEd li f? okwf7nftcs d K honf
ESKwfcrf;axmif hr S<d kp D;usIyif tHxGufvmonf? cifaracsm>ar;aphESi f h
yg;_yifwdk hyifv#if xdk<dkpD;tHxGufvmaomokwf7nfawG ayusHukefavonf?
'gud kacsmi f ;junf hawG h _ri fae7aom ud koef;[ef>r<m;ygorD;
rdr dwmrSmvnf; 7ifcke fvSKyf@ Sm;um udk<f htzkwfud k<ft_ywfzdyGwfv#uf
wcs Dwarmif; Ø_yD;×oGm;cJ havawmhonf?
ci faracsmud k< fwd ki fr Smvnf; vD ;p ky fay;aeqJwGi f ØoH k ; ×c g |
137
okwf7nfrsm;aomufrs d Kcs7onfhtcs de fwGi f wcg| av;judrfqufwd kuf
Ø_y D ; ×oGm;cJ h7onf?
138
tcef;(4)
udkoef;[efESifhcifaracsmwdk h tdrfaxmifoufa_cmufvausmfausmfyif
@S dvmcJ h _y D? ud koef;[eftzd k h cifaracsmud k pdwfjudKufxifovdkvd k ;E d li f
aqmfEd li fv#uf vkyfcsifor#aomumrrSKudpPrs d K ;p H kwd k hud k 7uf7ufa7ma7m
vkyfcd kif;Ed lifcJ honf? udkoef;[ef> tar_yD;awmhorD;udkqufvufodrf;yd kuf
Ed li fa_cawmfwifEd li fa7;pDrHudef;uawmh ratmif_rifao;ay? tarudkom
tyd ki f7aeonf? orD;uawmh uyfvd k hr7ao;?
'guvnf; rdrdwmtae_zif h udkoef;[efud kpufqkyf@G H@ Smrkef;wD;um
rywfoufyJ cyfwif;wif;aexdkifrS KESif h cifaracsmuvnf; rdrdwudk<fvH k;
ud kom vdk7moH k ;ap| orD;ud kawmhrxd7atmif vdrRmyg;eyfpGmvkyfaqmif
ay;aeaomajumif h _zpfonf? ud koef;[efonf rdrdwmud k tjurf;ywrf;
odrf;yd kufypfvd kp dwfawGyif ay:vmonf? odk haomf rk'de f;rS K _zpfrSmajumuf
aomajumif h tomcs d KIpdwfxdef;ae7onf?
onfa_cmufvwmumvtwGi f ; r dr dwmr Smvnf; y d kIp d ka _y
awmi f hwi f ;z G H hx G m ;ae7m wtdr fwnf ;aeaomud koe f ;[e ftae _zi f h
r dr dwm>ud k<fvH k ;ud k<fxnfud k junh f7i f ; ta0;r Som oGm;7nf<d kI
ae7onf? csO f ;uyfE d li f7e f Om^fe DOm^feufrs d K ;p H k juHqygaomfvnf;
139
atmif_rifrS Kawmh r7ao;ay?
orD;udk t7rjuHEd lifao;onfhtwGuf tydkif7xm;aomtarudkom
ud koef;[efu zdIvd k ;aeonf? vd k ;wmrS nwd ki f ;vd kvd kyi fvd k ;onf?
cifaracsm 7moDvmonfh7ufyd ki f ;avmufom a@Smifonf? a@Smifonf
qd kaomfvnf; vD;pkyfc d ki f ; _cif; | ~Gif;wd kufcd ki f ; _cif; | Ed k h jum;wGif vD;!Syf
oGif;um Ed k htH krsm;ud kvd k ; _cif;wd k hawmh vkyfao;onf?
rdrdwmrSmvnf; olr>rdcifudk yaxG;uvdk;wmudk npOfqdkovdkyif
ac smi f ;a _rmi f ; junf hayonf? olrtae_zi f h yaxG ;u d koe f ;[e fu d k
rsufESmcsif;yif jumjumrqdkifcsifavmufatmif @G H@Smrkef;wD;aeaomfvnf;
ud koef;[efE Si f hci faracsmpyf<Sufjuwm enf;rs d K ;p H kvky fjuwmud kawmh
acsmif;rjunfhyJ raeEd lif? AD'D<dkpG Jaeolwa<muf AD'D<dkjunfhcs defwefv#if
raeE d l i fy J A D' D< d k @ k H emo d k h a7mufwwf _r J _zp fovd k | r dr dwmr Smvnf ;
nbuftcsdefwefv#if rdcifESif hyaxG;wd k h>tdyfcef;ud k oGm;racsmif;junfhyJ
raeEd li f? xd kod k hacsmif;junfh7rS Kud k rdrdwmwa<muf aq;pG Jovd kyif
pG Jrufae7av_yD? oGm;Iacsmif;rjunfh7v#if raeEd li fawmhyg?
xdkodk hacsmif;junfhaeonfudk yaxG;ESif hrdcifwdk hrod7avatmifawmh
r dr dwmu txl;~@ kp d kufonf? ud koe f ;[efE Si f hci faracsmwd k hr Smvnf;
140
umra7<mO fa jumep fa _rmI t@ S d e f7vmv#i f | avmujuD ;u d kyi f
ar haewwfay7m r dr dwmtzd k h wdwfwqdwfoGm;acsmi f ;7mwGi fawm h
tcufrawGhvSyg? ud koef;[efa7m| cifaracsmyg rdrdwmxd kod k hvmacsmif;
aeajumif; r7dyfr djuay?
ud koef;[efonf tjuHwrs d K ;7um aiGaju;rsm;ud k cifaracsmud k
tukeftyfrxm;awmhyJ aps;bd k ;r#avmufomay;onf? rdrdwm rkef hz d k ;awG
bmawGvd kcsi fv#i f rdr dxHr Swd kuf@ k dufvmawmif;7ef tuGufxGi fonf?
rdrdwmrkef hzd k;vmawmif;v#ifawmh 7uf7ufa7ma7may;onf? ay;ovdkvnf;
xduyg;7duyg;vkyfwwfonf? xd kajumif hr dr dwmonf ud koef;[efxHY
rke f hz d k ;rawmif;awmh? rdcifuay;or#ud kom acÈIoH k;avonf?
ud koef;[efonf olwd k h7yfuGufaps;uav;wGif txnfqd ki fav;
wckz Gi f hxm;onf? qd ki fwGi f ud koe f ;[e fE Si f hci faracsmwd k hvi fr<m;
waeukefyifxd ki fjuonf? rdrdwmutdrfrSmaeI xrif;csuf| tdrfr S KudpP
vkyf7onf? ausmif;vnf;aeonfr[kwf| <cifqif;7JE Gr f;yg;pOfumv
wav#mufvH k ; rke f hy JoGm;7nfpm0<f<lpm;aomufwwfonf htavhtx
r@S dc J haomajumif h a_ym7rnfqd kv#if rdrdwmtae_zif h rke f hz d k ;y Jz d k ;vd ktyf
p7mtajumif;r@S dyg?
141
'gayr<fh <ckae7onfhywf0ef;usifu <cifESi f hrwl| a_ymif;vJ
aeonf? <ck rdr dwmwd k ha_ymif ;a@ $ haexd ki faom7yfuGufr Svlrsm;onf
csr f ;omolr@S daomfvnf; <cifr dr dwmwd k haexd ki fc J h7aom7yfuGufuvd k
qif;7JEGr f;yg;olawGvnf; r[kwfay? pm;Ed li faomufEd li folawG rsm;onf?
twif htoif hacsmifvnfol tenf;tusOf;@S donf?
onfawmh 7yfuGufxJrS rdrdwmESif houfwl@G<fwlrde f;uav;rsm;
onf tz d k ;we f ju D ;r[kw fonf hw d k i f twi f htoi f haumi f ;r Ge faom
t0wftpm;r sm ;(Oyrm abxky foe f hoe f hr sm ;)ud k 0wfwwfjuonf?
rdrdwmrSmvnf; touf(13)ESpftwGif;od k h csOf;eif;0ifp_yKaom vScsif
ycsifonfht@G<frd k h oufwl@G<fwlt_cm;rdef;uav;awGvd k 0wfcsifpm;csif
onf? onfvd kta_ctaewGif ud koef;[efucifaracsmud k aiGtukef
ud ki fc Gi f hray;y J aps;z d k ;omcsay;Ixde f ;xde f ;odr f ;odr f ;vky fvmaomtcg
ci farac smtae_zi f h or D ;u d kt0wftxnfawG0<fIrqi fE d l i fawm h ?
0wfcsifpm;csifaomrdrdwmrSm tawmf hud ktcufawGhaeonf?
Todk h _zif h- -?
142
ud koe f ;[e fE Si f h ci farac smw d k h E Sp f a<muf vufxy f _y D ; juI
a_cmufvcef htjumwGif wckaomaehvnfyd ki f ;wGif rdrdwmonf aps;wGif
qdkifzGif haeaomrdcifxHodk h xrif;cs d Kif hyd k h7efxGuftvm vrf;wGifudkrd kufu<f
ESi f hqH kr davonf?
Þ [m- -OD;r d kufu<fjuD;? @Si fb<fwke f ;u _yefvGwfvm
wmvJ- - ß
cd k ;7mygypPnf;vufcHr S K _zi f h ud kr d kufu<faxmifusoGm;ajumif;
odxm;aomrdrdwmonf <ckudkrk dufu<fudk @kwfw7ufawGhqH krdaomtcg
yg;pyfrS v$wfueJar;rdonf?
ar;vd kuf_y D;r S onfvd kar;wm tm;emp7mrsm;_zpfaeavrvm;
[kawG;um tae7awmfawmfcufonf?
ud kr d kufu<fuawmh rdrdwmxdkod k har;onfhtwGuf pdwfqd k;yH kr7?
rdrdwmESKwfqufpum;qdkonfhtwGufyif auseyfoabmusoGm;ao;onf?
ud kr d ku fu<fr Sm r dr dwmud k yguifz Gi f hty d ki fvd k ;E d li fawmhrnf h
qJqJwGi f axmifusoGm;c J h7m| pm;7umeD;r S xrif;y G Jar Smufusovd k
143
tawmfjuD;rcsif hr7J_zpfcJ h7onf? rdrdaxmifrSvGwfv#if wpcef;7yfcJ h7onfh
Zmw fvr f ;u d k _ ye fqufrn f[ kvnf ; ju dw fIapmi f hq d k i f ; aec J hon f ?
axmifrSvGwfaomtcgwGifawmh rdrdwmwdk h>b0ta_ctaerSm <cifuvdk
r[kwfyJ tawmfav;a_ymif;vJwd k ;wufoGm;wmudk awGhod7onf?
'gayr<f hud kr d kufu<fonf oltvGe fwyfrufr daomrdr dwmud k
vufrav#mhcsifao;? tpysd K;xm;cJ hr S KawGuvnf; aumif;aumif;@S dc J honf
r[kwfygvm;? od k haomf rdrdwm>yaxG;ud koef;[efrSm vuf7rf;vufp
rao;ajumif;odxm;onfhtwGuf t7rf;awmh rvSKyf@ Sm;7J? rdrdwmwd k h
tdrfod k hyif roGm;7J? rdrdwmuvnf; ol hxHod k hrvmawmh7m b<fvd k
qufoG<fum Zmwfvrf;_yefquf7rnfrSe f;rodyJ tjuHtd kufaeonf?
onfjum;xJud koef;[efu rdrdwmud k tyd ki fqG JoGm;rnf hta7;ud kvnf;
ud kr d kufu<fawG;um ylaeonf?
onfae hwGi fr l ta_ctaeay;vd kay; _im; ra<mi frvnfE Si f h
r d r dwmwd k h a _ymi f ;o Gm ;aom7y fu Gu fbufo d k h a _cO D ;v Sn f htvmwGi f
r dr dwmESif h vrf;rSmqH kr d _cif;_zpfonf?
awGhqH kr daomtcg rdrdwmuyif pwifES Kwfqufpum;qd kav7m
r dr dtae_zi f h Zmwfvrf ; _ye fquf7e fvrf ;paumi f ;aumi f ;y Gi f hav_y D[k
144
udkrd kufu<fu wGufonf? rdrdwmESKwfrqufyJ rodusd K;uÈH_yKxGufoGm;
v#if ud kr d kufu<ftwGuf vrf;pydwfovdkrs d K ; _zpfoGm;ayvdrf hrnf?
Þ at;- -vGw fvm_y D ? av#m h7u fawGbmawGe J hq d k awm h
ody frjumygbl;[m? eifuvnf; tazawGbmawG7_y D ; ta_ctae
[efaew<fqdk- - ß
ud kr d kufu<fu _yefa_ymonf?
u d koe f ;[e fE S i f h r d r dwmw d k h yax G ;E S i f h r<m ;y gor D ;tjum ;
qufq Ha7 ;b<fv d kta _ctae@ S don fu d k pum;awmuf junf hv d kI
<ckvd ka_ymvd kuf_cif;_zpfonf?
rdr dwmu ESKwfcrf;r J hum- -
Þ oGm;prf;yg? b<fu taz7rSmvJ? tvum;vljuD;- - ß
r dr dwmtae_zi f h ud koe f ;[e fu d k r junfajumi f ;o dv d ku f7I
ud kr d kufu<fyd ktm;wufvmonf? ol htwGuf trsm;juD;tvm;tvm
@S daeayao;onf?
145
Þ eifu ig huk dr Swfrdao;wm 0rf;omygw<f ß
Þ [m- -b<frrSwfr dy J aerSmvJO D ;r d kufu<f7J h? ud k<f hud k
tultnDay;cJ hwJ hvlyJ- - ß
_yefrqyfEd li faomaiGacs;_cif;rsm;_zif h udkrd kufu<fuaiGacs;cJ honf
rsm;ud k rdrdwmu rdrdud kulnDonf[k <ckwd ki fxifrSwfaus;Zl;wifaeqJ
_zpfonf? xd kod k haiGacs;Ed li fa7;twGuf ud kr k dufu<f>tudki ftyGwfawG
cHc J h7onfud kawmh xnfhrwGufrd@ Sm?
Þ at;- -'gqd k7if eif htay:rSmtajuG;usefaeao;wmudkvnf;
rSwfrdtkef;r Smayg h- - ß
rdrdwm>rsufESmav; i<foGm;onf? uk dr d kufu<fxHrS (rnfr#
@S dae_yDrSef;yifrodatmif) tvDvDtvmvmacs;<lcJ honfawGudk _yefawmif;
aeonf[kvnf; xifrdonf?
Þ OD;rd kufu<fqDu acs;xm;wmawG uÈefr_yefqyfcsifygw<f
@Si f? 'gayr<fh uÈefrrqyfEd li fao;wm odyftm;emwmyJ ß
146
Þ [m- -igu aiGtajuG;ud ka_ymwm r[kwfygbl;[? eif h7 J h
uwdtajuG;ud k a_ymwm- - ß
Þ bmrsm;ygvdrf h- - ß
Þ eifig hud k aiGig;7mvd kcsi fw<fvma_ymwkef;uav? ig hqDud k
wacguf_yefvmr<fvd k h eifay;cJ hwJ huwdud k arhae_yDvm; ß
xd kudp Pud k rdr dwmrarhyg? ud kr d kufu<fu tpaz:ay;awmh
csufcsi f ;owd7onf?
Þ rarhygbl;@Si f? [d k- -udkr d kufu<fu axmifusoGm;awmh
uÈefrvnf; b<fvd kvkyf_yD;vmEd li fawmhrSmvJ ß
Þ tck igaxmifu_yefvGwfvm_yDav? vmcJ hvd k h7_yDayg h ß
ieJom;u olhbufol<ufuma_ymonf?
r dr dwmrSm ae7mopf | 0ef ;usi ftopf | ta_ctaetopfE Si f h
aexdkif7vmI todt_riftenf;i<fwdk;wufvmaeonf? rdrd>tysdK7nfudk
147
ypfpvufcwftysufc HIr_zp f? tpGr f ;uke fvd kufavsm_ci f ;rs d K ;rvky ftyf
qd k _cif;ud k (yaxG;>tyd ki fjuHaerSKud k cyfwif;wif;a@Smifwdrf;ae7aom
r<m;ygorD;wa<muf> b0ay;tod_zif h) tweftoifhem;vnfaeonf?
od k haomf- -?
udkrd kufu<fudk ypfypfcgcgjuD;_iif;qefypfzd k hudkvnf; tm;emovdkvdk
_zpfonf? bmyJa_yma_ym rdrdukef;aumufp7mr@S datmifyif qif;7J' kuQ
a7mufum tjuy fawG haec J h7onf htc s d e fr s m ;w Gi f ud kr k du fu<f>
ay;urf;ulnDcJ hr S Krsm;twGufawmh rdrdwmu aus;Zl;wifaeonf?
wudk<fvH k;yH ktyf7rSKtxdawmh rvdkufavsmonfhwd ki f wpH kw7m
twdki f ;twmtxdawmh vd kufavsmvkyfay;zd k hoif hrnf[kvnf; rdrdwm
@k d ;om;pGmawG;r d@ Smonf?
udkrd kufu<faexdkif7m7yfuGufbufodk hawmh rdrdwmvdkufroGm;vdk?
vd kufoGm;Ed li fonfh ta_ctaeuvnf;ray;?
Þ OD;r d kufu<fjuD;qDud kawmh uÈefrvd kufvmvd k h r7Ed li fbl;
@Si f h- - ß
148
Þ eifuvJ[m- -uwday;xmwmudk zsufawmhrvd k hvm; ß
Þ uwdawmh rzsufygbl;@Si f? 'Dvd kvkyfav- -uÈefrwd k htdrfud k
O D;r d kufu<f odw<fr[kwfvm;- - ß
Þ [if htif;- -rodbl k;- - ß
wu<fawmh rdr dwmwd k ha _ymi f ;aejuonf h tdr fae7mopfud k
udkrd kufu<fodygonf? pH kprf;xm;_yD;om;yg? 'gayr<fh vl@k d;av;wa<muf
toGif rod[efaqmifaevd kufonf?
Þ [dkvrf;xJu tdrfe Hygwf oH k;q<fhud k ;- - ß
Þ atmf- -tif;tif;- - ß
Þ tdrfud kvmcJ h ? uÈefrwd k h enf;enf;yg;yg;a_ymqd kjuzd k hawmh
vd kr<f- - ß
Þ at;- -at;? 'ge J h b<fawmhvm7rSmvJ? eif hyaxG;e J h
wd k ;vd k hawmh raumif;bl;aemf ß
149
Þ tJ' DaoemaumifjuD;tajumif; pum;xJxnfha_ymraeprf;
yge J h? tcktdrfr Sm uÈefrwa<mufyJ@ S dwm? 'Dawmh 'Daehy JvmcJ hayg h?
atmf- -tdrfaemufaz;aygufu vSnfh0ifvmaemf ß
Þ at;- -at;- - ß
Þ atmf- -aetke f ;? uÈefr tarhqDxrif;cs d Ki f hoGm;y d k hvd kuf
tkef;r<f? _yefvmrS [kwfvm; ß
Þ aumif;_yD- -aumif;_yD- - ß
udkr d kufu<fu tawmfoGufvufaeonf? olxifxm;onfxuf
tqifacsmaewmud k ;?
r dr dwmonf ud kr d kufu<fud kE S Kwfquf_y D ; xGufvmcJ honf?
ud kr d kufu<fuvnf; olhvrf;oloGm;aeovdk cyfwnfwnfyif qufI
xGufcGmoGm;onf? ab;vlawGt_rifuawmh oda[mif;uÈrf;a[mif;rsm;
vrf;wGifqHkrdI pum;a_ymESKwfqufum udk<fhvrf;udk<fxGufoGm;juonf
[kxifrSwfp7m?
150
r dr dwmonf aps ;od k hqufxGufvmc J honf? xH k ;p Htwd ki f ;yi f
txn fq d k i f av ;w G i f ci f a rac s mwa<mu fwn f ;om@ S d a eon f ?
ud koef;[efonf onfvd kaehvnfyd ki f ;wGif qdki fxd ki fc Jonf? tajumif;
wckr[kwfwck_yum xGufoGm;ae_rJ_zpfonf?
udkoef;[efonf reufrd k;vif;yd kif; qdkifzGif h_yD;em7Dtenf;i<fcef hESif h
naeyd ki f ;qd ki frodrf;r D oH k;av;em7Dcef hom qdki fwGifxd ki fwwfavonf?
xd kajumif hr dr dwmonf xrif;cs d Ki f hy d k h7mwGifyif rdcifcifaracsmwa<muf
wnf;twGufom xnfhay;7avonf? udkoef;[efu olhtaygif;toif;
rsm;ESi f h eHeufpmjuHK7mwGifpm;wwfonf? npmom tdrfr Smpm;onf?
rdcifESi f horD; aehvnfyd ki f ;xrif;cs d Ki f hvmyd k h7if; at;at;aq;aq;pum;
a_ymEd li faomajumif h ud koef;[efqd ki fr Smzifr_rJwm cyfaumif;aumif;[k
cifaracsma7m| rdrdwmyg <lqxm;juonf?
<aehawmh r dr dwmonf rdci fE Si f ho dy f jumjumpum;ra_ym?
tdr ftvky fawG vky fp7m@ S dao;onf[ktajumi f ; _yum ci faracsm
0<f<lxm;aom naepm[if;vsmypPnf;rsm;ud k<lum tdrfod k h _ye fvm
cJ honf? tdr ft_ye fvrf ;wGi f ud kr d kufu<fE Si f h ody ftwif;trmjuD;
_iif ;vd kuf7wmrs d K ;vnf;r[kwf? t7rf;vd kufavsm7wmuvnf;r[kwf?
twif htoif hvd ku favsmum ud kr d ku fu<fausausey fey f@ S do Gm ;atmi f
151
rnfod k hvkyfv#ifaumif;rnfenf;[k rdrdwmpOf;pm;IvmcJ honf?
r dr dwmwd k hvrf ;xdy fE Si f h rvSr f ;rurf ;@ S dvbuf7nfqd ki fxJwGi f
ud kr d kufu<f vbuf7nfxd ki fIaomufaeonf? rdr dwm_ye ftvmud k
tomapmi f h junf h ae _ci f ; _zp fonf ? r dr dwmonf ud kr d ku fu<fu d k
vbuf7nfqdkifxJwGif vSrf;_rifaomfvnf; r_rif[ef_yKum [efrysufyif
qufIav#mufum vrf ;x Jc s d K ;auG h0i fo Gm ;onf? tdr fa7mufawm h
aemufaz;wHcg;aygufud k toifhyifzGif hIaphxm;um aemufaz;rD;zd kcef;xJrS
tomxdkifI apmif haeavonf?
ud kr d kufu<fuvnf; rdr dwmtdr f _ye foGm;onfud k awG honf?
'gayr<fh rdrdESi f hbmrSrqd ki fovdk cyfat;at;yif vbuf7nfaomuf
aeonf? tcsde ftenf;i<fjumrS aiGay;acs_yD; qdki fxJrSxGufvmcJ honf?
t0i ftxGufvrf ;ae7mrsm;ud k jud Kwifjunf hxm; _y D ; _zp fonf htwd ki f ;
r d r dwmw d k ht d r fu d k aemu faz ;vr f ; jum ;bufr Sta7mu fo G m ;on f ?
rdrdwmzGif hxm;aom tdrfaemufaz;wHcg;rS tvdkufoif hyif0ifvmcJ honf?
rD;zd kcef;xJwGif xd ki faeaomrdrdwmudk awGh7avawmhonf?
Þ a7mh- -'DrSm- - ß
152
tdr faemu faz ;ce f ;x Jo d k h a7mu fI r dr dwmud k aw G h7onfE Si f h
ud kr k dufu<fu ol hvufxJwGi fud ki fvmaom t!d ka7mifpuULtdwfud k
vSr f ;ay;vd kufonf?
Þ bmawGvJ- - ß
rdrdwmu vSrf;<l7if; | _yefar;onf?
Þ eif hud k0<fay;r<fvd k h iguwday;c J hwJ h twGif ;c Habmif;bD
topfESpfxnfeJ h b7mpD<mtopfESpfxnfav? tm;vH k; taumif;pm;
awGcsnf;yJ- - ß
rdrdwmESif hqH kr dum tcsde f;tcsufvkyf_yD;aemuf udkr d kufu<fu
xd kb7mpD<mESi f h twGi f ;c Habmif ;bDawGud k a_y;0<fc J h _ci f ; _zp fonf?
yxrwef;pm; taumif;pm;awGr[kwfapumrl onf7yfuGufaps;xJrSm
a7mif;wmawGxJrSmawmh aps;tjuD;qH k;ESif h taumif;qH k;[kqdkEd li fygonf?
teufa7mifb7mpD<mESi f htwGi f ;c Habmif;bDu wpH k | t!k dE ka7mifu
wpH k? yH kp Hrsm;uawmh aemufqH k;ay:cyfa[mha[mh'DZ d ki f ;awG? rdrdwmwd k h
tys d Kay gufrav;awG 0wfavh@ S donf htwGi f ;c Htrs d K ;tpm;awG _zp f7m
rdrdwmonf tdwfud kz Gi f hjunfh_y D; tjudKufawG hoGm;onf? olhbufu
153
tvdkufvnf;od| uwdvnf;wnfae7m rdrdtae_zif h odyfwif;rmaezd k h
y d kvd k hyi fcufoGm;onf?
ud kr d kufu<fu rdrdwmab;em;od k h tomuyfvmonf? yckef;ud k
zufum nmbufyg;ud k@ $wfueJerf;vd kufonf? aumifrav; 7ifzd kueJ
_zpfonf?
Þ udki f;- -pju7atmifvm; ß
ud kr d ku fu<fu xd ko d k h a _ym _y D ; xy fqi f hu Jawm hrn f _y K7m
rdrdwmu vuf0g;um[ef hwm;vd kufonf?
Þ [m- -aetkef;- -aetkef;- -a_ymp7m@S dw<f ß
Þ bmrsm; a_ymtkef;r SmvJ rdwm7 ß
ud kr d kufu<fu udk<f@S de fowfvd kufonf? aumifrav;>ykcke f;
ud kawmh od ki f;zufxm;qJ?
Þ [dkav- -tckuÈefrta_ctaeu t7ifvd kr[kwfawmhbl;
154
qdkawmh- - ß
rdrdwm pum;prnf_yKqJrSmyif ud kr d kufu<fujum;_zwfum-
Þ em;vnfw<f? 'gajumif h eif hud kigu ig;7mtckxyfay;r<f?
td kauvm;- - ß
Þ [m- -uÈwf- -tJ'g r[kwfbl; ß
Þ waxmifay;r<f [m- -aemf ß
rdrdwmudk vufrv$wfvdkawmhaomudkrd kufu<fonf umravvH
qG Jovdk aps;ud kt_refyifwd k ;ay;onf?
0wfcsifpm;csif | aiGud kvufud ki fumoH k;csifaeaom rdrdwmonf
ud kr d kufu<fay;aomaiGud k trSefyifrufarmrdonf? od k haomfrdr dtae_zif h
tqHk;p Ge fqH k ;vd kufavsmIr_zpfajumif;| roif havsmfajumif;ud k em;vnf
onf?
ud krd kufu<fESif huvnf; vlpdrf;awGr[kwfyJ terf;tpkyf| tudkif
155
twG<fcHzl;xm;onfrd k h rdrdwmu vdk7if;ud kcyf@Si f;@ Si f;om xkwfa_ymcs
vd kufavawmhonf?
Þ b<favmufay;ay;| [d k'if;vkyfwmrs d K ;txdawmh r7bl;?
w_cm;[mawGyJ 7r<f? 'g aemufqH k;pum;yJ- - ß
rdrdwmudk yguifzGif hum tyDvd k;ypfvd kufrnf[k vD;ud karmif;wif
xm;onfhud kr d kufu<f| awmfawmfp dwfysufoGm;onf? <cktdrfxJwGi f
olESi f hr dr dwm ESpfa<mufwnf;om@S daeonfqd kaomfvnf; ud k<f htyd ki f
ae7mr[kwfonf htwGuf t7rf;awmhrvky f7 J? rdr dwmu atmfvm;
[pfvm;vkyfygu tm;vH k;_y\em@SKyfum rdrdaumif;aumif;acsmufayguf
wd k ;e d li fonfud kvnf; ud kr d kufu<fem;vnfonf?
wufrvd k ;7ao;onf hw d k i f 7or#aomtc Gi f hta7;ud k <c k
avmavmq<f<lxm;_yD;rS aumifrav;ud kESL;ESyfum odrf;oGif;<lzd k hom
@S dawmhonf[k pdwful;rdonf? olhoabmuawmh rdrdwmud k <ckyif
wufcscsifaeygonf? 'gayr<fh<ckta_ctaeu xdkod k hvkyfv#if rdrdtzd k h
bmrSr7Ed li fy J vH k;0vufvGwfqH k;@ S H K ;oGm;zd k hom@S dawmh7m vkyfcsifp dwfud k
twif;cs d K ;E S dr fxm;7onf?
156
Þ udki f;[m- -eifeJ hige J hu t7ifuvnf; tvkyf_zpfcJ hjuwJh
vlawGyJ? 'Dawmh eifa_ymprf;? waxmifay;r<fqd k7if eif hud kb<fvd k
rs d K ;awGvkyfvd k h 7rvJ? eif b<favmuftxd vdkufavsmEd li frvJ- - ß
pum;o G< f0 d ku fI a _ymae7rn f htc s d e f r[ kw faomajumi f h
ud kr d kufu<fuvnf; 'J h' d k ;juD;yif yGif hy Gi f hvif;vif;ar;csvd kufavonf?
aps;0<f7mwGifa7mif;olud k tav#mhEd li fqH k ;aps;ar;csvd kufonfhoabmyif?
rdr dwmu acwWpOf;pm;vd kuf_yD;- -
Þ OD;rd kufu<fjuD; vkyfprf;junfhav? uÈefr vdkufavsmEd li fwm
qd k7i f vd kufavsmr<f? rvd kufavsmE d li fwmqd k7i fawmh _ii f ;r<f?
uÈefr_iif;7if twif;tjuyfrvkyf7bl;? tJ'D[mudk a@Smif7r<f? ß
ud kr d kufu<fu b<fvd krs d K ;awGvkyfzd k h pdwful;@S daeonfud k
r dr dwm rcef hr Se f;wwfyg? umrpyf<SufrS K _yKonftxd rvdkufavsmEd li f
ajumif ;ud kawmh a_ymxm;_y D ; _y D? 'gajumif h ud kr d kufu<fvky fr Smud k
junf hum vd kufavsmoif hroif htqH k ;t_zwfay;oGm;El di fatmif Todk h
a _ymvd kuf _ci f ; _zp fonf? wenf;tm;_zi f hvnf; ud kr d kufu<ftaeESi f h
olvkyfcsifwmrsm;udk olhzmomolqif_cifxdef;odrf;Edlifapatmif a_ymvdkuf_cif;
157
rs d K ;vnf; _zpfonf?
Þ aumif;_yD? tck t7ifqH k ; igeif hud kerf;csifw<f? erf;7rvm;
- - ß
ud kr d kufu<fu Øp×vm_yD? wu<fawmh tdrfaemufaz;cef;xJ
a7mufvmumpuyif ud kr d kufu<fonf rdrdwmud kzuferf;cJ h _y D;_zpfonf?
rdrdwmuvnf;r_iif;yJ terf;cHcJ h _yD;_zpfonf? erf;wmzufwmavmufawmh
rdr dwmu vdkufavsmrnf_zpfajumif; ar;p7mrvd ky JodEd li fonf?
rdr dwmu bmr#_yefra_z? acgif;av;ud ki H k hum _idr fIaeonf?
qdwfqdwfae_ci f ; _zi f h oabmwlajumi f ; _yovd ku fonf hoabmyi f ?
'gud kem;vnfaomfvnf; ud kr d kufu<fu 7pf_yefonf?
Þ a_ymygtkef; rdwm7- -erf;7rvm;- - ß
Þ [muGm- -a_ymp7mvd kao;vd k hvm; [Gef h ß
Þ vdkwmayg h? rif;r_iif;r S iguerf;7Jr Sm- - ß
158
Þ [Gef h- -uJ- -erf; erf;- -judKufovdk erf;- - ß
rdrdwmonf pdwfaygufaygufESif ha_ymcsvdkufonf? udkrd kufu<fu
onfvdka_ymonfudkyif tawmfoabmusoGm;onf? w[J[J7<faeonf?
Þ bm7<fwmvJ- - ß
Þ rdwmu cGi f hay;wmud k oabmusvd k hyg? uJ a[m'Dr Sm
erf;_yDa[h- - ß
udkrd kufu<fonf cyf_rL;_rL;av;a_ym7if; rdrdwmudk rdrd7ifcGifxJ
qG JayG honf? rdr dwmvnf; tvd kufoif hyi fygoGm;7m| ud kr d kufu<f>
ayG hzufrS KwGif aumhaumhav;_zpfoGm;onf?
ud kr d kufu<f>rsufESmonf rdrdwmay:od k h tkyfrd k ;usvmonf?
_y D ;awmh ol hE S Kwfcr f ;xljuD;rsm; _zi f h r dr dwm>ES Kwfcr f ;yg ;av;rsm;ud k
z duy fum cy f jur f ; jur f ;p ky f er f ;onf? y g ;u d ky J er f ;rn fxi fc J h aom
rdrdwmrSm yg;pyfpkyferf;cH7aomtcg tdk;ueJtoHxGufonf? udkrd kufu<f>
terf;u jurf;wrf;_yD;| 7ruf_yif;xefonf? udkrd kufu<f>7rufrD;awmuf
onf xdawGhaomESKwfcrf;rsm;rSwqifh rdrdwm>udk<fxJ "gwfqufovdk
159
p D ;0i fv $r f ; _c H K7m r dr dwmr Sm rsufawmi fav;ar S ;pi f ;IusoGm ;onf?
payGhzufump cyfawmifhawmifhcyfrmrm_zpfaeaom olr>udk<fcEWmrSmvnf;
aysm haysm hE G J hE G J hav;_zpfoGm;onf?
ud kr d kufu<fonf rdr dwmud kp ky fer f ;7i f ; wifyg;qH k juD;rsm;ud k
vSrf;udkifonf? tm;7yg;7zspf!Spfonf? zifudkifcGif hudkyif awmif;raeawmh?
Ed k htH krsm;ud kvnf; qkyfe<favao;onf? erf;vnf;erf;| ud ki fvnf;ud ki f
vky fonf?
tm;7y g ;7p ky f er f ; _y D ; y g ;py fc si f ;c G mv k du faomtcgw Gi fawm h
rdr dwmrSm 7ifzd karm[d kufum 7rufaZmawGvnf; Ed k ;xavmif_rd KufI
vm7avawmhonf?
Þ tdyfcef;xJ oGm;7atmifvm;- - ß
Þ [dk'if;- -tJ- -nm;wJhtxdawmh r7bl;aemf ß
rdr dwmuvnf; judKwifwm;_rpfcsufxkwfonf?
Þ pdwfcs? eifu oabmwlrvd kufavsm7if eif hud kigrvd k;bl; ß
160
ud kr d ku fu<fuwri fyi f wp fwp fc Gc Gpum;toH k ;tE S K e f ;r s m ;
oH k ;vd kufonf? ud kr d kufu<f> npfnpfywfywfoH k ;E S Ke f ;a_ymqd kr S Konf
rdrdwmud k tawmfav;pdwfvSKyf@ Sm;oGm;aponf? od k haomf b<favmuf
pdwfvSKyf@Sm;@Sm;| umrpyf<Sufonftxdawmh vdkufavsm_cif;vH k;0r_yK[k
rdr dwmu tck di ftrmqH k;_zwfvd kufonf?
tdy fce f ;xJoGm;juzd k hu d kawmh oabmwlc Gi f h _y Kvd kufavonf?
rD;z d kcef;xJrSm odyfraumif;r[kwfvm;?
Todk h _zif h ud kr d kufu<fESi f hr dr dwmwd k hE Sp fa<muf Øtys d Kcef;×av;
xJod k h a7mufoGm;juonf? rdrdwmtdyfaom wa<muftdyfcHwifay:wGif
ESp fa<mufom;twl<SOfum wuftdyfjuonf?
cHwifay:a7mufawmh udkrd kufu<fu rdrdwmudk tomodkif;zufum
erf ; _ye fonf? yg;py fc si f ; awhuyfp ky fer f ; _ci f ;yi f _zp fonf? od k haomf
r D ;z d kce f ;xJr Sm pky fer f ;c J hovd kawmh jurf;jurf;wrf;wrf;r[kwfawmh?
nifomonf? rdrdwm>ESKwfcrf;yg;av;rsm;ud k ar#mhaoG;pkyfovdk r#if;I
p ky fay;onf? vufuvnf; u_ri f ;onf? zsp f!Sp fqky fe<f _ci f ;r s d K ;
rvkyfawmh? tomt<m ud ki fwG<fyGwfoyfonf? Ed k htH kud k cyfz Gz G
ud ki fy Gwfay;onf? wifyg;om;juD;rsm;ud kyif qkyfud ki fonf? nifnif
161
omomav; ud k i fw G< fy Gw foy fr S K _ zp f aom fvnf ; ynmom;y gum
pepfusaomajumif h rdrdwmwa<muf juufoD;awGx_yD;7if;xonf?
Ed k hud ktkyfe<fae7if; tay:0wftuFs Dud kcÈwfonf? zifud ky Gwfay;
ae7mr S xrDud kqG Jc Èwfcsonf? xrDcÈwfwmud k wm;_rp fz d k hud kawmh
rdrdwm pdwful;rdao;onf? odk haomf twGif;cHabmif;bD@S daeao;wmyJ[k
pOf;pm;um ruef huGufawmh? rdrdwm>xrDuÈwfum cHwifatmufod k h
usonf? twGif;cHabmif;bD@S daeao;I apmufzkwfawmhray:? aygifwef
juD;awGuawmh azG;_zLIaeavonf?
ud kr d kufu<fu twGif;c Habmif;bDud k qG JcÈwfrnf_yKaomtcg
rdrdwmu uref;uwef;yifqG Jxm;vd kufonf?
Þ [if htif;- -[if htif;- -tJ'gawmh rcÈwfeJ h- - ß
Þ rdwmuvnf;uGm- -eif hapmufywfud kjunfh@ k Hav;wifyg [
rvdk;bl;? bmrSpd k ;7 dr fraeeJ h- - ß
ud kr d kufu<fu 7Ed li for#uyfESL;aeonf?
162
Þ [m- -rjunfhe J h- - ß
Þ eifuvnf;[m- -'Davmuf rwGef hwd kprf;ygeJ h? apmufywfawmh
_yyg[m- -junfhcsifvGef;vd k hyg- - ß
aps;qpfae_yefao;onf? wufrvdk;ygbl;[kvnf; uwdtwefwef
ay;ae7m rdrdwmrSm tav#mhay;vd kufavsmvd kuf7avonf?
Þ junfh@k Hom junfh7rSmaemf? wufrvkyf7bl; ß
Þ pdwfcs- -pdwfcs- - ß
Þ tomz<fae- -uÈefr _yr<f- - ß
ud kr d kufu<fu aemufod k hud k<fud k@ k d hay;onf?
rdrdwmonf twGif;cHabmif;bDud k atmufodk hav#mcsI tzkwfudk
_rifomatmif az:vSpf_yvd kufonf?
ud kr d kufu<fu olrapmufywfud k wjudrfususee_rifc J hjunfhc J h
163
_yD;_yrd k h tckaemufwcg xyf_yovdkuf_cif;_zpfonf?
Þ a[m- -eif htzkwfrSm apmufar$;awmifaygufp_yKaeyga7mvm;?
