. ., . . 37 / . -: , 2001. 320 . - . . , , - . ISBN 5-222-02083-5 32.973 I. , II. IBM- ( ) III. , , - IV. , 1. MS-DOS -5.0, -6.22, -7.0 2. Windows 9x 3. Windows 2000, NT 4.0 V. , 1. ( ) 2. 3. 4. , 5. , 6. 7. 8. CD-ROM VI. , , 20- , 5 , . , , : IBM PC , . . 20, 1998 ., ; 37 , . . 20, 1999 ., ; , . . 34, 2000 ., -. - , . , 80- , 90- (, , . .), / , . : - ; - , , , ; , CD-ROM, ; - ; , , ; , ; , (, , ); , , . , ; - , , CD-ROM, ; , , ; -. - . . , -, , , , . , , , , -. , , . , . , . , ! , , , . , , . , . , 7 ( ) , , : 1. . 2. ( ) . 3. . 4. , , . 5. (). 6. - . 7. . 7++ , - 8-. , ( Pentium 166- 200-) . Pentium 166 (. . 166-) . , , . , , , , . ! . 6- 7- . , : , , , 1. (POST) ESC, ENTER, . 2. ) , ; ) () ; ) . 1. , : 1. , (LCD) ( ). 2. . 3. . 4. SETUP. () : 1. , ( ). 2. , . 3. . : 1. , . 2. , , , . 3. . 4. : ( , ) (CPU VRM); , ; , ; () ; , VRM, ; , () ; , , (HDD), (CPU) / (I/O); . 5. . 6. , 7. , . , , . , , , . 2. - SETUP , , . 3. (POST Power On Self-Test) (Power On Self-Test POST) - , - . . ( BIOS , ). , (. . ) : * F1, ; * F2, SETUP . - , , ; * F4, , .. SETUP ;* ENTER, ; F4, F2 F1 (. ), , , . , . 4. (CMOS) (POST) , . : 1. , , . , : ( , ) ; ; ( , ); , . , . , , , . 2. . 3. . . . . : CMOS checking is invalid ( ) Default values will be loaded ( ) Press any key to continue ( ) 4. ( F2 F7) SETUP. , , . 5. - , SETUP, , SETUP. 5. 1. , , . : , . . ; , (suspend) , , ; () 4 . , . (hard) 1. , - , , . . , , , , : , ( switch on); , ; , ; ; ( ) . , ; , , , ; (POST), Windows , , , . VGA ( ), , . (, ), . 2. , . , (). , , , (Keyboard locked). , . . 3. , . , . , , . 4. (printer) , Centronix (). , TEST ( ). , . Windows. , , , , : , ( switch on); , ; , ; ; . , ; , ( ), , ; (POST), Windows , , , . 5. , . , . , SETUP, ( Flexible DiskDrive). , SETUP, ( Flexible DiskDrive) enable. , SETUP (security Hardware Protection). / ( ). 6. , . , SETUP. , BIOS SETUP, , , . : , ; , . , , . 7. CD-ROM - , , -. , - CD-ROM, - , ( ), CD-ROM ( ), ( IDE) ( ). : ; ; CD-ROM.: , ( , , CD-ROM ), - - (UPGRADE). . - . Setup, . AWARD BIOS : AWARD_SW, TTPTHA, HLT, lkwpeter, KDD, ZBAAACA, J322, ZAAADA, Syxz, , Wodj, , ZJAAADC, 01322222, J256, ? award. . AWARD BIOS ( 4.51) . / BIOS. AMI BIOS . : , AMI. SETUP . AMI BIOS INS CMOS- . CMOS ( ) . CMOS- ( 4 , 2-3, 1-2 3-4; 3 2 ). - CMOS-, . , DALLAS ( CMOS) . , CMOS- , . , CMOS RAM . () , , . : 1. (Power Surges) , , 2. (high voltage Spikes) , . 3. (Power Sags) , , . 4. (Electrical Zine Noise) , , , , . 5. (Frequency Variations) , , . 6. (Browmout) . 7. (Power Failure) , . , . , - . . , , . , , , (), , , . , , . , . , ( ) , . , , , , . 1. , . 2. . 3. , . 4. , . 5. / , CRC (Cyclical Redundancy Check ) . 6. () (FAT), . 7. , . . DOS FORMAT . - , ( ) , . II. , , . . , , : Pentium/133, RAM 8 Mb EDO, 256 Kb PB cache, HDD 2,5 Gb SCSI-W, FDD 3,5", CD-ROM 8x SCSI, SVGA card DiamondStealth 2000 3D 2Mb PCI, SVGA 15" Sony 15SF-II, 0,28 L/R, Sound Blaster, faxmodem 14,4 Kbod, Enternet card GE 2500+PCI, 2S/1P, Keyboard 101, mouse Microsoft, minitower. : Pentium/133 , 133 ; RAM 8Mb EDO , 8 ; 256 Kb PB cache - 256 ; HDD 2,5 , SCSI-W; FDD 3,5" - 3,5"; CD-ROM 8-x SCSI CD-ROM, , SCSI; SVGA card DiamondStealth 2000 3D 2 Mb PCI 2 PCI; SVGA 15" Sony 15SF-II 0,28 L/R SVGA Sony 15", 0,28 , ; Sound Blaster ; faxmodem 14,4 Kbod 14,4 ; Enternet card GE 2500+PCI , PCI; 2S/ IP 2 1 ; Keyboard 101 101 ; mouse Microsoft Microsoft; minitower . . , . , , . : , , - . , . , - , . , . . ( 220 ) -, . . , . ? RESET . : ALT CTRL DEL. , () (Mother board ) , . () , . ( ) . , , . . 30 000 , 3 . , , . , , 3 , , . , -. -, . -, -: , , , . -, ( ), - , . . , . , , . . . , , ? , : IDE SCSI. . SCSI IDE- . IDE, SCSI SCSI-. SCSI- SCSI , IDE () . IDE IDE-. , . , . , . , , , , . , , , , . . , - , . ... , . () ( 2-4 ) , , ( ), ; . ( 0,1-1%). , . POST ( BIOS) : 1. . 2. 1 1 23 . 3. 1 1 . 4. 1 ( ) . 5. 3 . 6. 9 BIOS .. , . . 1. . , , . , , . , , , - (). . , . . 2. . , , , . . 3. , SETUP. . SETUP , CMOS . - - , . CMOS-, , . , SETUP. 4. . () , , . , ( : , ; , , ), . , , . 5. (). , , , -. . . , , , . , , . , . , . , 1. : ( , ): 1. . 2. . 3. . 4. ( ). 5. (), . 6. . 7. . 8. . 2. (, ): 1. , (/slots). 2. (/ sokets). 3. . 4. . 3. : ( , - ): 1. . 2 . ( ). 3 . . - , 1. /Hard disk . 2. (RAM) . 3. CMOS- , CMOS-. 4. BIOS POST ()) , - . - , 1. , . 2. - , , . 3. , , . . ... , - , , , , , . : , ! : , , ! , . 1. : , , , , . 2. : , ( ) , (). 3. : (VGA,SVGA), , . , , , . IBM- ( ) /Unit supply 6 . . : 1 1 2 3 -5 4 +5 5 +5 6 +5 2 1 2 3 +12 4 -12 5 6 , ; . 3 1 +12 2 3 4 +5 ( 25%), Power good . , , , - , . , , . /adapters , , ( ). , , () , , , . /floppy and hard disk , . , . , . (), . , , , ( /). , , , . / (printer) , : :\> :\> copy con Lptl, ENTER , : Testing of printer... ENTER ( , ) qwertyuiop ENTER asdfghjkl ENTER zxcvbnm ENTER Ctl-Z ENTER . , , Lptl Lpt2. , , -. Norton Commander , F5 (), Lptl Lpt2 ENTER. , - . /serial port (, , ) , . . (serial) (, (parallel) , ). 9- 25-. 9- 25- . 4 9-. 25-. 1 8 DCD 2 3 RX 3 2 4 20 DTR 5 7 SG 6 6 DSR 7 4 RTS 8 5 CTS 9 22 RI , , (, , ), ( ) . , (UART) . : . III. , , - - /. , ,, . . , . -, . , COM2 ( 2) / 02F8 02FF ( ). 2F8 , / , COM2, , . LPT1 378. , , . , - BIOS, POST, SETUP CMOS-. BIOS / (base input/output system) BIOS ( ) , . BIOS , , , , , . , BIOS - , () - , . , . , (, ) BIOS . . , (100 ). , BIOS, 378 ( , ). , BIOS 378 / . , , , . POST (Power On Self-Test POST) POST , BIOS. POST (Power On Self-Test) . , ( ). , . ( Codes) . 5. , , BIOS , - , , . , BIOS , , 3- , 5- . , CMOS (CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor -). CMOS- (CMOS-), 146818. (64 ) : 14 , . 146818 , , 3,6 . , . , CMOS, BIOS . SETUP. SETUP () BIOS, , SETUP, CMOS-. , CMOS, . , 3,6 . 13 , , - BIOS ( , ) . 5. ( Codes) /Error Message / Description / Beeps 1 / Refresh Failure 2 / Parity Error 3 / Base 64 KB Memory Failure 64 Kb 4 He / Timer Not Operational 64 Kb 1 5 / Processor Error , 6 20/8042/ . Gate A20 Failure BIOS 7 / Processor Exception Interrupt Error - 8 / / Display Memory Read/Write , . Error 9 / ROM Checksum Error , BIOS 10 / CMOS- -/ CMOS Shutdown Register Rd/Wrt Error 11 -/ - Cache Error/External Cache Bad SETUP SETUP , ( ) : - ; -F2; - CTL-ALT-ESC; - CTL-ALT-S; -ESC. , SETUP ( ) POST. (Power On Self-Test POST) - , - . . . BIOS , : F1, ; F2, , SETUP . - , ; F4 , . . SETUP ; ENTER, . F4 , F2 F1 (. ), , , . ? , 8048-8050 INTEL, , : 1. POR Power on Reset . 