[k dwcg igjunfhc J h7wkef;uvdk uwkef;a_ymifav;r[kwfawmhbl;- - ß
ud kr d kufu<fu twGif;c Habmif;bDtqG Jcsvd kufI txif;om;
ay:vmaom rdrdwm>apmufzkwfjuD;ud k rsufvH k;juD;_yL;um pl;pd kuf
junf h7if;a_ymonf?
[kwfy gonf? <ckr dr dwm>apmufywfwGi f apmufar $ ;r sm ;
aygufaeygonf? aygufump_zpfaomajumif h odyfawmhr@SnfvSao;?
_yD;awmh EkEk@ G@ Gav;? cyfa7;a7;om@S dao;onf? udkr k dufu<frsufaph
pl;aomajumif hom aygufump apmufar$;EkE kcyfa7;a7;rsm;ud k awGh_rif
_cif;_zpfonf? rdrdwmud k<fwd ki fyifv#if rdrdtzkwfwGif tar$;pIaygufae
onfud k rodao;yg? uk dr d kufu<fhpum;oHjum;7rS tomiH k h junfhr d7m
apmufar$;cyfa7;a7;ud k _rif7onf? @Sufovdkvd k _zpfum rsufESmeD7JoGm;
onf? aumifrav;rsufESmeD7JoGm;onfud kvnf; ieJom;u_rifonf?
Þ atmifr<fav;- -@Sufraeprf;yge J h? eif ht@G<f apmufar$;
paygufwm rqef;ygbl;? aemufqd k 'Dxufyd k@ Snfvmtkef;r Sm? aygifav;
164
enf;enf;avmufum;vd kufprf;? _ytkef;[m- -? tar$;aygufpapmufzkwf
av;ud k aoaocsmcsmjunfhyg7ap- - ß
wwd,yd ki f;ar#m fyg?
165
Þ tar_yD;awmh orD;(3) ß
Þ atmifr<fav;- -@Sufraeprf;ygeJ h? eif ht@G<f apmufar$;
paygufwm rqef;ygbl;? aemufqd k 'Dxufyd k@ Snfvmtkef;rSm? aygifav;
enf;enf;avmufum;vd kufprf;? _ytkef;[m- -? tar$;aygufpapmufzkwf
av;ud k aoaocsmcsmjunfhyg7ap- - ß
Ad kvfjuufacs;ud kr d kufu<fu yg;pyfua_ym7if; vufuvnf;
r dr dwm>ay gi fwe f ju D ;E Sp f c ku d kq G JI um;o Gm ;avatmi fv ky fonf ?
rdr dwmrSm rdr dtzkwfwGi f tar$;pwifaygufaerS Kajumif h @G H hwGe f hwGe f h
_zp faeaom fvnf; tzkwfud k _yxm; _y D ; _y Dr d k h tar $ ;aygufaewmud k
junfhcsifvnf;junfhapawmh[k tom_idrfIaeonf? twGif;cHabmif;bD
av;udk aygiftv<favmuftxdqGJcsay;xm;7m| xdkabmif;bDav;u'
wkwfxm;ovdkrs d K ;r d k h rdr dwm>aygifE Sp facsmif;r Sm odyfus<fus<fawmh
qG Jum;Ir7? udkr k dufu<fu um;I7El di favmufonfhtwdki f;twmtxd
awmh vkyf<lonf? aygufump apmufar$;EkEkuav;rsm; cyfa7;a7;
@ S daeavaomapmufz kwfud k ususeeyifuke f ;Ijunf honf? junf hvd k h
uvnf; aumif;vSonf?
u d k r d ku fu<fr S m tju Htze f aumi f ;o lwa<muf _zp f ay7m
166
r d e f ; r a p mu f z kw fon f o l htw Gu ftx l ;tqe f ; r[ kw f awm h y g ?
Armrapmufz kw f | w@ kwfu_ym;rapmufz kw f | ukvm;rapmufz kw f |
@ S r f ; rapmu fz kw fw d k homru ol hv d k A d kv f juufac s ; u_ym ;rr s m ;>
apmufzkwfwd k hud kyif vd k;z l;_rifzl;onf?
odk h7mwGif <ckrdrdwm>apmufzkwfvdk apmufar$;pwifaygufump
av;rs d K ;ud kawmh r_ri fz l ;ao;yg? 'gajumif hvnf; rsufvH k ; _yL; _y Jum
tm;7yg;7ud k junf haeonf? uk dr d kufu<ftjunf hp l ;vGe f ;aomajumif h
r dr dwmrSm @SufIvmonf? tcs de ftjumjuD;vnf; tzkwfaz:_yrxm;vd k
aomajumi f h aygi fv<favmufqG Jc sxm;aomtwGi f ;c Habmi f ;b Dud k
tay:od k h _yefqG Jwifum tzkwfud kz H k ;tkyfoGm;atmifvkyfvd kufonf?
junf haumif;aumif;E Si f h junf haeaomud kr k dufu<frSm rcsi f hr7J
_zpfoGm;onf?
Þ abmif;bDcÈwfxm;ygvm; [m? eifuvJ- - ß
Þ td k- -tJ'gawmh cÈwfrxm;bl;? 0wfxm;r<f ß
Þ ei f hu d k i gwufrv d k ; y gb l ;v d k h uwday ;xm ;wmy J[m?
167
bmajumufp7m@S dvJ? cÈwfxm;prf;yg? tzkwfud k junfh7wmayg h ß
ud kr d kufu<fu aps;qpfaeao;onf?
Þ uÈwf- -' Davmufjunf h77i f awm f _y D ? r7awmhbl ; ?
usefwmyJvkyf- - ß
rdrdwmu t_ywf_iif;onfhtwGuf udkr d kufu<fvnf; qufaps;
qpfraeawmh? onfaeh rdrdwmESif ha_yvnf7ef tpys d K ;onfhaehr[kwf
y gvm; ? w_znf ; _zn f ;E Si f h aumi frav;ud ku s H K ;o Gi f ;q G J aqmi fum
tc Gi f hta7;7onfxuf7atmi f ze fw D ;< lrn f[ kp dw fu l ;xm;onf ?
<ckvnf; ody fawm hrqd k ;y g ? apmufz kwfud k junf hoi f hoavmuf
junfhcJ h7_yD;_yD? apmufzkwfuvGJI usefonfhae7mawGudk 7Ed li foavmuf
tcGif hta7;<lud ki fwG<ftoHk;csxm;rnf[k pdwful;onf?
Þ apmufzkwfr_y7ifvnf; aeygav? Ed k hud kawmh rwGef hwd ke J h[m
aemf? t_ywfaz:_yay; [kwfvm;? b7mpD<mcÈwfvd kufr<f- - ß
udkrd kufu<fxHrS aiGwaxmif7rnfrd k h rdrdtae_zifh udk<ftay:yd kif;
ud kawmh ud kr d kufu<ftvd kusoH k ;E d li f7e f cGi f h _yKr S _zp frnf[k rdr dwm
168
em;vnfonf? onfavmufrScGi f hr_yKv#if ud kr d kufu<fu aiGwaxmif
ay;awmhrnfr[kwf? _yD;awmh rdrdwm>Ed k hawGud k <cifuvnf; ud kr d kuf
u<fu tyDud ki fwG<fqkyfe<fzl;c J h _y D;_y Dr[kwfygvm;? tckxyftudki fc H
7wm rqef;awmhyg?
Þ 7w<f- -cÈwfcsif cÈwfav- - ß
rdr dwmu b7mpD<mcÈwfrSmud kruef huGufyJ oabmwlcGi f h _yK
vd kufonf?
ieJom;uvnf; vuf_refovm;rar;eJ h? rdrdwmoabmwlonf
qdkonfESif h _zKwfqdkaumifrav;b7mpD<m>aemufausmcs dwfud k_zKwfum
cÈwfc Gmyp fvd kufonf? rdr dwm> tay:0wftuF s Dc Èwfxm;_y D ; _zp f7m
b7mpD<mz<fcGmvd kufonfESif h Ed k htH kjuD;ESpfc k txif;om;ay:vmonf?
t@ G<fE Si f hrvd ku fatmi f r d k h0e f ;q l _z d K ;aeavaom 7i fom;E Sp fr $ mr Sm
rufarmp7mjuD;yg? ud kr d kufu<fonf Ed k htH kjuD;ESp fc kud k t7ifpl;p l;7J7J
tm;remwrf;junfhonf? _yD;r S nmbufEd k htH kud k vufESif hud ki f!Spfv#uf
b<fbufEd k hoD;acgif;ud kawmh yg;pyf_zif hukef;p d k honf?
Þ td k;- -[if h[if h- - ß
169
Ed k hoD;pd k h | Ed k htH ke<fcH7aomtcg aumifrav;yg;pyfrS nnf;oHav;
oJ hoJ hay:xGufonf? rdr dwmrSm aoG;om;ql_z d K ;aom tys d K _zp fump
t@G<frd k h rxdvd kufESi f h | xdvd kufwmESif hr D ;y Gi f hvm7avonf?
ud kr d kufu<fonf nmvuf_zif hE d k htH kud kud ki f | yg;pyf_zif hE d k hoD;p d k h
vky fae7mrS b<fvuf_zi f h r dr dwm>aygi fc G jum;r SapmufywfjuD;ud k
vSr f ;Iud ki fy Gwf_yefonf?
r dr dwmu ud kr d kufu<f>apmufywfud ki fy Gwfvmaomvufud k
csufcsif;qG Jz<fypfvd kufum- -
Þ [dwf- -tJ' gud k rud ki fe J hav? awmf _y Dvd k ha _ymxm;wJ h
OpPm- - ß
xd kr#ru Ed k hud ki f | Ed k hoD;pky fc Hae7mrSvnf; @ke f;xGufvd kufonf?
Þ rvkyfyge J hqd kwmud k 'Dvd krs d K ;vkyfaer<fqd k7ifawmh qufr7
awmhbl;? _yefayawmh- - ß
cyf_ywf_ywfvnf; a_ymvd kufonf?
170
wu<fawmh udkr d kufu<fu tzkwfud kvSrf;ud ki fy Gwfvd kufaom
tcg rdr dwmrSm wud k<fvH k ;" gwfvd kufovd k _z d K ;ueJzse f ;ueJ _zp fum
z DvifawG tawmfud kwufvmonf? xd kod k hz Dvi fwufvmr S Kajumi f h
_i dr fc Haev#i f ud kr d ku fu<fu yd kuJvmum| aemufqH k ; r dr dvnf;
pdwfrxdef;Ed li fawmhyJ twm;tqD;r@S d tukeftpH k_zpfcsif7mawG_zpfoGm;rnf
p d k ;aomajumif h tpyd ki f ;wGi fyi fzr f ;I t_ywfb7dwftky fyp fvd kuf _ci f ;
_zpfonf? todt_rif enf;enf;@S dp_yKvmaomrdrdwmtae_zif h rdrduk d<f
rdr d tcs de fr Dxdef;vd kuf_cif;_zponf[k qdk7ayvdrh frnf?
ud kr d ku fu<fonf aoG ;wd k ;pr f ; _ci f ;om_zp fay7m r dr dwmu
a_ymqdkuef huGufvmaomtcg twif;rvkyfawmh? onfaumifrav;ud k
tcs d Koyfum 7or#ud kom<l_cif;utaumif;qH k ;[k oluoabmyd kuf
xm;avonf?
Þ at;yg[m- -ei fc Gi f hr _yKwm igvvH k ;0rvky fawmhygbl ;?
tay:yd ki f ;ud kawmh eifvd kufavsmr<fr[kwfvm; ß
xd kod k ha_ym_yD;onfESi f h ud kr d kufu<fhvufESp fbufu rdrdwm>
7ifom;rsm;ay:od k h a7mufvmju_ye fonf? cyfwif ;wif ;ud ki f!Sp f7m
aumifrav; rsufeSmrJ hwJ hwJ hav;_zpfonf? Ed k hud ki fjurf;onfrd k h emonf?
171
odk haomf rdrd>7ifom;rsm;ud k pdwfjudKufoH k ;E d li fajumif;cGi f h _yKxm;onfrd k h
_i dr fc Haeonf? tdxGm;aomEd k htH kjuD;rsm;ud k ud ki fupm;7onfrSmaumif;vS
onfr d k h ud kr d kufu<fu y<fy<fe<fe<fyi f qG Jud ki fz sp f!Sp fonf?
Ed k hoD;acgif;rsm;ud kvnf; vufrESif hy Gwfacsvd kuf| vuf!Sd K;e J hvufr!Syfum
qGJvd kuf| yg;pyfESi f hukef;p d k hvd kuf| @SmESi f hxd k ;7ufvd kuf t_ywfud kvkyfae
onf? Ed k hud ki fjurf;aomtcg Ed k htH kom;rsm; emIusifoGm;aomfvnf;
rjumrDr Smyi f xd kod k hememjuifjuif _zp f7r S Kuyif t7omwrs d K ;t_zpf
rdr dwm om<mIvmonf? xdkajumif h ud kr d kufu<fEd k hud ki fjurf;rS Kud k
bmr#a_ymqd kuef huGuf_cif; r_yKawmh? ud kr d kufu<fvkyfor# vd kufavsm
c Gi f h _y Kxm;vd kufonf? ud kr d ku fu<fp d k hay; | y GwfqG Jay;r S Kwd k hajumi f h
r dr dwm> b<fnmEd k ho D ;acgi f ;E Sp fc kvH k ;vnf; aumhaxmifjuGwufI
vmjuav_yD?
twefjumr# rdrdwm>rd k h0ef;tdxGm;avaom Ed k htH kjuD;ESp fc kud k
tm;remwrf ; ud ki fw G<fqky fe<fupm; _y D ;aemuf ud kr d ku fu<fonf
ol hud k<fay:rSt0wftpm;rsm;ud k cÈwfypfvd kufavawmhonf? twGif;cH
abmif;bDav;rSvG JI bmt0wftpm;r#r@S dawmhyJ 0wfvpfpvpf_zpfvk
e D ;y g ;@ S daeaomr dr dwmonf c Hwifay:wGi fyufvufvS J7i f ; rsufp dud k
p H kr S dwfxm;onf? rsufvH k ;r S dwfxm;I bmr#r_rifaomfvnf; ud kr d kufu<f
t0wfawGcÈwfaeajumif;ud kawmh aumifrav;odaeonf? onfvljuD;
172
t0wfawG tukefvH k ;a_ymif@ Si f ;oGm;atmifud k cÈwfypfr Smvm;[kvnf;
q<fausmfouft@G<f rde f ;ri<fav;wd k h>pyfp kr S K _zif h odcsi faeonf?
'gayr<fh rsufaphawmh zGif hIrjunfh7J? ud kr d kufu<fud k<fvH k ;wD;juD;
_zpfaerSmud kjunfhz d k hawmh rsufaph@Sufaeao;onf?
ud kr d ku fu<fuawmh t0wftm;vH k ;ud k cÈwfyp fvd ku fonf?
ol>iyJjuD ;uvnf; rwfrwfjuD ;awmi fIaeonf? ud kr d ku fu<f>
vD;uvnf; tawmfudkjuD;onf? rwfawmifaecsdefwGif t@Snfq<fvufr
eD;e D; | vH k;ywfu usyfvH k ;avmufud k@ S donf?
ud kr d ku fu<fonf A d kv f juufac s ; _zp faom fvnf ; tom;u
odyfrrnf;? vD;acsmif;juD;uawmh eufa_ymifaeonf? ta7_ym;vS D;_zwf
xm;aomajumi f h taxGtxl ;'p faz:aep7mrvd k ? vD ;'p f ju D ;onf
e D7 J _y Jve fv d k h aeonf? xd k h _yi fie Jom;u tar $ ;tr#i fvnf ;xlonf?
vD;ar$;awGuvnf; rsm;vSonf? oefvSonf? qD;pyfw0d kuf awmx
aeovm;[kyif xif7onf?
t0wfawGtukefcÈwf_yD;aemuf udkr d kufu<fonf cHwifay:od k h
ud k<fvH k ;wD;juD;wufvmonf? rdrdwmESif h<SOfum tdyfonf? aumifr
av;ud k od ki f;zufonf? rdrdwmursufvH k;ud k pH kr S dwfxm;_rJrS dwfxm;onf?
173
ud k<fcE Wmcsi f ;xdawG hr d ju7m ud kr d kufu<fud k<fwH k ;vH k ; _zp faeajumif ;
aumifrav;odvd kufonf? tqdk;qH k ;xdawG hr S Kuawmh ud kr d kufu<f>
rwfawmi f aeaomv D ; ju D ;E S i f h [ d kx d k ;on faxmu f _zp f ae _ci f ; yi f ?
r dr dwmonf iyJjuD;E Si f h rxdraxmufrd7atmifatmif ud k<fud k@ k d hI
twwfEd li fqH k ;a@Smifygao;onf? od k haomf wa<muftdyfcHwifay:wGif
E Sp f a<muftwl< SO ft dy fv #u f zufzu fay G h ay G hv ky fae7onf ht_yi f
ud kr d kufu<fuvnf; rxdxdatmif wrifvd kufIwd k;ae7m b<fvd kr S
a@Smifvdk hr7? xdrdonf? wdk;rdonf? axmufrdonf? aumifrav;rSmvnf;
7ifwzk dz d k | tonf;wat;at;ESif h _zpfIaeavonf?
yaxG;E Si f hr dci fwd k h> umra7<mOfajuma_rmaejuyH k _ri fuGi f ;
wd k honf rsufaphpH kr S dwfxm;aomrdrdwm>tm@k HwGif xif@Sm;pGm_rifa<mif
vmonf? bmajumif hrsm;onfvd ktcs de ftcgwGi f onf_rifuGi f ;awGud k
_rifa<mifvm7oenf;[k rdrdwmrSm rdrdudk<frdrdtHhjordonf? r_rifa<mif
_cif;@S d7avatmif twif;cs d K ;E S dr fz<f@Sm;ypfonf? r7?
onftwd ki f ;qd kv#i f rdr dp dwfud kr dr d jumv#ifrxde f ;E d li fawmhy J
7rufaZmtm@k Haemufod k h wd k;0ifygoGm;rdr Smud k rdrdwmawG;Iajumufvm
onf? xd ko d k haomta_ctaers d K ;rqd kufr D Zmwfvrf ;ud kwpce f ;7y fr S
_zpfrnf?
174
Þ rawmfao;bl;vm; @Sif- - ß
rdrdwmu tm;<luma_ymvd kufonf? toHav;u cyfwkefwkef?
Þ [m- -eif hE d k hawG| zifjuD;awGu t_ywfud ki fvd k haumif;ae
wmudk;[- -b<fawmfEd li ftkef;r SmvJ- - ß
Þ b<fawmh_yD;rSmvJ [if- - ß
udkrd kufu<fupOf;pm;vdkuf7m tuGufaumif;wckudk oGm;_rifonf?
Þ ' guawm h x H k ; p Htw d k i f ; ay g h[- -ar ;ae7ao;vm ; ?
eifuvJ- - ß
Þ b<fvd kxH k ;p HvJ@Si f- -td k- -td k- - ß
xd kod k har;vd kufpOf vD;acsmif;juD;u zifjum;xd k ;axmufvmI
rdrdwm a<mif<rf;a7@Gwfvd kufonf? twGif;cHabmif;bDjum;cHaeaomf
vnf; vD;tawGhonf ptd k0ud k <m;usdus dy laEG;aEG;_zpfoGm;aponf?
175
Þ odcsif7if a_ym_yr<f? aoaocsmcsmrSwfxm;? igwd k ha<mufsm;
awGtwGuf vD;xJuv7nfawGxGufrS udpP_yD;wm? rxGufoa@G hawmh
r_y D ;ao;bl ;? tckei f hu d k wufrcs7bl;qd kawmh ig hr SmvD ;awmi f _y D ;
v7nfrxGufyJ 'kuQawGhae7w<f? ß
a_yma_ymqd kqd kud kr d kufu<fonf rdrdwm>wifyg;om;juD;em;od k h
vD;awhuyfum aumhxd k;vd kufonf? wifjuD;ud k vD;ESi f hy Gwfxd k ;ovdkrs d K ;
_zpf7m rdrdwm 7ifawGyef;awGwkefoGm;onf?
Þ [dk- -'if; rvkyfyJ w_cm;enf;eJ h xGufatmifaumvkyfvd k h
r7bl;vm;@Sif- - ß
udkrd kufu<f> erf;udkifES d Kufpd k hyGwfoyfrSKrsm;cHae7onfudk wpcef;
owfvd kvS_yD_zpfaomrdrdwmu ar;vd kufrdonf?
ud kr d ku fu<f htjud Ku fay g h ? ie Jom;u ' Dv d ktar;pum;r s d K ;
jum;csi faewmuvm;?
Þ [m- -@S dwmayg h[? ig hvD;ud k eif hyg;pyfe J hp ky fay;ygvm;- - ß
176
rdrdwm>pdwftm@kHwGif yaxG;udkoef;[efudk rdcif_zpfolcifaracsmu
vD ;p ky f ay ;aey H k _ ri fu Gi f ;r s m ; _ywf _yw fxi fxi f _ri fa<mi fvmonf?
pdwfvSKyf@ Sm;vmrSKESi f htwl pufqkyf@G H@ Smajumufvef hr S Kud kvnf; _yd Ki fwl
cHpm;7onf? a[m- -apmufywfxJuvnf; bmajumif ht7nfjunfawG
yd k@ $r f ;p d kxGufusaewmygvdrf h?
Þ [if htif;- -[if htif;- -rpkyfbl;- - ß
rdrdwmonf uref;uwef;yif _iif;qefvd kufonf? xdkenf;wl
u d k r d ku fu< fE S i f h y l ; y l ;uy fuy f @ S d a e7mr Svn f ; ro dromc G mon f ?
u d k r d k u fu< fu v $w f r a y ; ? twi f ; y i f zu f Ix m ;on f ?
Þ eifu vD;rpkyfcsifbl;vm; [ ß
Þ td k- -pkyfcsifygbl;- -awmf_yD- -awmf_yD- -z<f ß
aumifrav; @kef;xGufonf? udkr d kufu<fu onfwcgawmh
twif;qG Jrxm;? z<fv$wfay;vd kufonf?
Þ eif hud k aiGwaxmifawmifay;xm;wm? ighud kudpP_yD;atmifawmh
177
eifu wenf;enf;e J hvky fay;rSayg h[- -'Dr Smjunf hygtke f ;? ig hvD;juD;
t7rf;awmifaewmudk- - ß
ud kr d kufu<fu trSwfwrJ hvd kvd kE Si f h vrf; _yqG Jaqmifpum;
a_ymvd kufonf? xd kpum;onf tawmfud kxda7mufonf? rdrdwmrSm
tvdktav#mufyif rSdwfxm;aomrsufaphudkzGif hum udkrd kufu<faygifcGjum;
ud kvSrf;junfhr donf?
rwfrwfjuD;awmifaeaom vD;juD;ud k _ri f7onf? rnf;rnf;
wkwfwkwf | 'pfjuD;e D7 J _y Jtmvefv#uf tar$ ;awGwzGm;z Gm;@ S daeaom
xdkvD;juD;>_rifuGif;onf tysd Krav;ud k pdwfawG~a<mifacsmufcsm;yif
_zpfoGm;aponf?
Þ udki fjunfhprf;ygvm;? rm_yD;awmifaew<fav ß
udkr d kufu<fu wqifhwufuma_ym_yefonf?
rdrdwm>nmvufonf vD;ud kqkyfud ki fawmhrnfuJ hod k h vSrf;vif h
vmonf? od k haomf csufcsif;yifvuf_yef@kwfum- -
178
Þ [m- -rudki fcsifygbl;- - ß
Þ 'Dr<f rdwm? igaemufqHk;pum;a_ymr<f? eifu apmufywfvnf;
tvdk;rcH| vD;ud k yg;pyfe J hvnf;pkyfray;bl;qd kawmh wckyJ@S dawmhw<f?
ig hud k v7nfxGufvmatmif ~Gif;wd kufay;- -? 'Dvd kr Svkyfray;Ed li fbl;
qd k7ifawmh eif hud k yd kufqHray;Ed li fawmhbl;? waxmifay;7if zifukef;
ay;r<fhr de f;rawG yH kvd k h? olwd k hqDyJ oGm;awmhr<f- - ß
wu<fawmhud kr d kufu<fonf onftwd ki f ; _ye foGm;7efp dwful;
r@S dyg? <cka_ymvdkufaompum;rsm;onf aumifrav;udkwbufvSnfhESif h
y7d<m<fqif usH K;oGif;onfhpum;rsm;om_zpfonf? ud kr d kufu<fonf
rdrdwmwudk<fvH k ;ud k ud ki fwG<fyGwfoyfxd k ;E S d Kufpdwfwd ki f ;us_yKvkyf_yD;_y D
_zpf7m yd kufqHray;bJ onftwdki f;_yefoGm;ygu udkr d kufu<fbufu
tEd li fe Si f ht_ywfyd ki f ;vd kufovdk@ S daeonfrd k h rdrdwmu rcHcsif? tvum;
yJwif;oabmrs d K ; | rdr dtdr fay:r Smae7if ; tud ki ftwG<ftES d Kufc H7wm
_zpfoGm;rnf? 'Dvd kawmh rdrdwmt_zpfrcHEd li f?
rdrd>tom;rsm;udk udkrd kufu<f>iyJacsmif;juD;eSif h xdk;rdaxmufrd
cJ h _yD;_zpf7m xdkvD;juD;ud k vufESif hud ki f~Gif;wd kufay;7wmawmh odyfta7;
vky fp7mr@ S d[ k awG ;r donf? _y D ;awm h r dr d>aoG ;om;awGuvnf;
179
tawmfud kxef_yif;Ed k ;juGae7m pdwfud k rxdef;Ed li fodrf;r7r_zpfcif udpP
_ywfoGm;atmifvky fz d k hvnf; vd ktyfaeonf? r[kwf7if tm;vH k ;@ S Ky f
ukefrnf?
xd kajumif h- -?
Þ vm- -vkyfay;r<f ß
rdrdwmu tHjudwfum| toH_ywf_ywfESi f ha_ymvd kufonf?
Þ bmvkyfay;rSmvJ? vD;pkyfay;rvd k hvm; ß
Þ uÈwf- -oGm;prf;yg? tJ'gawmh woufvH k;rvkyfbl; ß
Þ ~Gif;wd kufay;rSmvm; ß
r dr dwmu bmr#ra_ym? ud kr d kufu<f>vD;acsmi f ;juD;ud kom
nmvuf_zif h vSrf;qkyfud ki fvd kufonf? _yD;awmh cyfoGufoGufvufud k
vS Ky f@ Sm ;onf? ud kr d kufu<fud k ~ Gi f ;wd kufay;onf? ud koef ;[efud k
cifaracsmu ~Gif;wd kufay;aerSKrsm;ud k rdrdwmacsmif;junfhawGh_rifxm;7m
180
~Gif;b<fvd kwk dufay;7onfud k em;vnfonf?
udpP_ref_ref_y D; _ywfvd kaomajumif h rdrdwmonf ud kr d kufu<fud k
cyf_ref_ref | cyfoGufoGuf| cyf_yif;_yif;yif ~Gif;wd kufay;onf? vD;wef
vH k ;ywfud k vufacsmif;rsm;_zif hqkyfud ki fum txufatmufvSKyf@ Sm;ay;rS K
E Si f htwl vD;'pf_yJvefjuD;ud kvnf; vufrESif hz dum yGwfay;ao;onf?
yaxG;ESif hr dcifwd k h> _yKrlvkyfaqmifrS Krsm;ud k twk_riftwwfoifqd kovdk
enf;<lvkyfay;onfrd k h rdrdwm>~Gif;wd kufay;rSKonf tawmfud kxdrdonf?
pepfvnf; usonf? udkrd kufu<ftzdk hrSmawmh tHwjudwfjudwf_zpfatmifudk
t7omawGhI aeavonf?
Þ ei fu ~ G i f ; aumi f ; aumi f ;w d ku fww fwmy Ju d k ; [?
ei f ~ G i f ;w d ku f ay ;wm t_yw f r dw< fu G m- -wu<fy J - -' g e J h
eifu b<fvd kvkyf_yD; ~Gif;aumif;aumif;wd kufay;wwfaewmvJ- - ß
ud kr d kufu<fonf rdr dwm~Gi f ;xkay;wmud k zDvif<lt7omcH
ae7if;rS ar;onf? rdrdwm> Ed k hawGzifawGud kvnf; vSrf;ud ki f | vSrf;yGwf
vkyfavao;onf? rdrdwmu udkr d kufu<far;wmudkra_z? wu<fawmh
olronf yaxG;ESi f hr dcifwd k h tcspfyvl;juyH ktvH k;p H kud k acsmif;junfh7mrS
~ Gi f ;w d ku fay;y H k ay ;enf ;u d k twk _ri ftwwfoi fE d l i fc J h _ ci f ; _zp fonf?
181
onftajumif;ud k b<fvd kvkyfxkwfaz:a_ym_yvd k h _zpfEd li fygrnfenf;?
Þ {uEW aumifrav;7nf;pm;@ S dae_y D ; 7nf;pm;ud k~ Gi f ;xkay;
aewmajumif h wwfaewm_zpf7r<f ß
ud kr d kufu<fu a_ymvm_yefonf?
rdrdwmrSm umrrSKESif hywfoufI tawmfav;odem;vnfaeonfrSm
rSe faomfvnf; 7nf;pm;awmh rxm;zl;ao;yg? _yD;awmh ud kr d kufu<f>
a_ymyH ku tawmfud k7if hay7m| rdrdwmpdwfxJ axmif;ueJ_zpfvmonf?
Þ uÈwf- -b<fuvm 7nf ;pm;@ S d7r SmvJ ? @ Si f htxi fe J h
t7rf;a_ymraeeJ h odvm; ß
rdrdwmu _idrfraeawmhyJ _yefyufonf?
Þ at;av- -r@S dbl ;qd k7i fvnf; r@S dbl ;y Jayg h ? 'gayr<f h
ei f ~ Gi f ;aumi f ;aumi f ;wd kufay;aewwfwmuawmh trSe fy J ? tJ' g
b<fvd kvkyf wwfaewmvJ? a_ymprf;ygtke f;? bmvJ? eif hyaxG;ud k
eif htaru ~Gif;xkay;wmudk | eifu acsmif;junfh_yD;- - ß
182
Þ awmfprf;- -wdwf- - ß
ud kr d kufu<fu rdr dwmud k Øp×onf htae_zif h a_ymvd kuf_cif ;
_zpfaomfvnf; rdrdwmrSm td k;rvH ktH ky Gi f hum| rsufaphrsufESmysufv#uf
qwfue Jatm fv d ku fonf ? ud k r d ku fu<fu d k ~ Gi f ;w d ku fay ;aeaom
vufud kvnf; a_zv$wf_yef@kwfodrf;vd kufonf?
Þ 'Dr<f- -@Sif hyg;pyf ydwfxm;rvm;| rxm;bl;vm;? 'Du
taumi f ;v ky f ay ;ae7i f tom_i d r f _ y D ; ae ? awma _ymawmi f a _ym
vkyfraeeJ h? 'gqd k @Sife J huÈefr t_ywfyJ ß
@ Sufa' go_zi f h r dr dwmu qufIaumonf? aumi frav;
t_ywfaumaeajumif; 7dyfrdonfhtwGuf udkrd kufu<fuvnf; quf7pf
raeawmhay?
Þ ra_ymawmhygbl; [m- -vmyg? ig hud k v7nfxGufatmifom
~Gif;aumif;aumif;qufwd kufay;yg ß
Þ yg;pyfydwfxm;7r<faemf ß
183
Þ tif;- -tif;- -ydwfxm;yg hr<f ß
Þ t7pf@Snfjunfh? wcgwnf; t_ywfyJ? odvm; ß
rdrdwmonf cyfaqmif haqmif hav;a_ymum udkrd kufu<fhvD;ud k
~ Gi f ;wd kufay;7e f _zwfueJvuf_zi fqky fvd kufonf? tud ki f jurf ;um
wif;wif;juyfjuyfrd k h ud kr d kufu<fzifwGef honf? od k haomf bmr#awmh
ra_ymyJ vD;atmif hovdkvd k _zpfoGm;wmudk judwfcHonf?
a' gox Gu faeaom r d r dwmuvnf ; u d k r d ku fu< f hv D ;u d k
cy fwi f ;wi f ; yi fq ky fum o Gu fvu fp G m~ G i f ;t _yw fw d ku f ay ;on f ?
apmapmuxuf y d k _re fonf? y d kIvnf; xdr donf? ud kr d ku fu<f
tHwjudwfjudwf_zpfaeonf? ~Gi f ;wd kufay;wm yD_yifvSaomajumif h
u d kr d ku fu<fr Sm jumjumqufrxde f ;xm;E d l i fawm h ? okwf7nfr sm ;
ye f ;x Gu fu ke f avawm honf ? ye f ;x Gu faomo kw f7n ftr sm ;p konf
rdrdwm>7ifbwfESif h 0rf;ysOfom;ay:okd husonf? Edk htH krsm;udk okwf7nfawG
ayus Huke fonf? wcs d K hwavuawmh aumi frav;>rsufE Smay:od k h
usonf? aEG;aw;aw;| pD;uyfuyf| yspfcÈ JcÈ Jokwf7nfawG ayusH7onfh
twGuf rdrdwmrSm ESmacgif;@ S H K hrsufESmrJ hoGm;onf? ~Gif;wd kufay;aeaom
vufud kvnf; z<f@kwfvd kufonf?
184
Þ [m- -ig hv7nfawG eif hud k<fay:ayukef_yD? tm;emvd kufwm
rdwm7m- - ß
'gu yg;pyfr Swrifoufouf ØyJ ×rsm;_cif ;yg? aumifrav;>
tom;rsm ;ay:od k h okwf7nfawGusatmi f ye f ;xkwfay;vd ku f7r S Kud k
ieJom;u tawmfud koabmusESpf_c d KufIaeygonf?
Þ uÈwf- -'DrSm tukefayukef_yD? odyfnpfpkwfwmyJ? ß
r dr dwmu rausrey fa_ymum| xrDud kaumuf<l _y D ;7i fvsm;
vd kufonf?
Þ igu wrifvkyfwm r[kwfygbk l;[m? vD;xdyfuyef;xGufawmh
'Dvd ky J ayusHukefwmayg h? okwfypfvd kuf7if 7ygw<f ß
Þ uJ- -@Sif hudpP_yD;_yDr[kwfvm;? juGayawmh- -a7mh- -
@Sif ht0wfawG- -_ref_ref0wf_yD; _ref_refjuGayawmh- - ß
r dr dwmu ud kr d ku fu<fcÈwfc sxm;aom t0wftpm;r sm ;ud k
aumuf<lyp faygufay;vd kufonf? ud kr d kufu<fu w[J[J7<f7i f ;
185
t0wfawGud k <l0wfonf? t0wfawG0wf_yD;aomtcg yd kufqHtdwfxJrS
ig;7mwefESpfcsyfudkqGJxkwfumrdrdwmudk 7uf7ufa7ma7myif ay;vdkufonf?
Þ eifaum- -t0wftpm;awG r0wfao;bl;vm; ß
aiGwaxmifxkwfay;_yD;aemuf xrD7ifvsm;ESif hom@S daeqJ_zpfaom
rdrdwmudk ud kr d kufu<fu ar;vd kufavonf? puUif;a7mif; qufI
7vdk7Ed li f _im; pum;pvd kuf_cif;vnf;_zpfonf?
Þ [ Ge f h - -@ S i f ht7n faw Gayus H aewmoe f h pi fo G m ; atmi f
a7cs d K ;ypf7tkef;rSm@Si f h- -uJ- -oGm;awmhav ß
rdrdwmu twGifomESifv$wfaeonf?
Þ at;- -igoGm;r<f? aemufvnf; eifeJ hig awGhjuao;wmayg h
[kwfvm; ß
' gu d k awm hr dr dwmr Sm ac gi f ;n dw foabmwlv d ku f7avonf?
ud kr d ku fu<fu ES Kwfqufonf htae_zi f h r dr dwmud kqG Jay G hy g ;er f ;um
zifjuD;ud k ud ki f!SpfoGm;avao;onf?
186
ud kr d kufu<f_ye foGm;awmh rdr dwmonf| a7cs d K ;ce f ;od k h0i fum
tm;7yg;7 a7cs d K ;oef hpifypfvd kufavonf?
tcs dwftqufrdum vdki f;0ifoGm;_yDr d k h ud kr d kufu<fu tcGif htcg
ta_ctaeaumif;v#ifaumif;ovdk rdrdwmxH oGm;a7mufawGhqH kaeav
onf? aiGwaxmifay;_y D ; r dr dwmud k p dwfjud Kufvufu_ri f ;onf?
~Gif;wd kufcd ki f ;I zDvifaumif;aumif;<laeonf? rdrdwmonf twGif;cH
abmif;bDuvGJI wudk<fvH k;cÈwfum ukdr d kufu<f>tudki ftwG<fud k
cHonf? apmufywfudkvnf;junfhEd lif7ef wcgw7Haz:_yonf? udkrd kufu<f
ud k aumi f ;aumi f ;~ Gi f ;w d ku fay;onf? onfxufawm h vH k ;0ry d k ?
tcGif hta7; xyfray;? udkrd kufu<fu ar#mhaoG;wdk;prf;ovdk w_znf;_znf;
e<fuÈH7efjuH@G<faomfvnf; b<fvdkrSratmif_rif? xdkodk hratmif_rifavav
udkrdkufu<fu ydkIrcsifhr7JESifh rdrdwmudkwyfrufum| ydkIvdk;csifvmavav
_zpfaeayonf?
wbufrSud koef;[efuvnf; rat_yD;awmh orD;ud kodrf;yd kufEd li f
a7;twGuf qifjuHjuHIaeonf? cGiftrs d K ;rs d K ;csonf? tyd ki fzrf;e d li fz d k h
ju d k ;pm ;onf? ' gayr<f h ud koe f ;[e fu d k junf hr7avmufatmi fu d k
187
rkef;wD;aeaomrdrdwmudkawmh b<fvdkrSy7d<m<fqifcGifcsum odrf;oGif;vdk h
r7? xdkajumif h ud kr d kufu<fenf;wlyif ud koef;[efrSmvnf; r<m;yg
orD;ud kt7cs d Ki fE d li fz d k h juHavor# ratmif_rifavav| rdrdwmud k yd kI
vd k ;csi faeavav_zpfIaeonf?
ie Jom;E Sp fa<muf ud k<f henf;ud k<f h[ef _zi f h b<fvd kjuHjuH|
r dr dwmuawmh trdryg? a@ Smi faeE d li fonf? olwd k hE Sp fa<mufwGi f
ud kr d kufu<fu udkoef;[efxufwvsm;omonfvd k hawmh qd kE d li fonf?
ud kr d kufu<ftae_zif h rdr dwmud k wufrvd k ;7wmyJ a_ymp7m@S donf?
usefwmawG tm;vH k;e D;e D;avmuf 7aeonf? 'gayr<fh a<mufsm;wd k h>
oabmu Øvdk;_cif;×onf t"duypfrSwfr[kwfvm;? rvdk;7ao;oa@Ghawmh
ud kr d kufu<f b<fauseyfEd li ftkef;rnfvJ?
u d k r d ku fu<fonf Om^fvnf ;u d koe f ;[e fxufy d k aumi f ;I
yd ktuGuf_rifwwfonf? udkr d kufu<fESi f hr dr dwmwd k h tawmftvkyf_zpfae
jurSKud k ud koef;[efr7dyfr d? od k haomf ud koef;[efu r<m;ygorD;ud k
t7cs d Ki fz d k h tjuHjuD ;juHaeonf htajumi f ;ud kawmh ud kr d ku fu<fu
aumif;aumif;7 dy fr donf?
rdr dwmud kt7cs d Ki fE d li fz d k h ajumifujuGufacsmif ;ovd k tuGuf
188
acsmi f ;v#uf cGi frr dy J | judwfrE d li fc Jr7_zp faeavaomud koef ;[efud k
toH k ;c sI rdr dtae_zi f h r dr dwmud k Øpm; ×E d li frnf htjuHtpnfwckud k
ud kr d kufu<fpOf;pm;rdonf? pOf;pm;rdonfhtjuHtpnfud k bufaygif;p H kr S
aoaocsmc smo H k ;oy fonf? [muGufr sm ;@ S d aer S Ku d k _yi fqi fonf?
aemufqH k ;wGi fawmh tyd ki fqH k ;taumif;qH k ;[kqd k7rnf h tpDtpOfrsm;
yg@S donfh ØcGi f ×wckud k tjuHxkwfa7;qG JE d li fc J honf?
xdkØcGif×udk [muGufr@Sd7atmif_yifqifa7;qGJ_yD;aemuf udkrd kufu<f
onf udkoef;[efud k oGm;a7mufawG hqH kavawmhonf?
e Heufci f ; | txnfqd ki fwGi f tcs de ftenf;i<fxd ki f _y D ;aemuf
_rd K hxJod k hoGm;7ef um;~dwfod k hxGufvmaomudkoef;[efud k ud kr d kufu<fu
vrf;rS_zwfumawGhqH kc J havonf?
olwd k hE Sp fa<mufonf wa<mufESif hwa<mufrsufrSe f;wef;rdum
ar;xl;ac:a_ymavmufom @S dc J honf? odyfr7if;ES D ;juyg?
Þ udkoef;[ef- -cifAsm;eJ h ta7;juD;wJ hpum;awGa_ymcsifw<f?
at;at;aq;aq;pum;a_ym7r<fhae7mudk oGm;ju7atmifvm;Asm ß
189
ESpfa<mufom;qH kr daomtcg udkr d kufu<fupIa_ymonf?
u d koe f ;[e fr S m r dr d E S i f ho dy f r7i f ;E S D ;v Saomu d k r d ku fu<fu
ta7;juD;aompum;a_ymp7m@S donf[k qdkvmaomajumif h @kwfw7uf
ajumiftrf;trf;_zpfoGm;avawmhonf?
Þ ci f A s m ;tw Gu f tr s m ; ju D ;tu s d K ; @ S d r< f h pum ; aw G y g
ud koef;[ef- - ß
u d koe f ;[e f ai ;a jumi fa jumi fE S i h f Za0Z0 g _zp f aeonf ?
xd ktuJcwfrdaomud kr d kufu<fu rufvH k ;av;_yum| pum;ajumif;I
rodromqG Jaqmifvd kufonf?
Þ usKyftwGuf b<fvd ktusd K;@ S dr SmvJ ß
udkrd kufu<favmufrv#ifyJ pdwfjurf;vljurf;_zpfaomudkoef;[ef
u rsufarSmifjuKwfumar;onf?
Þ od7rSmayg hAsm- -at;at;aq;aq;a_ym_yr<f? vm- -
[dkpm;aomufqd ki fxJrSm pm;7if;aomuf7if;a_ymjuwmayg h ß
190
udkrd kufu<fu udkoef;[efudk vltwef@Sif;aom w@kwfacgufqGJ
qd ki fwqdkifod k h ac:oGm;onf? udkoef;[efaomufwwfrSef;odonfhtwGuf
t7ufwyd ki f ; | tom;uifwyG J t7ifrSmonf?
Þ a<mufsm;csif; cyf@Si f;@ Si f;y Ja_ymr<fAsm? cifAsm;u cifAsm;7J h
r<m;ygorD; rdrdwmud k rodrf;yd kufcsifbl;vm;- - ß
t7ufwcGufpDaomuf_yD;aomtcg udkr d kufu<fu pum;pvd kuf
onf?
ud koef;[efu csufcsif;ta_zray;? udkr d kufu<fud k tuJcwf
ovdk pl;pl;p d kufpd kufjunfhaeonf?
Þ cifAsm;7J hr<m;ygorD;av;ud k tyd ki fodrf;Ed li fr<f hc Gi fwckawmh
@ S daew<f? tJ' Dc Gi ftwd ki f ;om csvd kuf? r dr dwmqd kwJ haumi frav;
cifAsm;vufu a_y;rvGwfbl;? odyfyd ki fw<f? pdwfomcs- - ß
ud kr d kufu<fua_ym7m udkoef;[efpdwf0ifpm;vmonf?
Þ b<fvd ky d ki fwJ h cGifr d k hvJ- - ß
191
udkoef;[efu pl;prf;vmonf?
Þ y d ki fwmuawmh p dw fc s ? c Gi fy su fw<f ry d ki fb l ;qd k7i f
uÈefawmh facgif;ud k cifAsm;udk<fwdkif@k dufcG JypfAsm? cifAsmvufpGrf;vufpudk
uÈefawmf odygw<f? ryd ki f7if b<f'Dvd ktmrcH7JrSmvJ- - ß
ud kr d ku fu<fu 7J7 J juD ;a _ymvm7m ud koe f ;[e f<H kovd kvd k
@ S dvmonf? ud koef;[efrSm vuf7Jonf? @k duf7JE Suf7Jonf? @k dufzl;
ESufzl;onfhom"uawGuvnf; @S donf?
Þ aumif;_yD? cifAsm;uusKyftwGuf apwemh0efxrf; tJ'Dc Gi f
tajumif;vma_ymaewmawmh r[kwfygbl;aemf- - ß
ud kr d kufu<fu 7<faoG;vd kuf_yD;- -?
Þ ' guawm h ci f A s m ;vn f ; a<mu f s m ;wa<mu fy J A s m ?
ud k<fcsi f ;pmjunf hayg h? pdwfvm7ifvmoavmuf zd kufcsi fwmayg hAsm?
cifAsm;a7m- -'Daumifrav;udk77if av;ig;q<fcs DavmufeJ h auseyf
rSmvm;? _zpfEd li f7if aehwd ki f;awmiftkyfaerSmr[kwfvm;- - ß
192
Þ [J[J[J- -cifAsm;uvJ a_yma7mhr<f ß
ud koef;[efu 7<fusJus JE Si f h _yefa_ymonf?
ud krd kufu<fudk aus;Zl;wH k h _yefonfhtae_zif h wcsDESpfcs Dpmavmuf
rdrdwmESif hv$wfay;vd kufrnf[k pdwful;rdr S Kvnf; vufawGh_zpfrvmEd li f
awmh? udkrd kufu<fa_ymonfuvnf; obm0usaeay7m| udkoef;[efrSm
aemufqH k;wGif wGef hwd kraeawmhbJ ud kr d kufu<faus;Zl;_zif h 7vmrnfh
r dr dwmud k ud kr d kufu<fE Si f h@ S<f<mcG J<l7e f oabmwlvufc Hvd kuf7
avawmhonf?
xd ktcgud kr d kufu<fu ol>ØcGi f ×ud k cs_yonf?
193
ud kr d ku fu<fc s _yonf h c G i fu bmr #cu fc J @ S K y f ax G ; _ ci f ; r@ S d ?
cyfvG<fvG<f| cyf@Si f;@ Si f;av;om_zpfonf?
ud kr d ku fu<fu rdr dwmE Si f htcs de f ;tcsufvky fum awG hrnf?
xH k;p Htwdki f; aiGwaxmifay;um t7om<laernf? 'gud k ud koef;[efu
0i ftr dzr f ;7rnf? Tod k htr dzr f ;E d l i fc J hr S Kay:wGi f tjuyfud ki fv#uf
rdr dwmud k ud koef;[efu tyd ki fodrf;yd kuf7rnf? uk doef;[eft_ywf_zKwf
_yD;aemuf rdrdwmudk udkrd kufu<fESif hv$wfay;7rnf? onfvdktyd kifudkifum
vdkif;0ifoGm;_yD;onfhaemufwGifawmh rdrdwmudk udkoef;[efESif hud krd kufu<f
wd k hE Sp fa<muf> ØbH kr<m;av;×t_zpf quftoHk;csoGm;jurnf?
ud koef;[efESi f hud kr d kufu<fwd k hE Sp fa<muf awGhqH kwd ki fyifju_yD;
onfhaemuf oH k;7uftjumwGif xd k Øc Gi f ×twdki f; pwiftaumiftxnf
az:juavawmhonf?
ud kr d kufu<fu rdrdvma7mufrnf_zpfajumif;ud k rdrdwmxHod k h
qufoG<fum cs de f ;qd konf? txmusae_yD_zpfonfhtwdki f; rdrdwmu
tdrfaemufbufwHcg;ud k toif hz Gi f hay;xm;onf? _yD;awm olr>tdyfcef;
av;xJr S apmif haeonf? ud kr d kufu<fa7mufvm_y D ; ayG hzufp ky fer f ;
u d k i fw G< fc H7awm hrnf hta7;ud kaw G ;awmum aumi frav;7i fc ke fI
194
aeavonf?
ud kr d kufu<fa7mufvmrnf[k cs de f;qd kxm;aomtcsde fu eHeuf
(10)em7Dwdwd? udkr d kufu<fonf tcsde fud ktvGefwdusonf? cs de f;qd k
xm;onfhtwdkif; rdepfrvGJa7mufvm_rJ_zpf7m rdrdwmonf q<fem7Dxdk;7ef
r d ep f0u fr #tvd kw Gi f t dr faemufab;wHc g ;u d k tomc su f _z Kw fum
aph@k Haphxm;v#uf rdrd>tdyfcef;av;xJrS0ifIapmif haeavonf?
q<fem7 Dw dw dw Gi f ud kr d ku fu<f tdr faemufab;wHc g ;u d k
tomwGef;zGi f hum 0ifa7mufvmonf? cgwd ki f;vd k tdrfaemufab;wHcg;ud k
csuf_yefcsIydwfrxm;yJ aph@k Homaphxm;v#uf rdrdwm@S daernf htdyfcef;
av;xJod k h ud kr d kufu<ftomyif av#mufvSrf;0ifa7mufoGm;onf?
ud kr d kufu<fESif h a@S hqif haemufqif hqd kovdk ud koef;[efuvnf;
cÈwfeif;um tdrfxJ0ifa7mufvmcJ honf?
wu<fawmh udkrd kufu<f>rSmjum;csuft7qdkv#if udkoef;[ef
onf q<fem7Dxdk;_yD;ig;rdepftjumrS tdrfxJodk h0ifa7mufvm7rnf_zpfonf?
_yD;awmh tomta_ctaeudkapmif hjunfhum udkr d kufu<fud k rdrdwm
~Gif;wd kufay;aeonfhtcs de fwGifr S tyd ki f0ifItrdzrf;zd k h _zpfonf?
195
udkrd kufu<fu olhtae_zif h rdrdwmud kwufrvd k;7onfuvGJI
use fonfrsm;ud k tyd ki fvky fE d li faeajumif ; cyfjuGm;juGm;a_ymxm;7m
<ck rdrdwmESifhudkrd kufu<fwdk h bmawGrsm;vkyfavrnfenf;[k acsmif;junfh
vd kaomajumi f h ud koe f ;[e fonf tdr f0i f ;aemufab;axmi f hbuf@ S d
wd kvDr d kvDypPnf;rsm;xm;onfhwif;ukyfav;xJwGif tomyke f ;atmif;um
jud Kwifapmi f haev#uf ud kr d ku fu<f0i foGm;onfE Si f h csufcsi f ;vd kvd k
tdr fxJwdwfwqdwf0ifvmcJ h _cif;_zpfonf?
r dr dwmESi f hud kr d kufu<fwd k hE Sp fa<muf rdr dwmtdy fonf htdy fce f ;
av;xJwGif @S djurnfud kodaomajumif h ud koef;[efonf xdktdyfcef;
av;bufod k h wef;IvmcJ honf? ud kr d kufu<fuawmh tdyfcef;av;xJ
a7mufESi f hae_yD? tdyfcef;xJ@S d wa<muftdyfc HwifpGe f;wGif rdrdwmonf
wi fy g ;v $ JIxd ki faeonf? ud kr d ku fu<ftdy fce f ;x Jo d k h0i fvmaomtcg
rdrdwmonf xdkifae7mrSqwfueJ x7yfonf? olr>7ifvnf; 'def;ueJyif
c ke fonf? ud kr d kufu<fa7mufvm_yD; awG hjuHK7awmhrnf hudp Prsm;onf
rdrdwmud k t_ywfud k7ifcke fvmaponfuawmh trSef?
Þ t0wfawGcÈwfvd kufprf; rdwm- -atmf- -cyf_znf;_znf;av;
cÈwfaemf- -eift0wfcÈwfwmudk igaumif;aumif;t7omcH_yD; junfh
rvd k h- - ß
196
udkrd kufu<fu rdrdwmud k apcd ki f ;vd kufonf?
ud kr d kufu<fonf vlyg;wa<muf_zpfonf? rsufaphv#ifovdk
em;vnf;yg;onf? tdrfxJod k hr dr d0ifvm_yD; csufcsif;qd kovdk ud koef;[ef
0ifvdkufvmonfudkvnf; odaeonf? judKwifrSmxm;onfhtwdkif;r[kwfyJ
tcs de fapmIa7mufvmaomudkoef;[efud k txm_yvdkuf7efpdwful;7onf?
xdkajumifh udkoef;[efØuyf×Iyifr7aom olr>r<m;ygorD;av;rdrdwmudk
r dr du rnfr#yd ki fE d li fajumif;_yonfhoabm_zif h tdyfcef;xJa7mufonfESi f h
r dr dwmud k cyfyd ki fy d ki fa_ymqd kapcd ki f ;vd kuf_cif;_zpfavonf?
r dr dwmtzd k hr Smawmh ud kr d kufu<fa@S har SmufwGi f t0wftpm;
cÈwf_y7wm rqef;awmh? tzkwfud kyif (tcsde ftenf;i<favmuf_zpf_zpf)
vSef _yaeusr[kwfvm;?
xdkajumifh bmr#txl;taxGa_ymqdk_iif;qef_cif;r_yK? udkrd kufu<f
apcd ki f;onfhtwdki f;yif vkyfavawmhonf?
tdyfcef;av;em;odk h toma_cazgheif;um wdwfwqdwfcsOf;uyfvmol
udkoef;[efrSmawmh udkrd kufu<fu rdrdwmudk t0wftpm;awGcÈwfcd kif;oH
jum;7aomtcg pdwfvSKy f@ Sm;oGm;7>? 'Die Ju tawmfy d ki fwmyJud k ;
197
[kvnf; pdwfxJrSremvd kp Gm awG;vd kufrdonf? ud koef;[efonf rdrdwm
t0wfcÈwfonfud k wcgr Saoaocsmcsmr_ri fz l ; ? junf h _ri fvd konf h
tmomuawmh t7ifuwnf;u _yif ; _yp Gm@ S daec J honf? xd kajumif h
t dy fce f ;em;od k hw d k ;uyfoGm;um twGi f ;od k hac smi f ; junf hvd kufavonf?
tdyfcef;wGif wHcg;@S daomfvnf; ydwfrxm;? cef;pnf;awmhcsxm;onf?
xd kajumif hud koef;[eftzd k h acsmif;junfh7efbmrSrcufyg?
ud koef;[efacsmif;junfhonfhtcs de fwGif rdrdwmonf t0wftpm;
r sm ;ud k pwifc Èwfaeonf? r dr dwmonf 7i fbwfwGi fZp fy g@ S daom
pydk h@Syfqefqef <dk;'<m;7<f'Drdwf bavmufpfrjuyfwjuyf| t!dkEka7mif
av;ud k 0wfxm;onf? xdkbavmufpfwGif us<foD;ryg? 7ifbwfZpfud k
tzGif htydwfvkyfI 0wf7cÈwf7onf? <ck bavmufpfud kcÈwf7eftwGuf
qG Japhxm;aom7ifbwfZpfud k qG JcszGi f h7onf? udkr d kufu<fapcd ki f;xm;rS K
twdkif;yif rdrdwmonf bavmufpf>7ifbwfZpfudk nmvuf_zif hud kifum
cyf_znf;_znf;av; qGJcszGif honf? ukdoef;[efonf atmufodk hw_znf;_znf;
av#musI wppyGi f hvmaom7ifbwfZp fud k rsufvH k ; _yL;juD ;r sm;E Si f h
p l ;p d kufum junfhaeonf? olhem;xJwGif ZpfyGi f husaeoH Øw@S d@ S d ×ud kyif
jum;a<mifae7ovdk_zpfonf?
bavmufp fonf tom;uyfr[kwfaomfvnf; ody ftyGjuD;
198
r[kwfonfh cyfjuyfjuyfav;_zpf7m Zpf_yKwfusoGm;onfhtydkif;ae7monf
t~FvdyftuQ7m ØAG D Øy H koÐmef [I[Ivmonf?
vnfwd ki fatmuf@S d 0rf;r Gwfaom7if!Ge f htxufyd ki f ; t7ifqH k ;
ay:vmonf? _yD;awmh 7if!Gef hatmufyd ki f; | Ed k htH kom;ESpfck> t!Smae7m
cyfrd k hr d k h?
Þ aumifrav; b7mpD<m0wfrxm;7if aumif;rSm? ZpfqG Jus
oGm;wmeJ h Ed k htH kjuD;ESpfc k _yL;ueJay:vmrSmyJ ß
udkoef;[ef>pdwfxJ judwfumawG;rdonf? udkoef;[efawG;xm;
ovdk _zpfrvm? rdrdwmonf b7mpD<m0wfxm;onf? xd kajumif h
Zp fu 7if!Ge f hr Satmufbufod k h yd kIyd kIyGi f husoGm;aomtcg rdr dwm
pnf;aESmifxm;aom b7mpD<m>7ifbH krsm; ay:xGufvmonf?
rdrdwm0wfxm;onfu teDa7mifb7mpD<m| 7ifbH krsm;uvnf;
juD;onf? 7ifom;qdkifrsm;ud k vHk_cH KpGmyif tkyfpnf;xkyfyd kufxm;Ed li fonf?
'gayr<fh acwfay:b7mpD<mrsm;>xHk;pH| 7ifbHkom;rsm;onf cyfaysmhaysmh
cy fyg ;yg ; _zp f7m 7ifbH kxJwGi fxky fpnf;xm;avaom Ed k htH kom;juD;rsm;
t dwi f ;r d k hum;aer S Ku d kawm h odom_ri fomaponf? r dr dwmuvnf;
199
Ed k htawmfud kjuD;onfh aumifrav;_zpfonf? toufuom (12)ESp f
ausm fausm f | (13)E Sp fxJ0i fump @S dao;onf? Ed k ht H k juD;awGuawmh
(34)vufreD;e D;avmufud k xGm;aeju_yD? rs d K ;@ k d ;t7 @SnfaomEd k hoD;acgif;
onf ud kr d ku fu<faumif ;aumi f ;qG Jxm;ay;r S Kajumi f h y d k@ Snfv#uf |
cÈe faumhwufae7m b7mpD<m7ifbH kc H@ S daeonf hwd ki f plp ljuGjuGav;
_zpfaerSKudkawmh txif;om;_rifEd lifonf? rdrdwmonf olhtar@Srf;w@kwfr
cifaracsmavmuf r_zLazG;aomfvnf; tom;awmh_zL7m| b7mpD<m
e De D7 J7 Jav;onf _zLaz G ;aomtom;a7mi faemufc HE Si f h 7i fz d karmp7m
aumif;avmufatmif vkyf_yovdk@S daeonf?
udkoef;[ef>pdwfxJwGif 7ifbwfay:vm_yD;rS rdrdwm>7ifbwfZpf
qG Jc sz Gi f haer S Konf y d kaE S ;auG ; _znf ;!Si f ;vmovd kvd k xifaer donf?
touf@SL7efud kyifarhum pl;pl;7J7JjuD;junfhaeonf?
bavmufpfatmufod k hy d kusonf? rdrdwm0wfxm;aom <dk;'<m;
7<f'Drdwfbavmufpfav;> 7ifbwfyd kIyGif hvmonf? tdnufavaom
0rf;ysO fom;yH k hy H k hav;rsm;ud kyi f _rifae7_y D? rdr dwmonf ud koef;[ef
acsmi f ;junf hae7mwHcg ;0bufod k h rsufE Smr lum7yfae7m ud koef ;[ef
tae_zif h rdrdwm>udk<fta@S hy d ki f ;ud k ususee_rifEd li faeonf?
200
r dr dwmonf ac gi f ; av;i H k hv #u ft0wfc Èw faeonf htw Gu f
olrtae_zif h yaxG;_zpfolacsmif;junfhaeajumif;ud k b<fvd kr SrodEd li f
r_rifE d li fay?
7<f' Dr dwfbavmufp ftuF s D7i fbwfZp f tqH k ;qG Jc s _y D ;oGm; _y D ?
rdrdwmonf ZpfatmufqHk;uyfcsdwfxm;onfhae7mudk tomqGJ_zKwfvdkuf7m
bavmufpf>7ifbwfwckvH k; yGif hxGufIoGm;onf?
r dr dwmonf i H k hxm;aomacgi f ;u d k tomarm fIjunf honf?
tdyfcef;wHcg;bufudk junfh_cif;awmhr[kwf? udkrd kufu<fudk vSrf;junfh
_cif;_zpfonf? udkr d kufu<fu cHwifab;em;wGiftom7yfum rsufvH k;
rarS;warS;_yK7if; rdrdwmudkt7omcHum junfhIaeavonf? rdrdwmonf
Zpfz Gi f h _zKwf_y D ; _zp fonf hbavmufp fud k tomyifqG JcÈwfypfvd kufonf?
yxrqH k ; b<fbufvufarmi f ;u d k av#mx kw fonf ? _y D ; awm h
bavmufpfudkaemufbufrSaeI nmbufodkhqGJ<rf;<lum nmbufvufudk
v# d Kx kwfonf? vH k ;v H k ;uÈwfoGm ;aombavmufp fu d k c Hwi fay:od k h
tomypfwifvd kufonf? tay:yd ki f ;wGi f teDa7mifb7mpD<mav;om
@S dawmhonf? pdwfvS Ky f@ Sm;vmrS Kajumif h r dr dwmtouf@ SL _yi f ;ae7m
b7mpD<m_zif h cyfwif;wif;pnf;aESmi fxm;aom Ed k htH k juD;E Sp fvH k ;onf
avxefaomyifv<f_yifrSvS d Ki f;rsm;vd k edrf hvd kuf_rif hvd kuf_zpfaeonf?
201
rdrdwmonf b7mpD<mudk_zKwfcGm7eftwGuf aemufausmbufodk h
vufESpfbufud k vSrf;vd kufonf?
Þ b7mpD<m r_zKwfeJ htkef;? xrDud k t7ifcÈwf- - ß
ud kr d kufu<f>trdef hay;oH ay:vmonf?
r dr dwmonf b7mp D<maemufausmc s dw fud k r_z Kwfawm hy J
xrDud kcÈwf7ef cg;jum;wGif!Syfxm;aomtxufqifpud k nmvuf_zif h
vSrf;udkifonf? txufqifpqGJ_zKwfvdkuf7m acsmif;junfhaeoludkoef;[ef
7if' de f ;ueJcke fonf? rdrdwmonf _yKwfoGm;aomtxufqifpud k tom
udkifum a@Shodk hwGef;aÕrmufonf? xrDa_yav#monf? odkhaomf txufqifp
ud ki fxm;aomajumi f h xrDu uGi f ;vH k ;uÈwfatmufod k hy H kusroGm;?
aemufbufydkif;rSmawmh tawmfav;av#musae7m wifyg;juD;ay:aerSmyJ[k
ud koef;[efawG;um 7ifxJusvdusvd_zpfonf?
udkoef;[efacsmif;junfhaeonfhae7mrSqdkv#if rdrdwm>aemufyd kif;
ud kr_rifEl di fao;? a@S hy d ki f ;om _rif7onf? rdrdwmonf nma_cud kjuGum
xrDud kt_yifod k h@ kwf<lonf? _yD;awmh b<fa_cud kjuGum vkyf_yefonf?
xd kaemufxrDud k cHwifa_c7if;ay:od k hwifvd kufonf? xrDuÈwfoGm;_yD;
202
twGif;cHyifwDabmif;bDwd kav;awmh @S dao;onf? abmif;bDav;uvnf;
b7mpD<mESif hqifwl? teDa7mifav;?
aygifwefjuD;ESpfckuawmh tazG;om;? twGif;cHabmif;bDav;>
cGjum;ae7m rd k hr d k hazgif;aerSKud k tonf;<m;p7m_rifae7onf? ukdoef;[ef
uawmh xd kc G jum;ae7mud k rsufvH k ; juD ; _yL;v#uf p l ;p l ;7 J7 J juD ;ud k
junf haeavonf?
Þ twGif;cHabmif;bDud k qG Jcsvd kufprf; ß
ud kr d kufu<f> trdef hay;apcd ki f;oHay:vmonf? udkoef;[efrSm
u d kr d ku fu<fud k t7r f ;aus ;Z l ;wi fo Gm ;onf? r<m;y gor D ;av;>
apmufywfud k oluvnf; t7rf;junfhcsi f _rifcsifaeonfr[kwfygvm;?
tcs de ftenf ;i<favmuf _zp f _zp f tz kwfaz:vSe f _yoaeusr d k h
rdrdwmonf 0wfxm;aomtwGif;cHabmif;bDeD7J7Jav;udk vufESpfbuf_zif h
ud ki fum atmufod k hwGef;csvd kufonf? twGif;cHabmif;bDuav;vdyfum
atmufod k husonf? aygifcGjum;rStzkwfuvnf; _yL;ueJay:vmonf?
rdrdwm>pdwfvSKyf@ Sm;Ed k ;juGaecs de fr d k h apmufzkwfonf rd k hazgif;cke f;armuf
aeonf?
203
Þ tm;yg;- -tzkwfjuD;u azgif;aevd kufwm? tm;7p7mjuD;?
apmufar$;awmif raygufao;ygvm; ß
ud koef;[efrSm pdwfxJrSrcsif hr7Jjudwfuma7@Gwf7if; wHawG;ud k
~vkueJaeatmif rs d Kcsvd kufr donf? ud koef;[efjunf haeonfhae7mrS
q d kv#i f r dr dwm>apmufywfr S ay gu fumptar $ ;cy fa7;a7;r sm ;u d k
aumif ;p Gmr_ri fE d li f ? xd kajumif h r dr d>r<m;ygorD ;av; apmufar $ ;
raygufao;[k xifrdavonf?
Þ [kdbufvSnf h- -zifjuD;ud k junfh7atmif ß
ud koe f ;[e f apmufz kwf _zL _zLtktk | r d k hr d k h az gi f ;az gi f ; juD ;ud k
p l ; p d ku f junf hItm;r7E d l i f ao;r S myi f u d k r d ku fu<fua_ymv d ku f7m
r dr dwmud k<fwywfvSnf ho Gm ;onf? ud koe f ;[e fac smi f ; junf haeaom
wHcg;aygufbufod k h ausmay;7ufom;_zpfoGm;onf? tzkwfud kjunfh7wm
tm;r7ao;aomajumif h rcsif hr7J_zpfrdaomfvnf; <cktaetxm;wGif
r dr dwm>wifyg ;qH ktdtdxGm;xGm; | vH k ;vH k ;0e f ;0e f ;juD;ud k txif;om;
t@Sif;om;_rif7onfrd k h ud koef;[efuvnf; _rif7onfhzifud k wtm;yif
pl;p d kufumjunfhaerdonf? Ed k hjuD;ovdk rdrdwmonf qHkvnf;xGm;onf?
uk doef;[efpdwfxif aumifrav;>zifjuD;onf oH k;q<fa_cmufvufr
204
avmufawmh tenf;qH k ;@ S dayrnf? wif;7if;um azG;a_ymifIaeonf?
teDa7miftwGif;cHabmif;bDuav;u aygifvnfem;avmufwGifvdyfusae7m
junfhvd k h wrs d K ;z Dvifvmonf?
Þ b7mpD<mudk cÈwfypfvd kufawmh- - ß
udkrd kufu<fu avcyfat;at;ESif ha_ymonf?
rdrdwmonf vufESpfbufudkaemufypfum b7mpD<maemufausm
cs dwfud k _zKwfonf? ausmay;xm;onfrd k h b7mpD<mcs dwf_zKwfaerS Kud k
udkoef;[efaumif;aumif;_rif7onf? csdwf_yKwfI b7mpD<mavsmhwdavsmh7J
_zpfrSKuvnf; wrsdK;junfhIaumif;aeonf? csdwf_yKwfoGm;aomb7mpD<m
ud k r dr dwmuz<fc G mv d ku f7m ajum h@ Si f ;aomausmuke f ;av;onf
txif ;om; _zp fIvmonf? b7mp D<m>tzH k ;tumr Sv Gwfo Gm ;aom
Ed k htH kjuD;awGud kawmh ususeer_rifEd li fao;? cs d Ki f;atmufrS @k d ;ueJ7dyfueJ
om_rif7onf?
Þ 'Dbufud kvSnf h- - ß
rdrdwmonf onfbuf_yefvSnf hvmonf? b7mpD<muÈwfoGm;
205
_y Dr d k h 7i fom;wd k h[i f ;vi f ; _zp faeonf? p l juGaomE d k ht H k juD ;r sm ;onf
juD;rm;onf? vHk;0ef;onf? wif;7if;aeonf? Edk hoD;acgif;ESpfck aumhaxmif
wufaejuonf? Ed k hoD;acgif;rsm;uvnf; tawmf@Snfonf? olhtar
cifaracsmxufyif yd kIEd k hoD;@Snfavrvm;[k udkoef;[efES d Ki f ;<SOfpOf;pm;
junfhr donf?
rdrdwmu aygifv<fod k hqG JuÈwfusaeaom twGif;cHabmif;bDud k
_yefqG Jwif<lrnft_yK- -
Þ aeygtke f; rdwm7m? eif hapmufywfud k junfhyg7aptkef;?
ay gi fu d k enf ;en f ;um; _yay;y gvm;- -[kwf _y D ? qD ;py fu d kvnf ;
aumhvd kuf- -tm;yg; rdw<fuGm- - ß
rdrdwmonf aygifudkum;Edlifor# cyfum;um;_yKum qD;pyfudkvnf;
aumh_yvd kufonf? tzkwfonf _yL;_yL;juD;r[kwfonfhwd ki f rd k hr d k hazgif;
azgif;ESi f h tawmfud k _rifomEd li fonf?
xd kod k hum;_y| aumh_y_yD;aemuf rdrdwmu twGif;cHabmif;bDud k
qG Jwifvd kuf7m junfhaumif;aeaomudkoef;[ef tHud kyifjudwfvd kufrd
onf?
206
Þ vmcJ h 'Dud k- -eif hud k erf;7r<f? ES d Kuf7r<f ß
udkrd kufu<fu rdrdrnfr#yd kifaeajumif;_yonfhtae_zif h rdrdwmudk
vSrf;ac:onf? rdrdwmvnf; ud kr d kufu<f@S d7mok d h tomav#mufvSrf;
w d k ;uy fo Gm ;onf ? uk doe f ;[e fuawm h junf h7i f ; remvd kp dw faw G
ay:vmonf?
twGif;cHabmif;bDav;rSwyg; t0wftpm;bmrSr@S dyJ udk<fvHk;wD;
enf;yg ; _zp faeaom rdr dwm>wpfwpf7pf7p fud k<fvH k ;ud k<fxnfjuD;ud k
ud kr d ku fu<fu tm;7yg ;7ay G hzufv#uf z l ;z l ;@ G@ GE S kw fcr f ;av;rsm;ud k
tm;7yg;7pkyferf;onfudkjunfh7if; udkoef;[ef vufoD;rsm;uspfuspfygatmif
qkyfvd kufrdonf?
ud kr d kufu<fu yg;pyfcsi f ;awhuyfpky ferf;7if; rdr dwmnmbuf
Ed k htH kjuD;ud k b<fvuf_zif hqkyfud ki fy Gwfe<fonf? olhnmvufuawmh
rdrdwmzifjuD;ud kud ki fonf? ppcsif; twGif;cHabmif;bDay:rSqkyfe<fonf?
xdkaemuf twGif;cHabmif;bDwd kav;udk zifom;juD;ESpfckjum;wGifnyfoGm;
atmifvdyfIwifvdkufonf? xdktcg rdrdwm>b<fbufzifom;_crf;juD;onf
tumtuG<fr@S d tazG;om;txif;om;ay:vmonf? xdkod k hwpfIay:vm
aomzifom;_crf;juD;ud kr S ud kr d kufu<fu vuf_zif htm;7yg;7ud ki fonf?
207
zspf!Spfonf? qdwfvnf; qdwfvd kufao;onf? vuf0g;_zif h _zwfueJ
_rnfatmifyif ykwf_yefonf? rdr dwmrSmawmh ud kr d kufu<f_yKor#ud k
c Haeonf? olr>tzkwfqDod k h e<fausmfrvmor# aumifrav;tae_zif h
ue f huGufvk d hr _zp fay? 'gud kodaomud kr d kufu<fonf ud koef ;[efud k
rcsifhr7J_zpfatmifzefwD;onfhtae_zifh udkoef;[efjudwfIoabmusaeonfh
r<m;ygorD;av;rdrdwmud k tyDØud ki f × _yaeavonf?
acsmif;junf haeavol ud koef;[efr Smawmh tHwjudwfjudwf
_zpfIaeonf? rdrd>r<m;ygorD;av;udk t_ywfud ki fwG<ferf;pkyfyGwfoyf
ES d Kufaeonfud kjunfh7if; remvd k _zpfrS K | tm;usrS Kwd k hE Si f htwl 7rufaZm
t[kefuvnf;Ed k ;juGv#uf ud koef;[ef>iyJacsmif;juD;rSm rwfrwfjuD;
awmifIvmonf? twGif;cHabmif;bD0wfxm;7m vD;acsmif;juD;rwfawmif
vmaomtcg ukdoef;[efrSm tawmfav;tae7cufIaeavonf?
ud koef;[efonf tdyfcef;xJod k h0ifoGm;um trdzrf;rS KtuGufud k
vky fvd kvS _y D? xd kod h ktrdzr f ;tuGufqif _y D ;r S rdr dwm ol hvufc ky fxJ
a7mufvmrnfr[kwfygvm;? rdrdwmudkpdwfwdkif;us oGefvdkoGef| arSmufvdk
ar Smufvky fE d li frnfr[kwfygvm;? od k haom f ud kr d ku fu<fE Si f h jud Kwif
pnf;0g;udkufum csxm;onfhØcGif×t7 udkrdkufu<fhvD;udk rdrdwmqkyfudkifum
~Gif;wd kufay;onfhtcgwGifr S 0ifItrdzrf;7rnf_zpf7m ukdoef;[efonf
208
pdwfud ktwif;yif cs d K;ES dr fxm;7onf? tcsdefrusrD0ifoGm;rdI ØcGif×ysufum
tm;vH k;@ S Ky faxG;ukefr Smud kawmh ud koef;[efu pd k ;7dr fonf?
ud koef;[efonf rdrdOm^frDor#aomenf;vrf;rs d K ;p H k _zif h r<m;yg
orD;av;rdrdwmud k tyd ki fodrf;Ed li f7ef tcs de ftawmfjumyif judK;pm;cJ h
_y D;_y D? od k haomf ratmif_rifcJ h? <ckud kr d kufu<fcs_yonfhc Gi fu wu<fh
udktydkif_zpf7m udkoef;[efrSm cGifysufoGm;rSmudkawmh wu<fhudkpd k;7drfonf?
~ Gi f ; _re f _re frwd kufc d ki f ;y J t7pf@ Snfaeaomud kr d kufu<fud kom
pdwfxJrSjudwfum usde fqJaeonf? udkr d kufu<fu ~Gif;wd kufcd ki f ;v#if
r dr dwmonf rqd ki f ;rwGvkyfay;rnf_zpfonfud kvnf; ud koef;[ef7dy fr d
od@S daeygonf?
ud koef;[efrcsif hr7J_zpfaernfud k ud kr d kufu<fuvnf; em;vnf
onf? xdk hajumif hyif tcs de fwrifqG Jaeonf? aumifrav;ud k yg;pyf
p ky fvd kuf | yg;er f ;vd kuf | vnfwd ki fajumhajumhav;ud k pky fer f ;vd kuf |
zufayG hvd kuf| zifESi f hE d k hE S d Kufvd kufESi f h wck_yD;wckZdrfqG Jumvkyfaeonf?
od k haomf csxm;onf hc Gi ft7awmh vkyf7rnf_zpfaomajumif h tcs de f
tawmfjumaomtcgwGifr l ud kr d kufu<fu rdrdwmud k ~Gif;twdkufcd ki f ;
7avawmhonf?
209
Þ ud ki f;- -ig hud k ~Gif;wd kufay;awmhrdwm? cHwifatmufem;rSm
aygi fum;7yf7i f ; uke f ; _y D ;wd kufay;- -[kwfvm;? ei f hE d k h juD ;awGud k
igqG Jcsifao;w<f- - ß
ud kr d ku fu<fu t_ymum;wck> 'g@ k du fwmwa<mufE S<f
rdr dwmtm; rnfod k hrnfyH k~ Gi f;wd kufay;7rnfqd k _cif;ud k a_ymqd k!$efjum;
vd kufavonf?
rdrdwmonf udkr d kufu<f7ifcGi fxJrSz<fcGmum cHwifatmufod k h
qi f ;onf? ud kr d ku fu<fqG Jvdy fwifxm;I zi fjum;wGi fnyfaeaom
twGif ;c Habmif;bDud kvnf; vuf_zif hqG Jcsum wifyg;ud kwwfEd li for#
zH k ;z H k ;z dz d _zpfatmifvkyfonf?
u d kr d ku fu<fuawm h c Hwi fapmi f ;w Gi fwi fy g ;v $ Jx d k i fae7mr S
0wfxm;aomykqd k;ud k vSefwifvd kufonf? ykqd k;ud k cÈwfrcs? tay:yd ki f ;
r Smvnf; tuFs D0wfv#ufom;@S daeqJyif? twGif;cHabmif;bD wrif0wf
rvmcJ h _cif;ajumif h ykqd k ;vSefvd kufonfESif h vD;juD;u wef;ueJay:vm
onf? rwfawmifaeaomvD;juD;u rmeft_ynfhESi f h?
r dr dwmonf cHwifab;em;wGi f7y fae7mr S ud k<fud kud ki f ;um
210
udkr d kufu<f hvD;ud k nmvuf_zif hvSr f ;qky fud ki fonf? a_cESp facsmif ;
rum;wum;vkyfxm;7m udk<ftudki f;wGif wifyg;qH kjuD;ud k yd kIwif;7if;
um;tdoGm;onf? acsmif;junfhaeaomudkoef;[efbufod k h zifjuD;ukef;_y
ovdkrs d K ; _zpfonf?
rdr dwmu udkr d kufu<fud k ~Gif;wd kufay;onf? aumifrav;>
Ed k htH kjuD;ESpfckud k ud kr d kufu<fvufESpfbuf_zif h vSrf;IpH kud ki fumqGJonf?
ukef;I~Gif;wd kufay;aeaom rdrdwm>7ifom;qd ki frsm;onf udkr d kufu<f
twGuf vufwurf;wGif tqif hoif h _zpfaeonf?
Þ ajomf- -eif htwGuf yd kufqHay;xm;7tkef;r<f ß
c^tjumwGif ud kr d kufu<fuxdkod k ha_ym_yD; rdrdwm>Ed k htH kjuD;
rsm;ud kqkyfe<fae7mrS vufud kv$wfonf? yd kufqHtdwfxJrS ig;7mwef
ESp fcsyfxkwf<lonf? rdrdwmuawmh nmbufvuf_zif h ud kr d kufu<fh
vD;acsmif;juD;ud kqkyfud ki fum ~Gif;wd kufay;aeqJ?