2. Basic Assurance Test . , , . RESET. : ENTER, DEL, SHIFT, CONTROL, ALT, F1F10; ; ; ; - . CD-ROM/compact-disk read-only memory (- ) : . CD-ROM - . 120 , 1,2 . 12 (clamping area). (load in area), ( Table of Content). 33 , , . (lead out) 1 . 3 , . 1 99 , , - . . CD-ROM , , . , , , . , , . - , (channel bits). . , , . CD-ROM CD-ROM- - . : . . . CD-ROM . CD-ROM- , . . , , () . . , . , . , . . . CD-ROM- . , . 4- 2- CD-ROM- DOS. . , . CD-ROM-. . . , , , , CD-ROM - , 1-2 . . . , ( ) ( ). CD-ROM- . . : CD-R , , , , , , , . , . . , CD-ROM , , - , , - CD-ROM-, . CD-ROM- CD-ROM. AUTOEXEC.BAT, CD-ROM MSCDEX.EXE. : c:\DOS\MSCDEX /D:CDROM /M:12 /L:G /E . . DOS, CDROM, G. : CDROM . , , . CD-ROM ( CD-ROM EIDE ) Master. CD-ROM, , CD-i Compatible. , , , - : MM SYSTEM001 External Error, CD-ROM. CD-i . SCSI- SCSI , CD-ROM. SCSI-, ID , . 7, SCSI-. , , SCSI-. - SCSI- SCSI- ADAPTEC, 1542 (ISA), AHA2742 (EISA), AHA2842 (VESA), 2940 (PCI). . , , . CD-ROM ( ADAPTEC ASPIDISK.SYS ASPICD.SYS ). CDROM, , AUTOEXEC.BAT MSCDEX.EXE, DOS. CD-R, CD-ROM, CD-ROM , . . . phaze change. CD-E (Erasable). CD-R (Orange Book) CD-ROM. / CD-R CD-ROM. , CD-E CD-ROM, , . WinCheckit CD-ROM . , 16- ISA, , MPU-401, . IRQ ( ), DMA ( ). SoundBlaster - 220h. , - , 210h 260h. MPU-401 MIDI, 330h. SoundBlaster MIDI IRQ5. , MIDI CD-ROM AT IRQ (, IRQ 11 IRQ 12). IDE- IRQ15. EIDE IDE-, , IRQ 15 . CD-ROM EIDE, IDE. DMA , , . DMA1 SoundBlaster . DMA5 16- , . Windows 9x, IRQ, DMA /, . (Control Panel/System/Device Manager). , / , . : 1. . 2. .3. . , . . , - . ( ). - . , SCSI, , PostScript . , , . . : 1. . : , , , , . 2. . : SETUP , . 3. . : , , .4. . : , . 5. . : - , - -, , Sound Blaster. 6. . : , , , , Turbo. , Plug-and-Play ( Windows 9x). Windows NT , , . . , , . , . , , 220 5. CONFIG.SYS : SET BLASTER=A220 15 Dl 7, ( 387). CONFIG.SYS AUTOEXEC.BAT , . Windows Control Panel . , . : CONFIG.SYS , - . DEVICE=C:\DOS\EMM386.EXE DEVICE=C:\ DOS\SETVER.EXE DOS=HIGH,UMB FILES=50 BUFFERS=10 COUNTRY=007,,C:\DOS\COUNTRY.SYS FCBS=4,4 BREAK=OFF STACKS=9,256 LASTDRIVE=z SHELL=C:\COMMAND.COM C:\ /E:512 /p DEVICEHIGH=C:\DOS\MOUSE.SYS DEVICEHIGH=C:\IPDELUXE\GSCAN.SYS /T=GSC105 /D=5 /1=10 DEVICEHIGH=C:\TOOLS\ SLCD.SYS /B:340 /D:MSCD000 DEVICEHIGH=C:\AUDIO\MVSOUND.SYS D:3 Q:7 . ( ) ( ) . 11,025 , 22,05 44,1 . 22,05 , 8. 16- 44,1 . 16- . . . , . . 11 . Yamaha 11- YM3812 20 YMF 262. , CD-ROM . . . 5 8- 10,6 16- . . ( MIDI, SoundBlaster .), . . (Frequency Modulation), -, (Wavetable, WT). , . MIDI- (Musical Instruments Digital Interface). , , MIDI. /modem, , , -. - . -. , . . 2 RJ11. Line (), Wall (). . , Phone (), . ( ), , . . . , , V.24, RS-232, RS-422, V.35 . , , . (1-4) . , COM2 COM4 IRQ3, 1 COM3 IRQ4. , - , . , SYSINFO.EXE NU (Norton Utility) /Computer Properties ( -> -> (Device Manager)). , . , : ; ; , ; () ; , ; ; . , . , Windows 9x, , . , . , . , PCMCIA, ( PCMCIA). , . , . , . . Windows 9x. , , Windows 9x , , Windows 3.1, () . , , : 1. COMM.DRV SERIAL.VXD System - Windows 9x. 2. System.ini: [boot] Comm.drv=Comm.drv [386enh] device=*vcd 3. Windows 9x, ( ). 4. Windows 9x. SERIAL.VXD System.ini. Windows , . *vcd System.ini, VMM32.VXD. . 1. . 2. , . . 3. , . 4. , , Hayes, , , . , . , , : 1. . 2. . 3. , . , I/O IRQ, : 1. . 2. , LPT. 3. , . 4. . . 5. , . 6. , . COM3 , ( ). 01 COM3 IRQ . COM2 COM4. , , IRQ COM3 COM4 , . , COM4. , . : 1. , . 2. , , , . 3. - . 16- Windows . 3. UART. , : 1. . 2. . 3. . , . 5. ( ) . , , , , . 80486 Pentium(TM), . , , : 1. .2. . 3. . 4. , . , -. , AT&F , (Factory Settings). . , , . , , , , . . : ; . : ; , , , ; ; Escape- ( ). - : ; ; . : ; ; ; , ; - . , . ; , . . . - . +5 , , . . - - . 25 , . ( ), . , , . . . , . . , , . 20-40 , . , , . : - . , , . . . , . 5 . 8 . , 0,1 , . . /network, /server, /client ( ) , ( ). . . , . , . : , 10 15 , , , Pentium 100 Intel, 16 , 1,6 , 3,5" , 1 . Big-tower. , 30 , : - 512 , CPU Pentium 166 Intel, 32 , 1 + 1 SCSI2, 3,5" , 1 . (Big-tower) . , ( ) . /Host . , . , , . . , , , .. . , , . Arcnet, Ethernet Token-Ring. . Ethernet. Ethernet , , . 20- . Ethernet 70 Xerox, . 80- CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access With Collision Detection), . 10 /. 1985 IEEE 802.3. CSMA/CD , . , , . - , , , . . (), , . , 100 /. . Ethernet . (). (), , . . . . , . . , . Ethernet , . , . , , . , . , - , , , . : ; ; , , ; ; , . ; - , ; , - , . 3, -. , Windows 95, . : 10Base-2, 10 Base ( 10 Base-5). Boot ROM Adress. -" , . . - , , , . , , . . , . . : - , , IRQ 9, 10, 11, 12 15; IRQ-5 (LPT2) ; SCSI- IRQ 10, 11, 12, 15. , ; 300 360 . - ( 300 320). : ! 360 ; , CONFIG.SYS . () CONFIG.SYS ; , ( , CD-ROM . .) IRQ-5 300; . , . , , ( ). /scaner, IBM PC, . SCSI, (!) . : ; ; ; ; ; (). 1. , : 600 . 600 , , 600 600 , 360 000 . 2. . , .. 1 , 8 256 , 12 4096 . 3. , , , . () , 2,42,5, 4,0. . 4. . , , . . , . 5. . . . 6. () -. . : ; () ; , , ; ( ). () , . DOS-6.22 ( ), Windows 3.11, 95, 98, Windows-NT, OS/2, Unix, Novell-DOS. ? : ; , , , , ; . , , , (Utilites ), () () . : ? -, . , MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operation System) Windows Windows-. , , Novell-DOS, - MS-DOS, Novell- , . OS/2 OS/2 WARP, . MS-DOS, Windows 3.x, Windows 95, 98, NT, OS/2. Novell- DOS, Unix . DOS ( Windows XXX) -, , . DOS ( ) . , DOS. , MS-DOS ( -), , . MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operation System) : 1. / (BIOS) (ROM-BIOS), 2. (Boot Record ) ( ) , . . . 3. / (IO.COM IO.SYS) ( , ). 4. (D0S.COM MSDOS.SYS) ( ). 5. (C0MMAND.COM) ( ). 6. DOS ( ) (), : , , , . . , DOS 2, 3, 4 5 : ( ) , . BIOS ( ROM Read-OnlyMemory) . BIOS (2, 3, 4 5) DOS. (CMOS), , , BIOS DOS. , BIOS, CMOS- . . , () (AUTOEXEC.BAT CONFIG.SYS), . ( RAM Random Acsess Memory ). - () , . . , CD-ROM, . . , , CD-ROM. CD-ROM, . . (, bak) . Norton Commander . , . , , 6. 6 IR DM Q A 0 1 2 23 8259/ 3 2F8 COM2 H 4 3F8 1/ (-) H 3F8H 5 1 220 (SoundBlaster) 6 3F0 H 7 3 278 LPT1, 8 9 IRQ2 10 5 11 12 13 14 1F0 15 16H 360 , , , , . , . 10000 100 . 3-6 . , ONE HALF. . ONE HALF 28 , . , . , , DIR : :. . DOS, DIR . , CMOS-, , CMOS- . FLASH-BIOS , . BIOS- WRITE!!!! ? : , , . - 10-15%. ( 30%). ( ) . , ONE HALF. , . ? 90% . . , , . : ; ; ( ) ; , /; ; . . 20 . 100 . . , . , . ? 15 . , , . , : 1. . 2. . 3. . 4. . . , . : PROT (), Dr.Solomo's ToolKit (), AVAST () Norton Antivirus 95, NAV (). AntiViral ToolKit Pro, AVP (). 10 100 . , MS Word MS Excel. . : ( 8000-9000 ); ( 80 % ); ( AidsTest Scan). . , , . 