Þ ig ha~ G ;OawGud k tomud ki fy Gw fay;t ke f ;av? y d ku fqHud k
eif htwGif;cHabmif;bDjum;rSm xdk;!Syfxm;vd kufr<f ß
211
udkrd kufu<fu xdkod k ha_ym_yD; ig;7mwefESpfcsyfud k tomacgufcs d K;
c s d K ; _y D ; r dr dwm0wfxm;aom twGi f ;c Hyi fw Dabmi f ;b Dw d kuav;>
c g ; pn f ; ar # m h ju d K ;t jum ;w G i f x d k ;! S y f ay ;v d ku f avonf ? ' gu
udkrd kufu<fcsxm;aomcGif> ta7;tjuD;qH k;aomhcsuf?
rdrdwmrSmawmh udkrd kufu<f>tjuHudkrod? rjumrD udkrd kufu<f
ESi f hud koef ;[efwd k hy l ;aygi f ;qifxm;aom axmifacsmufxJod k hwd k ;0i fum
olw d k hvufx Jo d k h vd k7mtoH k ;c Hb0od k h a7muf7awm hrn fu d kvnf ;
r7dy fr dao;yg?
ud kr d ku fu<fc d ki f ;onf htwd ki f ;yi f b<fvuf_zi f ha~ G ;t kr sm ;ud k
vSr f ;ud ki fy Gwfay;vd kufonf? nmvufuawmh vD;ud kcy foGufoGuf
~ Gi f ;xkay;aeavonf?
ud kr d kufu<fu aiGxkwfay;r S Konf ud koef ;[efud k0i fvm7ef
tcsuf_yvkduf_cif;_zpfonf? xdkajumif h onftcsdefud ktHwjudwfjudwfESif h
apmif hqd ki f;aeaomudkoef;[efonf tdyfcef;xJod k h 0ke f;ueJyif0ifvmav
awmhonf?
212
cifaracsmrSm pdwfxJwGif wrsdK;juD;_zpfIaeonf? wxifhxih fESif h
p dwfav;aeovdkvd k | wpH kw7mpd k ;@ G H haerdovdkvd k | cgwd ki f ;'grs d K ;r[kwfwm
uawmh aocsmonf?
onfaehreufyd ki f ; qd ki fz Gi f h _y D ;onfESi f h ud koef;[efxGufoGm;rS K
uvnf; cifaracsm>pdwfxJwGif xl;ovdkvdkxifrdonf? udkoef;[efonf
qd ki fwGifzif_r Jolr[kwfaomfvnf; reufyd ki f ;qd ki fz Gi f h _y D; wem7DESp fem7D
avmuftenf ;qH k ;awm h qd ki fw Gi fx d ki favh@ S dy gonf? onfae hawm h
qd ki fz Gi f h _y D; q<frdepfyifrjumyJ udkoef;[efra<mifrvnfESif hxGufoGm;
onfuawmh xl;_cm;aeygonf? udkoef;[efrSm <aehud kr d kufu<fESih f
p DpOfcGi fcsxm;onfhtwGuf pdwfapmae7m| rdrd~^Smr_idrf_zpfaeonfud k
r de f ;r7 dy fr doGm;r Smp d k ;aomajumif h qd ki fr Scy fapmapmyifxGufoGm;c J h _ci f ;
_zpfygonf?
cifaracsmonf orD;rdr dwmtwGuf awG;ylovdkvd kvnf;_zpfrd
onf? od k haom f ud koe f ;[e fud kr dr dwmjunf hr7atmi fr ke f ;wD ;aeum
tem;uyfc Hz d k ha0;p G | pum;yi faumif ;aumif ;ra_ymonf htwGuf <ck
ud koef;[ef cyfapmapmØaysmuf×oGm;_cif;onf rdrdwmESif hawmh ywfouf
aernfr[kwf[kvnf; wbufrSawG;rd_yefonf?
213
orD;twGufpdwfxif hum pd k ;7dr faepdwfu <aehrSxl;xl;_cm;_cm;
ay:vm7m tdr fo d k h _ye f junf h7e fyi f p dw ful ;r dao;onf? od k h aom f
ap s ;0<fvmjuolawGu(trsm;juD ;r[kwfonf hw d ki f ) wa<muf0i f |
wa<mufxGufESi f hr_ywfEd li fy J@ S dae7m cifaracsmrSm reufyd ki f ;wyd ki f;vH k ;
aps;0<frsm;ESi f htvkyfrsm;um tdrfod k hwacguf_yefjunfh7ef tcs de fr7Ed li f?
aehvnfyd ki f ;t0<fyg;cs de fwGifawmh tdrf_yefumjunfhzd k h pdwful;xm;av
onf?
ud koef;[ef tdyfcef;xJ0ifvmonf?
Þ [dwf- -'g bmvkyfwmvJ? usKyforD;ud k acG;usif hacG;juH
vmjuHaewmvm;- -awmuf- - ß
ud kr d kufu<foifay;xm;onfhtwdki f; ud koef;[efu atmf[pf
judrf ;armif;vd kufonf?
ud kr d kufu<fud k ~Gif;wd kuf| a~G;tkud ki fvkyfay;aeaomrdrdwmrSm
214
@kwfw7ufyaxG;0ifvmaomajumif h tvGefyifxdwfvef hoGm;onf?
ud koef;[ef>a_ymqd koHonf odyfawmho@kyfrygay? aoao
csmcsmjunfhv#if vkyfa_ym_cif;_zpfajumif; 7dyfr dE d li fonf?
rdr dwmrSmawmh r$e fxlae7m udkoef;[ef>a_ymyH kqd ky H k obm0
usrus owdrr lE d li fy g? i<fxdy fwnf hwnf h r d k ; jud K ;yp fc H7ovd kyi f
wke fvSKy facsmufcsm;ae@Smonf?
ud koef;[efonf [pfatmfa_ymqd k7if; ud kr d kufu<fud k xd k;rnf
judwfrnfvkyfonf? ud kr d kufu<fuvnf; ajumufvef humvkyfrdvkyf7m
v ky f r dovd kv d k _ zi f h r dr dwm>vufarmi f ;u d kq ky fu d k i fq G Jxm ;onf ?
wu<fawmh rdrdwmt0wftpm;wckckaumuf<lum zH k ;um0wfqif_cif;
csufcsif;rvkyfEd li fatmif qGJxm;_cif;om_zpfonf?
Þ [m- -r[kwfbl;? ol hud k aiGwaxmifay;_y D ;vkyfwmyg?
r<H k7ifjunfh? ol hcg;jum;rSm uÈefawmfay;xm;wJ hy d kufqH@S dw<f- - ß
udkrd kufu<fu tavmwjuD;trlt7mESif ha_ymonf? udkrd kufu<f
>tdkufwifu udkoef;[efxufyd kIyD_yifonf?
215
udkrd kufu<fvufarmif;zrf;qG Jxm;I xrDyifaumuf<l7ifrvsm;
E d l i fao;aomr dr dwmr Sm twGi f ;c Habmi f ;b Dw d kav;E Si f hom@ S d aev#uf
abmi f ;b Djum;wGi fxd k ;! Sy fxm;aom ig ;7mwefuvnf; xif@ Sm ;p Gm
ay:vGi faeonf?
Þ cifAsm;ud k yd ki feufusL;vGefr S Ke J h trSKvkyfr<f? awmuf- -
awGhjuao;wmayg h- - ß
ud koef;[ef usH K;0g;_yefonf?
Þ vky fc si fv ky fav? uÈe fawm fuvnf; ' Daumi frav;ud k
ai Gay;aysm fy g ;7w<fvd k h a_ymvd kuf@ k Hy J ? 'gqd k ci fA sm;r<m;ygorD ;
Øzg ×_zpf_yD; cifAsm;tdrfvnf; Øzgtdrf×qd kwm vlwd ki f;odukefr<f- - ß
udkoef;[eftawG;juyfjuyf_zif h bmr#ra_ymyJ _idrfaevdkufonf?
Þ td k- -v$wfyg- - ß
yaxG;a@S harSmufwGif twGif;cHabmif;bDav;rSvG JI bmt0wf
tpm;r#r@S dy J Ed k hay:| Ad kufay:| aygifay:_zpfae7rSKwd k hajumif h rdrdwmrSm
216
tvGe f@ Su fajumufum ud kr d ku fu<fqG Jxm;7mr S @ ke f ;x Gu fonf ?
qufqGJxm;7efrvdkawmhonfhtwGuf udkrd kufu<fu v$wfay;vdkufonf?
rdrdwmonf xrDudkuref;uwef;aumuf<lum 7ifvsm;0wfvdkufavonf?
Þ cifAsm;odatmif a_ym_yr<f? 'Daumifrav;udk uÈefawmfyd kufqH
ay; _y D ;ay sm fy g ;aeus? tc kr Sawmi fr[kw fb l ; ? ci fA sm ;e J h ci farac sm
r<lcifuwnf;u? 'Dawmh cifAsm;t7pf@Snfr<frjuHeJ h? cifAsm;r<m;eJ h
r<m;ygorD;yJ t@SufuG J _y D; emrnfysufukefr<f ß
ud kr d kufu<fu _yefa_ymonf?
xdkpum;rsm;onf rdrdwmudk@kef;rxGuf7Jatmif wkwfcsnfvdkufaom
aESmifjudK;rsm;yif _zpfayonf?
Þ ola_ymwm [kwfvm; rdwm- - ß
uk doe f ;[e fu xrD7i fvsm ;0wf _y D ;aemuf acgi f ;av;i H k hum
id k@ S d Kufaeaom r<m;ygorD;av;ud k vSrf;ar;vd kufonf?
r dr dwmc_rm tvGe f@ Suf | t7rf;0r f ;enf;v#uf rsm;p Gmvnf;
217
wkefvSKyfacsmufcsm;ae7m _iif;uG<f7efyif pdwfrul;Ed li fawmh? tu<fI
_ii f ;y<f7e fp dw ful ;r dapO D ;awm h ? ud kr d ku fu<fa_ymonfr sm ;uvnf;
trSefawGvd kvd k _zpf7m rdrdwmtae_zif h _iif;y<fp7mtajumif;ud kvnf;
@Smzd k hcufayvdrf hrnf?
<ckavmavmq<fwGif olrtae_zif h id k@ S d Kuf@k HuvGJvd k h bmr#
rwwfEd li f?
Þ a[ h- -i g ar ; a ew< fav? o l a _ y mov d k[ kw fvm ; ?
'Daumif vnfq<fa_ymwmqdk7if 'Daumif hud kzrf;_yD; ~gwfwcgwnf;
yd k hvd kufr<f ß
Þ ~gwfyd k h7if uÈefawmfuvnf; tukefzGi f hcsvd kufrSmyJ ß
ud koef;[efurdrdwmud k cyfqwfqwftar;wGif ud kr d kufu<f
uvnf;jum;0ifum tyd ki fwkwfcsnfvd kuf_yefonf?
Þ [if h- -[if h- -olhud k- -~gwfawmh ryd k hyge J hawmh OD;av;
juD;7<f- -[if h[if h- - ß
218
rdrdwmuid k@ S d Kufum a_ymvd kuf7@Smonf?
Þ 'gqd k ola_ymwm trSefawGayg h ß
Þ [kwf- -[kwf- -[kwf- -yg- -w<f ß
rdrdwm id koHygav;ESif h 0efcHvd kuf7@Smonf?
ie Jom;juD ;E Sp fa<muf ausey fy d k i fE l d i faomtjunf hr sm ; _zi f h
wa<mufrsufESmwa<mufjunfhvd kufjuonf? udkrd kufu<fu rsufaph
rS dwf_yonf? acgif;i H k hum 0rf;enf;@Suf@G H hp Gmid kajuG;aeaomrdrdwmuawmh
'gud k rodr_rifvd kufyg?
Þ ud ki f;- -cifAsm; oGm;Ed li f _y D- - ß
udkoef;[efu ta_ctaer[efI tav#mhay;vdkuf7onfhtoGifESif h
a_ymonf?
t@S de f7vmaomajumif hvm;awmh rod? onfwcgawmh apmapm
uxuf td kufwifrdvmonf?
219
Þ 'Dvd kem;vnfrS K@ S d _y D; a_yvnfrSayg hAs? uJ- -oGm;r<fa[h
rdwm- - ß
ud kr d kufu<fu rdrdwmwifyg;av;ud k tomvSrf;ykwfvd kufao;
onf? aumifrav;rSm wkefIyifoGm;onf?
xd kaemufud kr d kufu<f tdyfcef;xJrSxGufoGm;onf?
r dr dwmrSmawmh cHwifab;wGi facgi f ;av;iH k hum id kajuG;use fc J h
onf? xrDav;7ifvsm;v#uf vufarmif;ESpfbufudk 7ifbwfay:<Sufwif
Ixm;onf?
ud koef;[efu cHwifapmif;wGif wifyg;v$ Jumxdki fvd kuf_yD;- -
Þ xdki fprf;ygtkef; rdwm? eif hud k a_ymp7m@S dw<f ß
rdrdwmonf rsuf7nf0dkif;aeaomrsufvHk;av;rsm;_zifh udkoef;[efudk
wcsufvSrf;junfhonf? _yD;awmh ud koef;[ef>a@S h cHwifatmufbuf
jurf;_yifwGif 'l;wkwfumxdki fvd kuf@Smonf? acgif;ud kawmh iH k hxm;v#uf?
220
udkoef;[efu olESif htwl cHwifapmif;wGif<SOfxd kif7ef rdrdwmudk
ac:_ci f ; _zp fonf? r dr dwmr Sm yaxG;ud kc sO fae7m twlwlrxd ki fvd k ?
_zp fE d li fv#i f tdy fce f ;xJr S armi f ;xkwfyp fvd kufc si fonf? 'gayr<f h
<ckta_ctaerSm rdrdpdwfxifwdkif;rvkyfEd lif? yaxG;> iJh!Smaxmufxm;rSK
7rS_zpfrnfrd k h rdrdwmrSm odyfr7if h7 J? 'gajumif hvnf; yaxG;txdki fc d ki f ;
on fu d kv d ku f emum jur f ; _ yi f ay :w Gi fx d k i f c sv d ku f _ ci f ; _ zp fon f ?
yaxG;>a@S harSmufwGif xrD7ifvsm;ESi f hxd ki fae7onfud kawmh pdwfxJu
rvHkyg? 'gayr<fh rwwfEd li f?
Þ eifu b<fvd ktcs d K;awGcs d K ;aewmvJ rdwm? eiftckvd kvkyfwm
eif htarodoGm;7if 7ifus d K ;awmhrSmyJ ß
ud koef;[efu txmpI_yvd kufonf?
wu<fawmh onfvd ka_ym7ef ud kr d kufu<fuoifay;xm;cJ h _cif;
_zpfonf? udkoef;[eftaeESif hqd kv#ifawmh 'grs d K ;a_ymqdkwwfrnfr[kwf?
Þ tarhud kawmh ra_ymvd kufygeJ h OD;av;juD;7<f? awmif;yef
ygw<f [if h[if h[if h ß
221
rdr dwmu id k@ S d Kuf7if ; awmif;ye fpum;qd konf? rdr dwmtzd k h
yaxG;ud k yxrqHk;tjudrf awmif;yeftoem;cH7rSK_zpfonf?
<ckvd k rdrdwmu cHwifatmufjurf;_yif0<f 'l;wkwfxd ki fv#uf
awmif;yefaerSKonf rdrdud k txl;@k d hus d K ;aomtoGif@S daeonfrd k h ud koef;
[efuvnf; rdrdab;em;wGifvm<SOfrxdkifonfhtwGuf uGdKifwufraeawmh?
ud kr d kufu<foifay;xm;onfhtwd ki f ; a_ymp7m@S donf hpum;rsm;
ud kom qufa_ymavawmhonf?
Þ aumi f ; _y D ? ei f htarud k ra _ymy J i gE S Kw fy dw fxm;r< f ?
eifuig hud k ESKwfydwfcawmh xd kufxd kufwefwefay;7vdrf hr<f ß
Þ bm- -bm- -ay;7rSmvJ [if ß
aumifrav;u wkefwkefvSKyfvSKyfE Si f h _yefar;@Smonf?
Þ igcd ki f ;wmud kvkyf_yD; ig htvd kvd kufzd k hygyJ ß
yaxG;ud koef;[efu r<m;ygorD;av;rdrdwmud k tyd ki fud ki fum
222
a_ymcsvd kufonf?
r dr dwm t7rf ;ud kwke fvS Ky facsmufc sm;oGm;@ Smonf? t7dy f _y
taumi f _ri fq d kovd k yaxG ;>tjuHb<fvd k@ S dI bmud kv d kc si fr Se f ;
aumi frav; 7 dy fr dp _y Konf? yaxG ;>tvd ku d k rvd ku favsmc si f ?
'gayr<f hta_ctaeuvnf; rvd kufavsmvd k hvH k ;0r_zpfonfhta_ctae?
rdrdwmrSm 0rf;enf;vSum rsuf7nfawGusqif;Ivmavonf?
Þ b<fvd kvJ- -iga_ymwmudk vufcHrvm; ß
rdrdwmxHrS bmwH k h _yefoHrSay:rvmonfhtwGuf ud koef;[efu
ar;onf? olhbufuyd ki fae_yDr d k h ieJom;>avoHuvnf; cyfrmrm?
Þ bm- -bmawG- -vkyf- -vkyf7rSmvJ @Sif h ß
r<m;ygorD;av;> _yefar;vd kufoHu wkefwkef7if7if? @S d KufoH
av;rsm;yif a7mIaeavao;onf?
Þ iga_ymr Smayg h[? ud ki f ;- -eif hoabmud k qd kpr f ;? ige J h
tay;t<lvkyfzd k h vufcHrvm;? vufrcHbl;vm; ß
223
rdr dwmqd konf h q<fausm fouft@G<faumifrav; bmrsm;
wwfEd li fygrnfenf;? rnfod k hr# vdkvm;oabmwl_cif;r@S dayr<fh yaxG;ESif h
tay;t<lvkyf7ef acgif;ndwfvufcHvd kuf7@Smavawmhonf?
Þ [kwf- -[kwfuJ h- -vuf- -vuf- -cH- -ygw<f ß
Þ at;- -'Dvd kr Sayg huG- - ß
O D ;us d K ;o Gm ; _y D _zp faom r<m;y gor D ;av;>ta_zpum;onf
yaxG;ud koe f ;[e fud k b0ifc d ku foGm;aponf? ie Jom;>rsufE SmjuD ;
_y H K ; _z D ; _z D ; _zpfoGm;onf?
xd kaemufud koef;[efonf r<m;ygorD;av;udkpwifum txm_y
apcd ki f ;avawmhonf?
Þ ud ki f ;- -pju7atmi f ? xrD7i fvsm;xm;wmud k a_zcs
vd kufprf;- - ß
udkoef;[ef>apcd kif;vdkufoHonf rdrdwmudk usmyGwfESif h@k dufovdk
_zpfum aumifrav;qwfueJyifwkefonf? 'gayr<fh _iif;qefaevdk hvnf;
224
7rnfr[kwfaomajumif h rxl;awmhonfhta_ctaeajumif h rdrdwmrSm
tvGefrsufrke f;us d K ;vSaom yaxG;_zpfol>apcd ki f ;onfhtwdki f; vd kufem
vkyfaqmif7@Smonf?
7ifvsm;xm;aomxrDud k wGe f hqkwfav;uefp Gm a_zcs7onf?
rvkyfvd ky J rv$ Jomra@Smifomvkyf7onfrd k h rdr dwm>vSKyf@ Sm;rS Krsm;onf
aE S ;auG;onf? av;vHonf? b<fbufcs d Ki f ; jum;wGi f!Sy fxm;aom
txufqifpud k nmvuf_zif hvSrf;ud ki fum r7Jw7JqG J _zKwfonf?
rdr dud ktuyfrcHcJ haom r<m;ygorD;av;| <ckrdr da@S harSmufwGif
xrD7ifvsm;a_zavsmh_y7awmhrnf ht_zpfud k yaxG;ud koef;[efu tm;7
yg;7yifjunfhaeonf? aumifrav;> @Suf@G H h@ G H h | ajumufvef hvef h _zif h
wGefhqkwfav;uefpGm vkyfaqmifaerSKu udkoef;[eftzdk hawmh pvdk;rdk;@Sif;ac:
AD' D<d ktaES;_yuGufjunfhae7ovdk zDvifcHpm;7onf?
r7Jw7JqG J _zKwfvd kufrS Kajumif h b<fbufcs d Ki f;jum;wGif!Syfxm;
onfhtxufqifp _yKwfoGm;onf? 7ifvsm;xm;aomxrD cyfav#mav#m
_zp fonf? nmvuf_zi f hud ki fxde f ;xm;7aomajumif h atmufod k hawmh
a_yav#musroGm;ao;? rdrdwm>a@$7iftH krsm;ud k avsmhwdavsmh7Jav;
zHk;umxm;qJ? rdrdwmonf tHwif;wif;judwfum xrDudkxdef;udkifxm;onfh
225
nmvufud k a_zv$wfvd kufonf? xdktcgxrDonf atmufod k hav#mueJ
_yKwfusonf?
rdrdwmonf cHwifatmufjurf;_yifwGif 'l;wkwfumxdkifaeav7m
xrDuGif;vH k ;awmh uÈwfroGm;ao;yg? cg;em;w0d kufwGif yH kusaeonf?
tys d Krav;>tay:yd ki f ;uawmh bvmusif;aeav_yD? yaxG;>a@S hwGif
7ifom;[if;vif;_zpfoGm;7rSKajumif h rdrdwmrSm @Sufpdwfajumufpdwf_zif h
7i fbwfay:vuf0 g ;E Sp fbuf< Su fum z H k ;umxm;v d ku fr d avonf?
rvH krvJumuG<fxm;rSKav;u oem;p7maumif;ovdk 7rufaZmjuGzG<f
7mvnf;_zpfonf?
onftaetxm;onf rufarmzG<f7mwrs d K ;aumif;onfrd k h
ud koef;[efu acwWrsufapht7omcHum junfhaevd kufao;onf?
_yD;r S- -
Þ eif h7 J hE d k h juD;awGud k junfhcsifvd k h xrD7ifvsm;a_zcscd ki f ;wm?
tc kvd k vufe J humxm;awm h b<f_ri f7r SmvJ? ei fu [k daumi f
Ad kvfjuufacs;rd kufu<fa@S hr Sm Ed k hay:zifay:_yae_yD; ud k<f hyaxG;a@S husrS
zH k ;vm;uG<fvm; vkyfraeygeJ h? eif hvufawGud k z<fcsvd kuf- - ß
226
r d r dw mon f 7 i fbw fw G i f @ Su f @ G H h p G mt k y fu mxm ; ao m
vufESpfbufudk ab;odk hwef;csxm;vd kuf7onf? @SufvGef;vSaomajumif h
acgif;juD;ud k iH k hxm;onf?
r d k hxGm;aom7ifom;qd ki fE Sp fc kuawmh _yL;_yL;juD;ay:aeav_yD?
r dr dwmrSm touf(12)E Sp fausm fausm fom@S dao;aomfvnf; ud k<fvH k ;
ud k<faygufuawmh t_ywfud kxGm;onf? <ck ud koef;[ef_rif7aom
r dr dwm>E d k ht H k ju D ; r s m ;on f (34)vufr | 7i ftw d k i f ;twmawm h
aumif;aumif;@ S dE d li fonf?
Þ tm;yg;- -Edk hjuD;awGu xGm;vScsnfvm;[? eifhudk rd kufu<fu
aumif;aumif;Ed k hqG Jxm;w<f xifw<f- - ß
udkoef;[efu xGm;tdavaom7ifom;ESpfr$mudk ac:awmwaxmif
tm;rsufvH k ;rsm;_zif h pl;pl;7J7Jjunfh7if; tHjudwfuma_ymonf? rdrdwm
yd kIacgi f ;i H k hoGm;onf?
Þ acgif;juD;iH k hrxm;eJ h? armhprf; ß
rdrdwmiH k hxm;aomacgif; armhvmonf? @Sufpdwfajumif he D _ref;um
227
0rf;enf;pdwf_zif h id kr J hr J hav;_zpfum rsuf7nfrsm;0JaeonfhrsufESmav;ud k
ud koef ;[efu auseyfp Gmjunh fonf? r<m;ygorD ;av;ud k <ckvd k
yd kifyd kifEd lifEd lif Øudkif×aeEdlifrSKudkvnf; tvGefoabmusaeonf? udkrd kufu<f
ud kvnf; pdwfxJrSjudwfum aus;Zl;wifaeavonf?
Þ igar;wmudk rSe fr Se fa_zprf; rdwm? eif hE d k hawGud k rd kufu<fu
tyDqG Jay;aew<f r[kwfvm;- - ß
rdrdwm@Suf@SufESi f hyif acgif;ndwfvd kuf7@Smonf?
Þ ' DaumifqG Jay;xm;vd k h ei f hE d k ht H kawG ' Dvd k juD ;aewmud k ; ?
Ed k hoD;aum pd k hao;vm;- - ß
rdrdwm rsufESmxlyloGm;onf? 'gayr<fh a@ShrsufESmaemufxm;um
acgif;awmh ndwf_yvd kuf7@Smonf?
Þ eif twGif;cHabmif;bD 0wfxm;ovm;- - ß
rdrdwm twGif;cHabmif;bD0wfv#ufom;@Sdaeajumif; udkoef;[efu
odonf? wrifar;_cif;_zpfonf?
228
rdrdwm rsufESmylylE Si f h acgif;ndwf_y7_yefonf?
Þ 'gqd k7if tJ'DtwGif;cHabmif;bD cÈwfvd kuf- - ß
rdrdwmrSm rd k ;judK;ypfc H7ovdk _zpfoGm;onf?
Þ tJ- -tJ'gawmh rcÈwfyg7apeJ h OD;av;juD;7<f ß
rdrdwmu toem;cH@ Smonf?
Þ pum;r@SnfeJ h? igucÈwfqd k cÈwf? 'gyJ- - ß
ud koef;[efu t_ywfa[mufvd kuf7m rdrdwmc_rm bmr#xyf
ra_ym0H hawmh? w[ifh[if hid k@ S d Kuf7if; rdrd>yifwDtwGif;cHabmif;bDav;udk
cÈwfvd kuf7@Smonf?
'l;axmufxdkifaeonfhtaetxm;rS cÈwf7onfhtwGuf rdrdwmtzdk h
tenf;i<fawmh uoduatmufEd li fonf? od k haomf onfvd ktaetxm;
ajumif h a_yav#maeonfhxrDcg;atmufyd ki f ;wGif tumtuG<f_zpfae7m
wrsd K;awmhaumif;aeonf[k qdk7ayrnf? rdrdwm>twGif;cHabmif;bD
229
cÈwfaerS Kud k ud koef;[eftae_zif h wd kuf@ k dufxifxif@ Sm;@ Sm;r_rifE d li f ?
vSKyf@ Sm;[efrsm;ud kom awGhEd li fonf?
rdrdwmonf cg;qDodk ha_yusaeaomxrDpudk b<fvuf_zifhudkifum
xde f ;v#uf nmvufud kxrDatmufod k hv# d Kum twGi f ;c Habmi f ;bDud k
cÈwfcsonf? abmif;bDa_yav#musoGm;ap7ef 'l;wkwfae7mrSa_caxmuf
wacsmi f ;c si f ;u d k wvSnf hp Dqe f hwe f ;7onf? cÈwf _y D ;aomtwGi f ;c H
abmi f ;bDud k tomqG Jxkwfum ab;em;wGi fc sxm;onf? _y D ;awmh
xr Du d k c g ;w0 d ku ftom aoaooy foy f av ; _ z p f at m i f _ y Ku m
ud k<fatmufyd ki f ;ud k zH k ;z dumuG<fonf? xrDud kpnf;ywfum cg;wGif
0wf_cif;awmh rvkyf0H h? xd kod k hvkyfr dygu udkoef;[efu xrDt_ywfcÈwf
cd ki f ;r Sm pd k ;onf?
u k doe f ;[e fuawm h o l h r<m ;y gor D ; av;v ky f aey H k r s m ;u d k
tptqHk;yif tomapmifhIjunfhaeonf? rdrdwmonf acgif;iH k hrxm;awmh?
rsufv$mawmh csxm;onf?
rdrdwm zH k ;z H k ;z dz dvkyf_yD;aomtcgwGifr S- -
Þ twGif;cHabmif;bD ig hud kvSrf;vd kufprf;- - ß
230
rdrdwm rsufESm7JueJ_zpfoGm;_yefonf?
cÈwfc sxm;aomtwGi f ;c Habmi f ;bDud k vSr f ;Iaumufay;um
udkoef;[efud k urf;ay;vd kuf7@Smonf? xdkod k hurf;tay;wGif 'l;axmuf
xdkufae7mrS udk<fud ktomjuG77m| aemufbufyd ki f;rSxrDonfav#musI
zifjuD;ay:oGm;onf? ud koef;[efrSm rdrdwma@S hwnfhwnfhwGifxd ki fae7m
aemufbufyd kif;zifjuD;ay:oGm;rSKud kawmh wdkuf@k dufr_rif7? t7dyfta<mif
omawG h7onf?
udkoef;[efu rdrdwm>twGif;cHabmif;bDav;udk tom_zef hIyif
junf hvd kufao;onf? tys d Krav;0wfxm;7mrS vwfwavmcÈwfypf
vd kufonfhtwGif;cHabmif;bDav;rd k h tys d Ke H hu oif;oif;av;@S daeonf?
_zef hjunfh7onfrSm wrsdK;pdwfvSKyf@Sm;7ifckefzG<f7m_zpfonf? udkoef;[efu
_ze f h junf h _y D ;aemuf twGi f ;c Habmif ;bDav;ud k c Hwifa_c7if ;em;wGi f
tomcsxm;vd kufonf?
Þ eif hxrDud kay;- -aoaocsmcsmacguf_yD; ay;aemf ß
ud koef;[ef xyfrHapcd ki f ;a_ymqd kvd kufrS Konf rdrdwmudk tjuD;
tus<fxdwfvef hwkefvSKyfoGm;aponf? apcd ki f;onfhtwdki f;vkyfay;7v#if
231
rdrdwmrSm udkoef;[efa@S harSmufwGif Ed k hjuD;awGomru? zifta_ymifom;?
tzkwft_yL;om;ESif h ud k<fvH k;wD;_zpf7ayawmhrnf?
rdrdwmonf udkoef;[efud k tvef hwjum;yifjunfhvd kufrdonf?
Þ ig hud k rsufvH k;_yL;_yD;junfhraeeJ h? eif hxrDud k aoaocsmcsm
acguf_yD; ay;prf;vd k ha_ymaew<f- -vkyfav- - ß
ud koef;[efu cyfqwfqwfa_ymvd kufonf?
r dr dwmonf awmi f ;ye ftoem;c Hrnf _y Kao;onf? od k haom f
rdr du b<fvd kawmif;yefawmif;yef| 7rnfr[kwfyJ twif;vkyfc d ki f ;rnf
om_zpfajumif; em;vnfonfhtwGuf awmif;yef_cif;r_yKawmh?
aygufrdonfhezl; rxl;awmh_yD? 0uf_zpfrSawmh rpifajumufaeI
r_zpf[koabmxm;v#uf udkoef;[efcd kif;onfhtwdkif; rvkyfvdkygaomfvnf;
vd kufemvkyfaqmif7avawmhonf?
rdr dwmu xrDud ktomcÈwfcsypfonf? a_yav#maeonfhtwGuf
cÈwf7onfrSmvnf; bmrSawmhrcuf? _yD;awmh uÈwfoGm;onfhxrDud k
232
aoaooyfoyfacgufonf? aygifESpfckudk wif;juyfpGmuyfum usHK husHK hav;
xd ki fxm;onf? tzkwfonf aygifE Sp fc kjum;rSnyfum _rKyfIaeonf?
xd kajumif h t0wftpm;r@S dawmhaomfvnf; tzkwfuawmh _yL;_yL;juD;
ray:ao;? qD;pyfae7mavmufom _rifomaeonf?
aoaooyfoyfacguf_yD;aomxrDud k ud koef;[efxHod k h vSrf;ay;
vd kufonf? xd kod k hxrDvSr f ;ay;vd kuf7_ci f ;onf yaxG;ud koef ;[ef>
a@S harSmufwGif vHk;0t@S H K;ay;vdkuf7onfhtxdrf;trSwf_zpfajumif;udkvnf;
rdrdwmc_rm 0rf;enf;ajuuGJpGm em;vnfvdkuf7@Smonf? a@S hqufawGhjuHK
7rnfrsm;ud k 7ifqd ki fvky faqmifay;Ed li f7efvnf; rdr dud k<fr dr dtm;wif;
ae7onf?
ud koef;[efu rdrdwm>xrDud k apmapmucsxm;aom twGif;cH
abmif;bDuav;em;wGif uyfIcsxm;vd kufonf?
jurf ; _yi fwGi f us H K hus H K hav;xk di faeaom r<m;ygorD ;av;>
0wfvpfpvpfud k< fvH k ;u d kawm h ud koe f ;[e fu cHwi fay:r Sxd ki fum
tyDud kjunfh@ S Kc Hpm;aeavonf?
rdrdwmonf vufESpfbufud kaygif7if;ay:wifum vuf0g;rsm;ud k
233
rodrom_zef hI qD;pyfem;wGifumxm;onf? acgif;ud ki H k honfvnf;r[kwf|
armhonfvnf;r[kwf yH kr Se ftaetxm;wGi fxm;onf? rsufv$mawmh
csxm;onf? rsufESmonf wGwfwGwfeD_ref;aeonf? ESKwfcrf;av;ud k
rodromud kufxm;onf?
r d k hxGm;avaom7ifom;qd ki frsm;onf uÈJaumoD;tvwfpm;ud k
xufy d ki f ; _zwfum 7ifbwfwGi fuyfxm;ovd k vH k ;0e f ;r d k h juGaeonf?
Ed k hoD;acgif;ESp fc k plaumhaxmifwufaeonf? aumifrav;onf t7rf;
@Sufajumuf0rf;enf;ovdk pdwfvnf;tawmftoifhvSKyf@Sm;Ed k;juGaeajumif;
ud koef;[ef7dyfpm;rdonf? usH K hus H K hxd ki fxm;rS Kajumif h a_caxmufrsm;auG;
ae7m _zLazG;aomaygifwefrsm; yd kIwif;wif;7if;7if;@S donf? aygifwef
rsm;onf wkwf_zd K;onf? awmif hoefonf? cg;av;vdrfovdk_zpfae7m
wifw_crf;juGwufIaeonf? <cktaetxm;wGif ud koef;[eftae_zif h
r dr dwm>apmufywfud k r_ri f7yg? rdr dwmuvnf; zH k ;umIEd li for#
zH k ;umxm;7m tzkwf>t7dyfta<mifav;r#yif ay:rae?
od k haomf udpPr@S dyg? ud koef;[eftae_zif h tzkwfud k _rifvd kv#if
t_ycd ki f ;vd k h7onfhtaetxm;wGif @S daeonf? olu,_yqd kv#if rdrdwmu
az:vSpf_yo7ayvdrf hrnf?
234
Þ eifu ratwlorD;y J? Ed k hawGqH kawGu eif htaravmuf
rjuD;ayr<fh udk<fvHk;udk<fxnftcsdK;tqufuawmh tarhtquftayguf
rs d K ;y J? aemufqd k eif htarvdk Ed k hjuD;juD;| zifum;um;eJ h vH k;juD;aygufvS
wayG hwyd kufjuD;_zpfvmrSm aocsmw<f? eif htarawmh igud k<fwH k;vH k ;
tm;7atmif_rif7_yD; _y D? eif hud kvnf; 'Dvd kud k<fwH k ;vH k ;junfhcsi faewm
tckrS junfh7w<f? udki f;- -yd ky D _yifatmif rwfwyf7yf_yprf;- - ß
vm_yD? ud koef;[efu pvm_yD?
rdr dwmrSm wudk<fvH k ;y l;xlIyifoGm;onf? od k haomf ud koef;[ef
cd ki f ;onfhtwdki f;vkyf7rnfrd k h usH K hus H K h@ k H h@ k H hav;xd ki fae7mrS rwfwyfx7yf
7@ Smonf? vuf0g ;E Sp fc kud kawmh aygi fc GqH kay:y l ;uyfwifxm;onf?
a_caxmufESpfacsmif;udkvnf; t7rf;uGm[_cif;r@S dap7ef txl;owdxm;um
rwfwyf7yfonf?
[yfzfbvl;ac: ~syefr_ymhw_ymZmwfum;rsm;xJrS rif;orD;av;awG
tzkwfray:7avatmif umuG<fxm;onfhtoGifrs d K ;? @SufvGef;vSonfh
twGuf rsufE Smomru rdr dwm>wud k<fvH k ;yi f yef ;E ka7mi fa_y;I
aeonf?
235
rsuf7nfrsm;uvnf; aygufaygufusIaeonf? w[if h[if h
@ S d Kufi d kr d7m wcsuf@S d Kufvd kufavwdki f ; bvmusif;aeaom7ifom;qd ki f
wd k honf odrf hueJndrf hueJvSKy fcgonf?
Þ [dkbufvSnf hprf;- -eif hwifqH kjuD;awGud k junfh7atmifß
rdrdwmonf udk<fud kwywfvSnf hay;vd kuf7onf? udkoef;[ef
bufod k h rsufESmrlv#uf7yfae7mrS ausmay;I7yfaeonfhtaetxm;od k h
a_ymif ;oGm;onf?
ud koef;[efonf r<m;ygorD;av;> udk<faemufyd ki f ;tvSud k
aumif;aumif;juD;rsufapht7omcHum junfh@S Kaeavonf?
rdr dwmonf wifyg;qH kud kawmh zH k ;z H k ;umumrvkyfyg? olr>
vufESpfbufonf a@S hbufaygifcGjum;tzkwfay:wGifom tkyfwifxm;
onf ? xd k a jumi f h o lr>aemufy d k i f ;r S m bmtumtuG<fr Sr@ S d ?
pif;vH k ;acsmyvmusif;I a_ymif@Si f;aeavonf?
q<fausmfouft@G<f aumifrav;wa<mufrd k h tom;qdkifwdk hu
uspfvpfwif;7if;onf? ql_zd K;awmif hwif;onf? yckef;om;rsm;vH k ;0ef;um
236
tcsd K;usonf? ausm_yifu ajumh@S<foG<fvsonf? cg;usifaomfvnf;
oefonf? wifqH kjuD;u um;tdaeonf? ud koef;[ef>pdwfxJwGi f
cef hrSef;junfh7m zifjuD;>twdkif;twmonf (36)vufrawmh tenf;qHk;
@ S d rn f[kxi fonf? a_caxmufE Sp fac smi f ;u d k xdE d l i for #xduy fum
7yfxm;aomajumif h zifom;_crf;juD;ESpfckonf ckef;armufum| aemufod k h
wpfIjuGwufaeonf?
Þ a_caxmufawG bmvdk h' Davmufawmifpk_yD; uyfxm;7wmvJ?
cGm_yD; 7yfprf;- - ß
rdrdwm>aphuyfxm;aoma_caxmufESpfck uGm[onf? odyftrsm;
juD;awmh r[kwfyg? a_cmufvufromomavmufr#om?
Þ aemufud k enf;enf;qkwfvmprf;- - ß
rdrdwm aemufod k ha_cwvSrf;qkwfvd kuf7onf?
ud koef;[efbufod k h ausmay;um7yfaeonfhtwGuf aemufod k h
a_cwvSrf;qkwf_cif;onf ud koef;[ef@S d7mESi f h a_cwvSrf;pmyd kIeD;uyf
oGm;onf?
237
Þ aemufwvSrf; xyfqkwfvd kuftkef; ß
rdrdwm cd ki f;onfhtwdki f;vkyf7onf?
<ckqd kv#i f r dr dwmonf ud koe f ;[e fxd ki faeaomc Hwi fE Si f h
vufwvSrf;ruGmwuGmodk hyif a7muf@S daeav_yD? udkoef;[efu udk<fudk
ud ki f;v#uf vufwqHk;qef hvd kufv#if rdrdwm>zifjuD;ud k vSrf;ud ki fE d li f
onf?
Þ a_caxmufud k um;vd kufav- - ß
rdrdwmonf nma_cud kab;bufod k ha@$ hum um;7yfvd kufonf?
a_caxmufESpfc k wayomomuGmoGm;onf? um;oGm;onfhaygifc Gjum;rS
i H k h junfhrnfqd kv#if tzkwfud kcyfa7;a7;_rifEd li fonf?
Þ enf;enf;yd kum;vd kuftkef;- - ß
rdrdwm>a_caxmufESpfck waycG Jomomcef huGmoGm;onf? rdrdwm
onf apmufzkwfud kz H k ;xm;onfhvufrsm;ud k atmufqDod k hy d ka7mufatmif
wGef;yd k honf? aemufbuf@S dud koef;[ef um;xm;onfha_caxmufESpfacsmif;
238
jum;rSvSrf;junfhv#if tzkwfud kr_rifEd li fatmif wwfEd li for#umuG<f
xm;onf?
onftcgud koef;[efu wrsd K;xGifvmonf?
Þ ei f hvu fz0 g ; aw Ge J h ' l ; ac gi f ; aw Gu d kv Sr f ;u d k i fv d ku fpr f ;
r dwm- - ß
rdr dwmrSm ausm@k d ;wav#mufat;pdr f hatmifyif @Sufajumuf
wke fvSKy foGm;7@Smonf?
ud koef;[ef>apcd ki f;r S Konf 7ufa7mvSovdk ynmvnf;ygonf?
a_caxmufESp fc kud kum;v#uf7yfae7mrS 'l;acgif;rsm;ud kvufz0g;ESi f hvSrf;
ud ki f7rnfqd k _cif;rSm zifukef;_ycd ki f ;onfESif h bmr#r_cm;yg? udkoef;[efud k
ausmay;um zifukef;_y7v#if tzkwfuvnf; t_yL;om;ud kay:oGm;ay
awmhrnf? tzkwfudkzH k ;tkyfumuG<f7ef vufz0g;awGuvnf; @S dawmhrnf
r[kwf?
rdr dwmtae_zif h olrapmufzkwfud k ud kr d kufu<fjunfhEd li fap7ef
_ycJ hz l ;onfhtawGhtjuHKawmh@S donf? od k haomf <ckvd ktaetxm;rs d K ; _zif h
239
r[kwf? _yD;awmh ud kr d kufu<ftay:wGif rdr dwmu rdrdud kaiGaju;
vd ktyfcsuf_znf hqnf;ay;aeolwa<muft_zpf oabmxm;El di fc J honf?
yaxG ;u d koe f ;[e fq d kwmuawm h r dr dwmjunf hr7atmi fu d k
@ G H@ Smrke f ;wD;aeaomol?
rdr dwmrSm ud koef;[efc d ki f ;onfud kvky fay;7ef wGe f hqkwfqkwf
_zpfIaeonf? vkyfud krvkyfcsif? rvkyfIr7onfud kvnf; odaeonf?
rsuf7nfawGusqif;um ililjuD;7yfIaeavonf? udkoef;[efu bmr#
ra_ym? tomyif xdki fIjunfhaeonf? rdrdc d ki f ;wmudkvkyfay;zd k h rdrdwm
tvGefyif0efav;aerSef; oluaumif;aumif;odonf? rnfr#0efav;aeonf
_zpfap| aumifrav;vkyfud kvkyfay;7rnfom_zpfonfud kvnf; odonf?
ol htwGuf rdrdwmwHk hqd ki f;qd ki f;_zpfae[efav;uyif wrsd K;t7omcHp7m
_zpfaeayonf?
twefjum_yD;onf haemufwGif rdr dwmonf pdwfud kwif;v#uf
ud koe f ;[e fapc d ki f ;onf htwd ki f ; vd ku femvky faqmi f7avawmhonf?
7ifeifhvSaomajumifh w[if[ifh@S d Kufid kaerdonf? tzkwfudkzH k;tkyfxm;onfh
vufrsm;ud kvnf; z<fvd kuf7onf? xdktcg um;xm;onfhaygifc Gjum;rS
aeI tzkwfav;cyfazgif;azgif;_zpfaeonfht7dyftoGifud k ud koef;[ef
240
rxifr@Sm;pawGh7onf? ieJom;onf auseyftm;7pGmyif ESKwfcrf;ud k
@ SmESi f hoyfvd kufonf?
r dr dwmonf vufESp fbuf_zi f h r dr d>b<fnm'l ;acgi f ;rsm;ud k
vSr f ;Iud ki fonf? TwGi ftvd kvd kyi f zi fuke f ;7ufom;_zp foGm;onf?
t7rf;juD;zifukef;ae_cif;r_zpfap7ef rdrdwmu a_caxmufESpfacsmif;ud k
cy fauG ;auG ;v ky fv d ku fonf? xd ktcg zi fu ke f ;r S Ko dy fr[kwfawm hy J
uGwwtaetxm; _zpfIoGm;onf? 'gayr<fh ud koef;[efucGif hr_yK?
Þ a_caxmufawG bmvdk hauG;oGm;7wmvJ? aumif;aumif;
qef hxm;av- - ß
rdrdwm>auG;xm;aoma_caxmufrsm; qefhoGm;juonf? zifukef;rSK
taetxm;_ye fa7mufonf? rsuf7nfrqnfEd li fawmh? uke f ;7ufom;
taetxm;rd k h rsuf7nfwd k honf jurf;_yifay:od k haygufaygufusonf?
yaxG;udkoef;[efu onfr#ESif hrauseyfao;? r<m;ygorD;av;udk
y d kIzifukef;7ufom;_zpfap7ef xyfrHapcd ki f ;_yefavonf?
Þ tif;- -junfhvd k hawmhaumif;w<f? 'gayr<fh zifu igvd kcsif
241
oavmuf ukef;roGm;ao;bl;? 'Dawmh eif ha_cusif;0wfawGud k vSrf;qkyf
ud ki fvd kuf- -a_caxmufawGud kawmh auG;rypfeJ h? qef hxm;- - ß
rdrdwmwudk<fvHk; wkefoGm;7_yefonf? odk haomf aumifrav;onf
apmapmuvdk wHk hqd kif;qd kif;_zpfraeawmh? 'l;acgif;ESpfzufay:wifxm;aom
vufz0g;rsm;ud k a_cusif;0wfqDod k h tomav#mcsqkyfud ki fvd kufonf?
zifyd kIukef;oGm;onf? tzkwfonf zifjum;rSr_yLhw_yLxGufIvmonf?
udkoef;[eftae_zif h yxrqHk;tjudrft_zpf r<m;ygorD;av;>apmufzkwf
EkEkzwfzwfav;ud k eD;e D;uyfuyfxifxif@Sm;@Sm; _rif7avawmhonf?
Þ tm;yg;- -w<fvSwJ hapmufzkwfuGm- -Ektdazgif;aewmyJ?
apmufar$;awmif raygufao;ygvm;- - ß
udkoef;[efonf olhr<m;ygorD;av;>apmufywfudk rsufvHk;juD;
_yL;umjunfh@k Homr[kwf| yg;pyfuyg rcsif hr7JtoH_zif hrSwfcsufcsvd kuf7m
rdrdwmrSm atmhESvH k ;em_yD;7if; emae7avawmhonf?
wu<fawmh rdrdwmapmufzkwfwGif apmufar$;rsm;pwifayguf
aeyg_yD? odk haomf aygufumprd k h cyfa7;a7;av;om@S dao;onf? cHwifay:rS
xd ki fjunfhaeaomudkoef;[eftae_zif h r<m;ygorD;av;>apmufywfud k
242
aumif;aumif;awGhEd li faomfvnf; aygufumpapmufar$;a7;aw;aw;av;
ud kawmh b<fvd kr Sr_rifEd li fyg?
x d ko d k h z i fu k e f ; _ yv #u ftaetxm ;u d k twe f jumatmi f
aoaocsmcsmjunfh@S Krsufapht7omcH_yD;aemuf udkoef;[efu rdrdwmudk
taetxm;wrs d K ;a_ymif;c d ki f ; _yefonf?
Þ udki f;- -yufvufvSef tdyf_yygtkef;- - ß
ud koe f ;[ef@ S daeonf hc Hwifay:od k h rwufvd kaomrdr dwmonf
c Hwifatmufjurf; _yi fay:wGi fyi f yufvufvSe fumvS Jtdy fvd kufonf?
rwwfomonfhta_ctaerd k h yaxG;cd ki f ;or# a@S hrsufESmaemufxm;um
@Sufajumuf7ifempGmvkyfae7aomfvnf; wwfEd li for#awmh yaxG;ESi f h
cy fc Gmc GmaeEd li for#aevd k h7atmif rdr dwmjudK ;pm;@ Smonf? 'guvnf;
<ckvd kvkyfaqmif_y7rSKrsm;onf tvdkwljunf_zLrS kajumif hr[kwfajumif;
wenf;wvrf; xkwfaz:_yoonfhoabm[k qdk7ayrnf?
jurf;_yifay:wGif yufvufvSeftdyf7mwGif rdrdwmonf b<fa_c
axmufudkomqefhv#uf nma_caxmufudkawmh auG;auG;av;axmifxm;
onf?
243
udkoef;[efxd ki faeonf hae7monf rdr dwm>nmbufwGi f@ S d7m
<ckvd krdrdwmu nma_cudkcyfauG;auG;av;axmifxm;_cif;_zif h tzkwfud k
ud koef;[eftxif;om;r_rif7atmif umxm;ovdk_zpfonf?
ud koef;[efonf cHwifay:rStomqif;vd kufum- -
Þ nma_caxmufud k qef hxm;vd kufav- -onfvd kauG; _y D ;
axmifrxm;eJ h- - ß
rdrdwm>nma_c qef hqif;oGm;onf? aumifrav;onf rsufaph
pH kr S dwfxm;vd kufonf? rS dwfxm;aomrsufcG Hrsm;tjum;rS rsuf7nfwd k hu
vdrf hqif;usaeonf? 0rf;enf;ajuuGJ@ Smayvdrf hrnf?
b<fbufnmbufa_cE Sp facsmi f ;vH k ; qef hqe f h juD ;pi f ;xm;7m
qD;c ke fu armufIwufaeonf? qD;c ke fatmufr Sapmufz kwfuvnf;
r d k h az gi f ;v#uf? p dw fxJu vd kvm;E Sp fouf _ci f ;tvsO f ;r@ S donf hw d ki f
ud koef;[efapcd ki f ;r S Krsm;ud k _yKvkyf_yoae7_cif;u rdrdwm>tysd K _zpfp
ql _z d K ;ve f ;qe f ;op fv Gi faom aoG ;om;r sm ;u d k obm0oabmt7
vSKyf@Sm;qla0vmaponfuawmh trSef? pdwfvSKyf@ Sm;7rufaoG;qlvmrSK
ESi f htwl apmufzkwfuvnf; avxdk;oGif;xm;ovdk rd k hr d k h juD;azgif;wuf
244
vmonfy Jav? apmufz kwfazgi f ;wufonfomru apmufap hvnf;
aig haig haxmifv#uf@S donf?
udkoef;[efu rdrdwm>cg;nmbufem;avmufwGif tom'l;axmuf
xd ki fcsonf? _yD;awmh aumifrav;>nma_caxmufud kud ki fum ab;od k h
qG Jum;onf? b<fa_caxmufud kvnf; wbufod k hum;xGufoGm;7e f
wGe f ;xkwf_yefonf?
r dr dwmonf rsufaphp H kr S dwfum wkwfwkwfr#rvSKy f? olr>
a_caxmufESp facsmif;uawmh ud koef;[efqG Jum;xkwfvd kufonfhtwd ki f ;
cyfum;um;juD;_zpfaeonf? aygifjuD;awGum;oGm;v#ifum;oGm;oavmuf
ay gi f7i f ;c Gq H k r S apmufz kw f ju D ;uvnf ; y d kIy D _yi fay:v Gi fvmonf?
ud koef;[efonf r<m;ygorD;av;>cg;nmbufab;wGif 'l;axmufxd ki f
ae7mrS tzkwfud kukef;Ijunfhonf? apmapmuxufyd ke D ;uyfpGmjunfh7
onfhtwGuf rdrdwm>apmufywfrS aygufumpapmufar$;EkEka7;aw;aw;
rsm;ud k _rifoGm;avawmhonf?
Þ a[m- -igu eif hapmufywfrSm apmufar$;awmifraygufao;
bl;xifaewm? vufpowfawmh eifu tar$;p_yD; aygufumpav;udk;[
aumif;w<f- -aumif;w<f ß
245
udkoef;[efu acgif;wndwfndwf_zif hr Swfcsufcsonf? xd kpum;
oHud k jum;ae7avaomrdrdwmrSm ae7mwGifyifvJaoypfvd kufcsifonfh
p dwfawGyif aygufvmonf?
Þ rSe f;prf;- -EkEkxGwfxGwfaygufump apmufar$;av;awGud k
ud ki fjunfh7atmif- - ß
a_yma_ymqd kq d k ud koe f ;[e f>vufu apmufar $ ;av;r sm ;
cy fa7 ;a7 ;ay gu faeaom apmu fz kw f@ S d 7mo d k h qe f hv Sr f ;vmonf ?
csufcsif;vSrf;ud ki f_cif;r[kwf? tom_znf;_znf;av;qif;vm_cif;_zpfonf?
rsufaphrS dwfxm;aomfvnf; toHudkjum;7onfhtwGuf udkoef;[ef
bmvkyfawmhrnfudkodaom rdrdwmrSm| 7ifawGw'def;'def;ckefIaeavonf?
tzkwfqDod k h ud koef;[ef>vufrusa7mufrD vuf>tylaiG hud k pwif
xdawGhc Hpm;7onf? xdktcg aumifrav;>cg;av; wGef hueJ_zpfonf?
tvdkvd kyifwifud ka@$ hum @kef;z<fvd kufrdonf? 'guvnf; udkoef;[efud k
uvefuqefvkyfwmawmh r[kwfyg? tysdK@k dif;rav;yDyD tzkwftxdtudkif
c H7awmhrnf hta_ctaewGif tvdktav#mufvSKyf@ Sm;a@SmifxGufrd_cif;om
_zpfonf?
246
Þ _idrf_i dr faeprf;? [dkvSKyfonfvSKyfrvkyfe J h? ig ar$;!Syfe J h!Syf_yD;
wyifcsi f;qG JE S Kwfypfvd kufvd k h aygufumpapmufar$;awG a_ymifwvif;
cgukeftkef;r<f- - ß
ud koef;[efu cyfqwfqwf[def;a[mufvd kufonf?
rdr dwm rvSKyf@ Sm;0H hawmh? _idr fIoGm;onf?
u d koe f ;[e fu apmufar $ ;E kE kav;r sm ;u d k tomud ki fonf?
aoaocsmcsm wyifcsif;ud ki fjunfh7m| aumifrav;rSm @Sufvnf;@Suf|
ajumufvnf;ajumuf| tonf;vnf;<m;ESi f h _zpfae7@Smonf?
ay gu fumpapmu far $ ; av;r s m ;u w d kw d k av ;yi f @ S d ao ;7m
apmufar$;ud kud ki f _cif; _zpfaomfvnf; apmufzkwfud kvnf; rawmfwq
xdrdonf? xdkrawmfwqxdrdrS Kuvnf; rdrdwmudk juufoD;awGzsef;ueJ
zse f;ueJ xaponf? rdrdwmonf apmufzkwfxJvD;xd k ;oGif;um tvdk;rcH
zl;ao;onfh tysdKppfppfav;_zpfonfhwdkif udkrd kufu<fu erf;udkifES kwfyGwf
trs d K ;p H kvkyfxm;_yD; _zpf7m olr>aoG;om;wd k hr Sm zd k"gwfESi f hxdawG hr S Kud k
E Sp foufaomobm0 @S doif hoavmuf@S daeonf? <cktzkwfud ktxdcH7
onfwGif rD;yGi f hrwwfud k _zpfukefawmhonf?
247
rdrdwm>touf@SLoH ododomomudk us<favmif_refqefvm
onf? r d k h 0e f ;aom7i fom;qd ki f ju D ;E Sp fc k e dr f h _ri f hv S Ky f@ S m ;vmonf?
ud koef;[efu usefvufwbuf_zif h Ed k htH kwckud k vSrf;ud ki fqkyfe<fay;
vd kufonf?
Þ td k- - ß
aumifrav;>yg;pyfrS toHav;oJhoJ hay:xGufonf? udk<fvH k;
r Smvnf; qwfueJwGe f honf? onfvd k _zpfoGm;7rS KtwGuf rdr dwmrSm
rdrdud k<frdr d xk@d kufypfcsifatmifyif rke f;wD;rdonf?
ud koe f ;[efu use fE d k ht H kwc kud k a_ymi f ;Iqky fe<f _ye fonf?
ppcsif; cyfzGz Gav;ud ki fonf? _yD;rS cyfwif;wif;qkyf!Spfonf?
Þ [if h- - ß
toHrxGufatmif judK;pm;xdef;onfhjum;rSyif rdrdwm>ESKwfzsm;rS
a7@GwfoHav; xGufoGm;onf?
Þ eif hp dwfawGxvm_yDr[kwfvm; aumifrav; ß
248
ud koe f ;[ef>tar;ud k r dr dwmra_z? tHwif ;wif ; judwfum
rsufap hud kvnf ; wtm;yi fr S dw fIxm;onf? xd kt_y Ktr luv#i fyi f
rdr dwm>pdwftpOf xl;_cm;pGmvSKyf@ Sm;aeajumif; odomEd li fonf?
ud koef;[ef fu ol>vufESpfzufud kz<fodrf;um aemufod k hqkwf
onf? tenf ;i<fc sr f ;om7m7_y D[ k r dr dwm[i f ;c srnf _y Kq Jr S myi f
ud koef;[ef> yd ki fy d ki fE d li fE d li fapcd ki f ;vd kufoH ay:vmonf?
Þ av;bufaxmufvd kufprf; rdwm- - ß
rdrdwm>pdwftpOf _yefvnfvSKyf@ Sm;vm7onf? xdwfvef h7ifzd k
vm7onf? olr>rdcifcifaracsmudk av;bufukef;cd ki f;_yD;| udkoef;[efu
taemufrScG kvd k ;onfud k rdrdwmacsmif;junfhawG h _rifz l;onf? <ck rdrd
udkvnf; rdcifjuD;enf;wl aemufbufrScGvdk;Ed lif7ef av;bufukef;cd kif;_cif;
rsm;vm;[kawG;um ajumufvnf;ajumuf| pdwfvnf;vSKyf@ Sm;_zpfvm
7onf?
Þ csrf;- -csrf;omay;yg OD;av;juD;7<f? tJ'Davmuftxdawmh
rvkyfygeJ h@ Si f- - ß
249
rdrdwmu awmif;yeftoem;cHvd kuf_yefonf?
Þ yJrsm;raeprf;e J h? av;bufukef;r Smom ukef;prf;- - ß
ud koef;[efu avoHrmrmESif ha_ymum rdrdwmud kcyfjurf;jurf;
qG J<lum av;bufaxmuf7ufom;_zpfatmif yd ki fy d ki fE d li fE d li f _yK_yif<l
vd kufonf? rdrdwmc_rm udkoef;[efa@S harSmuf av;bufaxmufum
ukef;7ufom;_zpfoGm;onf?
pwkwÔyd kif;ar#mfyg?
250
Þ tar_yD;awmh orD;(4) ß
r<m;ygorD;av; rdrdwmwa<muf olr>yaxG;ud koef;[ef>
a@S harSmufwGif t0wfryg| Avmudk<fvH k;wD;_zif h av;bufaxmufum
ukef;ay;7onfhta_ctaeod k h a7muf@S doGm;7@Smav_yD? pdwfxJrS vH k;0
vd kvm;junf_zLoabmwl_cif;r@S dy J rv$ Jomra@Smifomaomtajumif;uH
zefwD;rS Kajumif h rdrdtvGefrke f;wD;pufqkyfvSaom yaxG;>7rufcd k ;r $e f
aeaomrsufvH k ;r sm ;atmufwGi f av;bufuke f ;ay;aeonf ht_zp fu d k
r dr dwmrSm 0rf;enf;<lus H K ;r7@S dvSaomajumif h w[if h[if hyi fi d kajuG;
ae@Smonf? rsuf7nfrsm;vnf; aygufaygufusonf?
r dr dud ktxmud ki fc J haom r<m;ygorD;av;| rdr da@ S har SmufwGi f
uke f ;qd ku ke f ; | cÈwfqd kc Èwf | r dr dc d ki f ;or# vky faqmi fay;ae7r S Kud k
ud koef;[efuawmh t_ywfud kauseyfoabmusaeonf? <ckqd kv#i f
r dr dwmrSm rdrd>vufckyfxJua7b0odk h a7mufae_yD_zpf7m| av;buf
ukef;ae7aomaumifrav;ud k aemufrSc Gum t_ywfvd k ;ypfv#if7Ed li f _y D
ud kvnf; udkoef;[efaumif;aumif;odonf? ol>vD;acsmif;juD;uvnf;
t_ywfud krwfawmifIaeav_yD? vd k;rnfqd kygu tm;vH k ;a7ueftoif h
jumtoif h | td kaurSmpd ka_yaeonf[k qdk7rnf?
251
'gayr<fhieJom;u aumifrav;ud k wufrcsao;? olhwGiftjuH
aumif;awG@S daeonf? onfaumifrav;ud k t_ywfus d K ;E G Hum rdrdud k
vH k ;0rvSe fE d li fawmhy J wrf;wrf;p G J _zpfaeatmif pepfwus7rufaZmud k
E S d K ;q Gum t@Sufqd kIvH k ;0r@ S dawm hatmi f ususeeØud ki fw G<f ×7e f
uk doef;[efqH k ; _zwfxm;onf? onfvd kvky fz d k hvnf; ol hwGi ftcs de fawG
trsm;juD ;@ S daeonf? bmr StavmjuD ;p7mrvd k ? at;at;aq;aq;
Zdrf<l7if; wqif h _y D;wqif hwufoGm;7rnf?
u d koe f ;[e fonf av;bufaxmufumuke f ;ay ;aeavaom
r<m;ygorD;av;> 0wfvpfpvpfud k<fvH k ;ud k aoaocsmcsmrsufaph
t7omcHum junhfaeonf? junfhwmrS a@S hwnfhwnfh | ab;b<fnm|
aemufbuf| av;bufav;wefrSywfum tm;remwrf;ud kjunfhonf?
rde f;rwa<muf> udk<fvH k ;ud k<fxnftquftaygufonf av;buf
uke f ;aeonf htcs de fwGi f tay:vGi fqH k ;E Si f h _ri f7ol7rufaZmjuGp7m
taumif;qHk;_zpfonf[k udkoef;[efucH<lxm;onf? _yD;awmh av;buf
ukef;_y7rSKonf rdef;rtwGufvnf; usdK;EG HemcHpGm@S dae7rSKud k txl;xif@Sm;
aponf? _ri f7ola<muf sm;tae_zi f hvnf; uke f ;aeaomrde f ;rtay:
yd kifpd k;Ed lifrSKtm@kHt_ynfht0@Sdonf? <ckudkoef;[efwa<muf xdkt7omudk
aumif;aumif;c Hpm;ae7onf?
252
rdrdwmtzd k hr Smawmh yaxG;a@S harSmufwGif vH k;0tnHhc Ht@S H K ;ay;
vd kuf7onfhta_ctae_zpfaeyg_yD? av;bufukef;ae7aom rdrd>wudk<f
vHk;ud k yaxG;u ywfywfvnfae7ma@$ ha_ymif;um 7rufcd k;awGv#Haeonfh
ac:awmwaxmiftm;rsufvHk;juD;rsm;_zif h _yL;_yLumoGm;7nfw_rm;_rm;ESif h
junf h@ S Kaeonfud k rdr dwmonf atmhE SvH k ;emvSonf? rdr dwmc_rm
av;bufaxmufumuke f ;ae7aomajumif h acgi f ;vnf; i H k haevd k hr7?
'gajumifh acgif;udkid kufpdkufomcsI rsufaphudkpH krS dwfxm;onf? rSdwfxm;aom
rsufvH k ;wd k h>rsufcG Hrsm;tjum;rS rsuf7nfwd k h<d kp D;um jurf;_yifay:od k h
waygufaygufusonf? rdrd>Ed k hawG| zifawG| aygifwefjuD;awG| td k
aygifjum;u rdef;rt~Fgud kyg yaxG;u tyDt_yifjunfh@ S KawG h _rifaeonf
ud kvnf; aumifrav;odonf? @Sufvd kufwm tvGefygbJ? 0rf;enf;
vd k hvnf; rqHk;awmh?
tm;7atmifjunfh_yD;aemuf udkoef;[efu r<m;ygorD;av;>
tom;qd ki frsm;ud k ud ki fprf;onf? t7ifqH k ; nmbufycke f;tdtdav;ud k
ud ki fonf? nmvufarmi f ;tdtd _z d K ; _z d K ;ud k av#mueJy Gwfwd kufonf?
tjurf;ywrf;r[kwf? nifnifomomrS wu<fhud knifnifomomav;?
vufxdyfzsm;av;rsm;ESi f h @G@Gav;xdv#uf zGzGav;yGwfonf? rdrdwm
c_rmawmh juufoD;awGzse f;zse f ;x7onf? nifomonfrSe faomfvnf;
xdawG hr S Kud kawmh odEd li fonf? cHpm;aeonf? rdrdyaxG;u xdud ki fy Gwf
253
aeonf[laomtodwGif zdk"gwfr"gwf>xdawGhrSK> 7ruftm@kHu aygif;pyf
ae7m rdr dwmc_rm pufqky f@ G H@ Smc H _yi f ;onf hjum;u 7ifz d karm[k duf
wkefwcd kufcd kufvnf; _zpfae7onf?
nmvufarmif;ud ky Gwf_yD;aemuf nmbuf7ifom;ud k cyfzGz Gav;
qkyfud ki fvmonf? nmbufEd k hoD;acgi f ;ud kvnf; @G@ Gav;yGwfqG Jonf?
c s d K i f ; jum;r Svufu d ktomxd k ;E S d Ku fum vufu d ku d k i f _ ci f ; _zp fonf ?
ud koef;[ef vufxd k ;E S d KufE d li f7e f rdr dwmu nmbufvufarmif ;ud k
cs d Ki f ;r StomjuGay;7onf? nmbufEd k htud ki fc H | nmbufEd k hoD;tyGwfcH7
r S Konf r dr dwm>b<fbufE d k ht H kq Do d k hvn f ; tm@ k Hu l ;pu fonf ?
udkoef;[ef rxdrudkif7ygyJESif h b<fbufEdk hoD;onf pljuGaxmifwufonf?
b<fbufEd k htH k wif;rmvmonf?
aumifrav;>touf@SL _yif;vmonf?
Þ eif hE d k h juD;awGu t<faewmygvm;? ud kr d kufu<ft_ywf
qG Jay;xm;vd k h xifw<f? igvnf; ' DE d k h juD ;awGud kp H kqG J _y D ; ei f hud k
aumif;aumif;vd k ;7r<f? igvd k;wm cHr<fr[kwfvm; rdwm- - ß
ud koef;[efu avoHcyfwd k ;wd k ; _zi f ha_ymonf? xd kod k ha_ym_y D ;
254
r dr dwm>bvmusi f ;aeaomausm_yi fud k yg ;py f _zi f h _y Gwfue Juke f ;er f ;
vd kufonf? rdrdwm wGef hueJ_zpfonf? yg;pyfuawmh bmrS_yefra_ym?
rdrdwmonf udkoef;[efvd k ;wmud k cHzd k hrqd kxm;ESi f h? yaxG;_zpfolESi f h
rsufESmcsif;yif rqdki fvd kyg? od k haomfrdr dr Sm yaxG;ud kqef husif_iif;y<f
Ed li fonfhta_ctaer@S dawmhonfudk em;vnfav7m| rdrdu rcHvd kajumif;
a_ymvnf; bmr#xl;rnfr[kwf? yaxG;uwufvd k;r Sm aocsmaeonfrd k h
bmr#ra_ymyJ _idr fae_cif;_zpfavonf?
Þ a_zprf;ygtkef; rdwm7J h? igvd k ;wm eifcHr<fr[kwfvm;- - ß
ud koef;[efu xyfar;_yefonf?
Þ [if h- -[if h[if h- -tJ'grs d K ;awG rar;ygeJ hO Dav;juD;7<f?
_yD;awmh usrud kvnf; tJvd krs d K ;txdawmh rvkyfyge J h@ Si f- -raumif;
ygbl;? csrf;omay;yg [if h[if h ß
rdr dwmuid k@ S d Kuf7if; _yefa_ym7@Smonf?
Þ bm raumif;wmvJ? igu eif hyaxG;_zpfaevd k hvm;? yaxG;eJ h
r<m;y gor D ; vd k ; juwmbm_zp fv J ? ' Dv d ku dp Pr s d K ;awGu @ k d ;ae _y D ?
255
igvd k ;wmud k eifc H7r<frdwm? csr f ;omay;ygawGbmawG vkyfraeeJ h ?
eifvnf; igeJ hvd k ; _yD;7if ig hvD;juD;ud kt_ywfcd kufoGm;rSm? eif htarawmif
igvd k ;wmudk wrf;wrf;pG J _zpfaewm eiftodyJr[kwfvm;- - ß
ud koef ;[efonf r<m;ygorD;av;> ql_z d K ;tdxGm;avaom
tom;qd ki ftom;c Jr sm ;ud k tomt<mz Gz G@ G@ Gav; qufIy Gwfoy f
ud ki fwG<faeonf? wtm;ud ki f!Sp f _cif ; vH k ;0rvkyfao;? nifompGm
_yKaeonf? aumifrav;rSmawmh juufoD;awGwzsef;zse f;xI tonf;
wat;at;ESif h pdwft7rf;vSKyf@ Sm;aeonf?
b<fnmyckef;ESp fbufud k ud ki fonf? b<fnmvufarmif;rsm;ud k
y Gw foy fonf? E d k ht H k ju D ;E Sp fc ku d k wvSnf hp Dq ky fe<fy Gw fay;onf?
ausm_yifud k yGwfonf? 0rf;Ad kufrsm;ud k prf;onf? zifqH kjuD;rsm;ud k
oH k ;onf? aygi fwefjuD;rsm;ud k twGif;t_yifav#mwd kufy Gwfoyfonf?
zifud ki faygifud ki fvkyf7if; apmufywfESif hptd kwd k hud k rsufaphpm;yG Jxd ki fav
ao;onf? av;bufaxmufum ukef;ay;ae7onfrd k h rdrdwm>apmufzkwf
ESif hzifaygufwdk hrSm taxGtxl;xkwf_ycd kif;p7myifrvdk? aemufrSjunfhv#if
ty D _ri f ae7onf ? p dw fx Jutvd k rw laom fvnf ; z d k robm0t7
r dr dwm>ql _z d K ;aomaoG ;om;wd k h 7rufaZm_zi f hv S Ky f@ S m ;E d k ; ju Gae7m
tzkwfonfazgif;um t7nfjunfawGpdkaeonf? ptdk0uvnf; plIaeonf?
256
udkoef;[efu aygifcGjum;rSapmufzkwfudk tomudkifyGwfay;onf?
rdrdwmrSm wudk<fvH k ;v#yfppf"gwfvd kufovdk_zpfv#uf yg;pyfrS Øtd k ; ×[k
atmfonf? tzkwftudki fc H7rS Konf t_cm;aomtom;qd ki frsm;tudki fc H
7rS Kxuf tqaygi f ;rsm;p Gmxda7mufonf? umrqdyfud kw[ke fxd k ;yi f
xef_yif;vmaponf? aumifrav; 7ifwvSyfvSyf_zpfonf? 'l;awGyif
rcdkifcsifawmh? av;bufukef;ae7mrS tvdkvdkyif 'l;aysmumnGwfIusonf?
u d koe f ;[e fu r dr dwm>zi fq H k ju D ;u d k vSr f ;u d k i fx de f ;xm;
vd kuf_yD;- -
Þ [- -[- -'g b<fvdk_zpfoGm;wmvJ? zifjuD;ud k axmifxm;
prf;yg[- - ß
a_yma_ymqdkqdk aumifrav;>wifyg;juD;udk qGJyif h<lvdkufonf?
rdrdwm>zifjuD; _yefaxmifvmonf? aumifrav;onf av;bufukef;
taetxm;yif r[kwfawmh? 'l;wkwfum zifyl;awmif;axmifay;7onfh
taetxm;rs d K ;a7mufoGm;onf?
ud koef;[efu rdrdwm>apmufzkwfud k vuf_zif htkyfum tom
yGwfaeonf? aygufumptar$;EkEkav;rsm;ud kvnf; rxdwxdqG Jonf?
257
apmufaphud k tomyGwfvd kuf| apmufzkwftv<facgif r[w[tuGJ
ajumif;tjum; vufcv<f_zif hy GwfqG Jvd kuf vkyfonf? rdrdwmc_rm
w[if h[if hnnf;vd kuf| Øtd k ×ueJtouf@SLrSm;oGm;vd kuf| zifjuD;vSKyfcg
oGm;vd kuf| wudk<fvH k ;qwfqwfwkefoGm;vd kufESi f h _zpfIae@Smonf?
olronf b<fnmvufzse frsm;ud k jurf; _yi fay:auG;csv#uf
x d kvufz se fr sm ;ay: r su fE S mty fIxm;onf? yaxG ;v ky faeor#u d k
w[i f ;[i f ;nnf ;w Gm ;7i f ; wGe f hw Ge f hv de fv de f _zi f h c Hae7@ S monf ?
r dr dud k umrqdy ftwufjuGjuD;juGatmif yaxG;uES d K ;qGay;ae_ci f ;
_zp fajumif ; r dr dwmodonf? rdr dud k t7rf ;^Smxefatmifvky f _y D ;r S
wufvd k;rnf hyaxG;>tjuHud kvnf; 7dyfr dp_yKonf? 7ruft7rf;xef_yif;
cs de fwGifwufvd k;v#if rdrdtae_zif h yaxG;ESi f hwufnDvufnD tvdkwl
tvd ky gpy f<Sufr doGm;r Smud k r dr dwmt7rf ;p d k ;7 dr fonf? 'grs d K ;r_zp fvd k ?
rdrdomtae_zifh rv$Jomra@Smifomaomta_ctaeajumifh yaxG;_yKor#udk
tvd krwlyJc H7onfhoabmrs d K ;om @S dapvd konf? 'gajumif hr dr dwmonf
7rufaZmrjuG7atmif xdef ;onf? umrqdyfrwuf7atmif twif;
cs d K ;E S dr fonf?
b<frSmv#if 7Ed li fygrnfenf;?
258
udkoef;[efqdkwJhvlu rdef;rESif hywfoufI tawGhtjuHKtrsm;juD;
@S dwJ hol? rde f;rawG>t!Smud kvnf; odxm;ol? umrrSKenf;vrf;rs d K ;p H kud k
uÈr f ;ovd k rde f ;rrsm;t@Sufuke fvmatmif 7rufx^Smxefvmatmif
vkyfonfhtxmawGud kvnf; t_ywfodaeol?
_yD;awmh- -
rdrdwmrSmvnf; a~:7cg;| @Srf;w@kwfraoG;awG aESmxm;aom
rdef;uav;wa<mufrd k h rsdK;@k d;ADZt7yif 7m~juG<fonf? w^Sm_yif;onf?
_yD;awmh olrtouft@G<fuvnf; (12)ESpfausmfausmf (13)ESpftwGif;|
aoG;om;awGql_zdK;tm;aumif;vSonfhtcsdef? udkrd kufu<f>tudkiftyGwf|
terf;tpkyf | txdk;tES d KufawGcHxm;7rSKajumif h zd k"gwfESi f hr"gwfxdawG hr S K
t7omudk cHpm;zl;_yD; | vd kvm;ESpfoufaomta_ccHvnf; @S dae_yefonf?
rdr dwm>rdcif cifaracsmvd k | 0g7if haeaomrdef;rjuD;wa<muf
ud kyif rD;yGi f hatmif^SmxefvmapEd li fp Gr f;@ S dc J haom udkoef;[ef>tyGwf
toyftES d K ;tqGwd k honf cifaracsm>orD; rdrdwmud k aumif;aumif;
juD;yif v$rf;r d k ;oGm;avawmhonf?
twif;cs d K ;E S dr fxm;onfhjum;uyif umrqdyfw7dyf7dyfwufonf?
259
7rufaZmt[kef wppxef_yif;onf? udkoef;[ef>tyGwftoyf| tudki f
twG<frsm;ud k rdrdwm wdrf;!$wft7omawGhI vmav_yD?
Þ [if h[if h[if h- -td k rm;rm;- -OD;av;juD;7<f b<fvd kawG
vkyfaewmvJ@Sif- -[m- -[m- -'kuQygyJ td k td k- -[if h[if h
trav;av;aemf- - ß
rdr dwmwa<muf t_ywfxde f ;odr f ;cs d K ;E d Sr fxm;onf hjum;uyif
umrqdyfonf wufwufvmv#uf aemufqHk;wGif b<fvdkrSatmif htnf;
rxm;Ed li fawmhbJ yg;pyfrSa7@Gwf_rnfwrf;oHav;rsm; tyDt_yifay:xGuf
vmavawmhonf?
xd ktoHav;rsm;onf r dr dwmtae_zi f h yaxG;ud koe f ;[e f>
a@S harSmufwGif vH k;0'l;axmufvufaÕrmuft@S H K ;ay;_cif;ud k az:!$ef;aom
oufaovnf;_zpfoGm;onf? rdrdwm> aemufqH k;wJwJav;usefaeaom
odpdwfESi f h tda_ENxdef;odrf;rS Kc Hppfajumif; vH k;0_yd KuG JysufpD;oGm;cJ h _y D[k
qd k7ayrnf? r<m;ygorD ;av;r dr dwmr Sm yaxG;ud koe f ;[e ftvd kus
xifwd ki f;vkyfEd li f7ef pdwfa7mud k<fyg ØyH k ×vd k htyfvd kuf7av_yD?
yg;pyfrStoHav;rsm; ay:xGufvmonfhtcsdefrSmyif aumifrav;>
260
apmufzkwfxJrSvnf; apmuf7nfjunfwd k honf trsm;t_ym;<d kp dr f hxGuf
tHusonf? wud k<fvH k ;@ S dtajumtcsi ftm;vH k ; odr f ho dr f hwke fonf?
rdr dwm Ø_yD;×vkvk_zpfvm7_yD? a7@Gwf_rnfwrf;oHawG tqufr_ywfyif
ay:xGufonf? wudk<fvH k ; odrf hodrf hwkefcgaeonf? juufoD;zse f;zse f;
xonf? wifqHkjuD;udk aumhaumhxdk;ay;onf? 'l;awGauG;vdkuf!$wfvdkuf
_zp fonf? rdr dud kwufvd k ;ygawmh[k twdtvif;xkwfaz:ra_ym@k Hom
usefawmhonf? ud koef;[efuom xdkod k hxkwfaz:vrf;ajumif;_ypum;
vrf;ajumif;ay;v#if rdrdwmonf r@Sufrajumufxkwfaz:a_ymawmhrSm
aocsmonf?
ud koe f ;[e fu rdr dwm>apmufacgi f ;aygufav;xJod k h ol>
vufcv<fudk qwfueJxdk;oGif;onf? vufcv<fonf cyfjuyfjuyfyif
tacgif;xJodk h wdk;0ifonf? apmufacgif;u usOf;onf? odk haomf apmuf7nf
junfawGt_ywfpd k@$ Jaeaomajumifh t0ifuawmh acsmonf? vufcv<f
wacsmif;vH k ; av#mueJyif0ifoGm;onf?