200 . - , . : 80 ; 40 ; 08 ( CRC); 04 ; ; 02 . , , . , / , . ( Error Correction Code) . . . . . . . / . - . () ( ). Checkit ( ) Checkit , - 80- . ( , .) , . , , . Checkit (Checklt's reports) , . , , . : (Configuration) . - . : , , ; DOS BIOS; . (Device Drivers) DOS ( ), . , , , . , , (). ( ) . , . CMOS- (CMOS Table) , CMOS-, . , CMOS-, . CMOS , () . Checkit , . . , .: Checkit , . (DMA Channels) IRQ, DMA . Checkit , . (Hard Disk Benchmark) : (Seek Time) , , / (read/write head) . Track to Track Seek Time. , . , , . , , . (Transfer Speed) , . : Interleave (). , 10 ( , . EIDE, SCSI, ). (Disk Cache). ... . ( , ), , . , , , . 1 ( :) 2 (, , :). (Main System Benchmark) (CPU Speed). (Video Speed). , , , . (Test System Board). (CPU). (Protected Mode). (DMA Controller). ' (Interrupt Controller). (Test Printer). (Test Serial Port). (Test Parallel Port). (Test Floppy Disk). (Test Hard Disk) (Linear Read): , . , , . () (Butterfly Read): , , . . ; .. . (Random Read): , . (Test Video): (Video RAM); (Text Modes); (Graphics Modes). . Checkit: Checkit PRO: Syslnfo, Checkit PRO: Set, Checkit PRO: Deluxe, Checkit PRO: Analyst WinCheckit. WinCheckit , DOS DOS- Windows. WinCheckit . WinCheckit CD-ROM . () . DOS : :> format a:/s : :> sys A: : :> command.com : , , NDD. DOS-, . , DOS. I DOS: . COMMAND.COM ATTRIB.EXE AUTOEXEC.BAT CHKDSK.EXE CONFIG.SYS COUNTRY.SYS DEBUG.EXE EDIT.COM FDISK.EXE F0RMAT.COM KEYB.COM KEYBOARD.SYS SYS.COM MSD.EXE SHARE.EXE SETVER.EXE UNDELETE.EXEUNF0RMAT.COM , : ASCII-, QEDIT EDIT; , Norton Commander, Xtree . .; ; Norton DiskDoctor PC-Tools Diskfix . . . , . . . - . : * CMOS (SETUP) IBM- . , . . * (Partition) ( 0, 0, 1) . , DOS, . DOS. * (Boot record) DOS. DOS , FAT ( ), , .. , CMOS , a Norton Disk Doctor (Recovery). , - . , , Image. DOS, . . , . : 1. Rescue Disk ENTER . . 2. : . 3. ENTER . Rescue Disk . 4. : . Rescue Disk . , , . . , . , ( ), . , , . . , , , ( Norton Disk Doctor ) . (Recover) , . - , ( ). :. , . , (SPACE). , ENTER (Recovery). ESC . : (Partition) FDISK , . (Boot record) SYS (DOS). , DOS. CMOS (CMOS-config) , CMOS. SI (System Information) , : , , , , , . SI, Windows . System Information SYSINFO DOS. , ROM- POST ( ). . , : . DOS, , , , . XMS, , . EMS, , , 640 . , . SI : . - , , . LPT- , . , . . . . (EGA, VGA .), (VGA, , .). , BIOS . . . , ( VGA , ). . , . , . Novell NetWare, Microsoft LAN Manager, Banyan Vines Lantastic. . . , BIOS (DOS , , //). , . / . ( ). , . , . 512 . . , BIOS , . BIOS , , . DOS , Unix, Novell, Windows 9x, Xenix /. DOS, DOS . , . / / BIOS. . , . . . . Syslnfo . , DOS SYSINFO /TSR. . ( ) . / , . DOS, , . , . , , . , . , , DOS, . , . , . , POST (Power-on Self Test) , . (Boot Steps). System Info : BIOS; ; ; . , (CPU). Diagn LCD- ( ) , , .. TSR-/ Terminal-and-Stay-Resident , , ! TSR-. TSR- . TSR- , , . (Terminal-and-Stay-Resident TSR) AUTOEXEC.BAT INSTALL CONFIG.SYS. TSR- DOS , -, . , , ( ). TSR 4 : ( 2 ); , ; DOS, , ; DOS: . - TSR- TSR- , . . . , . TSR: . , . TSR . TSR-. . TSR TSR. ; . -{) . TSR , . . , . , . , TSR. - (LCD), . , LCD , : Error! CPU Socket . Error! Power supply . Error! Power CPU . Error! Board PLL . Error! BIOS - BIOS. Error! No RAM /RAM, . Error! No video . Error! RAM type () /RAM -.Error! Done FAIL, Exit , , . Error! Done Ok, Exit , , . IV. , NDD Norton Disk Doctor ( -) Calibrate Calibrate Norton Utility . , () . , . (partition) . Calibrate MS-DOS. Windows. , . Calibrate . , ESDI, SCSI IDE ( ) . . , Calibrate , , , . , . , , ESDI, SCSI IDE. . , . NDD (Norton Disk Doctor). CMOS CMOS . Norton Diagnostics. . , . :, . Calibrate . Calibrate , () , , . . . Calibrate . , . , , , . , . , , . . . . Calibrate , . Calibrate , ESDI, SCSI IDE, . . Norton Disk Doctor Norton Disk Doctor , , . . , , , . , Disk Doktor. Norton Disk Doctor . , . Disk Doctor : ; ; , ; ' . Norton Disk Doctor, , Disk Doktor. Norton Disk Doctor AUTOEXEC.BAT: NDD /Q (Quick) . Norton Disk Doctor (NDD) . , ( ). , , . : . . , Norton Disk Doktor . Norton Disk Doctor , , . . . , . , , : , , . . Norton Disk Doctor ( , ). , Norton Disk Doctor. : , ( ), , Norton Disk Doctor . , , . Norton Disk Doctor . , - . NDD , , , . Disk Doctor . , , NDD , . NDD : (Boot record). ( (Partition) ). DOS . (FAT). FAT. (Directory). , . , . .. () . . , . ( , , ()). FAT, FAT, . Disk Doctor , , , . ! . , Norton Disk Doctor (Undo). NDDUNDO.DAT . , Norton Disk Doctor . , - ( , ) , Norton Disk Doctor . , , Norton Disk Doctor, . , . NDD , (). , . , . Norton Disk Doctor , . , , Disk Doctor , (tost claster). , , . , . , , : , , . , , . Norton Disk Doctor . DOS, . Norton Disk Doctor . ( ) , . Norton Disk Doctor . , . , Norton Disk Doctor , , . - , . , , . , . , Norton Disk Doctor , . Easy Recovery Pro Easy Recovery Pro Fix-It Utilities ( Tiramisu) : FAT12, FAT16, FAT32, NTFS, Novell, ZIP- JAZ-, SCSI . . Easy Recovery Pro DOS Easy Recovery. . . - Windows, , Easy Recovery, HDD MS-DOS. , , FAT , . , . Easy Recovery Pro , , , ( ). Windows Easy Recovery Pro , , . Easy Recovery Pro , . , . Easy Recovery Pro , Scan Disk. , Easy Recovery Pro , . PowerQuest Lost&Found PowerQuest Lost&Found Easy Recovery Pro . MSDOS, , . PowerQuest Lost&Found , . , NTFS. , , , BIOS , PowerQuest Lost&Found HDD . , ( ) , PowerQuest Lost&Found, PowerQuest Lost&Found . . . . (. . ) . , . (, C++) Password.exe. Autoexec.bat. /Viruses . , , . , . , (, , ). (Fast infector, Slow infector) . - ( , ). , , , , : ( ) , . , , - . , . , , , , , , . . , C0MMAND.COM. , C0MMAND.COM . , C0MMAND.COM. SYS- , SYS-, (Strategy) (Interrupt) ( , ). , , , . , DOS , , , . TSR () DOS (TSR) KEEP (int21h int27h). , , , , . TSR- , DOS, , . : , , . , , . . . , , . , . 1. , -. . 2. , , , . Backup-. , CD-ROM Backup . 3. , . , . . , - . , . 4. , . , (, ). 5. . ( ) ( , , , . .). 6. , , , . . . 7. ( DOS, ). , . . . , , , . , : ; BacKup-, ; Backup- ( ); , Backup-; , . , . , LZEXE, PKLITIE DIET, (ZIP, ARC, ICE, ARJ . .) , ZIP2.EXE. Backup- . , . . , , . , , . , .1. , . 2. , / (MS Word, Excel, Office 97), . . . , , , . . . 3. (DOS, Windows, Windows 9x, Windows NT, Novell NetWare, OS/2, Alpha, Linux . .), , , . 4. . ( : , ). CRC- (: , checksumer, integrity checker). , . () . , , . . . . ADINF DOS- --. CRC- : - (Word Excel) (); He-DOS-; , . , , , ADINF . - -. AIDSTEST AIDSTEST . . AIDSTEST (-, -), He-DOS-. , , : AIDSTEST . - . ADINF. AVP . , . : DOS OS/2; CRC-. - . DrWeb , . ( 3000 ). , . () Windows OS/2. , ADINF, DrWeb . - . ADINF. NAV ( SCAN). . . . , , . - NAV , . - Symantec. SCAN , NAV, . SCAN - , WWW BBS. - McAfee. 