Þ td k- - ß
rdrdwm>yg;pyfrS wkef7ifpGma7@Gwfrdonf? cg;wGef hv#uf zifjuD;
<rf ;cgonf? 'l ;!$wfum aygi fjuD;auG;oGm;onf? usO f ;juyfaom
261
apmufacgif;av;>xdawGhrSKud k t_ynfht0cHpm;7aomajumif h udkoef;[ef
txl;ud ktm;7auseyfoGm;onf? xdk h _yif ol>vufcv<fonf rdrdwm>
apmufacgif;xJrS tysdKtarS;yg;udkvnf; xdk;rdonf? qif;7JvSonfhb0wGif
@ke f;uefvSKyf@ Sm;um _zpfovdkaecJ h7onfrd k h rdrdwmrSm a@$vd ktkxm;onfh
tysdKrav;rsm;vdk tysdKtarS;yg;t_ynfht0awmhr@Sdawmhygacs? w0ufwysuf
ol htvk dvd kp kwf_ywfcJ h _y D ; _zpfonf?
' gayr<f h tys d Ktar S ;y g ;vnf ; vH k ;v H k ; ju D ;p kw f _ywfraeyg?
usefoif hoavmufawmh usefaeao;onf? udkoef;[eftae_zif h r<m;yg
or D ;tys d Kpp fpp fav;> ygui fy dw fapmufacgi f ;ay guft7omud kawm h
t_ynfht0udk xdawG hc Hpm;7onf?
Þ eifu tysdKppfppfav;ygvm;[? aumif;w<f- -aumif;w<f?
eif hud k t_ywfyguifzGi f h _y D; ususeevd k;7r<f? ß
ud koef;[efu apmufacgif;xJ0ifoGm;aomvufcv<fud k tom
vSnf hywfvSKyf@ Sm;ay;7if; tHjudwfumw^SmwGefoHjuD;_zif ha_ymonf?
yaxG;u vdk;awmhrnf[k tyDt_yifa_ymaerSKudk r<m;ygorD;av;
rdrdwmrSm uefhuGuf_iif;qef_cif;yif rvkyfEd li fawmh? avmif_rdKufwufjuG
262
aom7rufqENaZmonf udkoef;[ef>xdkpum;rsm;ajumif h wd k;vd k hawmif
_yif;xefvmonf? udkoef;[efvd k ;awmhrnfud k vd kvm;judKqd konfhtvm;
olr>apmufacgif;twGif;om;EkEkav;rsm;onf xdk;uvdaeaomvufcv<f
ud k ppfueJppfueJ_zpfatmif !SpfIpkyf<lvd kufao;onf?
aumifrav; Ø_yD;×vkaeyg_yD? ud koef;[efu wufcsrnfqd kv#if
apmufzkwf0YvD;awhaxmufvd kufonfESi f h rdr dwmrSm apmuf7nfawG
a7wHcGe fusovdk 'va[m<dkp D;usum wcsDØ _y D;×oGm;rSm aocsmonf?
Þ b<fvd kvJ rdwm? eif hud kig wufvd k;7awmhrvm; ß
vm_yD? yaxG;ud koef;[efu olhr<m;ygorD;av;ud k tyd ki far;cs
vd kuf_y D?
udkoef;[ef> xdrdynmygaomtESdK;tqGrsm;ajumifh umr<rf;tdk;
juD;aygufuG J7rufxef_yif;aeavol rdrdwmtae_zif h t@Sufvnf;ukef |
tajumufqd kwmvnf; r@ S d | apmi f hpnf ;7rnf ht da _E Nqd kwmuvnf;
t_ywfuGmusukef_yDrd k h udkoef;[efESif htwdkiftazmufnDpGmyif tmomirf;irf;
_zif hwH k h _yefa_ymqd kvd kufrdavawmhonf?
263
Þ [if h- -[if h- -vkyfygawmh@Si f h- -usrud k wufvkyfygawmh
[if;[if;[if;- -td k tarh [if h ß
rdrdwm_yefa_zcd kuf udkoef;[efu apmufzkwfxJxd k;oGif;xm;aom
vufcv<fudk cyfoGufoGufupm;vdkuf7m aumifrav;7ifodrf hwkefv#uf
a<mif<rf;_rnfwrf;oH qufay:xGufvm7avonf?
ud koef;[efu r<m;ygorD;av;7J hapmufywfud k xd k;uvdaewJh
o l hvufcv<fud k qG Jx kw fv d ku fw<f? t7nfjunfawGp d k @ $ J aewJ h
apmufacgif;aygufusOf;usOf;av;xJu vufcv<fuÈwfxGufwJ htoHu
zGwfueJcyfwd k ;wd k ;av;_rnfw<f? _yD;awmh apmufacgif;xJuapmuf7nf
junftcs d K h[mvnf; t_yifud k<d kp D;tHxGuf_yD; awmufueJawmifusvm
_yefa7m? rdr dwm 7if' de f ;' de f ;c ke faeav7J h? vufacsmif;qG Jxkwf_y D ;7if
yaxG;7J hvD;juD; olhtzkwfxJud kxd k ;oGif;awmhrSmud kvnf; odaew<fav?
ud koef;[efonf 0wfxm;aomykqd k ;ud k cÈwfcsypfvd kufonf?
ieJom;u ykqd k ;wxyfwnf;0wfxm;wm? twGif;c Hr@S dbl;? ykqd k ;ud k
cÈwfcsvd kufw<fqd k7ifbJ zifrnf;juD;a_ymifwif;_yD; atmufyd ki f ;Avm
_zpfoGm;awmhwmayg h? ol hvD;juD;uvnf; rwfrwfjuD;awmifaeav_yD?
rdr dwmuawmh yaxG;bufud k vSnf hrjunfh7Jbl;? acgif;ud ki d kufpd kufcs_yD;
264
rsufaphud kvnf; rS dwfxm;w<f? vD;ud k rjunfh7Jwmyg? tvdk;c Hcsi fp dwf
awGuawmh t7rf;ud kE d k ;xaew<fav? 'Dawmh @Sufpdwf@S daevd k hawmh
r[kwfbl;?
trSeftwdkif;a_ym7r<fqdk7if udkoef;[ef7J hvD;acsmif;juD;qdkwmu
rdr dwmtwGuf tpdr f ;oufoufawmhr[kwfy gbl ; ? ol htare J hyaxG ;
pyf<Sufjuwmud k acsmi f ;junf haewJ hr dr dwmtzd k h yaxG;7 J hvD;juD;ud k
_ri fz l ; _y D ;om;y g ? tck ud k<fwd ki ftvd k ;c H7awmhr<f hta_ctaer Smr d k h
rjunfh7JyJ _zpfaewm? junfhawmhtjunfhcsifom;?
_yD;awmh a_ym7r<fqd k7if rdrdwmu zifjuD;axmifukef;ae7_yD;
ud koef ;[efu ol hzi fqH k juD;aemufr Sm@ S daewmqd kawmh rdr dwmtaeeJ h
yaxG;7J hvD;juD;udkjunfhr<fqdk7if acgif;udkaemufbufododomomvSnfh_yD;
junfh7rSmr[kwfvm;? onftwdki f; zifyl;awmif;axmifukef;ay;7ufom;
taetxm;uqdk7if r_rifEd li fbl;av? 'gajumif hvnf; rjunfh_zpfwm
qd kygawmh?
iyJjuD;utawmifom;eJ h yaxG;ud koef;[efu r<m;ygorD;av;
rdr dwmtem;ud k wd k ;uyfvmw<f? ol hvD;juD;ud k r<m;ygorD;av;7J h
apmufywf0rSm awhaxmufvd kufw<f? vD;ud k awh@k Homawhvd kufwm?
265
aemufu tomaxmuf@k Haxmufvdkufwmaemf? apmufywfxJudk0ifatmif
roGi f ;ao;bl;?
Þ td k;- -[if h[if h- - ß
apmufac gi f ;ay gu fx J vD ;ac smi f ; ju D ;x d k ; ro Gi f ;ao;ayr<f h
awhaxmufrdaewJhtwGuf rdrdwm7J hapmufywfuawmh vD;7J hxdawG hr S Kud k
aumif;aumif;juD; cHae7_yD? t7rf;tvd k;c Hcsi faewJ htcs de f tzkwfrSm
vD;taxmufcHvd kuf7w<fqd kawmh rdrdwmc_rm wudk<fvH k ;"gwfvd kufcH
7ovdk _zd K;_z d K ;zsi f;zsi f;_zpfw<f? xdk;xd k ;xGef hxGef hvSKyf@ Sm;w<f?
tJ' Daemufaumifrav;[m wcs Daumif;aumif;juD; Ø _y D ; ×oGm;yg
ava7m? rde f ;rpvd k ;z l ;wJ hvlys d Kaygufav;awG apmufywf0rSmvD;awh
axmufrdwmeJ h okwf7nfawGw_yGwf_yGwfyef;xGufukefwJ hoabmrs d K ;ayg h?
tck rdrdwmuawmh ud koef;[eftyDES d K ;qGxm;vd k h umrqdyfawGt7rf;
wuf_yD; wcs D Ø _y D;×vkØ_yD;×cif_zpfaewm r[kwfvm;? apmufzkwfrSmvD;awh
axmufvd kufwmu Ø_yD;×oGm;atmif cvkwfES dy fvd kufovdk_zpfoGm;wmayg h?
Þ tm;- -[if h[if h- -trav;av;- -tdktd k td k;- - ß
266
aumifrav;qd kwm wud k<fvH k ;wGe f hvde fvS Ky fc g _y D ; yg ;py fu
toHawGrs d K ;p H k a7@Gwfrdw<f? zifqH kjuD;ud kvnf; xdk;aumhvSKyf@ Sm;ae
vdkufwm awhaxmufxm;wJhvD;'pfxdyfzsm;yd ki f;awmif tzkwfxJrxdwxd
wd k;0if_yefxGuf_zpfvd k h? ud koef;[efuom cg;ud kaumh_yD; tvdkufoif h
xd k ;oGif;vd kuf7if vD;acsmif;juD;tzkwfxJ0ifoGm;rSm aocsmyJ? 'gayr<fh
udkoef;[efu olhr<m;ygorD;av; ̂ Sx_yD;vSKyf@Gaewm junfhvdk haumif;
wmajumif h vD;ud kxd k ;roGif;ao;bl;? vD;r0ifoGm;atmifawmif tom
aemufudkcyf@kd h@k d hvkyfxm;w<f? aumifrav;_zpfaeyHkudk t7omcHjunfhw<f?
udkoef;[efu umrpyf<SufrSK0g7ifhaewJh a<mufsm;juD;wa<muf
y J? rdr dwmb<fvd kta_ctaers d K ; _zp faew<fqd kwmud k 7dy fr dwmayg h ?
' Dvd k7 dy fr dvd k h ausvnf;ausey fr dw<f? r dr dwmenf;enf; _i dr foGm;7i f
apmufywfxJol hvD;juD;oGif;vd kufzd k hvnf; toif hvkyfxm;w<f?
'gayr<fh- -
rxifrSwfwmawG_zpfwwfwm a_ymygw<f?
267
rxifrSwfwmawG_zpfwwfwm a_ymygw<f?
cifaracsm7J hqd ki fud k b<fvd kr Sxifrxm;wJ haps;0<folwa<muf
'Daeha7mufvd k hvmygw<f?
tJ'D{nf honfu w_cm;vl[kwfyg@k d ;vm;? cifaracsmqif;7JEGrf;yg;
wkef;u taysmfr<ft_zpfoGm;tvkyfvkyfcJhwJhae7mu tvkyf@Sifw@kwfrav?
b<fvd kr Srxifr SwfbJ ol hqd ki fxJud k0i fvmwJ h tvky f@ Si fw@kwfrud k
@ kwfw7uf_rifvd kuf7awmh cifarcsmtH hjoovdk pdwfawGvnf;tawmfud k
wke fvSKy facsmufcsm;oGm;w<f?
Þ [m- -trusifpGr f- - ß
ci farac s m7 J h y g ; py fuvnf ; tvky f@ S i fw@ kw fr7 J h e mr< fu d k
v$wfueJac:vd kufw<f?
wu<fawmh rusifpGrfqd kwJ hw@kwfr[m cifaracsmud k olhqDrSm
vmtvkyfvkyfzl;wJhrdef;rwa<mufvdk h rSwfrdwmajumifh qdkifxJ0ifvmwm
r[kwfygbl;? qdki fr Smcif;_yxm;wJ h txnfqifav;awGud k pdwf0ifpm;
wmajumif h junfh7atmif0ifvmwmyg? cifaracsmuom cyfwnfwnfeJ h
268
aevd kuf7if bmrSZmwfvrf;qufp7mr@S dawmhbl;?
a[m tckawmh? cifaracsmu tvkyf@Si fw@kwfrud k @kwfw7uf
rar#mfvif hy JawG hvd kuf7wmajumif h tH hjoxdwfvef h _y D; yg;pyfutvdkvd k
emr<fac:vd kufwmajumif h Zmwf@S Kyfp7mawGtajumif;zefvmwmayg h?
_y D;awmh rusifp Gr fqd kwmu w@kwfr7J hemr<ft7if;r[kwfbl k ;?
taysmfr<fvkyfief;ud k pDrHtkyfcsKyfwJ hae7mrSmbJoH k ;wm? 'gajumif h ol hud k
' Demr<feJ hac:wJ hr de f;r[m b<fvd ktxmrs d K ;@ S dE d li fw<fqd kwmudk w@kwfr
uvnf; 'ufueJodw<f? 'gajumif h aoaocsmcsmjunfhvd kufawmh
fcifaracsmud kr SwfrdoGm;w<f?
Þ atmf- -b<folrsm;vJvd k h ? _r_rud k ;? tawmfjuD;y Gm;ae
ygvm; ß
rusifpGr fu _yefa_ymw<f?
Ø _ r _ r ×qdkwmu rusifpGrfqDrSm tvkyfoGm;vkyfwJhtcg cifaracsm
a_ymavh@S dwJ hemr<fav? 'Dtvkyf7J hxH k ;p Hu emr<ft7if;awGa_ymavh
@S dwmrS r[kwfwm? olhqDvmtvkyfvkyfjuwJhrdef;rawGxJrS cifaracsmu
269
@ ky ftacsmqH k ; | ud k<fvH k ;ud k<faygufuvnf; tawmif hqH k ; _zp fovd k
aju;vnf; aumif;aumif;7wmajumifh w@kwfrrusifpGrfu aumif;aumif;
rSwfrdaew<f? cifaracsm ay:rvmawmhwJ htwGufvnf; olhtwGuf
0ifaiGtawmfavsmhc J hwmud k ;?
Þ tif;- -tJ- -'Dvd kygbJ trusifpGr f7<f ß
xdwfvef hwke fvS Ky f _y D ; rsufE Smtxm;7cufaewJ hci faracsmu
tvdkuftxdkufrenf;juD;judK;pm;_yD; _yefa_ymvd kuf7w<f?
awmfao;w<fvdk h qdk7r<f? tJ'DtcsdefrSmyJ w_cm;aps;0<folawG
0ifvmwmajumif h cifaracsmeJ hrusifpGr fwd k hE Sp fa<muf pum;quf_ywf
oGm;juw<f?
Þ oGm;r<faemf? wd k hqDud k vSnf hvmcJ hygtkef;- - ß
rusifpGr fu txnfawGud kenf;enf;yg;yg;junfh_y D;awmh cifar
acsmud kE S Kwfqufw<f?
Þ [kwf [kwfuJ h tr ß
270
cifaracsmvnf; acgif;ndwf_yvd kuf_yD; _yefES Kwfqufvd kufw<f?
rusi fp Gr fxGufoGm;ayr<f h cifaracsmr Smawmh xdwfvef hvS Ky f@ Sm;wm
raysmufao;bl;? olhudkodoGm;wJhtwGuf Zmwfvrf;awG@SKyfvmrSmudkvnf;
awG;_y D ;y laerdw<f? cifaracsmu rusifp Gr fqDr SmtvkyfoGm;vkyfc J hwJ h
udpPud k vH k;vH k ;vsm;vsm;juD;ud k Zmwfvrf;_zwfxm;csifwmav?
tckawmh- -
271
rxifrSwfwmawG _zpfwwfwmudka_ymygw<f?
'gajumif hvnf; Øta7;aumif; 'de f ;a'gi f ;zsuf× qd kwJ hpum;yH k
@ S dc J hwmayg h? ud koef;[eftwGufawmh tJ Øta7;aumif; wDwDzsuf×vd k h
a_ym7if yd koif hawmfrvm;ra_ymwwfbl;?
bmajumif hvJqd kawmh r<m;ygorD;av;7J h apmuf7nfjunfawG
@$rf;@ $r f;p d k _y D; rd k hazgif;aewJ hapmufywfxJud k ol hiyJacsmif;juD; xd k;oGif;
vd kufz d k hp dwful;vd kufwJ htcs de fr SmyJ ud koef;[ef7J hnmvufrSmywfxm;wJ h
em7Du ES d K ;puf ØwwDwD× _rnfvmwmudk;?
wu<fawmh em7DES d K ;pufud k ud koef;[efu wriftcs de fud kuf_yD;
_rnfvmatmif vkyfxm;cJ hwmyg? 'gayr<fh wu<fhtcsde ftcgaumif;rSmrS
vufywfem7DES d K ;pufoH ØwwDwD×_rnfvmwmajumif h udkoef;[efawmifrS
xdwfvef hovdk _zpfoGm;7w<f?
yaxG;vd k ;wmcH7z d k h zi fy l ;awmif ;axmifuke f ;ay;ae7wJ hr dr dwm
qdkwmuawmh vef h_yD; ukef;ae7muawmif qwfueJxxdkifvd kufrdw<f?
yaxG;ud koef;[efud kvnf; tvef hwjum;junfhrdw<f?
272
Þ bmrSr[kwfygbl; rdwm7J h? eif htarqD xrif;cs d Ki f hoGm;yd k h7r<fh
tcs de fausmfoGm;rSmpd k ;vd k h igu vufywfem7DrSm ES d K ;pufay;xm;wmyg?
udkif;- -eifhtarqD xrif;oGm;yd k hvdkuftkef;? eif_yefvmrS at;at;aq;aq;
vd k;wmayg h? [kwfvm; ß
ud koef;[efu cyf_yH K;_yH K;e J ha_ymvd kufw<f?
tif;? udkoef;[efuawmh aoaocsmcsmud k tuGufaphaphpDpOf
xm;wmudk;? [kwfw<fav? aZmuyft@S de fwuf_yD; vd k;aejuwmu
ta7;rjuD;bl;? xrif;cs d Ki f hy d k hcs de fr Sm rdrdwma7mufrvm7if cifaracsmu
bmbmnmnmxif_yD; tdrfud k _yefvmjunfh7if tm;vH kuG d Ki fwufukefEd li f
w<fr[kwfvm;? tJ'Dtcs de fus7if owday;El di fatmif vufywfem7DrSm
tcs de fud kuf_yD; ES d K ;pufay;xm;wm?
ud koef;[efu olhr<m;ygorD;av;ud k Ø_cif;xJujuuf×t_zpf
oabmxm;vd kuf_yDav? ol t_ywfyd ki fae_yDr[kwfygvm;? 'gajumif h
tcs de faumif ;aumif ;<l _y D ; at;at;aq;aq;p dwfjud Kuf _zKwfE d li fr<f h
ta_ctaeud k a@G ;vd kufwm? b<f hE S<f touf(12)E Sp fausm fausm f
awmif hawmif hxGm;xGm;tys d Krav; zifawmifukef;ay;xm;wm? wufrcs
csifbJ aeyg hrvm;? 'gayr<fh tckcs de fwufcs7if taESmif ht<SufawG
273
ay:vmE d li fwmajumi f h ud koe f ;[e fu pdwfud ktomxde f ;v d ku fwm?
umrt7om tyDt_yifcHpm;Ed li fr<f htvm;tvm aumif;aumif;@S daewm
ajumif h <ckavmavmq<f tomcs d Kxm;vd kufwJ hoabmayg h?
r dr dwm cHwifatmufuk dqif;w<f? aumifrav;7J hrsufvH k ;u
olhyaxG;aygifjum;uiyJjuD;ud k wcsuf0if h _yD;rodromjunfhvk dufrdw<f?
rme fx_y D ;rwfawmi faewJ hiy J ju D ;u d k _ri f7wm tonf;<m;p7my gy J ?
udkoef;[efvD;u q<fvufrausmf@Snf_yD; bdvyf7nfykvif;zifyd kif;avmuf
tvHk;wkwfwm? _yD;awmh tnmom;vD;yDyD rnf;rnf;wkwfwkwfjuD;?
t J' g juD ;ud k _ri f7wJ hr de f ;r tonf;r<m;y JaeE d li fr SmwJ hvm;? r dr dwm
juufoD;av;awGawmif xoGm;w<f?
apmapmucÈwfxm;7wJh t0wftpm;awGudk vSrf;<l0wfqifr<f
vkyfawmh udkoef;[ef7J hpum;oH ay:vm_yefw<f?
Þ b7mpD<meJ h twGif;cHabmif;bD 0wfroGm;ygeJ hawmh? xrDeJ h
tay:tuFs Dy J 0wfoGm;? _yefvm7if eifud k<fwH k ;vH k ;cÈwf_yD; ukef;7rSmyJ?
twGif;cHawG 0wfraeygeJ h? [kwfvm;- - ß
udkoef;[efu 'Dpum;awGudk wrif7nf@G<fcsuf@S d@S da_ymvdkufwm?
274
r<m;ygorD ;av;ud k y d ki fE d li faewJ hoabm_yvd kufwmt_yif rjumcif
tvd k ;c H7awmhr<fqd kwJ htod aumifrav;acgi f ;xJ0i faeatmi fvnf;
vkyfay;vdkufwmav? tvdk;cH7awmhr<fqdkwJ htod[m rdef;rwa<muf7J h
umrpdwfud k Ed k ;xapEd li fwJ htajumif;7if;wckr[kwfygvm;?
r dr dwmc_rmr Smawm h yaxG ;u d kb<fvd kr SrvGe fqe fE d l i fy gb l ; ?
yaxG;7 J hpum;ud k us d K ;E G Hp Gmy Jemc H7@ Smygw<f? b7mpD<me J htwGi f ;c H
abmi f ;b Du d k r0w fawm hy J xr De J htay:tuF s Du d kom <l0w fonf ?
xri f ;c s d Ki f h _yi fqi f _y D ;aemuf tar hxHxri f ;y d k h ay;z d k hx Gufvmc J honf?
yaxG;udkoef;[efuawmh r<m;ygorD;av;_yefa7mufv#if y<fy<fe<fe<f
vd k;Ed li f7ef vD;ud karmif;wif_yD;tdrfrSmapmif hIusefaecJ honf?
rdrdwmrSm xrif;cs d Ki f hud kqG Jumaps;od k hoGm;7if; pdwfxJwGiftvdkvd k
rvH krvJ_zpfaeonf? xrDudrjumc^ zH k ;z H k ;z dz dvkyfaeonf? rdrdwm
tae_zif h odwwfpt@G<frSpum twGif;cHrsm;0wfcJ h7onf? twGif;cHrygbJ
tdrf_yifodk hxGuf7wm <ckyxrqHk;tjudrf_zpfonf? qif;7JwGif;eufpOfuyif
rdrdwmonf twGif;cHta[mif;tEGrf;tpkwft_yJud k_zpf_zpf 0wfpOfcJ honf?
'gajumif h b7mpD<mvnf;pnf;aESmi frxm;| twGif ;c Habmif;bDvnf;
0wfrxm;| xrDESi f htuFs Dwxyfwnf;t_yif vlpnfum;7maps;bufod k h
xGufvm7aomtcg rdrdud k<frdr d rvH k hwvHk | 0wfvpfpvpfeD;yg;_zpfae
275
ovdkvd k cHpm;7um| tvd kvd kyi f @Sufajumufaerdonf? [k dae7m
ay:ay:vSpfvSpf_zpfaeavrvm;| onfae7m _rifomxifom@S daeavrvm;
[kvnf; pd k ;wxdwfxdwf_zpf7onf?
wu<fawmh rdrdwm0wfxm;onfh xrDESi f htuFs Donf tawmf
toif hxlxlxJxJ@S d7m rvHk hwvHkawmh_zpfraeyg? olr>awmif hwif;ql_zd K;
aomtom;qdkifrsm;udk wif;wif;7if;7if; tdtdaxG;axG;@S daeap@kHavmufom
_zp fonf? aoaocsmcsmp l ;p d ku frjunf hv#i f twGi f ;c HrygwmawGud k
rodEd li fyg?
Tod k h _zi f h aps ;xJ@ S dqd ki fo d k ha7mufonf? tarci faracsmud k
xrif;cs d Ki f hay;onf? _yD;awmh twGif;bufacsmifususwGif 0ifxd ki fae
rdonf? pum;odyfra_ym? twGif;cHrygonfhtwGuf @Sufajumufpd k ;xdwf
pdwfwGif tdrfod k h _yefa7mufv#if yaxG;uvdk;r Smrd k h 7ifzd kp dwfvSKyf@ Sm;ae
onf? rsufESmtxm;7cufaeonf?
ci faracsmr Smvnf; tvky f@ Si fw@ kwfrE Si f hawG hqH k7r S Kajumi f h
pdwfvSKyf@Sm;pd k;@G H haeav7m orD;>rsufESmtrlt7m cgwdkif;vdkr[kwfonfudk
owdr_yKr dyg? orD;wGi ftwGi f ;c HrygbJ xrDE Si f htuF s Dwxyfwnf;om
0wfxm;rS Kud kvnf; tuJrcwfrday? rdrd>pdwfvSKyf@ Sm;rS Kud k orD;r7dyfr d
276
atmifyif judK;pm;xde f;odrf;um xrif;ud ktom[efrysufpm;aeonf?
orD ;E Si f hr sufE Smc si f ;qd ki f7rnfud kyi f rsufE Smy lovd kr d k h orD ;bufud k
rjunfhrd?
Todk h _zif h pdwfvSKyf@ Sm;rS K | ud k<f htxmESif huk d<f@S daejuavaom
tarESif horD;wd k honf wa<mufta_ctaeudkwa<mufu wpdk;wpdr#yif
tuJrcwfrdE d li fjuay?
tar ha@ S h ar SmufwGi f tae7txd ki f7cufaeaomr dr dwmonf
cifaracsmxrif;pm;_y D ; c^tjumrSmyif xrif;cs d Ki f hud kodr f ;qnf;um
tdr f _ye fvmc J honf? or D ;a@ S hw Gi f renf ;t da _E Nqnfxm;7avaom
cifaracsmrSmvnf; rdrdwm_ref_ref_yefoGm;onfud kyif aus;Zl;wifaeonf?
bmr#oHo<r_zpfrday?
aps;rStdrfod k h _yefvmaom rdrdwmrSmawmh tawmfud kp dwftxdef;7
cufaeonf? tarha@S hr Smjumjumraevd kaomajumif h xGufvmcJ hr S Konf
yaxG;>tvd k ;c H7e f tdr fod k ht_re f _ye f7onf hta_ctaers d K ;qd ku fae7m
aumifrav;7ifzd kp dwfvSKyf@ Sm;aeonfrSm rqef;ay?
tdrfodk hwef;r_yefbJ aps;xJ[kd[kdonfonfav#mufoGm;aezdk huvnf;
277
b7mpD<mESi f htwGi f ;c Habmif ;bD r0wfxm;7rS Kajumif h r dr dud k<fr dr d
rvH krvJ@S daeaomajumif h vkyfvd k hr_zpf?
' gajumif haumifrav;onf ol hud kvd k ;rnf hyaxG;apmi f haeonf h
t dr fo d k hom xdwfve f h7i fz d k 0r f ;en f ;p d k ;x dw fp G m _ye fvm7avonf?
yaxG;vd k ;wmud k rcHvd k hvnf;r7el di fajumif;ud k rdrdwmoabmaygufae
onf? onfvd kta_ctaers d K ;q d ku fa7mufatmi f ze fw D ;c J h avaom
rdrd>b0uHjurRmud kom rdrdwm0rf;enf;rdavonf?
aemufqH k;awmh rdrdwm tdrfod k h _yefa7mufvmavawmhonf?
rdr dvd k ;wmcH7awmhrnf h r<m;ygorD;av;_yeftvmud k toif h
apmif haeaomudkoef;[efu tdrfwHcg;udkjudKIzGif hay;xm;onf? udkoef;[ef
onf ykqd k;_yef0wfxm;onf? odk haomf ykqd k;atmuf@S dvD;juD; awmifrwf
aeajumi f ;u d k awm h ay gi fc G jum;r Sx d k ;x d k ; axmi faxmi f _zp faer S Ku d k
_rifae7aomajumif h rdrdwmodaeonf? rdrdud kvd k ;7ef vD;toif hawmif
aeavonf[k em;vnfvd kuf7rSKonf rdrdwmud k juufoD;awGxoGm;
aponf?
Þ eif_yefvm_yDud k ;? vd k;ju7atmif [kwfvm; ß
278
tdrfxJod k h av#muf0ifvmaomr<m;ygorD;av;ud k yaxG;u
qD;a_ymonf? rdrdwm bmr#_yefra_ym? acgif;juD;ud ki H k hum wHcg;ab;em;
wGif7yfaeonf? olrtae_zif h wpH kw7ma_ymzd k hvnf; rvd kyg?
Þ tdyfcef;xJoGm;_yD; ud k<fwH k ;vH k ;cÈwfxm;? igtck tdrfwHcg;
ydwf_yD; vd kufvmcJ hr<f- - ß
ud koef;[efu yd ki fy d ki fE d li fE d li fyifa_ymonf? r<m;ygorD;av;>
vH k ;vH k ;usp fuspfwifyg;qH kud kvnf; cyfomomwcsufykwfvd kufavao;
onf? yaxG;>ziftykwfcH7rSKonf r<m;ygorD;av;ud k 7ifcke foGm;ap
onf? yaxG;>aphaphjunfhwmudkyif <cifu rcHr7yfEd li f _zpfcJ h7aom
rdrdwm tckawmh zifykwfwmudk bmr#_yefra_ymEd li f? rjumcif yaxG;
vdk;wmudkvnf; rjunf_zLygyJESif h cH7ayawmhrnf? y<fy<fe<fe<fvdk;7ef
ud k<fvH k ;wD;cÈwfcd ki f ; _cif;_zpfajumif;vnf; rdrdwmem;vnfygonf?
rdr dwmonf rdrd>tdyfcef;av;@S d7mod k h wGef hqkwfwGef hqkwfESi f h
av#mufvSrf;oGm;onf? udkoef;[efonf tdrfwHcg;;udkacsmufueJ_rnfatmif
yif ususeeydwfvd kufonf? wHcg;y dwfaeaomtdrfxJwGif yaxG;ESi f h
r<m;y gor D ; E Sp fa<mufwnf ;om@ S daeonf? taE Smi f ht<Sufr@ S d ?
vGwfvyfpGm umrpyf<SufaeEd lifayawmhrnf? tcsdefvnf; aumif;aumif;
279
7onf?
tdrfwHcg;ud k csufcsydwf_yD;aomfvnf; ud koef;[efonf wHcg;
ab;wGi f tom7yfaeonf? tdyfce f ;@ S d7mod k h wGe f hqkwfwGe f hqkwfESi f h
oGm;aeaom r<m;ygorD;av;udk tomyifjunfhaeonf? aumifrav;>
@SufajumufwGe f hqkwfaerS Kud k junf h7wmu t7omwrs d K ;r[kwfvm;?
aumifrav;ud k c^awmhtcs de fay;vd kufrnf? _yD;rS tdyfcef;xJ0ifvd kuf
oGm;zd k h juHxm;onf?
rdrdonfonf aemufyifvSnfhrjunfhbJ wGefhqkwfqkwfav;vHaom
a_cvSrf;rsm;_zif hav#mufvm7m tdyfcef;xJod k ha7mufonf? txJa7mufv#if
0wfxm;aomt0wfawGudkcÈwf7rSmudk em;vnfonf? 'gayr<fh cÈwfzd k h7m
0efav;aeonf? 'gajumif h cHwifav;ab;em;wGif acgif;iH k humililjuD;
7yfaeavrdonf?
c^tjumwGif ud koef;[eftdyfcef;xJod k h 0ifvmonf? rdrdwm
t0wfawGrcÈwfao;bJ acgif;i H k hum7yfaeonfud kawG haomfvnf; ud koef;
[efu bmr#ra_ymao;? rdrd0wfxm;aomykqd k ;E Si f h @SyftuFs Dwd k hud kom
cyf_ref_refcÈwfypfonf? wrifyif pGyfus<fESi f htwGif;c Habmif;bDr0wfbJ
xm;onfhtwGuf ud koef;[efrSm wcgwnf;ud k<fvHK;wD;_zpfoGm;onf?
280
xdkaemufud koef;[efonf cHwifay:od k hvSrf;wufum yufvufvSeftdyf
csvd kufonf? tysd Krav;rdrdwm> tdyf7mxufwGif ieJom;ud koef;[ef
onf vD;juD;tawmifom;ESif h yd ki fy d ki fE l di fE d li fvJavsmif;v#uf@S daeav_yD?
Þ rdwm- -bmvdk h t0wfawGrcÈwfao;wmvJ? @Sufvd k hvm; ß
ud koef;[efu r<m;ygorD;av;ud k vSrf;ar;onf?
Þ [kwf- -[kwfuJ h- - ß
ac gi f ;i H k h 7y faeaom r<m;y gor D ;av;u yaxG ;>tar;ud k
toHwkefwkef7if7ifav;ESif h _yefa_z@Smonf?
Þ ig hrsm; bm@Sufp7m@S dawmhvd k hvJ rdwm7m? apmapmyd ki f;wkef;u
eifhwudk<fvHk;udk igt_ywfjunfhcJ h_rifcJ h_yD;_yDyJ? a[m rjumcifrSm eifeJ hig
vd k ;juawmhrSm? 'Dawmh bmrS@SufraeeJ h? xrDeJ htuFs Dud k cÈwfvd kufawmh
[kwfvm;- - ß
udkoef;[efu avoHat;at;av;eSif ha_ymonf? avat;at;
_zpfaomfvnf; ydkifpd k;rSKuawmh t_ynfhyg0ifonf? rdrdwmc_rm @Sufajumuf
281
pGmyif wkefwkef7if7if_zif h 0wfxm;aomt0wftpm;rsm;ud k cÈwf7@Smav
awmhonf? ud koef;[efuawmh onfvd k@ Suf@ SufajumufajumufESi f h
aES;auG;av;vHpGm t0wftpm;rsm;cÈwf_yaerSKud kyif wrsdK;rsufapht7om
cHum tm;7yg;7junfhIaeavonf? tuFs DuÈwfoGm;onf? xdkaemuf
xrDuÈwfoGm;onf? aumifrav; 0wfvpfpvpf_zpfoGm;_yD?
Þ vm- -cHwifay:wuf? ig hab;rSmvS Jtdyf ß
ud koef;[efu udk<fvH k ;wD;_zpfoGm;aom r<m;ygorD;av;ud k
a_ymvd kufonf?
rdr dwmonf yaxG;@S daeaomcHwifay:od k h tomwuf7@Smonf?
yaxG;>ab;em;wGif vS Jtdyfvd kuf7onf? rdrdud k<fwd ki fvnf; t0wfryg
Avmusif;v#uf udk<fvHk;wD;juD;_zpfaeaomyaxG;>ab;wGif twl<SOfum
tdyfvdkuf7csdefwGif 0rf;enf;ajuuGJpdwfwdk hu txGwftxdyfa7mufaeonf?
xd kenf;wl zd krobm0t7 7rufaZmt[kefwd k huvnf; w[kefxd k ;yif
E d k ;juGxef_yif;vm7avawmhonf?
0rf;enf;ajuuGJpdwfajumif h rdrdwm>rsufvH k;rsm;rS rsuf7nfawG
aygufaygufusvmovdk umr7rufaZmt[kefajumifhvnf; apmufzkwfjuD;
282
rd k hazgif;juGwufv#uf apmufacgif;aygufxJwGifvnf; t7nfjunfawG
pd kp d kp GwfpGwf_zpfvmonf?
ud koef ;[efu t0wfuif;r J haeavaom r<m;ygorD;av;>
vHk;vH k;uspfuspfpd kp d kxGm;xGm;ud k<fvH k;juD;ud k tomyifod kif;zufvd kufonf?
Þ td k- - ß
tzufcH7aom r<m;ygorD;av;>ESKwfzsm;r S toHav;oJ hoJ h
xGufvmonf?
udkoef;[efu r<m;ygorD;av;> nmbufEdk htH kudk b<fvuf_zifh
qky fud ki fvd kufonf? Ed k htH kom;rsm;ud k vufacsmif ;rsm;E Si f hcyfwif;wif;
!Spfum Ed k hoD;ud kawmh yg;pyf_zif hi H kp d k honf? ud kr d kufu<fy<fy<fe<fe<f
qGJxm;aomajumifh rdrdwm>Edk htH kjuD;onf touft@G<fESif hrvdkufatmif
yif juD;xGm;vH k ;0ef;aeonf? Ed k hoD;acgif;onfvnf; pd k hay;vd kufonfESif h
aigufueJaxmifwufvmonf? ud koef ;[efu axmifwufvmaom
Ed k hoD;ud k ESKwfcrf;_zif h!Syfum tm;7yg;7yifukef;p d k honf? rdrdxuft7if
onfEd k htH kjuD;ud k ud ki fwG<faqmhupm;Ed li fc J haomud kr d kufu<fud k remvd k
ovdkvd k _zpfonf? rdrdwmud kyguifzGi f hum tysd K7nfzsufvd k ;7rnf holrSm
283
r dr d _zp fonfud kawG ;r d _ye fawmh ud koe f ;[e f tm;7ausey foGm;onf?
udkoef;[efonf r<m;ygorD;av;>b<fbufEd k htH kud kvnf; nmvuf_zif h
qkyfe<faeonf? b<fbufEd k hoD;acgif;rSm taxGtxl;aqmhay;p7mrvdkbJ
ol htvd kvd kyif aumhaxmifpljuGwufvmonf? vufrESif hz dy Gwfacsay;
vd kuf7m Ed k hoD;rSm aigufueJaigufueJyif_zpfonf?
Þ td k ;- -[if h[if h- -OD;av;juD;7<f- -<m;w<f? td k ;
junfhygvm;- -<m;w<f@Sif h? td ktd k- -'kuQygbJ- -tm;yg;yg; ß
r dr dwm>E S Kw fr S a7@ Gw f _rn fwr f ;o Hav;r sm ;ay:vmonf ?
aumifrav;>7ifbwf aumhIaumhIjuGwufvm7m Ed k hoD;pd k h | Ed k htH ke<f
vkyfaeaomudkoef;[eftwGuf aumhyif hay;ovdk_zpfaeonf?
ud koef ;[efonf nmbufEd k hoD ;ud k tm;7yg;7pd k hay;_y D ;aemuf
b<fbufEd k hoD;ud k a_ymif;pd k h _yefonf? b<fbufEd k hoD;ud kp d k hay;aecs de fwGif
b<fvuf_zi f h r dr dwm>nmbufE d k ht H k juD;ud k qky fe<fud ki fwG<fum
nmbufvufuawmh aumifrav;>aygifjum;od k h ae7ma_ymif;onf?
apmufzkwfud kud ki fprf;um yGwfonf?
obm0aoG ;om;ap haqm fr S K _zi f h r dr dwm>aygi fwe f juD ;E Sp fc k
284
tvdkvdkum;oGm;onf? udkoef;[eftae_zif h r<m;ygorD;av;>apmufywf
juD;udk xdxdrdrdyifudkifyGwfay;Ed lifonf? rdfrdwm aumhIaumhIwufonf?