1. MS-DOS -5.0, -6.22, -7.0 , ? , . . , , - . : , POST, BIOS, DOS, . DOS . DOS ( CHKDSK). . , Lexocon, Word for DOS, , (DOS). , , , , , : . . , , - . DOS, . , . , ( ). DOS, , . , , , . DOS. CHKDSK (Check Disk) , DOS, . . CHKDSK . . , DOS CHKDSK Norton Disk Doctor CHKDSK ( , , , ). , CHKDSK, , , , . . , , Lexocon,Word for DOS,VenturaPublisher, , (DOS). - , . Aidstest, AntiViralPro, Norton AntiVirus, Doctor Web, ADINF. , : 1. , . 2. . 3. , . 4. . DOS CHKDSK . 5. , . 6. ( , ), . 7. (/) , , - CRC (Cyclical Redundancy Check ) . 8. (FAT), CHKDSK FAT. 9. (), , DOS FORMAT. 10. (), DOS FORMAT . 11. . , , .CHKDSK 1. . 2. DOS DIR (Directory) DOS : Directory Not Processed Past This Point ( ). 3. DOS- ( CHKDSK). , Media Descriptor Byte ( ), FAT . 4. -. DOS SYS DOS , . 5. . , , . 6. DOS Recover. DOS RECOVER . 7. . DIR . 8. . , DOS . : : Seek error ( ) Sector not found ( ). , , .. ( , / ). , , (DLL, OCX . .). . - . Defrag DOS. , : DOS, ; Windows, (Control panel), : CeTb(Network), (File And Print Sharing For Mocrosoft Networks), (properties), LN Announce NO, OK, ENTER, . ( ) . SpeedDisk Defrag. , Norton Cache , . NCACHE2, . , . Aidstest, AntiViral Toolkit Pro, DrWeb327 Norton Anti Virus, , . , , . : Partition Table. DOS / C0MMAND.COM. CONFIG.SYS v . AUTOEXEC.BAT . CMOS- . , , DLL, OVL .DLL, .OVL , , . SmartCan, 100% . UnErase. , , , . UnErase Norton Desktop, Norton Desktop . , Disk Tools . , NDD Calibrate Norton Utilities . . , . Aidstest, Antiviral Pro Kit, Dr.Web, Adlnf Norton AntiVirus, , . , , - , . , FAT FAT FAT Disk Editor. FAT : -, , . Norton Disk Doctor . , . Safe Format (SFORMAT.EXE), UnFormat (UNFORMAT.EXE), - , UnFormat, . Aidstest, Antiviral Pro Kit, Dr.Web, Adlnf Norton AntiVirus , . Image (, AUTOEXEC.BAT), . DIR , , , . CHKDSK . : Norton Disk Doctor , Norton Utilities. Aidstest, Antiviral Toolkit Pro, Dr.Web, Adlnf Norton AntiVirus , . . , , : DOS COPY CON FILE1.FIL . . F6 ENTER. 1-3, 1 FILE1.FIL FILE2.FIL, . . , DiskEdit. , . (DEL *.FIL). , Aidstesl, AntiViral Toolkit Pro, Dr.Web, Adlnf Norton AntiVirus. -/ Unsufficient disk space for system DOS SYS , DOS . DOS format a:/s Disk Tools . , Aidstest, Antiviral Toolkit Pro, Dr. Web, Adlnf Norton AntiVirus. : Seek error ( ) Sector not found ( ) , Disk Tools . , , Calibrate. Norton Utilities . . , . , Aidstest, Antiviral Toolkit Pro, Dr.Web, Adlnf Norton AntiVirus. , - . Non-System disk or disk error ( ) DOS . , : DOS. , Disk Tools . , , . , Aidstest, Antiviral Toolkit Pro, Dr.Web, Adlnf Norton AntiVirus. , - . , TSR , BIOS. Not ready error (reading/writing) DEVICE ( (/) :, D:, :) . DOS , , , , . , , R (). 1. , , . , , . , , , . , , . 2. , , , . : ( ), ( ). , , . , , , . , , . Calibrate . , () . , CD-ROM CD-ROM ? CD-ROM : SCSI/ASPI, IDE/ATAPI, . SCSI , . ASPI : - ASPI-Manager; . CD-ROM SCSI, , ASPI- , a ASPI-Manager SCSI- . IDE/ATAPI ATA (AT Attachment), . ATAPI (Enhanced IDE) CD-ROM. SCSI/ASPI IDA/ATA. IDE/ - CD-ROM , . , IDE- . . CD-ROM - ( CD-ROM). CD-ROM . SpeedStore HardPrep - ( ) HardPrep. ! (ST412 (MFM, RLL()) IDE, EIDE). , . 60% . () HardPrep 1. : : 2. HDTEST INTERLIVE. 3. HardPrep ; Initialize (Reinitialize); "Reinitialize"(); Yes; ; Interlive, ; Reinitialize; 2 Quit(l). 4. Parted (): Create (); BootableDOS; ; Create (); CompatibleDOS; ; , ; ; Quit (); 5. :. 6. Format c:/s ( , , Format, ENTER ( ), Yes. 7. *.* :. 8. Autoexec.bat Config.sys . 9. , , , , , , . , . - Disk Partition Table, , . 4 , . , , , , , , - . 2. WINDOWS 9X Windows Windows 9x : Windows 9x , , , , : Windows 9x , . ( Windows-16, Windows-32) . Windows 9x . Windows 9-32 , Windows 9x. . Windows-32 , . Windows 9x , ALT-CTRL-DEL. . () ALT-CTRL-DEL. : , , . (). . , Reset, . ALT-CTL-DEL, , . Windows-16 . , 16- , . , 16- , Windows 9x , Windows-16 16- , . , , . . Windows 9x Windows 9x, , : 1. . Windows 9x , . , . . SIMM. HIMEM.SYS. ( .) PCI . . , - . . . , MiniTower Baby. MiddleTower Tower. 2. Windows 9x. : , Starting Windows 95(98): F8. (Safe Mode). , : (Control Panel) (System); (Device Manager) : , , , , PCI (PCI Brige) ( , PCI); (Add New Hardware Wizard) , ; ; (Safe Mode), Windows . 3. Windows . . . , (New Hardware Installation Wizard). . , , , SCSI. SCSI, EZ-SCSI SCSI. , . , , Windows. Windows 9x MS-DOS 6.22 MSDOS 7.0, . , MS-DOS 7.0 , Windows 9x . F8. , , -' . , , . 1. ScanDisk, Microsoft Windows 9x, Defrag. 2. , . (Recycle Bin). 3. , ', (Add/Remove Programs) (Control Panel) Windows. 4. - , , . 5. , . 16, 24 32 . 6. , , CTRL+ALT+DEL. 7. . SCSI- Windows. SCSI Windows . , . . Windows SCSI SCSI. Microsoft , - Windows. . Windows 9x , . , . , . , Windows SCSI , . , , , . SCSI SCSI, . , () . , , 7. SCSI- . SCSI- SCSI , . SCSI IDE., SCSI- , , . . SCSI- , . . . , , SCSI Explorer, EZ SCSI 4.O. Windows 9x? 4000 , . . , Windows 2000, NT 4.0. -, - PCMCIA , Windows NT. , , Windows 9x, Windows 2000, NT 4.0. , , Windows 9x, Windows NT. , . , , , . , Windows NT , . , Windows NT (Virtual Device Drivere VxD). , ( , , ), Windows NT. , Windows NT, , . , . , Windows NT , 16 . - ( ) , Windows 9x. . -* Starting Windows 95... ( 95), F8. : Command prompt only ( ), ( ENTER): cd c:\windows , ENTER: attrib -h -r -s system.dat attrib -h -r -s system.daO attrib -h -r -s user.dat attrib -h -r -s user.daO : , , . : copy system.daO system.dat copy system.daO system.dat : attrib +h +r +s system.dat attrib +h +r +s system.daO attrib +h +r +s user.dat attrib +h +r +s user.daO . -, , , Windows 9x , Windows 2000, NT 4.0 Windows 2000, NT 4.0/Windows 9x. Windows 9x Windows 9x/Windows NT FAT16. Windows 9x FAT. Windows NT Windows 9x MS-DOS. Windows 9x , NTFS . Windows NT , FAT32. , 40 , Windows 9x ( Windows 9x ) . Windows 9x 90-100 , 100110 . . Windows 95 . , DFM. DMF Diskcopy , , 1.44/3.5 . , . - . Windows 95 -. . - *.cab, 2 , . , Windows 9x, Windows 9x - . . , : 1. 10 . 2. . 3. , , , . 4. , , Windows 9x . - , 10 ( CTRL-ALTDEL). , SETUP ( ). , , . , . , . , , , , . , , , Windows 9x. , Windows 9x. Windows 9x : ; , C:\Win95; Windows 9x , ( ) . Windows 9x . - , Windows . Windows 9x , . , 60 7090 . ( >60 ) DOS-, . Windows 9x . Microsoft Backup ( ) , . , , Backup. , Windows 9x , Windows 3.x Windows 3.1. Windows 9x , . . Windows 05 4.00.950 . , MS-DOS 5.0 . MS-DOS : F8 Starting Windows 95(98) . Previous Version of MS-DOS. Windows 9x . , . : ver ENTER. Windows 9x , , Windows 9x. Windows 9 Windows 3.x Windows 3.1 Windows 3.x Windows 3.1 , Windows. . MS-DOS Windows , Windows. MS-DOS, . .... , . . Windows 9x : , Plug and Play, ; Plug and Play; Windows; ; ; Windows 9x . Windows 9x , , . : 1. Windows 9x , Starting Windows 95(98), F8. 5. 2. (Safe Mode) . Windows 9x , VGA- : , , . . , . , . , VGA . Windows 9x. -: Config.sys Autoexec.bat / , , ; ; ; , . Windows 9x , . . , . : ; ; ; , ; , , , . Windows, . Windows 9x - Windows 9x - . , - , . - Config.sys. , : Windows (safe mode). , : Bootlog.txt, . Detcrash.log. , . , , Ios.ini , Config.sys. , - . , . VGA. . Autoexec.bat Config.sys, . System.cb, ( ), System.ini. , , - System.ini, (, CorelDraw). - Windows 9x CD-ROM , Windows 9x -, , , . - SCSI, () IDE-. Windows 9x -, ( , Panasonic, Mitsumi Sony). Windows 9x SCSI , , - SCSI. 1. . 2. . 3. SCSI- IDE- . SCSI IDE ,- . 4. SCSI IDE (+) 5. . 6. , : , Original Configuration (). 7. : , . , , SCSI IDE . 8. SCSI- IDE-, - SCSI- IDE- Windows 9x, , , MS-DOS, -. 9. . , MS Fax. Microsoft Fax , MS Fax. MS Exchange, . Microsoft Fax , , Windows. MS Fax, MS Exchange , . - Windows 9x - . . - Sony, Mitsumi Panasonic, Windows 9x . , . ( ) . , . Windows 9x . . 1. / . ( 10 ) . , 12 . , . . 2. Windows 9x Windows 9x, , , . . . . MS-DOS, , . , . Autoexec.bat, BIOS. Windows 9x MS-DOS MS-DOS (:\>) , Starting Windows 95 F4. DOS MS-DOS 5.0 . : MSDOS.sys : 1. , MS-DOS. 2. CD\ ENTER. 3. : attrib -r -s -h msdos.sys ENTER. 4. edit msdos.sys ENTER. : 1. , , . 2. msdos.sys ENTER. 3. msdos.sys , , . 4. , . 5. . 6. Msdos.sys , Notepad (). [Options], - ENTER. : Bootmulti=l. , . , F8, Starting Windows 95. Previous Version of MS-DOS. Windows 9x, : Windows 9x , MS-DOS Windows 9x . :\ Msdos.sys ( Windows 9x, DOS ). Windows 9x . ... Windows 9x Windows 9x, Windows. , :\. : sys : :. :\, . . DOS . Windows 9x Windows . , , DOS. , Windows 9x. , Windows 9x TCP/IP Windows 9x TCP/IP , DHCP IP IP. : . , , . Microsoft, TCP/IP. , TCP/IP . . Netware Novell Windows 9x. Novell Netware 3.x 4.x, Netware Microsoft. , Microsoft , Netware. , NETX VLM Novell. NDS 4.x, VLM. , Microsoft, . Autoexec.bat / Config.sys Windows 9x. Windows 9x, Windows 9x. MS-DOS , MS-DOS . , ( ). Novell Incorrect MS-DOS version. -, Novell Netware OSVersion MS-DOS, , Novell, MS-DOS. , Windows 9x, MS-DOS 7.O. -, SETVER, MS-DOS, Windows : , . Windows 9x . , . , , . , Windows . , , , . , NetBeui, IPX/SPX TCP/IP. Novell. , : Netware Microsoft IPX/SPX- , . Netware . . . : , NetWare . . . 1. . 1- 7.5 (Release 19) , Windows 95, ( IPX, 32 ) 1- ( ). , : DH1502, DH1502. , (. . , , ). ( CDX ). - 1-- (. . )., , 1- 7.5 . . 1- ( ) 250 . ( ) 700. DH1051 150- . 850...880, 1-. . , Windows 95 1024 . Config.sys Windows 95 . Windows 98 Windows NT, 2000. PCMCIA, . . PCMCIA . , , . , , . , , . PCMCIA , PCMCIA . PCMCIA : PCMCIA . PCMCIA ( SCSI -) Windows, - . , , PCMCIA . . Windows 9x , Windows 9x, , , . , , . , - PCMCIA, ( PCMCIA). , . , . . Windows 9x. , Windows 9x , , Windows 3.1, () . , : COMM.DRV SERIAL.VXD System - Windows 9x. System.ini: [boot]Comm.drv=Comm.drv [386enh] device=*vcd Windows 9x ( ). Windows 9x. SERIAL.VXD System.ini. Windows 9x , . *.vcd System.ini, VMM32.VXD. , . , : . . , . : . . , . . , I/O IRQ: 1. . 2. , LPT. 3. , . 4. . . 5. , . 6. , . COM3 I , ( ). 01 COM3 IRQ . COM2 COM4. , , IRQ COM3 COM4 , . , COM4. , . 3. WINDOWS 2000, NT 4.0 Windows 2000, NT 4.0, WINDOWS NT FAT32 , , FAT32, Windows 9x . , SYS : sys a: NTFS Windows 9x. NTFS Windows NT. Windows 9x Windows NT NTFS, , , . Windows 9x NTFS . WINDOWS-NT 1. NTFS, . 2. DOS- FAT, DOS DOS-. 3. - (, ), . NTFS, . , , . . () Windows NT Server 4.0 ServicePackl PentiumPro-200 , RAM 128Mb , ServicePack3 ( ..). , . BIOS (default ) . , BIOS, . , , Windows 9x Windows NT 4.0, 2000, (, 10.2GB (>1024 cylinders)), FAT 16, Windows 9x, Windows NT. Windows NT, 4 GB, NTFS, Windows NT. Windows NT. Windows 9x , FAT16, Windows NT, 2000 NTFS. , Windos NT 4.0 , . (blue screen crash). ***STOP 0x00000... , , , . , ***STOP OxOOOOOOnn... ( ...) STOP , . , , , . , Windows ( , , , NMI), Hardware malfunction. : . Password too complex . , . Printer out of paper . Access Denied . , , , : :\ net helpmsg 2101 The workstation driver is not installed ( ) EXPLANATION () Windows NT is not installed, or your configuration file is incorrect ( Windows NT ) ACTION () Install Windows NT, or see your network administrator about possible problems with your configuration file ( Windows NT ). Windows NT, , , , . Windows NT . - . Startup/Shutdown (/) System Properties ( ) Recovery. Windows 2000, NT 4.0 , : ... ... ... ... , . .: HKEY_LOCAL_MASHINE\SYSTEM\ CurrentControlSet|CrashControl , . , . , Pentium (P5). : , , , -/ ), . : , FIFO . Windows NT, , RDISK, NT, 3.5. , . NT. , System, Hidden, Read Only. : NTLDR NTDETECT.COM NTBOOTDD.SYS BOOT.INI BOOTSECT.DOS ( ) RISC- OSLOADER.EXE HALL.DLL. ARCS, : OSLOADER = SCSI(O) DISK(O)FDISK(O)\ OSLOADER.EXE SYSTEMPARTITION= SCSI(O) DISK(O)FDISK(O 1 , ), OSLOADPARTITION OSLOADFILENAME , . Windows NT ( cepBHC-HH>KeHepy)/NORTON UTILITIES FOR WINDOWS NT Version 2.0 MS-DOS 3.3 Windows NT 4.0 . , , . , . , , (Norton System Doctor (NSD)) Syslnfo , . / Norton System Doctor (NSD) : / Reporting CPU usage. NSD /Norton System Doctor and Performance Monitor. /Adjusting sensor size and appearance. /Updating Virus Definitions. /About the Virus Definitions Sensor context menu. /Configuration files. NU Windows NT IBM- Windows NT 4.0. Windows 9x OS/2, NT 3.x, Windows NT 4.0 Alpha PowerPC-. , LFN-, (Long File Name), , . , , , . , , , -( nanKe)\Program Files\symantec . , . , . Norton Utilities for Windows NT Norton NT Tools, , , . System Info System Doctor NT Tools Norton Utilities for Windows NT. () TCP/IP , Norton System Doctor System Information . TCP/IP, . NU for Windows NT : Windows NT. . / . Norton Utilities for Windows NT . / . Windows NT/Windows 9x Windows NT Windows 9x, , , , Norton Utilities, Norton Antivirus, , . : Windows 9x Windows 9x, Windows NT Windows NT . Windows NT (), ( ) . , : Logon Logoff ( ); Use of User Rights ( ); User and Group Management ( ); Security Policy Changes ( ). , , Event Viewer ( ), Administrative Tools. / Norton System Doctor (NSD) Norton Disk Doctor () , , . , Norton. Disk Doctor : , Explorer ( ) , , Windows NT , Windows NT (. . ). Norton Disk Doctor , () . NDD , UNDO-disk ( , ) . , UNDO-, . . , . NDD : NDD32.EXE /undo , Windows 3.11 , Windows for Workgroups 3.11, Novell NetWare, . IPX/ SPX with NetBIOS . , , . Windows Setup /n: setup/n. , Windows . Windows 9x Net Ware Windows 9 NetWare 3.12 4.01 Microsoft NetWare , NetWare 3.12 4.01 packet burst. Novell, (Pburst.exe) Novell. CompuServe Novell Web site (Ftp.Novell.com). NetWare 3.11 NetWare 3.11 , . , , MS Mail. : File not found ( ), . Sharing violation ( ) Lockviolation ( ). Unable to open file ( ) File in use ( ). ( , ) . 