Þ td k- -td k- -b<fvd kjuD;vJ@Si f- -tm; tm;- -<m;w<f?
[if h[if h- -td k- -<m;w<f ß
rdrdwmrSm umrqdyfwufonfxufwufvmaeonf? umraZm
yd kr d k _yif;xefvmrSKESi f htwl 0rf;enf;ajuuGJpdwfwd k hu wppavsmhyg;onf?
7ruftm@k Hv$rf;rd k ;vmrSKESi f htwl wudk<fvH k;>taoG;tom;| tajum
tcsifwdk h _zdK;_zdK;zsef;zsef;qla0vmjuonf? xdkt_zpfudk b<fvdktrnfwyf
7rnfrSef;rodaomajumif h aumifrav;>yg;pyfrS Ø<m;w<f? <m;w<f×
[kom a7@Gwf_rnfwrf;aerdavonf? xd kr de f ;rrsm;> Ø<m;w<f×[k
a_ymqdkrSKonf w^SmEd k;juGajumif; wbufvSnfhESif ha_ymqdk_cif;_zpfonf
ud ktxmaygufem;vnfaeaomudkoef;[ef oabmusoGm;avawmhonf?
ud koef;[efonf aumifrav;>Ed k hoD;rsm;ud k wvSnf hp Dp d k hay;ae
7mr S @ Sy fw d ku faom0r f ;y sO fom;wav#muf w_y Gwf _y Gw fer f ;ay;7i f ;
atmufod k hwppav#mqif;vmonf? vufESpfbufuawmh Ed k htH krsm;ay:u
rz<fao;? Ed k htH kom;rsm;ud k vufacsmif;rsm;_zif hqkyfud ki fzsp f!Spfvd kuf|
Ed k hoD;acgif;ud k vSrf;ud kqG Jvd kuf| trs d K;rs d K ;vkyfaeonf? csufeufeufav;
285
em;od k h a7mufaomtcg csufxJ tom@Smxd k ;xnf h7ufay;vd kuf7m
aumifrav; xdk;xd k ;xGef hxGef h _zpfoGm;onf?
Þ a[h- -OD;av;juD;- -td ktd k- -<m;w<f- -<m;w<f?
wu<fyJuGm- -uÈwf- - ß
umraZmxef_yif;vmrSKajumif h rdrdwm>a7@Gwf_rnfwrf;oHrsm;
onf toGifa_ymif;vmonf? [efyeftrlt7mvnf; wrsd K ; _zpfvmonf?
yd k7 Jwif;vmovdk yd kvnf;yGi f hvif;vmonf? @Sufajumuf0rf;enf;pdwf
wd k huawmh aysmufoavmufud k@ S daeay_yD?
ud koef;[efu csufeufeufav;ud k @Sm_zif hav;ig;judrfavmuf
xd k ;7ufay;_y D ;aemuf tomxxd ki fonf? rdr dwmuawmh yufvuf
pif ;pi f ;juD;vJavsmi f ;tdy fpufv#uf? rd k hxGm;aom7ifom;qd ki f juD;E Sp fc k
vHk;vHk; tdtdwkefwkef@S daeovdk aygifawGum;aeaomajumifh aygif7if;cGqHkrS
apmufzkwfjuD;onfvnf; rd k hazgi f ;juGwufaeonf? pdr f hxGufaeaom
t7nfjunfwd k hajumif h tzkwf0rSm vufueJvufueJ_zpfv#uf@S donf?
aygufumpapmufar$;EkE k cyfa7;a7;@S daerS Kuvnf; apmufywf>Ekopf
ys d K@ G<frS Kud k az:!$ef;_yaeoa<mif?
286
aumifrav;>rsufawmifrsm; arS;pi f ;usaeonf? 7Da0aom
rsufvHk;arS;arS;uav;rsm;onf udkoef;[efudk rdef;rdef;rl;rl;yif junfhaeonf?
r d r dwm>b<fbufem ;w Gi f x d k i f a eaomu d koe f ;[e fon f
aumi frav;>b<fa _cusi f ;0w fu d k tomud ki fum | ay gi f ju D ;u d k
aÕrmuf<lvd kufonf? b<fbuf'a~gufauG;ae7mud k rdrdvnf~kwfay:
ususeea7mufoGm;atmif qGJwif<lay;vd kufonf? rdrdwm>b<fbuf
aygifwefud k ud koef;[efu yckef;_zif hxrf;wifvd kufonfhoabmrs d K ;?
b<fbufaygifjuD;axmifwufrS KE Si f htwl rdrdwm>zifom;_crf;
juD;onfvnf; arGh7may:rSjuGwufonf? nma_caxmufu pif;v#ufom;
@S daeqJrd k h nmbufzifom;_crf;juD;uawmh arG h7may:tdtdjuD;usv#ufom;
@S daeonf? udkoef;[efu tomaygifc Gjum;bufod k h ud k<fud ky d kwd k ;uyf
vd kuf7m b<fbufaygifyd kaxmifI b<fzifom;_crf;yd kIjuGwufonf?
wifyg;wbufjuG| wbufedrf hE Si f h cg;av;nmbufod k h rvdef hwvdef_zpf
oGm;onf? aygi fc GqH kvnf; cyfum;um;@ S dae7m apmufywfuawmh
xifxif@ Sm;@ Sm;ay:aeonf?
ud koef;[efonf nmvufud kqef hxkwfum rdrdwm>Ed k htH krsm;ud k
vSrf;ud kqkyfe<fyGwfoyfonf? b<fvufacsmif;rsm;uawmh rdrdwm>
287
aygi fc G jum;r Sapmufz kwfud k tomqG J _z Jonf? yguifry Gi f hao;aom
tys d Kpp fpp fav;>apmufywfr d k h qG J _z Jonf hwd ki f Auf_y JjuD; _zp frvm?
[ww_yJwJwJav;om _zpfonf? !S DwDwDtzkwfeH hav;u oif;ys H hys H h
@ S d7m ud koef;[efrSm wHawG;yifjuGif hueJ_zpfvmonf? ud koef;[ef>
rlvpdwful;u Ed k htH krsm;ud k vufwbuf_zif hqkyfe<fay;7if; usefvuf
wbuf_zif h apmufywfud kaumif;aumif;yGwfuvday;7ef_zpfonf? <ckrl
vufwbufwnf;_zif h tm;r7El difawmhaomajumif h (apmufzkwfu Ekopf
vSyum teH hvnf;oif;onfr[kwfygvm;) Ed k htH krsm;ud kvSrf;ud ki faeonfh
nmvufud k z<fc Gm@ ky fodr f ;um| apmufz kwfod k k h vrf;ajumif;ae7m
a_ymif;<lonf? tzkwfud knmvuf_zif h ususeeqG J _z Jonf? _yD;awmh
b< fvu f! S d K ;u d kw H aw G ;q Gw fum tay:r Stvsm ;v d ku fx duy fI
yGwfay;onf?
Þ tm;- -tm; OD;av;juD;7J h- -td k td k- -b<fvd kawGvkyfae
wmvJ @Sih f? [m- -tJ'Dvd k rvkyfe J hav- -tdk td k- -tarh [if h ß
aumifrav; aumhys HwGef hvdefwufvmonf? udkoef;[efonf
apmufywfud k _z Jxm;7m wHawG;tomaxG;csvd kuf| vufacsmif;rsm;_zif h
wHawG;rsm;udk tzkwfwGiftyDxdyGwfvkduf| yg;pyfrS[l;ueJavrSKwfay;vdkuf
vkyfaeonf? Tt_yKtrlonf apmufywfud k7ufay;onfESif h tvGef
288
wlvSay7m rdr dwmc_rm xGe f hxGe f hvl ;Iaeavawmhonf? rde f ;rrsm;
w^SmjuG@Gxef_yif;vmatmif txda7mufqH k ;vkyfE l di fonf henf;vrf;r Sm
apmufywfud k7ufay;_cif;_zpfajumif; ud koef;[efaumif;aumif;odonf?
odk haomf udkoef;[eftwGufwckcufaeonfu olonf rdef;rapmufywfudk
7ufray;vdkyg? @G Hovdkvd k@S donf? xdkajumif hieJom;u apmufywf7ufay;
onfESi f hr_cm; tvm;wlonfhwHawG;axG;cs| vufacsmif;rsm;_zif huyfyGwf
onfhenf;ud k ol hzmomolwDxGifxm;onf?
xd kenf;rSm tawmfvnf;xda7mufonf? tzkwfud k7ufay;pkyfay;
aeonfESif h xyfwlxyfr#eD;yg;yif (t_ynfht0awmh r[kwfyg) xdrdav7m
b<fvd ky J _zpf_zpf olenf;u rdef;rawGØa[mh×vm| juGvm| ^Smxefvm
atmifawmh ususeevkyfEd li fp Gr f;@ S donf?
<ck rdrdwmqdkv#if rdrd>tzkwfud k yaxG;uukef;7ufaeav_yD
vm;[k xifr Swfr Sm ;um arm[k dufv#uf t7rf ;ud kaumhy s HvS Ky f@ Sm ;
w^Smxvmav7awmhonf?
ud koef ;[ef>acgi f ;onf rdr dwmaygi fjum;od k ha7mufaeav7m
rdr dwmtae_zi f h r dr d>tzkwfud kuke f ;7ufay;aeonf[k xifr Swfrnf
qd kyguvnf; xifrSwfp7myif?
289
Þ [m- -[m- -r7ufeJ hav- -tdk- -'kuQygbJ? rvkyfygeJ h
O D ;av;juD;7<f- -td k td k- -cuf_yD? tm;yg;yg;- -tm;- -@G Hvnf;
r@G Hbl;? trav;av;aemf- -[if h [if h ß
r dr d>apmu fyw fu d k u ke f ;7u fay ;aeonfxi faomajumi f h
r dr dwm>yg;pyfrS onfvd kpum;rs d K ;awG yGif htHxGufvmonf? xdkpum;
rsm;uk djum;7aomudkoef;[efrSm r<m;ygorD;av; b<fvd ktawG;ayguf
aeajumif;ud k em;vnfoGm;onf?
ud koef;[efonf rdrdwmaygifc Gjum;od k ha7mufae7mrS tomz<f
xonf? vnf~kwfay:cG_zwfwifxm;aom rdrdwm>b<faygifjuD;udkvnf;
_yefIz<fcsonf? udkoef;[ef> Øtzkwf7ufay;rS Ktwkajumif h × 7ifwkef
yef;wkef_zpfatmif 7rufaZmjuGxefaeavaomrdrdwmrSm qyfwiHhiH hjuD;vdk
_zp fonf? raumi f ;y gbl ; ? rvky fy ge J h bmnma_ymqd kc J haom fvnf;
wu<fawmhrdr dwmrSm xdkod k ht_yKcH7rS Kud k ESpfoufoabmusaeav_yD?
rdr dwmrSm touf(12)ESpfausmfausmfom@S dao;aom yguifydwf
tys d Kppfppfav;_zpfonfhwd ki f umrt7omESif hywfoufvd k huawmh t_cm;
aomtysd Kpifrsm;vd k tpdrf;oufoufr[kwf? ud kr d kufu<fESi f h rvd k;ju@k H
wr<f Ø_zpf×c J hr S Krsm;ajumif h 7ruftm@k Hud k tawmfyifuÈrf;0iftxmus
290
aeonf? 'gajumifhvnf; csufqdkem;cGufurD;awmufv#uf aZmxoefovdk
7rufvnf;xefonf?
udkoef;[efu rdrdwm>nmbufaygifjuD;udk qwfueJqGJ<lvdkuf
um axmifwifvd kuf_yefonf? xdktcg apmapmub<faygifaxmifwuf
cJhrSKESif h qefhusifbufta_ctaeawGay:vmonf? xdk h_yif udkoef;[efvnf;
apmapmuvd k r dr dud k<fud kcy fauG ;auG ;cy fud ki f ;ud ki f ;vky fraeawmhbJ
tenf;i<fqef hxkwfvd kufonf? nmaygifud kvnf; yd kqG JaÕrmuf<lxm;
vdkuf7m rdrdwmrSm nmbufodk hwapmif;tdyfaeonfhtaers d K;od k ha_ymif;vm
onf? ud koef;[efuvnf; rdrdwmbufod k h cyfapmif;apmif;tdyfonfh
taevkyf_yD; aumifrav;aygifcGjum;od k h acgif;wd k ;0ifvm7m ol>aygif_cH
onfvnf; rdrdwm>rsufESmESif he D;uyfoGm;onf? aygifcGqH krSxd k;xd k;axmif
axmifESif h rwfawmifaeavaomvD;juD;uvnf; rdrdwm>rsufESmteD;wGif
waig haig hwvSKyfvSKy f _zpfaeavonf?
ud koef;[efonf rdrdwm>zifom;_crf;juD;ESp fc kud k wpfvSnf hp D
vuf0g;ESif htkyfudkifum yGwfonf? apmufywfudk_zJum vufacsmif;rsm;ESif h
uyfyGwfonf? apmufaphud kvnf; yGwfqG Jonf? wHawG;rsm; apmufywf
ay:od k haxG;IaxG;Icsonf? ziftuGJajumif;jum;rS ptd kayguf0ud kvnf;
rawmfwqxdrdovdkvd k vufacsmif;rsm;_zif hxd k;yGwfuvday;avao;onf?
291
aumifrav; wGef hueJwGef hueJ_zpfonf? wudk<fvHk;vnf; zdef;@S def;
ukefonf? xdk h_yif olr>rsufESmteD;tem;wGif xdk;xdawmhrwwf@S daeaom
vD;acsmif;rnf;rnf;eufeufjuD;u rdrdwm>pdwfud k txl;r@k d ;r@G_zpfap
onf? yaxG;ud koef;[ef>vD;ud k olr>tarcifaracsmtm;7yg;7pkyfay;
r S Kr sm;ud k r dr dwmacsmi f ; junf hawG h _ri fp dwfvS Ky f@ Sm ;c J h7z l ;onf? <ck
tar_zpfolcifaracsmvD;pkyfaeyH k _rifuGif;rsm;ud k rdrdwm_yefvnf_rifa<mif
vmonf? rdcif_zpfolcifaracsm pkyfay;cJ haomvD;juD;| rdrdrsufESmem;wGif
waig hai g hv S Ky fc gaer S Konf aumi frav;ud k y d kp dw f juGvmaponf?
umraZmt[kefuvnf; _yif;onfxuf_yif;vm7m rdrdwm b<fvd kr S
raeEl di fawmhyg?
rdrdwm>yg;pyfav; tvdkvd ky Gi f h[um vD;acsmif;juD;ud kvSrf;I
iH kpkyfvdkufrdavawmhonf? rdrdwmudk<fwdkifyif rdrdb<fvdkvkyfvdkufrdonf
udk csufcsif;rod? yg;pyfxJvD;a7mufvmrSawmhyif yaxG;>vD;udk pkyfay;
aerdajumif;odonf? xdkod k hod7aomtcgwGifawmh vD;ESif he S Kwfcrf;v$mrsm;
ususeexdrdv#uf yg;pyfxJod k hvnf; vD;xdyfbufyd ki f ;'pfjuD;tygt0if
av;vufrausm fausm favmufwd k ;0i fa7muf@ S daev#uf vD;p ky fay;r S K>
t7omudkvnf; aumif;aumif;cHpm;7_yDrd k h rdrdwmtae_zif h vD;udk_yefxkwf
ypfzd k hyif pdwfrul;rdawmh? yg;pyfxJa7mufaeaomvD;juD;udkom a7cJacsmif;
p ky fovdk tm;7yg;7ESif h rufrufarmarmpkyfay;aerdavawmhonf?
292
ud koef ;[efwGi fvnf; r dr dwmud kvD ;p ky fc d ki f ;z d k h tjuH@ S donf?
'gajumif hvnf; aumifrav;rsufESmem;wGif olhiyJacsmif;juD;ud k teD;uyf
ta7mif_yay;xm;_cif;_zpfonf? odk haomftys d Krav;ud k vD;pkyfay;7atmif
tawmfod ki f;0d ki f ;qG Jaqmif<l7rnf[k xifxm;onf? a[m <ckawmh
b<fvd kr StaxGtxl; od ki f;0d ki f ;qG JaqmifoGrf;oGif;p7mrvdkbJ rdrdwmu
@kwfw7ufvD;pkyfay;vm7m ieJom;tH hjoIyifoGm;onf?
tys d K@ k di f ;rav;rd k h r dr dwmonf vD;p ky fody fruÈrf ;? od k haomf
twk_riftwwfoifqd kovdk olr>rdcif cifaracsmvD;pkyfay;cJ hy H krsm;ud k
acsmif;junfhawGh_rif7or# twk<lumvkyfae7m udkoef;[eftwGufawmh
t7omawGhaeonfu trSef? xd k h _yif vD;ESi f hoGm;xdrdud kufrdr S Krs d K ;vnf;
r@S daomajumif h ud koef;[efrSm Zdrfcsnf;awG haeonf?
xd kajumif hud koef;[efonf yd kItaetxm;aumif;atmif_yK_yif
<lonf? ab;apmif;taetxm; zif_yefacgif;_yef@S dae7mrS ud koef;[efu
aumifrav;udk<fay:odk h ususeewufcGrdv#ufom;_zpfoGm;atmif vkyf<l
onf? tomav;vSdrf hum tay:bufod k hwufvk dufonf? aumifrav;>
zifom;juD;rsm;ud k xdef;ud ki fum qGJ<lxm;onf?
rdrdwmuvnf; tvdkufodonf? ud koef;[efqG J<lonfhtwdki f;
293
tvd kufoif hvk dufvmonf? aumifrav;onf tvGe fyi f^Smxefum
vD;p ky f7wmud kvnf; t7omxl;awG haeav7m yg;pyfxJr SvD;wefjuD;
uÈwfx Gu froGm ;7atmi f txl ;owdxm;um| i H k p ky fay ;xm;onf?
Todk h _zih f ud koef;[efu tay:rScGv#uf rdrdwmu atmufrSyufvuf
wa<mufaygifc Gjum;wa<muf acgif;0ifrsufESmtyfum (69)yH kp Htae
txm;ud k tyDt_yifa7mufoGm;juavawmhonf?
atmufbufrS r<m;ygorD;av;u yaxG;>vD;juD;ud k yg;pyf_zif h
tyDt_yifi H kp ky fay;aeonf? yaxG;ud koef;[efu zifrnf;rnf;juD;ud k
vS Ky f@ Sm;ay;7m ol>vD;acsmi f ;rnf;rnf;wkwfwkwfjuD;onf r<m;yg
orD;av;>yg;pyfxJ wdk;0if_yefxGufvSKyf@ Sm;v#uf yg;pyfud kvd k ;aeonfh
ta_ctaers d K ; _zpfay:aeavonf? umrewfqd k;yl;uyfzrf;pm;xm;_cif;
c Hae7avaomrdrdwmonf olrrke f;wD;vSaomyaxG;>vD;acsmif;juD;ud k
wtm;yi fp ky fae7m w_y Gwf _y GwftoHawG aomaomnHatmi f _rnfI
aeavawmhonf?
r dr dwmu vD;ud kty Dp ky faeaom fvnf ; ud koe f ;[e fuawmh
apmufywfudk vufacsmif;rsm;ESif homyGwfay;aeonf? rdrdwmtaeESif hawmh
udkoef;[efu olrapmufywfudk7ufay;aeonf[kom xifrSwf<Hkjunfum
zDvifawGwufaeonf? 'gajumif h vD;ud kyd kI_yif;_yif;jurf;jurf;pkyfonf?
294
rdr dwmu vD;p ky fjurf;vm7m onftwd ki f ;qd k vD;p ky fay;r S Kajumif h
v7nfawGxGufuke fawmhrnfud k ud koef;[efawG;r donf? ud koef;[ef
tae_zi f h r dr dwmvD;p ky fay;wmud k oabmust7omawG haomfvnf;
aumifrav;ud k vd k;csifao;onf? olhv7nfawGud k aumifrav;yg;pyf
xJwGifr[kwfbJ apmufywfxJwGif yef;xnfhay;csi fonf? 'gajumif h
(69)yH kp H _zif h zif_yefacgif;_yefc Gxm;7mrS z<fcGmonf? rdrdwmyg;pyfxJrS
vD;ud kqG J _zKwf<lvd kufonf?
Þ bm_zpfvd k hvJ [if- -OD;av;juD;7<f? uÈefrpky fay;wm
raumif;vd k hvm; ß
vD;p ky fIaumif;aewke f ; yg;pyfxJr SvD;_zKwf<loGm;onf htwGuf
rdr dwmu ar;onf?
rdrdwmwdk ht@G<f aumifrav;awGrSm tcsufrdum^Smxvmv#if
t@Suftajumufr@S dbJ t7rf;udk&Jwif;vmwwfonf? <ckvnf; yaxG;udk
cyf7J7Jyif ar;onf?
Þ aumif;ygw<f rdwm7m? rdwmu vD;p ky fwwfae_yDud k ;?
ck[mu eif hud kvd k ;awmhrvd k hav ß
295
Þ uÈefr b<fvd kaeay;7rvJ? apmapmwkef;uvdk zifaxmif
ukef;ay;7rvm; ß
7Jr<fh7Jwif;awmhvnf; rdrdwmonf udkoef;[efzsm;oGm;avmuf
atmifud kyif ESKwfoGufaeonf? tvdk;cHjunfhvd kaompdwfawGuvnf;
t7rf;xufoefae_yDud k ;? vD;ud kyg;pyfxJoGif;um pkyfay;7rSKu t7om
aumif;aumif;ay;7m apmufywfxJxd k;oGif;_yD;vd k ;v#if xd kxuft7om
awGhrnf[kvnf; rdrdwmu uav;wGuf,wGufrdonf?
ud koef ;[efuvnf; zifaxmifuke f ;c d ki f ; _y D ; Ed k hqG Jvd k ;7wmud k
tawmfjud Kufonf? od k haom f r dr dwmud k r dr dy guifz Gi f hptcs de fwGi f
ty s d Ktar S ;y g ;ay gu fo Gm ;aomtcg aumi frav;>r su fE S mtr lt7m
rnfod k h@ S donfud k junfh@S Kt7omcHvd konfhtwGuf zifaxmifumvdk;onfh
taetxm;ud k t@S de f7vmaomtcgrSvkyf7ef qdki f;i H hxm;vd kufonf?
Þ yxrqHk; yufvufyJcsr<f? aemufyd ki f ;r S zifaxmifvd k ;wm
ayg h? 'l;axmif_yD; aygifum;xm;vd kuf- - ß
rdrdwmrSm arG h7may:wGifyufvuftdyfae7m taetxm;a_ymif;
p7mrvdk | 'l;ESp fc kaxmifum aygifum;ay;vd kuf@k Hom_zpfonf? aygifum;
296
vdkufawmh tzkwfuxif;xif;juD;ay:aeonf? umrpdwfwufjuGrSKajumifh
tzkwfjuD;azgif;juGum t7nfawGpd k@ $ Jae7m qufvd k;z d k ht7Hoif hay?
udkoef;[efonf r<m;ygorD;av;>aygifjum;wGif ae7m0if<lum
wufcGonf? 7rufaZmjuGum 7Jwif;aeavaomrdrdwmonf yaxG;>
vD;wefjuD;ud k nmvuf_zif hqky fud ki fqG J<lum rdr d>apmufywf0wGif
awhay;vd kufonf?
Þ ODav;juD;OpPmu t7rf;juD;wmyJaem f? 'gjuD;xd k ;oGi f ;7if
odyfemrSmvm; [if ß
rdr dwmu ar;vd kufonf?
Þ eif hapmufywfxJrSm apmuf7nfawGpd k _yD; @$ Jaew<fr[kwfvm;ß
Þ tif;- -tif; pd kaewmyJ? cpfcpfcpf ß
Þ at;- -tJ'Dvd krs d K ;apmuf7nfawGpd kae7if vD;t0ifacsmygw<f?
p0ifumpavmufyJ Zd k ;ueJZyfueJemrSm? 0ifoGm;7if tm;vH k ;td kau?
[kwfvm; ß
297
Þ tif;- -tif;- - ß
Þ oGif;- -oGif;r<faemf ß
Þ oGif;av- - ß
Þ Aspf- -bGyf- - ß
Þ tm;- -uÈwfuÈwfuÈwf- - ß
ud koef;[efu zdxd k;vd kuf7m tzkwf0wGifususeeawhay;xm;
onfhtwGuf vD;'pfjuD;u av#mueJwd k;0ifonf? rdrdwm>apmufacgif;
xJwGif apmuf7nfjunfawGt_ywfpd k@ $ Jaeonfht_yif rdrdwmpkyfay;xm;
rS Kajumif h vD;acsmi f ;juD;wGi fvnf; wHawG;awGtyDqGwf_y D ; _zpfae7m
t0ifacsmonf? od k haomf wif;juyfp D ;y d ki faomajumif h aumifrav;
rsufESm@S H K hr J hum pkyfoyfnnf;rdonf? vD;0ifaomtcg_zpf_r JxH k ;p Htwd ki f;
rdrdwm>aygif_cHawG qwfueJvSKyfum aygifwef_zL_zLjuD;ESpfacsmif;vnf;
y d kIum;xGufoGm;avonf?
ud koef;[efonf r<m;ygorD;av;> rsufESmud kaoaocsmcsm
298
junf h7i f ; vD;ud ky d kIz doGi f ;onf? ody ft7rf ;juD;awmh rvky fao;?
tomzdIzdIxd k;onf? vD;onf usOf;juyfaomapmufacgif;aygufav;
xJod k h wpfIxd k ;0i fonf? vD;wd k ;0i faer S Kud k wufc Gvd k ;aeola7m|
atmufrSc Haeolyg od@S dc Hpm;7onf? aumifrav;>rsufESm rJ hIrJ hI
oGm;onf? pkwfoyfoHav;rsm;vnf; ay:xGufonf? 'gayr<fh emI
nnf;oHawmh ray:xGufvmao;? rdrdwm>tzkwf0wGif usdef;Iatmifhum
emawmhemonf? 'gayr<fh emjuifrS Ku odyfr_yif;xefao;onfht_yif
t7omuyd kaumif;aeonfrd k h ratmfao;_cif;_zpfonf?
xd kod k hvD;xd k ;oGi f;7m vD;w0ufavmuft0ifwGif apmufacgif;
xJwGifusef@S daeao;aom tysd KtarS;yg;ud k vD;xdyfuxdaxmufrdonf?
t_ynfht0@Sdraeawmhaomajumifh wif;ueJtdueJxif@Sm;pGmawmh odompGm
r_zpfyg? udkoef;[efonf aumifrav;tys d Kppfppf_zpfajumif;odI txl;
owdxm;umtm@k Hpd kufaeaomajumif h w0ufwysufusef@S dzH k ;umxm;aom
tarS;yg;vufusefud k xd k;axmufrdrS Ktm;od_cif;_zpfonf?
Þ eif hapmufywfxJu tysd KtarS;yg;ud k ig hvD;juD;xd k ;axmuf
aer d _y D ? t J' gay gu fo G m ;atmi f i gy gui fz G i f h _ y D ; z dx d k ;o Gi f ; r< f ?
[kwfvm;- - ß
299
Þ tif;- -tif;- - ß
Þ enf;enf;awmh emvdrf hr<f? atmif h _y D;c Haemf? vD;tqHk;0if_yD;
oGm;7if eifaumif;zd k hcsnf;yJ odvm; ß
Þ tif;- -tif;- - ß
umrqdy ft7r f ;wufaeaomr dr dwmr Sm rsufvH k ;yi frz Gi f h e d l i f ?
rsufvH k ;ar S ;pi f ;um rS de f ;r S de f ;r l ;r l ;a_ymonf? vD;0ufce f hwd k ;0i fae_y Dr d k h
vD;udkifawhay;xm;p7mrvdkawmhaomajumifh rdrdwmu vD;udkifxm;onfh
vufud kvnf; z<fcGmypfvk dufonf?
udkoef;[efonf t7nfcsL_yD; aumifrav;udkpdwfqGonfhtae_zifh
0i faeaomvD ;ty d ki f ;u d k xd k ;o Gi f ; _ye fx kwfE Si f htoma!Smi f hay;onf?
apmuf7nfjunfav;rsm; yspfyspf| yspfyspfESif hxGufonf? aumifrav;vnf;
w[if;[if;_zpfvmonf?
ud koe f ;[efonf rdr dwm>aygi fwefjuD;E Sp facsmi f ;ud k r dr d>
b<fnmyckef;wbufpDay:od k h xrf;vd kufonf? _yD;awmh ud k<fud ka@S hod k h
ud ki f ;csvd kuf7m aygifjuD;rsm;z dwGe f ;ovd k _zpfv#uf auG;!$wfusonf?
300
' l ;acgufauG;rsm;onf rdr dwm>7ifbwfem;ud kyi f xdvkvk_zp fonf?
aygi fauG ;!$wfr S KE Si f htwl aumi frav;>zifjuD ;vnf; ar G h7may:r S
juGwufvmonf? aumifrav;>wifqH k juD;E Si f h ar G h7mrxdawmhbJ
cg;qpftpGefqH k;tyd ki f;ESif hom arG h7mESif hxdawGhrdaeonf? ptdk0u [_yJ_yJ
_zpfonf? apmufacgif;aygufvnf; 'd k ;<d kayguftHusoGm;onf?
ud koef;[efu cg;tm;wGifud k<ftav;cs de fz dtm;yg xyf_znf hum
cyf_yif; _yif;aqmif hoGi f ;vk dufonf?
Þ bGyf- -Aspf- -@SL;- - ß
vD;wacsmif;vH k; apmufacgif;aygufav;xJod k h tqHk;_rKyf0ifonf?
vD;'pf_yJvefjuD;u apmufacgif;xJwGifvufusef@S daeao;onfh tysdKtarS;yg;
w0ufwysufud k vH k ;0p kwf _ywfoGm;atmi f xd k ;azgufyp fvd kufonf?
vD ;u q<fvufrausm fausm f@ Snfonfr d k h apmufacgi f ;twGi f ;buf
eufeuf@S d Kif;@S d Kif;juD;odk h a7mufonftxdwdk;0ifonf? 'pfonf om;tdrfudk
' kwfueJ_rnfatmif xd k;r donf?
Þ atmifr<fav;av;- -wacsmif;vH k;0ifoGm;_yD- -[if h[if h
A d kufjuD;awmhrSmyJ- -[if h[if h ß
301
rdrdwm>yg;pyfrS atmfoHav;awGay:xGufonf?
a<mufsm;ESi f hr de f;rvd k;juv#if Ad kufjuD;onf[k rdrdwmuodae
onf? xdkajumif h olrapmufzkwfxJod k h vD;wacsmif;vH k ; _ynf hodyfatmif
0ifvmaomtcg onfvd k!nf;!latmf[pfrd_cif;_zpfonf?
Þ rdwmuvnf;uGm- -Ad kufrjuD;Ed li fygbl; ß
ud koef;[efu tqHk;0ifoGm;aomvD;acsmif;juD;ud k xd k ;E Sp fp dr f
xm;um yguifyGif htys d K7nfysuf_yD;ump apmufzkwf>zspf!SpfxdawGhrS Kud k
t7omcHae7if; a_ymonf?
Þ [m- -txJud k tukef0ifae_yDyJOpPm? Ad kufjuD;awmhrSmayg h
vd k h- - ß
Þ eifuvnf; r[kwfwm? eif htarud k ignwdki f ;' Dvd ktqH k;
xd k ;oGi f ; _y D ; 0uf0ufuG Jatmifvd k ;aewmyJ? b<frSm Ad kufjuD;vd k hvJ?
vd k ;w d ki f ; A d ku frjuD ;y gb l ;[m? ajumufraee J h ? A d ku frjuD ;atmi f
vd k ;wJ henf;awGrS tyH k? igvd k ;wmcH7vd k h Ad kufrjuD;7apbl;? pdwfcs?
tmrcHw<f- - ß
302
udkoef;[efu Ad kufjuD;rSmajumufaeaom r<m;ygorD;av;ud k
7 J7 Jwi f ;wi f ; juD ; a_ymqd ktmrc Hvd kufonf? xd ko d k ha _ym_y D ;onfE Si f h
cyfoGufoGufav; wcsufcsi f ;r Se fr Se faqmif hvd k ;ay;vd kuf7m rdr dwmrSm
zDvifawGwufvmae7m AdkufjuD;rSmawGbmawG b<fvdkrSawG;rylEd lifawmh?
yaxG;vd k ;aqmif hor#ud k _rde f _r de fjuD;yifcHaeavawmhonf?
Þ bGyfzkwfzwf- - ß
Þ tm;yg;yg; [if h ß
Þ emovm; rdwm ß
Þ [if htif;- -rembl;- - ß
Þ aqmif hvd k ;r<faemf ß
Þ tif; ß
ud koef;[efu tm;_yif;_yif;_zif h q<fcsufcyf_ref_refoGufoGuf
aqmif hvd k ;ay;vd kufonf? aumifrav;rSm aqmif hvd k ;wmaumif;r Se f ;
303
t_ywfodv#uf zifjuD;w<rf;<rf;_zpfvmonf? aumifrav;t7om
aumif;aumif;awGhvmaomtcgwGifrS udkoef;[efuynm_yum taqmif h
7yfv#uf vD;ud ktzkwfxJw0ufr@S dxd k ;oGif;_y D; tom_idrfaevd kufonf?
aqmif hvd k ;c H7wmud k t7omawGhae_yD _zpfaomrdr dwmrSm rae
Ed li fawmh?
Þ td k- -[if h OD;av;juD;uvJ? bm_zpfvd k h7yf_yD; _idrfoGm;7
wmvJvd k h- -aqmif hav- -aqmif hpr f ;yg? ' Dr Sm zDvifwufae_y D?
odvm;? vkyfygOD;av;juD;7<f- -aqmif hyg- - ß
xd ktcgud koe f ;[efu aqmif hvd k ;ay;onf? tm;ody frxnf h ?
odyfvnf;r_ref? cyfa_z;a_z;av; a!Smifhvdk;ovdkrs dK;vkyfae7m aumifrav;
tm;r7?
Þ [muGm- -tm;_yif;_yif;e J h cyfjurf;jurf;aqmif hprf;ygOD;av;
juD;7- -vkyfyg@Si f h- - ß
Þ eifemrSm pd k ;vd k hyg[- - ß
304
Þ remawmhbl;? emvnf;7w<f? aqmif homaqmif h ß
Þ 'gqd k zifyl;awmif;axmif_yD;ukef;ay;- -wtm;aqmif hvd k ;r<fß
Þ 7w<f? z<fav- - ß
ud koef;[efonf tzkwfxJrSvD;qG Jxkwfum rdrdwmud k<fay:rS
qif;vd kufonf? aumifrav;onf csufcsif;yifvl;vJxum zifyl;awmif;
axmifIukef;ay;onf? vdk;ae7ufwef;vef;rd k h apmufywfwGift7nfawG
pd k@ $ Jum t_yifod k hyifpD;usonf? qGJxkwfxm;aomvD;acsmif;juD;wGifvnf;
apmuf7nfjunfrsm;vdrf;us Hum vufa_ymifaeonf?
ud koef;[efonf vD;ud k aumifrav;zif0wGif tomawhaxmuf
vd kuf7m rdrdwmzifav;wGef hoGm;onf?
Þ [dwf- -OD;av;juD;- -b<fud koGm;axmufwmvJ? zifayguf
@Si f h- -taygufrSm;ae_yD ß
7rufaZmxef_yif;um 7Jwif;aeaomrdrdwmu acgif;av;aemuf
iJ hjunfh_y D;a_ymonf? olrpdwfxJwGifawmh ud koef;[efu zifaygufxJ
305
vD;juD;xd k ;oGif;z d k h pdwful;rsm;@S davovm;[kawG;rdonf?
wu<fawmh udkoef;[efu r<m;ygorD;av;udk Øp×onfhoabm
_zif hom zifaygufwGif vD;ud kawhaxmufvd kuf_cif;_zpfonf? olonf
zifvd k ;z d k h 0goemryg? olt"duxm;wmu apmufzkwf? tzkwfud kom
tyDvd k ;olwa<muf_zpfonf?
Þ [m- -aqm7D;uGm? vdk;csifaZmeJ h axmufvd kufwm zif0
_zpfaewmudk;? ud ki f; tzkwf0rSmaoaocsmcsmaxmufrdatmif apmapm
wkef;uvdkyJ awhuyfay;ygvm;uG- -[J[J[J- - ß
r<m;ygorD;av;ud k tyDvd k;ae7_yDrd k h ud koef;[efu cyf@$i f@ $i f
cyf_rL;_rL;av;a_ymvd kufonf?
Þ uJ- -ay;- -wuwnf; taygufrsm;acsm f7w<fvd k h ß
rdrdwmuvnf; platmifhatmifhtoHav;wrifvkyfum udkoef;[ef
>vD;ud k nmvuf_zif hvSrf;qG Jum tzkwf0wGifawhay;vd kufonf?
awhay;vdkufonfESif h udkoef;[efuzdxdk;oGif;vk duf7m apmapmu
306
vdk;xm;I txmuvnf;usaeonfrd k h vD;'pfjuD;apmufacgif;xJ_rKyf0if
oGm;onf?
Þ tm;- -uÈwfuÈwf- -_znf;_znf; OD;av;juD;7? atmif hoGm;
wmyJ- - ß
zifaxmifvd k ;enf;>xH k;p H vD;t0ifyd kxdrdaomajumif h rdr dwm
a7@Gwfnnf;vd kufrdonf? emwmxuf aumif;wmyd krsm;oGm;onfhtwGuf
nnf;oHu trSefa_ym7v#if| emvdk hnnf;_cif;r[kwf? t7omawGhoGm;rSKud k
wbufvSnf h _zif hxkwfaz:vd kufaom rdef;rwd k h>txm_zpfonf? ud ki fawh
ay;xm;aomvufud kvnf; vD;acsmif;juD;rSz<fum arG h7may:cGItm;_yK
axmufvd kufonf? axmifxm;aomzifqH kjuD;onf yd kIaumhaxmifwuf
vmonf? aemufrSvD;ud kxd k;oGif;aeaomudkoef;[efrSm juGwufvmaom
qH kjuD;ud kjunf h7if; pdwfuvnf;axmif;ueJxvmav7m 'pf0ifae_yD
_zp faomvD;acsmi f ;juD;ud k tm;E Si f hz dxd k ;c sonf? vD;juD;wacsmi f ;vH k ;
apmufacgif;aygufxJod k h tukefw@S de fxd k ;yif0ifonf?
Þ atmifr<fav;- -OD;av;juD;7J h? jurf;vScsnfvm; ß
ud k<ftxufyd ki f;ud k arG h7may:yd_ym;aeatmif0yfcsum zifaxmif
307
ay;xm;aomrdrdwm acgif;juGwufvmonf? yg;pyfrSvnf; atmf[pf
nnf;wGm;onf?
rdr dvD;toGif;odyfrsm;jurf;oGm;av_yDvm;[k ud koef;[efp d k ;7 dr f
oGm;onf? olonf r<m;ygorD;av;ud k uG J _y JoGm;atmifawmh vd k;z d k h
r7nf@G<fyg?
Þ rdwm- -t7rf;emoGm;vm;? igpdwfxxeJ h tqHK;zdoGif;vd kuf
rdw<f- -aqm7D;uGm aemf ß
ud koef;[efu ava_yxd k;umacsmhvd kufonf?