1. FTP ftp.novell.com. /pub/netware/nwos/nw311/ osnlm 311ptd.exe. os2opnfx.nlm. NetWare 3.11 (load os2opnfx.nlm).2. NetWare . NetWare . , : , Regedit. . HKEY_Local_Machine\System\QmBntControlSet\Services\VxD\ NWRedir supportLFN 0. NetWare , Microsoft NetWare , , , . , . . , . (Plug and Play) 16- 16- , , . , Plug and Play , Windows 9x 16- , Windows 9 Plug and Play. 16- Plug and Play ( , NE2000). : Softset, Plug and Play, Plug and Play. . , , . . 32- , Softset , Plug and Play. 32- . Windows 9x Windows 9x , Windows 9x. 1. . 2. . Windows 9x : , . Windows 9x , . Windows 9x Windows Netsetup.exe. -. Microsoft NetWare Setup NETX VLM. Windows 9x . Setup. TCP/IP , : ; Hostname ; Ipconfig TIP/IP, ; Nbstat NetBIOS, ; Netstat TIP/IP; Nslookup ; Ping TIP/IP TIP/IP; Route IP / IP; Tracert . TIP/IP Windows NT: Microsoft SNMP SNMP; Event Viewer ; Performance Monitor TIP/IP WINS; Registry Editor . TIP/IP , , . , . . , , Microsoft Nrtwork Monitor. , nslookup , . : Timed out ; No response from server ; No records ; Connection refused ; Server failure ; Refused ; Format error . , ping () ( ) ICMP . Ping . . 4 , 64 ( ). , Windows NT Novell NetWare. / , . . , , Novell Netware 3.x, . . , . , Extract.exe, , Ndis.vxd. Ndis.vxd Windows\System. . PCI INTEL ETHEREXPRESS PRO /100 MICRODYNE NE10/100 Windows 9x PCI Intel EtherExpress Pro/100B Microdyne NE10/100. PCI Ethernet . , , . , PCI Ethernet . , . . PCI Ethernet Intel 82557. . . WINS WINS : . TCP/IP . WINS. , WINS WINS. WINS WINS. ManageWise ManageWise Novell Intel, 400 . MangeWise : NetWare, SNMP; ; ; ; . , , . MangeWise NLM, NetWare 3 4 ( ). ManageWise: ; ; ; ; ; , SNMP. Windows, Windows-? Windows, , ( Windows NT) . , . , , . . DPMI- ( Ph33r). VxD- (Windows . Windows 9x) Windows NT. : INT 21h (Hook_V86_Int_Chain, Get/Set_V86_Int_Vtctor, Get/ Set_PM_Int_Vector), API. Windows- , DOS-: . , , VxD-. VxD- Windows. Windows SYSTEM.INI. VxD-, VxD-. , Word, Excel Office 97, , : (), ( - ), . , , . , , Word AutoOpen ( AutoClose ) , DisableAutoMacros. , (File/Open, File/Close, File/SaveAs). - , . Word, Excel, Office 97. , , , . , , . , ( ) , , , , , , ( ). ( ), Auto-text. V. , IBM- . . , , - , , , . . , , , , . . , - . , , . , , , . . , ( -) , . tabula rasa(4HCTyro ), , , . , . , . , , - . , Internet, , , . , , -, . , , . , , , , , , , , . . , : , . , . , ( ) , , , ( BIOS), . - . , . ? , , , IBM, a ( ). , , . , . / . , , . , . , , . (), , () . , . , . . , . , , ( ), . 1020 . , . , IBM- . 6. , /ISA NMI Message , / ISANMI Message /Memory Parity Error at xxxxx //I/O Card Parity Error at xxxxx /DMA Bus Timeout /Memory failed. , Memory Parity Error xxxxx. Memory Parity Error ???? . , : I/O Card Parity Error xxxxx. I/O Card Parity Error???? 7-8 , , , , . ? . NDD (NU) SCANDISK ( DOS-6.22 ) , , . ? , . . ... () , . , , . . , . , . . , . , , . , , , (). , , , . , . . , , , , , . , ( - ?) . 1. ( ) (motherboard), , (), . (), , , , . 1 , , , . 1 /Primary power connector VESA/VESA feature connector /Video memory () /expansion sockets D PCI IDE/ PCI IDE interfaces E /Parallel port connector F -/Floppy drive connector G /Configuration jumpers H - National PC87306 I/O controller I /Voltage regulation circuitry J SIMM- ( )/ SIMM sockets (two banks) L /CELP socket for secondary cache M Pentium/Pentium processor socket P /82437 system controller (TSC) R ISA/Three ISA expansion connectors S /Clock Multiplier Jumper T - BIOS/Flash EEPROM for system BIOS U PCI/PCI expansion connectors W /Custom video header for I/O panel X CD-ROM/CD-ROM connectors Y PCI/3.3 volt PCI bus power connector Z /PCI graphics controller AA /Audio connector for I/O panel BB /Two serial ports CC AT/AT KeyboardConnector (. 2) , (floppy), , , , (primary IDE, secondary IDE), (parallel port). 1 , , 2 , . , , . , , , , /motherboard. ? (, ), ( 20-30 . ). , . (Power On Self-Test POST), BIOS , ( ). , , 107, , NMI, . . , - . - . BIOS POST . ( ) . , , BIOS. BIOS, , (CMOS) . : (, ). POST, (Checklt, Norton Disk Doctor, QAPlus .), , -1 . , . . , . , . , BIOS . . : ; 5 12 ; , (, ); ( ); , ; ; ; . , , . . , , . () , . 19891990 . , . , , . . . , , 32- . 90- . , , . , , . , . . , . , , ( ) . 7 . , Pentium Pro Pentium, . Pentium . Pentium Pro -, Pentium. , 40% , Pentium. , PGA. . Pentium Pro 150-200 2.9 20 . . Pentium Pro 14 . Pentium Pro , . . , , Pentium Pro . , , Pentium Pro () . , . Pentium Pro . Pentium Pro, . Pentium Pro Pentium Pro, . Pentium Pro , MESI. Pentium Pro; , . . Pentium Pro , Pentium Pro. , Pentium Pro. Pentium Pro 64-. Intel Intel386 (TM), Pentium Pro 32- . , Intel , . 7 , / / / Virtual - Clock / Bus ( Addressa Memory Speed Width ) ble Memory 197 108 4 bits 2,300 (10 640 1 ) . (), 8008 197 108 8 bits 3,500 16Kb , 2 197 2 8 bits 6,000 (6 64Kb 10 the performance of4 4004 16 bits) 29,000 (3 ) 29,000 (3 ) 134,000 (1,5 ) 275,000 (1 ) 16Mb 4 Gb 1 64 1Mbthe 8008 8080- 8086-, 8- 3-6- 8086- 86 32 197 5,8, 8 10 197 5,8 9 8088 802868 bits 16 bits 32 bits198 8,10,1 2 2 Intel386 198 16,20, (TM)D 5 25,33 X . 7 , / - Clock Speed Intel386 198 16,20 (TM)S 8 X Intel486 198 25,33, (TM)D 9 50 X Intel486 (TM)S X Pentium 199 16,20, 1 25,33 199 60,66, 3 75,90, 100,1 20 133,1 50 166 Pentium 199 150,1 Pro 5 80 200 AMD 200 5000 700 / Bus Width 16 bits ( ) 275,000 (1 ) 1,200,000 (1 , 0,8 ) 1,185,000 (0,8 ) 3,1 (0,8 ) / Addressa ble Memory 4 Gb / Virtual Memory 64 64 32 bits4 Gb16- 32- 1- 32 bits 32 bits4 Gb 4 Gb64 64 486() DX . 5 33 Intel486 DX32 bits5,5 (0,32 ) 10 (0,16 )4 Gb64 32 bits4 Gb64 . , , , Pentium Pro, Pentium, 64- . , . Pentium Pro , Pentium Pro 64-. . . , , . Pentium Pro 21 . Pentium Pro 5,5 , - 2- 15,5 . - , , . - , CPU, , CPU Pentium Pro. , , . . , . , Slotl Pentium II, Pentium III Celeron, Slotl. SCSI . Super7 , Socket7, Socket7 100 AGP. : PCI 2,1; ISA; AGP; IDE-; /. ( ) . , , . 8 , . ( RAM) , . : 1. DRAM Dynamic RAM - . (Fast Page Mode FPM). 2. FPM DRAM Fast Page Mode FPM . 3. VRAM Video RAM , . , . 4. CDRAM Cached DRAM Mitsubishi, 16 Kb 4 16 Mb. 5. EDRAM Enhanced DRAM Ramtron, 8 Kb - 4 Mb.6. EDO DRAM Extended Data Output DRAM . , CAS# . - . , -. , . Dell, Intel, oco . SN74244, SN74245, SN74373 ; 21213; ; ; ; ; . . : ; ; ; , , . , (, ), , , BIOS, . , , , . , , - , 3-5 15-25 . , , , , SN74LS245 , . - - . ( ) . , ? 8 . 440LX Pentium II233-333, Celeron, Pentium Pro 66 + + 4 DIMM 440EX Pentium II 233-333, Celeron 66 2 DIMM 440BX Pentium II, Pentium III, Celeron 100 66 + + 4 DIMM 440ZX-66 Pentium II 233-333, Celeron 66 2 DIMM 440ZX Pentium II, , Celeron 100 66 2 DIMM, . PCI Master5 PIIX4, PIIX4E3 PIIX4E5 PIIX4E3 PIIX4E3 PIIX4E : , , , , ; ; , ; 30-40 ; , ; ; ; 6-12 , ; ; - . 2. . , , , . , , . : ; - ; ; , . 80- 90- - , , , ( ) . . , , , , . (), , . ( , ) , , , . , , . . , . . . : ; /; : ( ), (, ). , . , , . 9. ST506/412 34 20 (2 ) IDE 40 SCSI 50 ESDI 34 20 , ID- (. 10). 10. ( ) IDE- 1 RST 21 2 22 3 DATA 23 BIOW/ 7/ 4 DATA 24 8/ 5 DATA 6 25 BIOR/ 6 DATA 9 26 7 DATA 5 27 8 DATA 10 28 BBALE/ 9 DATA 4 29 10 DATA 11 30 11 DATA3 31 IRQ14/3anpoc . 12 DATA 12 32 IOCS 16 13 DATA 2 33 BADDR1 14 DATA 13 34 15 DATA 1 35 BADDR0 16 DATA 14 36 BADDR2 17 DATA0 37 CSO/ 18 DATA 15 38 CS1 19 39 DSKACTIVE 20 KEY 40 : ; ; ; ; . / () BIOS . , . . . A BIOS , . 2,5". , , 3,5" . 2,5", 1 . Maxtor , , . Laramie EIDE 12,5 837 , 1 1,34 . Fijutsu 2,5" Hornet 5 6, . 1 (. ), Enhanced IDE Fast SCSI-2. . (, , , ). S.M.A.R.T. (Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology) S.M.A.R.T. (Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology) IBM Compaq PFA (Predictive Failure Analysis) DFP (Drive Failure Prediction) S.M.A.R.T.- , , . ANSI IDE -3. (Fujitsu, IBM, Maxtor, Quantum, Seagate, Western Digital) S.M.A.R.T.- . , S.M.A.R.T.-, . . . ( ) . . . , , , , , , (bad) , . . 1 253, 1 100. , . . , . S.M.A.R.T.-flH-. , SMARTVision, Windows 9x Windows NT, S.M.A.R..- . , . S.M.A.R.T.- Windows 9x. S.M.A.R.T.-, S.M.A.R.T.- . . , , , IDE-, . . , , , ( ) . : , . , , , , . DOS, . : ? , . , , , , , -, BIOS. , , , , . , , , , . , , / . . , - : , /, , ( , ), ( ), , , (). , , , (, , , . , , BIOS, . IDE, , , . , , , . : SETUP ( , CMOS ). ... SETUP ( , SETUP) , F2, CTL-ALT-ESC, CTL-ALT-S, ESC. SETUP , SETUP.EXE. SETUP, CHECKIT. , Checkit Hard disk Benchmark ( ). 15,7 , 350 /, 3,7 (. . 3). , . , , , , . , , ., ... ... DOS (!), ? , : 17 DISK ERROR INVALID DRIVE SPECIFICATION DRIVE NOT READY ERROR. , , . . . . , 180 . , . :, : , , , . . , Aidstest Adinf ( ), . , ( , ) , . Norton Utility NDD (Norton Disk Doctor) 6 7. , , : ( 2 ), : ? . . . . : , , . : A:\>SYS : ( ). , . COMMAND.COM :. , DOS , Invalid drive Specificatiion . , , . , . , ... ... - ? , , , . FDISK, DOS-. :FDISK Options Current fixed disk drive: 1/ 1 Choose one of the following:/Bbi6paTb 1. Create DOS partition or Logical DOS Drive/ DOS- . 2. Set active partition/ . 3. Delete partition or / . 4. Display partition information/ . Enter choice: [1]/ . Press Esc to exit FDISK/ ESC FDISK Display Partition Information Current fixed disk drive: 1 Partition Status Type Volume Label Mbytes System Usage C: 1 A PRI DOS 70 FAT16 70% 2 EXT DOS 30 30% Total disk space is 100 Mbytes (1 Mbyte = 1048576 bytes) ( 100 ) The Extended DOS Partition contains Logical DOS Drives. Do you want to display the logical drive information (Y/N)......?[Y] ( DOS- . (/)) Press Esc to return to FDISK Options/ ESC, FDISK Create DOS Partition or Logical Current fixed disk drive: 1/ 1 Choose one of the following:/Bbi6paTb 1 . Create Primary DOS Partition/ DOS-. 2. Create Extended DOS Partition/ DOS-. in the Extended DOS Partition/ DOS-. Enter choice: [1]/ , Press Esc to return to FDISK Options/ ESC, FDISK Delete DOS Partition or Logical Current fixed disk drive: 1 Choose one of the following: 1. Delete Primary DOS Partition/ . 2. Delete Extended DOS Partition/ . in the Extended DOS Partition/ . 4. Delete Non-DOS Partition/ DOS . Enter choice: [ ] Press Esc to return to FDISK Options/ ESC FDISK FDISK Options 1. Create DOS partition/ DOS-. 2. Change active partition/ . 3. Delete DOS partition/ DOS-. 4. Display partition information/ . , , DOS, , , . : a:\>fdisk , (4), . , 1 . , ( :) D:, E: ,F:. DOSformat.com: format c:/s format d: , ( C0MMAND.COM) - . , , , . , , , . , , , . . - ... (low-level) , , , , ^ , . SETUP SPEEDSTORE, - . , (IDE,EIDE,SCSI), , , - . BIOS , . , SETUP . , . , DOS CHECKIT. , , BIOS . , , . , 1300 , 1024. , , . , . . , , * : : /, , ; : , , , , ; , , ( ), , , ; : . HD TESTER IDE . PC 3000 AT . IDE . . , SpeeedStore. , SpeeedStore HardPrep, . , , , . , . , . . ? ... , ..., , . , , : , . , (. . 11). 11 IDE IDE RLL,ZBR ST-506 MFM MFM,RLL EIDE EIDE RLL,ZBR SCSI SCSI ZBR,... SCSI-2 SCSI-2 ZBR,... , , , RLL IDE-, ST506, SCSI, ESDI-. -. , , , , : , . ( - . , ( ), . . , - , . . , , . , , . , , . , , , , . , . , ... , - . ! ST 506/412 34 20 . 0,6-0,9 / 3 . . IDE (XT/AT) 40 . 0,8-9 / 1 8-16- . . ESDI 34 20 . 1,25 / 3 . , ( ) . SCSI 50 . 4 / 25 8- . (, ., , . .), , , / , . 8 . SCSI-2 50 68 . 10-40 / 25 8+24- . , IDE SCSI-, , , . - ( ) . 3600 ./. , 8,3 . 5400 ./. ( 6,7 ). - 3600 ./. - . - 7200 /, - 4,17 . 10000 ./. ( 3 ). , . 14000 ./. - 2,1 . 2,5- : . , , . . , . , . BIOS BIOS . - , Disk Manager Speedster. . . , . , . , . . Disk Manager . , . , . , . , . . , ( ), . 3. , , , VGA- SVGA-. 12 , . ... , 35 . , , . 12. 1Mb 2Mb 4Mb 8Mb , DR DR DR DR AM AM AM AM 640x480x4 X 100 Hz b 640x480x8 X X 100 Hz b 640x480x16 X X 100 Hz b 640x480x24 X X 90 Hz b 64048032 X 60 Hz b 800x600x4 X 100 Hz b 800x600x8 X X 100 Hz b 800x600x16 X X 75 Hz b 800x600x24 X 60 Hz b 1024x768x4 X 100 Hz b 1024x768x8 X 75 Hz b 1024x768x8 X 100 Hz b 1024x768x16 X 60 Hz b 1280x1024x4 X 75 Hz b 1280x1024x8 X 75 Hz b . , . : , ; ( ); ; ; , ; ; ; , ; - ; 50%; , , , . : ; , ; , , , , ; ( ) , ; , , , , , ; ; (, , -) , , , ( !); , , , . , . , 60-80% . - ... , , , . , , . , . : , (40120 ) (15120 ) . (, , ) . , , . , , , . : . , () , . , , , BIOS. He , . ( ) . 1315. : ! . , ( 25 ) ( ), . : . . 13. , . . . , . . . . 1 2 , - , . ( ) ( ). . . . . 14. , ( ) , , , , . ( ) () , , , , ( ) Screen 15. , : , , , , - () , 1-2 . . , - . ( ) ( ) . , 1 , . , . , . , ( ) ( ) 3050 ( ). , . , . , (). , , , , , . , . , , , . . , : ; ; ; ; (). : ; ; ; ; (); ; (). : (13 ); ; , R (), G () (); Y. : R, G, ; R, G, . , , (Focus) (Screen). , -. 