Þ emwmayg h? t7rf;juD;ud k ;- -'gayr<fh t_ywfawmhrd kufw<f
OD;av;juD;7m? a7vnfyJ? aqmifhav- -wtm;omaqmifh- -[kwfvm;ß
vD;>t7omud k aumif ;vSr Se f ;odae_y D _zp faom rdr dwmonf
cyf_ywf_ywfyifa_ymum zifud ktaetxm;rysuf7avatmif axmifI
ay;onf? tvdk;cHaeonfhaumifrav;u onfvd krs d K ;a_ymvmonfwGif
vd k ;aeolie Jom;uvnf; b<fr SmaeEd li fawmhrnfenf;? tyDt_yi fud k
wtm;usHK;um aqmifhvd k;ypfvdkufavawmhonf? vdk;wmrS csd Kif;atmufrS
308
vufv# d Kum Ed k hqH kxGm;xGm;juD;E Sp fvH k ;ud k vufESp fbuf_zif hp H kud ki fum
qGJ!Spf_yD; w7jurf;aqmif havawmhonf?
Þ bGyfbGyfAspfbGyf- - ß
Þ aumi f ;v d ku fwmO D ;av;juD ;7? [if h- -aqmi f haqmi f h ?
wtm;omaqmif h- - ß
Þ bGyfbGyf- -aqmif hprf;yg- -aumif;vGef;vd k hyg OD;av;juD;7?
AspfAspfyvGyfbGyf- -bkbk- - ß
rdrdwmonf udkoef;[ef>aqmif hcsufjurf;jurf;rsm;ud k tm;7
yg;7yifukef;cH7if; yg;pyfrSvnf; tm;ay;tm;aÕrmufpum;rsm; wwGwfwGwf
a_ymaeonf? xdktcgieJom;rSmvnf; arm7rSef;yef;7rSef;yif rodEd lifawmhyJ
@ S dor#tm;tifawG tukefxkwfoH k ;um| pufaoewfypfovdk wbGyfbGyf
toHawGqufwdkuf_rnfaeatmifudk pHcs defwifaqmifhvd k;ay;avawmhonf?
x dr d _yi f ;xe faZmoe fv Saomaqmi f hv d k ;c su fr sm ;a jumi f h r dr dwmr S m
wcs D _y D;wcs D qufwd kufud k Ø_yD;×Iaeonf?
ukdoef;[efrSmvnf; 7rufaZmxefxefESifh wtm;usHK;vdk;ypfvdkuf7m
309
odyfjumjumrxdef;Ed lif? tcsufw7mausmfaqmifhvdk;_yD;aemuf okwf7nfawG
yef;xkwfay;vd kufavawmhonf? ^Smt7rf;xef_yif;um tm;oGefvd k ;ay;
vd kufr S K _zpfaomajumif h uk doef;[ef>okwfxGufuvnf; tawmfud k
jurf;onf? tysdK7nfysuf_yD;umpapmufacgif;av;xJwGif ylaEG;yspfcÈ Jaom
okwf7nfawG_ynfhv#HoGm;onf? udkoef;[efokwf7nfawGyef;xGufukefonfh
tcs de fwGi f rdr dwmwa<mufvnf; ig;judr fa_rmuf Ø_y D ; ×oGm;c J honf?
rdr dwm>apmufzkwfuvnf; t7nf@$rf;onf? rdrdwm>apmuf7nfjunf
rsm;ESi f hokwf7nfrsm;a7maESmrdum tzkwft_yifbufod k hyif tHxGufpD;us
onf? ukef;ay;xm;aomaygifvH k ;juD;rsm;wav#mufpD;qif;um arG h7may:
usonf?
ud koef;[efr Sm okwfv$wfay;_y D ;aemuf tawmfarm[d kufum
'l;vnfacG!$wfcsifovdkvd k _zpfvm7m awmif hrxm;Ed li fawmhyJ rdrdwm>
ausmay:arSmufcsvd kuf7m ESp fa<mufom;xyfv#ufyif arG h7may:od k h
usoGm;avawmhonf? rD;ukef<rf;ukefvd k;ypfcJ hr S Kajumif h vdk;ola7mcHolyg
arm[d kufyifyef;oGm;7m xyf7ufom;juD;_i dr fusoGm;onf?
c^tjumwGif tarmtenf;i<fa_yum touf@SLrSe fp_yKum
_idr fIrS de f ;aeju7mrS xvdkufrnft_yK wHcg;qDrSacgif;avmif;ES dy fvd kufoH
wwDwD_rnfIvmonf?
310
Þ [m- -b<fola7mufvmvJrodbl;? 'kuQyJ- - ß
rdrdwmu vl;vJx7if;a_ymonf?
Þ ig oGm;zGi f hvd kufr<f? eif tcef;xJrSm tomae7pfcJ h ß
ud koef;[efu a_yma_ymqd kqd k ykqd k;aumuf0wf_yD; tdyfcef;xJrS
xGufoGm;onf? v#yfpp facgi f ;avmif;E S dy fvd kufolr Sm ud kr d kufu<fom
_zpfrnf[kvnf; udkoef;[efu twwfodaeonf? onfvd kacgif;avmif;
ES dy f _y D;tdrfxJod k h0if7ef ud koef;[efESi f hud kr d kufu<fwd k h pnf;0g;ud kufxm;
juonfr[kwfygvm;? rdrdwmudk zifaxmifumtyDvdk;_yD;onfhtcsdefwGifrS
a7mufvmolud kr k dufu<fud k aus;Zl;wifovdkawmh_zpfonf? vdk;aumif;
aewkef; bJvfvmES dyfygu zDvifatmufZdrfysufoGm;Ed li fonfr[kwfygvm;?
ud koe f ;[efu wHcg ;z Gi f hvk duf7m olxifxm;onf htwk di f ;yi f
ud kr d kufu<f_zpfaeonfud kawG h7onf?
ud krd kufu<fu b<fvdkvJ[laomoabm_zih f tomar;qwfum
ar;onfud k ud koef ;[efuacgi f ;ndwfum vufraxmif _yvd kufonf?
tm;vH k;tqifacsm_yD qdkonfhoabm?
311
xd k aemu f u d k r d ku fu<fE S i f h ju d Kwi fc G i f c sw d k i f yi fxm ;onf h
twdki ftazgufpum;rsm;ud k pwifa_ymavonf?
Þ [m- -udkr d kufu<f? qdkprf;? bmudpP@S d _yefvd k hvJ ß
ud koef ;[efu tdy fce f ;xJ@ S dr dr dwmvnf;jum;E d li f7e f toHud k
rodromÕrif hI cyfus<fus<fa_ymonf?
Þ cifAsm;eJ h aqG;aEG;p7m@S dvd k hyg ß
Þ bmrsm;vJ- - ß
Þ tdrfxJ0ifyg7aptkef;? at;at;aq;aq;a_ymjuwmaygh ß
Þ uJ- -vmav- - ß
a<mufsm;juD;E Sp fa<mufonf wa<mufud kwa<mufrsufaph
tomrS dwf_yjuum {nfhcef;xJod k h0ifjuonf? ukdoef;[efu tdrfwHcg;ud k
_yefIcsufcsxm;cJ honf?
312
tdy fce f ;x J@ S dr dr dwmr Smawm h ud kr d ku fu<fa7mufvmajumi f ;
oduwnf;u tawmfav;wke fwke fvSKy fvSKy f _zpfaeonf? b<fvd krsm;
uGdKifwufavtkef;rvJ[k awG;awmpdk;7drfaeonf? <cktcgwGif rdrdwmonf
xrDudk7ifvsm;0wfxm;onf? tdyfcef;aygufem;tomuyfum udkoef;[efESif h
ud kr d kufu<fwd k h bmawGrsm;a_ymqd kaqG;aEG;juavrnfenf;[k em;pGi f h
aeonf?
wu<fawmh rdrdwmtae_zif h taxGtxl;tm@k Hp d kufem;pGi f hp7m
rvd kyg? ieJom;ESpfa<mufu aumifrav;jum;atmif a_ymjurnfom
_zpfonf?
Þ ud ki f;- -a_ymprf;ygtkef;? bmaqG;aEG;rSmvJ ß
{nfhcef;xdkifckefrsm;wGif ae7m<l_yD;aomtcg udkoef;[efu pum;
pvd kufonf?
Þ a<mufsm;csif; cyf@Si f;@ Si f;y Ja_ymr<fAsm? rdrdwmud k cifAsm;
zd kufae_yDr[kwfvm; ß
udkrd kufu<fhpum;jum;7aomrdrdwm rsufvHk;t_yL;om;_zpfonf?
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udkrd kufu<fa_ymwmu 'ufxdrSe faeonfr[kwfvm;? olrESif hyaxG;wd k h
apmapmav;uwifyJ zd kuf_yD;oGm;ju_yDav?
Þ a[hvl- -r[kwfwmawG vma_ymraeeJ h? bmatmif;arh
vd k hvJ- - ß
ud koef;[efu avoHrmrmESif h o@kyfygatmifa_ymvd kufonf?
Þ vkyfraeygeJ h ud koef;[ef7m? rdwmud k cifAsm;zifaxmifcd ki f ; _y D;
pzd kufwm uÈefawmfacsmif;junfh_y D;yg_yD? apmapmav;uwifyJav ß
ud kr d kufu<fu avoHat;at;ESi f ha_ymonf? rdr dwmrSmawmh
acgif;eyrf;juD;oGm;onf? tdyfcef;xJ rdrdwa<mufwnf;@S daeonfhwd ki f
tvd kvd krsufESmylum tae7txdki f7cufonf?
yaxG;u bm_yefa_ymrvJ[k rdrdwmem;pGif haeonf? udkoef;[ef>
pum;oHud krjum;7? udkr d kufu<f>toHom ay:vmonf?
Þ ody fvnf ; xdy fx dy f _ym _ym _zp froGm ;y ge J hA sm ? ' Du dp Pu d k
raygufjum;7atmif uÈefawmfv# d K h0 Sufay;xm;yg hr<f ß
314
Þ aus;Zl;ygyJ ud kr d kufu<f7m- - ß
Þ yg;py fuyJ aus;Z l ;wifvd k hr _zp fz l ;av? aus;Z l ;wH k h _ye f _y D ;
ES Kwfydwfcav;awmh ay;7rSmayg h? r[kwfbl;vm; ß
Þ cifAsm; aiGb<favmufvd kcsifvd k hvJ ß
Þ [m;[m;[m;- -uÈefawmfu aiGvm!Spfwmr[kwfygbl;
ud koef;[ef7m- - ß
Þ 'g_zif h cifAsm;bmvd kcsi fvJ? a_ym- - ß
Þ uÈefawmfeJhrdrdwm_zpfaewmudk cifAsm;utoHk;cs_yD; aumifrav;
ud ktjuyfud ki fz d kufcJ hwm r[kwfvm;- - ß
ud koef;[ef ESKwfqdwfae_yefonf?
rdrdwm>pdwfxJrSmawmh Þ[kwfw<f? tJ'DvljuD; tJ'Dvd ktjuyf
ud ki fc J hwm? tvum; ^Smbl;juD;ß [ka_ymaerdonf? 7rufaZmawG
tawmftoif havsmhusae_yDrd k h rdrdwmrSm yifud k<fpdwfrsm;_yef0ifaeonf?
315
udkoef;[efud kvnf; emusnf;a'goxGufaeonf?
Þ uÈefawmfu rdrdwmudkt7cs d Ki fEd li fzd k h vrf;ajumif;ys d K;xm;7wm
As? jum_yD- -jum_yD? cifAsm;u uÈefawmfys d K ;xm;wJ Hvrf;rSm jum;0if
_zwfwuf_yD; tyd ki fz d kufoGm;wm? cifAsm;rdr dwmud kz d kuf7wm uÈefawmf h
aus;Zl;ajumifhvdk h qdk7r<f? 'Dawmh cifAsm;wa<mufwnf; wudk<faumif;
vkyfraeeJ h? cifAsm;zd kufcGif h7_yD;7if uÈefawmh fud kvnf; @S<f<mcG Jay;ayg h?ß
Þ [mAsm- -cifAsm;uvJ- - ß
Þ vkyfraeygeJ h ud koef;[ef? a0pm;r#pm;ayg h? 'grs d K ;u ukefoGm;
wmvnf; r[kwfbl ; ? uÈe fawm f hu d k @ S<f<mray;bl ;qd k7i fawm h
cifAsm;eJ hr dwm_zpfaewJ hudpP ol htarud koGm;twdk htaxmifvkyf7rSmyJ ß
tdyfcef;xJrSem;axmifaeaomrdrdwm acgif;eyrf;juD;oGm;_yefonf?
Þ tJ'Dvd krs d K ;awmh rvkyfygeJ hAsm- - ß
Þ [kwfw<f? uÈefawmfuvnf; tJ' Dvd krs d K ;rvky fcsi fygbl;?
'gajumif h cifAsm;udk uÈefawmfvmaqG;aEG;wmaygh? _yD;awmh uÈefawmfu
316
tvum;vnf; rcsygbl;? wef7mwefaju; ay;rSmyg? ß
acwWr#wdwfqdwfoGm;_y D;aemuf ud kr d kufu<fhpum;oHay:xGuf
vm_yefonf?
Þ rdrdwmud k uÈefawmfjudKufovdkz d kuf7r<fqd k7if ig;axmif
ay;r<fAsm? aumifrav;vnf; rke f hbd k ;aumif;aumif;7wmayg h- - ß
Þ aumif;_yD- - ß
yaxG;ud koef;[ef> oabmwlvufcHvd kufoHu rdrdwmtwGuf
awmh tem;uyfrd k;judK;typfcHvdkufovdk_zpfonf? aumifrav; tawmfudk
wke fvSKy facsmufcsm;oGm;onf?
Þ a7mh- -'DrSm aiGig;axmif? cifAsm; tyDzd kuf_yD;umpqdkawmh
enf ;enf ;y g ;y g ; tem;<lvd ku fay g h ? ci fA sm ;em ;aewke f ; uÈe fawm f
wG<fvk dufr<f? wvSnf hp Dayg h ß
Þ tif;- -aumif;w<f? odyfawmh rjumapeJhaemf? usKyfuvnf;
qufzd kufcsifaeao;wm ß
317
Þ wem7Davmufawmh tcs de fay;Asm- - ß
Þ tdkau- - ß
a<musfm;juD;ESpfa<muf tay;t<lr#oGm;juav_yD? tdyfcef;
xJu aumifrav;rSmawmh wkefvSKyfacsmufcsm;um| bmvkyf7rnfrSe f;
rod_zpfoGm;onf? yaxG;u aiGvufcHvdkuf_yDqdkawmh rdrdrSm udkrd kufu<f
_yKor# Ek7awmhrnf ht_zpfusa7mufawmhrnf[k em;vnfvd kufonf?
wu<fwrf;usawmh udkr d kufu<fu udkoef;[efud kaiGig;axmif
ay;_cif;r[kwfyg? rdrdwmjum;Ed li fatmif yg;pyfua_ym_cif;om_zpfonf?
c^tjumwGif ud koef;[eftdyfcef;xJod k h0ifvmonf?
Þ uÈefrud k [d k- -[dk- -udkr d kufu<fjuD;eJ h v$wfay;rvd k hvm;
OD;av;juD;7<f- - ß
rdrdwmu yaxG;ud k oem;pzG<fid koHygav;ESif ha_ym@Smonf?
Þ eifhudkolu wufrvdk;@k Hwr<f t_ywfES dKufxm;_yD;_yDr[kwfvm;?
318
_y D;awmheifuvnf; tvkd;c Hz l;_y D;oGm;_yD? tys d Kr S rppfawmhwm? 'Dawmh
ol hud kvnf; tvkyfcHvd kuf7if eif htwGufbmrSrxl;ygbl;? eif rkef hz d k ;vnf;
7r<f? tm;vH k;vnf; a_yvnfoGm;r<f? igu tpptqifa_yatmif
vkyfay;wmyg[m- - ß
uk doef;[efa_ymvd kufyH ku rdrdwmtae_zif hol hud kyif aus;Zl;@Si f
wa<muft_zpf xd ki fuefawmh7awmhrvd kvd k? rdr dtwGuf b<fvd kr S
r _ii f ;E d li fatmi f p D7i fc sufc s _y D ; _y D _zp fajumi f ; em;vnfaomr dr dwm
acgif;av;iH k hoGm;@Smonf? bmrSxyfra_ymawmh? a_ymEd lifonfhtiftm;vnf;
r@S dawmh?
x d ktc s d e fr S myi f ud kr d ku fu<fu tdy fce f ;x Jo d k h _y H K ; _z J _z JE Si f h
0i fa7mufvmonf?
ud koef;[efu em7Djunfhvd kuf_yD;- -
Þ tck wcsufe J hq<frdep f@ S dae_y D? ESp fcsufe J hq<frdep ftxd
tcs de f7r<f? cifAsm;pdwfjudKuf vkyfcsifovdkvkyfayawmh? rdwm- -
oleJ htm;vH k;a_yvnfatmif vd kufavsmvd kuf- -[kwfvm; ß
319
ukdoef;[efu udkr d kufu<fESi f hr dr dwmud k wvSnf hp Da_ymonf?
rdrdyguifzGi f hum tysd K7nfzsufvd k;_yD;om;_zpfaom r<m;ygorD;av;ud k
ud kr k dufu<fvuftyfum tdyfcef;xJrSxGufoGm;onf?
Þ vm- -rdwm? a7av;bmav; oGm;aq;vdkuf7atmif ß
uk dr d kufu<fu rzd kufao;y J | r dr dwmud k a7cs d K ;ce f ;@ S d7mod k h
ac:oGm;onf? rdrdwmrSmvnf; acgif;av;iH kv#uf ud kr d kufu<fac:7m
aemufo d k h v d ku fo Gm ;7avonf? a7c s d K ;ce f ;x Jo d k h a7mufaomtcg
ud kr d ku fu<fu rdr dwm0wfxm;aom7i fvsm;xrDud k a_zcÈwfapum
ususee a7aq;oef hpifay;onf? rdrdwmrSm udkr d kufu<fa@S harSmufwGif
ud k<fvH k ;wD;ae_ycJ hz l ;aomfvnf; <ckvd kususeea7aq;oef hpifay;_cif;
cH7aomtcg rsufESmylylxlxl_zpfIaeonf?
ud kr d ku fu<fu rdr dwm>apmufz kwfomru zifaygufud ky g
aoaocsmcsmoefhpifoGm;atmif ususeeaq;ajumonf? udkrk dufu<fonf
ud koef;[efvd kr[kwf? zifcs7wm 0goemygonf? rdrdwmrSm toufi<f
ao;aomfvnf; ratwlorD;rd k h qHkjuD;vHk;tdum;ae7m rdrdwm>zifudkvnf;
aqm fc si faewm jum_y D ? aumi frav;ud k tyd ki fus H K ;o Gi f ;E l di fv#i f
zifud kvnf; 0tDaeatmifvd k ;ypfrnf[k <cifuyif tjuH@S dc J honf?
320
a[m <ck ud koef;[efESi f hy l ;aygif;juHpnfum rdrdwmud k t_ywfvd k ;E d li f
awmhrnf h ta_ctaea7mufvmonf htwGuf apmufywfa7mzi fa7m
wvSnf hp Dvd k ;yp f7e f7nf@ G<fcsuf _zi f h zi faygufud ky g ususeeoef hpi f
aq;ajum_ci f ; _zp fonf? r dr dwmr Smr l ud kr d ku fu<f htjuHud k rod?
od k haomf zifaygufud kususeeoef hpifaq;ajumaerSKajumif h pdwfxJwrs d K ;
juD;awmh_zpfonf?
zi fE Si f hapmufz kw fud k oe f hpi fo Gm ;atmi faq;ajum_y D ;aemuf
ud koef;[efu aumifrav;ud k tdyfcef;xJod k h _yefac:oGif;oGm;onf?
r dr dwmonf bmr#ra_ym? oHywfay;xm;c H7aompuf@ ky fw@ ky fv d k
v d ku fy goGm ;onf? olr>yaxG;ud koe f ;[e fuawmh {nf hce f ;xJwGi f
bD<mwbl;| tmvl;ajumfwxkyfESi f h tem;<laeonf? udkoef;[efu
udkrd kufu<fudk tomrsufaphrSdwf_yvdkuf7m udkrd kufu<fu vufraxmifI
_yonf? pdwfvS Ky f@ Sm;7i fz d kaeavaomrdr dwmuawmh a<mus fm;juD;
ESp fa<muf> xdktrlt7mrsm;ud k r_rifrday?
tdyfcef;xJod k ha7mufaomtcgwGif ud kr d kufu<fonf rdrdwm>
7ifvsm;xm;aomxrDud k qG JcÈwfypfum cHwifay:wGifyufvufttdyf
cd ki f ;onf? _yD;awmh aumifrav;>0wfvpfpvpftvSrsm;ud k rsufaph
t7omcHumjunfh7if; olhud k<fay:rSt0wfrsm;ud k cÈwfonf? tcsde f
321
wem7DtwGif; tyDzd kuf7rnfrd k h odyfawmhtcs de frqG Jyg? t0wfawGcÈwf_yD;
ud k<fwH k ;vH k ; _zpfonfESi f h ud kr k dufu<fonf cHwifay:od k hvSrf;wufvm
onf? rdr dwm> rd k hxGm;aomEd k ht H k juD;rsm;ud k pwifud ki fwG<fonf?
_zLEkaomEdk htH kom;rsm;ay:wGif xifaeaomvufacsmif;7mt!kdtrnf;rsm;udk
owd_yKrdonf? ud koef;[ef cyfjurf;jurf;Ed k hqG Jc J h7mrS xifusef7pfaom
vuf7mawG_zpfajumif;ud kvnf; udkrd kufu<fem;vnfonf? udkrd kufu<f
onf r dr dwm>7i fom ;r s m ;u d k cy fomomyi fq ky fIy Gw fay ;onf ?
aumifrav; 7ifzd karmvmonf? Ed k hoD;acgif;awGuawmh csufcsif;yif
aigufueJaumhaxmifwufvmjuonf? ieJom;u xdkaxmifwufvmaom
Ed k hoD;acgi f ;rsm;ud k vuf!S d k ;vufrwd k hE Si f h!Sy fum tomav;zsp fqG Jay;
vd kuf7m rdrdwmwudk<fvH k ; zde f;ueJ@S de f ;ueJ_zpfonf?
rdr dwmrSm aoG;om;ADZuyif 7rufxefav7m| onfvd kxdawG h
E S d K ;qGrS Kc H7v#if csufcsif;r D;y Gi f hoGm;wwfayonf?
Þ td k;- -[if h[if h ß
rdrdwm>ESKwfzsm;rS armoHav;ay:vmonf?
ud kr d ku fu<fu Ed k ho D ;E Sp fc kud k wvSnf hp Duke f ;p d k h ay;vd ku f7m
322
rdrdwm vl;vl;vGef hvGef h _zpfvmonf?
Þ Ed k hp d k hay;wm cHvd k haumif;w<fr[kwfvm; ß
udkrd kufu<fuar;aomtcg rdrdwm acgif;av;ndwf_yvdkufrdonf?
Þ ' Dxufy d kaumif ;atmif ei f hapmufywfud k7ufay;tke f ;r<f?
aygifum;vd kuf- - ß
rdrdwm>aygifwefjuD;ESpfacsmif; csufcsif;yifum;xGufoGm;onf?
txif;om;ay:vmaomapmufz kwfud k ie Jom;u tomuke f ;I@Sm_zi f h
t _ y m ;v d ku fuy fum y s y fue J _ rn f atmi fwc su f 7u fv d ku fon f ?
udkrd kufu<fonf apmufzkwf7ufuÈrf;usifonf? rdef;rrsm;udk pGJaeatmifudk
aumif;aumif;7ufay;wwfonf? udkoef;[ef>[efaqmifum twkvkyfay;
rS KE Si f h bmrSrqd ki f? rdrdwmapmufzkwfxJwGif <m;usdus dvSKyf@ Sm;v#uf
b<fvd kawG _zp fuke fr Se f ;yi f rodawmh? _zLaz G ;aomaygi fvH k ; juD ;awG
vSKyf@ Sm;ukefonf? wifjuD;a_rmufjuGwufonf?
Þ atmifr<fav; udkr d kufu<fjuD;7<f- -[m[m [if h[if h
td ktd k- - ß
323
a7aq;oef hpi fxm;onf h tzkwfav;r Sm E kopfumar $ ;ae7m
ud kr d kufu<ftirf;r7yif 7ufay;p ky fay;avonf? tys d Krppfawmh[k
qd k7aomfvnf; wcgomtvd k ;c Hz l ; _y D ; yguify Gi f humprd k h tys d Kpp fpp f
tzkwfav;ESif h r_cm;em;yg? ud kr d kufu<fhtwGufawmh rufarmp7myif?
apmufywfud k7uf7mwGif aigufawmufaxmifwufaeaomapmufaphud kyg
@ Smzsm;ESi f hxd k ;uvday;av7m aumifrav;rSm wudk<fvH k ;xlylz de f ;@ S de f ;
oGm;avonf? udkr d kufu<fuawmh tyDud kvkyfaeonf?
apmufywfud k _zJonf? ay:vmaomtwGif;om;eDe Dav;rsm;ud k
7ufonf? apmufacgif;aygufxJod k h @Smud kxd k ;oGif;um vSnf hywf7ufay;
onf? rdrdwmc_rmrSmawmh wGef hvde faumhys Hwufaeavonf?
Þ tm;- -aumi f ;v d ku fwm- -aumi f ;v d ku fwm@ Si f h- -
trav;av;- -tdktd k- - ß
ud kr d kufu<fonf rdr dwm>zifqH kjuD;ud k vuf_zif hud ki fonf?
zspf!Spfonf? zifom;juD;udkyGwf7if; zifaygufav;udk rodromvufacsmif;
xdy f _zi f h vSr f ;IvSr f ;Ixd k ;uvday;avao;onf? rdr dwm wGe f hueJ
wGef hueJ_zpfonf? zif0vnf; <m;vmovdkvd kc Hpm;7onf?
324
Þ b<fvd kvJ- -apmufzkwf7ufay;wm rd kufw<fr[kwfvm; ß
ig;rdepfomomcefh tzkwf7ufay;_yD;aemuf udkrd kufu<fu rdrdwm
aygifjum;rSrsufESmcGmI ar;onf?
Þ aumif;w<f- -odyfaumif;wmyJ? usr_zif h wudk<fvH k ;
wkef7ifxlylukefwmyJ ß
Þ 'gqd k ig hvD;pkyfay;? wvSnfhp Dayg h ß
ud kr d kufu<ftzkwf7ufay;rS Kajumif h t_ywfzDvifwuft7om
awGhaeavolrdrdwmrSm ESpfcgyifra_ym7? udkoef;[ef>vD;ud k pkyfay;cJ h
zl;aomajumifh vD;pkyf7onfht7omudkvnf; odaeonf? aumifrav;onf
yufvufvSeftdyfae7mrSxum udkrd kufu<f>vD;juD;ud k yg;pyf_zif hukef;I
pky fay;avawmhonf?
ud kr d kufu<fonf cHwiftv<favmufwGif a_cqif;umxdki fae
onf? xdkajumif h vD;pkyf7aomrdrdwmonf pif;xm;aomudkr d kufu<f>
a_cESpfc kjum;wGif0ifum 'l;wkwfIukef;v#uf vD;pkyf7avonf?
325
Þ ig hvD;'pfud k @Smav;eJ h7uf- -[kwf_yD? vD;ud k yg;pyfe J hi H k |
E S Kwfcr f ;om;av;e J hz d _y D ; acgi f ;ud k juGvd kufe dr f hv d kufvky fay;- -tm;
aumif;w<fuGm? tyDt_yifyJ- - ß
on faumi f rav; v D ; p k y f ru Èr f ; ao ;r S e f ;o d aoma jumi f h
ud kr d kufu<fu vD;pkyfay;7rnfhenf;vrf;rsm;ud k a_ymqd k!$efjum;oif_y
ay;onf? ̂ Smxefaeav_yD_zpfaom rdrdwmuvnf; ud kr d kufu<fapcd ki f ;
or# tukefvd kufemvkyfay;onf? onfawmh vD;pkyfcHaeaomudkrd kufu<f
twGuf t7om@S d _y D;7if;@ S daeonf?
ud kr d kufu<fonf vD;pkyfay;rS Kud kZ dr f<l7if; rdrdwm>zifqH kjuD;
ud kvnf; cyfomomvSrf;Iykwfay;onf? vD;pkyfoH w_yGwf_yGwfwysyfysyf
E Si f htwl zi fy kw fay ;o Huvnf ; pnf ;c su fn Dp G may:x Gu faeonf?
ud kr d kufu<fonf ziftuG J jum;ud kvnf; @SmjuD;E Si f hxd k ;7ufvd kuf7m
r dr dwmtzd k h <m;us dus dz de f ;wde f ;wde f ;E Si f h wrlxl; _cm;aomt7omud k
arhrl;atmifcHpm;7avonf? udkr d kufu<fonf ptd kud k7ufay; xdk;uvd
ay;7if; apmufzkwfjuD;ud kvnf; ES d Kufonf? Ed k htH krsm;ud kyg vSrf;qG J
z sp f!Sp fvd kufao;onf? r dr dwmr Sm b<fvd k _zp faer Se f ;yi frodawmh?
w[if h[if hwtif;tif;a7@Gwfnnf;wGm;7if; ud kr d kufu<f>zifuvday;
rS Kud k cHae7avonf?
326
r d r dwmu d k ju G @ Gum | zi f<m ; atmi fv k y f a y ; _ y D ; a e mu f
ud kr d kufu<fu zifjum;rStomcGmvd kuf_yD;- -
Þ eif hud k igvd k ;awmhr<f rdwm- - ß
Þ vdk;yg@Si f h- -vd k;yg ß
t7rf;pdwfxaeavaom rdrdwmuvnf; udkrd kufu<f>tar;ESif h
vd kufzufnDpGm _yefa_zrd@Smonf?
Þ apmufywfud kom r[kwfbl;? zifud kyg csrSmaemf ß
Þ csyg@Sih f- -csyg- -judKufovdk csyg- -[if h[if h ß
ud kr d kufu<f> yd ki fE d li fxdr dp GmE S d K ;qGxm;r S Kajumif h rdr dwmrSm
b<fvd kr S _iif;qefEd li ftm;r@S d?
Þ t7ifqH k ; tzkwfud kcsr<f? _yD;7if zifxJa_ymif;xJ hr<f- - ß
a_yma_ymqd kqd k ud kr d ku fu<fonf uke f ;ay;xm;Iaemufod k h
327
_yL;xGufaeaom apmufywfjuD;wGif vD;awhaxmufonf? um;tdaom
zifom;juD;rsm;ud k vufESp fbuf_zif htomqkyfud ki f7i f ; vD;'pfjuD;ud k
apmufywfxJzdxd k ;oGi f ;vd kufonf?
Þ Aspfbkbk- - ß
Þ tm;uÈwfuÈwf- -_znf;_znf; ud kr d kufu<fjuD;7<f [if h ß
rdrdwmrSm tysdKav;_zpfonfht_yif apmapmav;uwif udkoef;[ef
t_ywfvd k ;xm;_yD;umprd k h olr>apmufywfrSm usOf;onfht_yif usde f;pyf
Ivnf;aeonf? vD;'p fwd k ;0i fvmaomtcg atmif hIemaomajumif h
nnf;wGm;rd@ Smonf? vD;'pfjuD;uawmh apmufywfxJ_rKyf0ifoGm;onf?
Þ pdwfcs- -w7pfcsi f ; _znf;_znf;oGi f ;ay;r<f? eifemayr<f h
t7omaumif;aumif;awG h7apr<f ß
udkrd kufu<fu tmrcHcsuf7J7JjuD;ay;vdkuf_yD; ajumifvdefoGif;enf;
_zif h cg;ud ka0S h<rf;wGef hvdefv#uf vD;ud kvSnf hIvSnf hI _znf;_znf;csif;
oGif;onf? vD;onf apmufacgif;xJod k h wpfIwpfI0ifonf? vD;w0uf
avmufxd k ;oGi f ; _y D ;aemuf ud kr d kufu<fonf rdr dwm>udk<fay:tom
328
udkif;csum Ed k htH krsm;ud k cyfwif;wif;qG Jud ki f!Spfe<fay;onf? Ed k hoD;acgif;
rsm;ud kawmh cyfjurf;jurf;qdwfay;onf? rdr dwm>pdwfawGy d kxum
zifjuD;aumhwufvmonf?
'gud kapmi f haeaomud kr d kufu<fu rdr dwmzi faumhtwufwGi f
E d k ht H kE Sp fc kud k! Sp fqG J _y D ; aqmi f ho Gi f ;vd ku f7m use faeaomvD;tyd ki f ;
apmufywfxJtqH k ;0ifonf?
Þ tm;yg;yg;- -udkr d kufu<fjuD;7<f tm; tD;tm; ß
Þ vD;tqHk;0ifoGm;_yD? b<fvd kaevJ ß
Þ aumif;w<f@Sif? odyfaumif;wmyJ- -aqmif hav- - ß
atmi f h _y D ;emaom fvnf ; vD ;t7omu xdr dv Saomajumi f h
r dr dwmu aqmi f htvd k ;c d k i f ;onf? aumi frav;c HE d li f _y D _zp fajumi f ;
odonf htwGuf ud kr d kufu<fuvnf; cyf_yif ; _yif ;yifaqmif hvd k ;onf?
Ed k hud kvSrf;qG Jum zdvd k ;ae7mrS ud k<fud k _yefrwfonf? aumifrav;>
zifom;juD ;r sm;ud kud ki fy Gwf7i f ; aqmif hvd k ;onf? zi fom;juD ;r sm;ud k
qG JIvnf; _z Jvd kufavao;onf? zi fjum;r Sptd k0ud k _z J junf honf?
329
rdrdwm>ptdkaygufav;u plplyH k hy H k hav;? udkr d kufu<fonf vufrud k
wHawG;qGwfum rdrdwm>zifaygufud k zdyGwfonf? xd kaemuf tom
zdxd k ;csvd kuf7m vufronf ptd kxJav#mqd k0ifonf?
Þ td k;- -b<fvd kvkyfwmvJ @Sih f ß
Þ ei f h zi f ay gu fu d k c s J h ay ;wmav? vufre J h c s J h ay ; _y D ;7i f
vD;xd k;oGif;7r<f ß
Þ [m- -udkr d kufu<fjuD;uvJuGm- - ß
Þ eifyJ zifvnf;tvdk;cHr<fqd k- - ß
rdr dwm bmr#ra_ymawmh? zifud kr l yd kIaumhwGe f ;ay;onf?
ud kr d kufu<fonf apmufywfxJvD;ud k tm;_yi f ; _yi f ;aqmif hoGi f ;7i f ;
r dr dwm>zifaygufxJod k hvnf; vufrxd k ;xnf hvd kuf | _ye fxkwfvd kuf
vky fonf? rdr dwmrSm vD;e Si f haqmif hvd k ;aeaom apmufywfuvnf;
t7om@ S don f ht _yi f vufrE Si f hx d k ;uvdaeaomzi fay gu fuvnf ;
<m;us dus d _zpfIvmonf?
330
Þ uJ- -eih fzi faygufxJ ig hvD ;juD ;a_ymi f ; _y D ;xd k ;oGi f ;awmh
r<f- - ß
ud kr d kufu<fu a_ymqd kaju_im_y D ; zifaygufud kuvdaeaom
vufrud k qG Jx kw fv d ku fonf ? xd k en f ;w lv D ;ac smi f ; ju D ;u d kvnf ;
apmufywfxJrSxkwfonf? zifxJrS vufruÈwfxGufoGm;oH _yGwfqd k
_rnfonf? zif0onf [_yJ_yJav;_zpfIusefcJ honf? tzkwfxJrSvD;uÈwf
xGufoGm;oHuawmh bGy fqd k _rnfonf? tzkwftmwmwmav;_zpfae
cJ honf?
Þ ei f h zi fx J v D ;px d k ;o Gi f ;w J htc gr S mawm h emv dr f h r< f ?
atmif h _y D;c H [kwfvm; ß
ud kr d kufu<fu rdrdvd k ;awmhrnfh rdrdwm>ptdk0wGif wHawG;rsm;
axG;cs7if; a_ymonf? xd kaemuf wHawG;qGwfxm;_yD;aomptd k0wGif
vD;wefjuD;udk awhaxmufvdkufonf? vD;acsmif;rnf;rnf;eufeufjuD;wGif
rdrdwm>apmuf7nfjunfawG t_ywfpd k@ $ Jae7m qDawGususeeokwfvdrf;
xm;ovdk acsmusdaeonf?
zi fy l ;awmif ;axmifum uke f ;ay;xm;7aomrdr dwmrSm rdr d>
331
zifaygufxJ vD;acsmif;juD;xd k;oGif;vmrnfhtcs de fud k 7ifwzd kz d kE Sih fapmif hae
onf? zifcscH7rSm ajumufonf? wcsde fwnf;rSmvd kyif zifcscHjunfh
c si fonf hqE Nr sm ;uvnf; t7r f ;ud kxe f _yi f ;aeonf? emr Smuawmh
aocsmonf? em7usd K;eyfatmif aumif;yg hrvm;| t7om@S dyg hrvm;[k
awG;onf?
zif0wGif t7ifqH k; wHawG;tqGwfcH7onf? at;aw;aw;ESif h
<m;usdus djuD;_zpfoGm;onf? aemufel;nH haomfvnf; rmawmifaeaom
vD;'pfxdyfz l;juD; awhaxmufvmonf? xdkvD;xdyfz l;juD;onf w_znf;
_znf;E Si h fz dIz dIxd k ;vmonf? zif0wpfqd k hqd k h _zp foGm;onf? _y D ;awm
ppfueJemonf? rdrdwmonf tHav;wif;wif;judwfum emjuifrS Kud k
atmif hc Honf?
Þ _yGyf yvGyfbk- - ß
toHrwdk;rus<fay:onf? vD;'pfjuD; zifaygufxJwdk;0ifvmonf?
zifxJod k h vD;'p fjuD;xd k ;oGi f ;vmaomtcgwGi fawmh rdr dwmatmif hrc H
E d li fawmh? wud k<fvH k ;qwfqwfwke fum yg;py fuvnf; atmf[pf
nnf;vd kufr donf?
332
Þ tm;- -emw<f- -emw<f? aoyg_yD@Si f h- - ß
emvSaomajumif h rdrdwm twif;yif@kef;uefrdonf? udkrd kufu<f
onf zifcsonfhtawGhtjuHK7if hae7m zifpvd k;c Haomrdef;rrsm; onfvd k
@ ke f ;uefxGufwwfrSe f; odonf? 'gajumif h 'pfÕrKyfoGif;vd kufonfhtcs de f
r Smyif rdrdwm>wifyg;usifusifav;ud k od ki f;zufum tyd ki fxdef;xm;
vd kuf7m rdrdwm@ke f;vd k hr7? udkr d kufu<fu cg;tm;ESi f ha_caxmuftm;yg
toHk;cs_yD; wtm;aqmif hoGif;csvd kuf7m juD;rm;wkwfcd ki fvSaomvD;acsmif;
juD;onf zifacgif;aygufav;xJod k h tqHk;wd ki fatmifyif 0ifoGm;onf?
vD;'^fu _yif;vSonf? emvd kufwm ra_ymygESi f hawmh? rdr dwmrSm
'l;auG;!$wfusoGm;7m udkr d kufu<fu qGJud ki fxdef;xm;vd kuf7onf?
ud kr d kufu<fonf 0ifoGm;aomvD;ud kt_idrfrxm;? zifrnf;a_ymif
juD;wvSKyfvSKyf_zif h aqmif hIaqmif hIvd k;aeonf? rjumyg? rdrdwm
zifZ dr fawG hvmonf? wtm;atmf[pfnnf;7if ; cg;aumhzi faxmifum
tvdk;c Honf? txmusoGm;_yDr d k h ud kr d kufu<fonf rdrdwm>zifaygufud k
wvSnf h | apmufywfud kwvSnf h ta_ymif;tvJ_yKum ususeevd k;ypf
vd kufavawmhonf?
_y D ;yg _y D?