4. , , , , , , , . 5,25 3,5 , 3,5 . 3,5" () , , . , 300 /. , , . : , . , , , , ( 0). , . , - , . ( ) . , . , , . . 34- , , . , IBM PC . , (0...3) ; IBM PC 1, , ( 10-16) . 6, . ( , IBM PC), , , , / , , () , . . , , , . 16. ( ) 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 0 1 2 00 HD (High Density ) 80 , 18 512 . 82 84 , 20 512 11 1024 . , 120 . / (1,44 ). , -, . - , . : / ; , , ; ( 360 120 ) ; , (1020 ). 1990 40 %. 1. . 2. . 3. , . 4. , . 5. . 6. . 7. . 8. , , , . ! ( : , , , ), , , , . : ; ; ; , ( - ); , , . : () 40 ; , . ( , .) : , , , , , . 4 : , , , . . , . 62,5-250 . / . 2 00 (). , -. 600 . : 00 , , , . , , , : , , +5 +12 . . , , : 6, : 601 (Diskette error) , , ; 602 (Diskette Boot Record error); 606 ; 607 , , , ; 608 ; 611-613 ; 621-626 . , . , . . , , , , , , , , . . , . , . . () 15 , , . , . , FD-55BR/FR/GR 8 , : 1. 1 INDEX , 2. 2 Erase gate delay , 3. TRACK -, 4. 4 - 1- , 5. 5 - 2- ,' 6. 6 DC , 7. 7 DIF.AMP 1- , 8. 8 DIF.AMP 2- . , . : , , , . 5. , : ; ; . : ; ; ; , ; . , ; . . ; . , , , , . . , 2000 , . . , . 21 , , . ; . : , . . ; . - . +5 , , . ; 1 . 25 , ; . ( ), . , , . ; . . , . . , , . 2040 , . , , . : - ; . . ! , . . ; . , , . , . , . 5 . - 8 . , 0,1 , . . 6. ? - , . . . , , . : . ( ). , . . . (, , -, , . .). () 115-127 220240 150-400 . . +5 +12 . , , , . . ! , ! , , , . ?.. - , . . . , , 37 . . , , . . , . , , (), , -- () , , , +5 +12 . , . ? . , ( ) . ! . . , +5 + 12 ( ). : , ; , . . 17. , : ( ); ; . () (UPS-Unit Power Supply) . . 1. . . , . 2. . ( ) . , . . . 28. , , , , , . - TL497, TDA4601 ( 10331) 4605 1, Power good . , , Power good 5 12 , 3. . , . . . , , , . / (UPS) : 1. Off-line ( ) Stand-by () . . off-line . : ; ; 5-20 ; ; ; 2. (Line Interactive, Ferroresonant, Triport .). offline, (, .). , off-line, , . - IEC 555. 3 . On-line ( ). : 100% , . , , , . On-line , . . -, . , . 7. () : (), (), (), (, , ) , , (), . ( ). , , - , , . , : , - , ; , ; , , : . , , , , ; . , , , . : , 35 , . , - . . , , . . . ( , , . .), -. , , , . , - , . - . , 1-2 , . , , ( ), , , , . , , , . . : , -. , . , . , . , , , ( ) . ! : , , ; ; , , ; ( ), , ; , ; . , , . , , , , , , . . , . ( , , ). . , , , . , . - , , , , , , . . . . , . 5 . . , . . : ; ; ; , , ; ; . . - . , , . , . , IBM , . 1. ! , , . 2. . ? , ? , ? ? ? 3. . ? - , ? , ? 4. . , . , . , , , . , . 5. . , . ? off-line? , ? , ( ) ? ? , ? 6. . . , . . , ( ). 7. , ( ). , . , . , , , . . , , , , . 8. . . , , , . 9. . . , . : - . . . . , , . ., , . , , : , . , , , . , , , . 10. . , (, ). . 2436 . . 11. . , , . . , . , , . , (-) , , . , , . , , . :1. , . 2. . 3. . (-) . ( ). - (). 4. . , . 5. . , ( ). 6. , . , , , . ' 7. , , , , . , , , . , , , . ,, , . , . 8. . , , . . 9. . , , . , , , . : -; -; ; ; ; ( ). 10. , , , - . , . 11. . : ; , ; . , . -? , ~ 95%. 5%? , . . 1. . (). - . . 2. . - , - . , . 3. . , - , . -. 4. . , . 5. . . 6. . , , . , . -. , , , , -. 30% . , , , . . , , : 1. , 70 . 2. ( 0 50 , 20% 90%). 3. : ; ; ; ; ; , ; ; ; . 4. , : , 10 ; ; ; , , . 5. 115 ~ 220 . , . , , . 6. . 7. , . 8. . , . , , , . 1. , . 2. . . . 3. , , .4. , , . 5. . . , , . 6. , () . . , (-) . 7. , . 8. , . , , , 15 . 9. , . , , , . 10. , . ., . . 11. - : ; ; ; ; ; , . 12. , , ( ) . 13. , , , . 14. , . , , , . 15. , - . , . LC-200 Star Micronics^ , , , , . 1. . [1]. 18. 2. . [1]. , : - IC4 (74LS373); 6- IC2 (74LS05); 1 2 (STA401A); TR11 TR18 (4671); TR3, TR4, TR7, TR8 (1740); TR19, TR20 (1719); TR9 (933); TR5 (1387); TR6 (1168); 19. 3. . , ( ), ( ). 20. : ; ; ; 18. 1. 1. , . Fl, TF. 2. 2. . . 3. 3. . . 1. [. F2 (). F2. 2. 2. +25 DB1. MOCTDBI. 3. 3. 4. 4. 4. 4. IC1 IC1 . . 5. 5. 9. 9. 1. F3 (). 2. +5 DB2. 3. . 4. IC2 . 5. 12. 1. IC1. 2. IC2. 3. 9 12. 4. +5 +25 . . , .1. IC1. 2. IC2. 3. 912. 4. . 1. . 2. IC1 IC2. +25 +5 , 1. 4, 9, , 12. 2. IC1 IC2. 19. , 1. RESET. 2. 3. WD out (. 59). 4. , . 5. RESET . 1. .1. IC3. 2. 38IC1 (), 29IC8 (). 3. WD out . 59 . 4. TR7.. .TR9, TR1HTR6,TR4HT R5. 5. CN1 .6018(). 1. , . 2. 1 ( ). 3. TR1 TR6. ,2. 1 . 3. +25 . 1. . 2. 1. 1 1 (. 55...61). 2. , +25 : . 3. . . , . 1. CN1. 2. . 3. 4. . 5. 1. . 2. 2. 3. +25 . 4. (K.17...20IC8). 1. TR7HmTR20. 3. . 1. CN1 . 2. ) . 3. . 4. . 5. , . 1. , . 2. 2 ( ). 3. TR4 TR5. 4. (8). 1. . 2. TRIO.. .TR18. 3. . 4. 5. +25 . 1. LED1...LED11. 2. +5 . 3. (11). 1. . 2. . 3. . 4. (11)(18). 5. TR1 TR6. 1. . 2. +5 . 3. .27.. .37 (IC1). IC9. 2. (.5.. .8 IC8). 1. SW1.. .SW5. 2. 1. IC9. 2. ().1. . 2. (IC8). 3. D0...D7(IC8). 3. . 1. IC2. 2. CN1. 3. IC1 (). 1. IC4. 2. (K.51...58IC8). 3. (IC5, IC6). 4. (IC7). 5. (K.11...18IC1)..1. IC2. 2. CN1. 3. (K.39...43IC1). 1. IC4. 2. . 3. . 4. . 5. (IC1). 20. 1. 1. . 2. . 2. . - 3. . 4. IC2 . (). 3. 5. .. 4. . 5. . 6. IC1 (). 1. (DATA1...DATA 8). 2. CN1. 3. IC1 (). 4. . 5. IC2.6. IC1 (). , .1. . . 2. . 3. IC1 (). 4. IC2. 5. IC2. 1. . 2. IC101. 3. . 4. . 5. 1. CN101 HCN102. 2. IC101. 3. (IC1). 4. (IC2).5. (. 18...25IC1). DIP - 6. . (DSW1). 6. TR1. ; ; . , , HL-630 Brother. 48151-3 : MC68EC000FN Motorola, D93094 GM-3ED NEC, 834200 Fujitsu TC514170BJ-80 Toshiba. 48152-3 ( IC1, ), S. MOTOR ( 7), ( 6, 8), ( 4), , ( 12 11). PCPH0177E47V 4 . MPS1816 ( CN101), , 1 2 SW101 HSW102. 1. 21. 110-120 , 60 220-240 , 50, 480 ( ) 60 ( ). : , ; , . LazerJet II, III, IV , - . , , , , , . , , . , . , . 21. HL-630 1. , F1. 2. Z1. 3. MOCTDI. 4. 5. 5. Q1. 6. IC102. 7. TRA1. 8. SW101. 1. 1. , +5 . +5 . 2. 2. , +5 . . 3. 3. . . , . , 1. Q1 . 2. , D102,D101,IC102 , C101, 1. 1. - . 2. 1. 3. 6 8. 4. R4. 1. - . 2. . 3. TRA1. 1. . 2. 1. Q1 . 2. D102, D101, 1102,101 103. 1. . 2. 1. 3. 6 8. 4. R4. , 1. . 2. . 3. TRA1. 1. . . CN101 , 1. . 2. 1. 1. . 2. 1 2. 3. TRA1. , , . , , . . - , . , , , , ( ) , . MC680008. . - . LazerJet II, III. , , : (), , / ,2. . 1. 101,103, C102,C104,R116, R120, 19,15,03. . 2. 1. 1. . 2. 1 2. 3. TRA1. , ( ). ( ) , , ( ) , , . DeskJet 69v0C Hewlett-Packard (. 22). 8. CD-ROM CD-ROM , CD-ROM . : . . (). 22. DeskJet 690C Hewlett-Packard 1. 1. . . 2. 2. . . 3. 3. Ql, Q2 . CR3. 4. . 1. 1. . . , 2. 2. . . 3. 3. . 4. . 1. , 2. 3. 6CCY96T. 1. . 2. . 3. 6CCY96T. 1. . 2. 3. . 4. 6CCY96T. 5. . 6. . 7. . i. 4 . 9. .. 4. . 1. 2. 3. . 1. . 2. . 3. . 1. . 2. 3. 4. . 5. . 6. . 7. . 8. 1. 22 23. . 9. . 1. . 2. 3. . 4. . 5. . 1. , . 2. . 3. 4. . 5. 6. . 7. . 1. . 2. .2. 3. 6CCY96T. 4. . 5. . 1. . 2. . 3. 4. . 5. 6. . 7. . 1. . 2. - . 3. 4. 1. . 2. ( ). 3. 4. 1. . 2. . , 1. . 2. . 3. . 1. . 2. . 3. .