როგორ ვწეროთ უკეთესად

nino SaraSeniZe

rogor vweroT ukeTesad

savarjiSoebis krebuli

ufrosklaselebisa daabiturientebisaTvis

nino SaraSeniZe

rogor vweroT ukeTesadsavarjiSoebis krebuli

ufrosklaselebisa da abiturientebisaTvis

redaqtorebisolomon nozaZelali baqraZelali qadagiZe

konsultantimzeqala SaniZe

garekanis dizainigiorgi tabliaSvili

dizaini da dakabadonebakaxa gogsaZe

© gamomcemloba `diogene~, 2007

yvela ufleba daculia

pirveli gamocema 2007

ISBN 978-9941-11-007-8

gamomcemloba `diogene~ Tbilisi, kekeliZis q. 6 telefoni 956394, tel./faqsi 967971www.diogene.ge

Sinaarsi

1. isev punqtuacia 4

2. jer vgegmavT, Semdeg vwerT 9

3. eniT gamoxatuli samyaro 15

4. sityvis Zala 20

5. rogor gamovxatoT saTqmeli 25

6. vwerT oficialuri stiliT 38

7. testebi 45

8. pasuxebi 50

`rogor vweroT ukeTesad~ praqtikuli savarjiSoe-bis krebulia. misi mizania, XI kla sis standartiT gaT-valiswinebuli enobrivi sakiTxebis aqcentirebiT daexmaros moswavles weriTi metyvelebis srulyofa-Si.

mravalferovani savarjiSoebi punqtuaciis, fraze-ologizmebis, sinonimiis da sxvadasxvanairi enobri-vi konstruqciebis ukeT dauflebas Seuwyobs xels. krebuli Seicavs weriT metyvelebaSi oficialuri da saqmiani stilis gamoyenebis nimuSebs da TviTSemowme-bis testebsac.

4

isev punqtuacia...

punqtuacia marTlweris Semadgeneli nawilia da sasveni niSnebis sworad dasmis wesebs Seicavs. imisaTvis, rom ukeTesad vweroT, pirvel rigSi, sasveni niSnebis sworad gamoyenebis wesebi ga-

vixsenoT, radgan sasveni niSnebis gareSe an misi araswori gamoyenebiT teqsti SeiZleba gaugebari gaxdes. garda amisa, punqtuacia kargad avlens pirovnebis weriTi kulturis dones,

davimaxsovroTwertili iwereba TxrobiTi winadadebis bolos. dRes kargi amindia.kiTxvis niSani iwereba kiTxvis Semcveli winadadebis bolos. sad midixar?Zaxilis niSani iwereba emociis an grZnobis gamomxatveli winadadebis bolos. ra lamazia! ro-

gor meSinia!kiTxva-Zaxilis niSani iwereba iseTi winadadebis bolos, romelic kiTxvasac Seicavs da aseve

raime grZnobas an emocias... gana aseTi daudevroba SeiZleba?!wertil-mZime iwereba iseTi winadadebis bolos, romelSic azri nawilobriv damTavrebulia,

magram momdevno winadadeba imave azrs agrZelebs, rasac wina gamoxatavs. guramTan Sesaxvedrad yvelani wavidnen; mec wavedi, radgan wausvleloba ar iqneboda.

mravalwertili iwereba dausrulebel an Sewyvetil winadadebaSi, an iseT winadadebaSi, romel-Sic gamoxatulze ufro meti igulisxmeba. raRac minda giTxra... Tumca... albaT sxva droisTvis ajobebs Tqma...

tire iwereba gamotovebuli wevris nacvlad da ganmazogadebeli sityvis (yvela, yoveli, yve-laferi...) win, agreTve dialogSi yoveli axali replikis win. erT biWs meore mohyva, meores _ mesame. cxeli kerZebi, sasmeli, xili, tkbileuloba _ yvelaferi uxvad elaga sufraze.

ori wertili (orwertili) iwereba: CamonaTvalTan, Tu mas win uZRvis ganmazogadebeli sityva: 1. yvelaferi bevri mqonda nayidi: xili, bostneuli, xorci, tkbileuloba. dialogSi, avtoris sityvebis Semdeg: 2. luarsabma hkiTxa: _ saWmeli gvaqvs? citatis moyvanis win: 3. ilia `mgzavris werilebSi~ wers: `moZraoba da marto moZraoba aris, Cemo Tergo, qveynis Ronisa da sicocxlis mimcemi.~

brWyalebSi iwereba:citata;1.

2. saxelwodeba (gazeTis, Jurnalis, nawarmoebis, kinofilmis, speqtaklis, gemis....): Jurnali ̀ mna-Tobi~.

3. ironiulad gamoyenebuli sityvebi: luarsabi didad `gonieri~ gaxldaT. mZime iwereba sam SemTxvevaSi:

erTgvar wevrebs Soris Serwymul winadadebaSi. 1. qali, kaci, bavSvi, moxuci, axalgazrda _ yvela mogrovda axali ambis Sesatyobad. gankerZoebul sityvebTan da gamoTqmebTan. (gankerZoebuli sityvebi yovelTvis gamoiyofa 2. mZimeebiT winadadebis wevrebisagan).

gankerZoebuli gansazRvreba:• Semodgomis tye, aTasfrad aelvarebuli, saocari sanaxavi iyo.gankerZoebuli garemoeba:• zeg, samSabaTs, dRis Tormet saaTze, daniSnulia Sexvedra. danarTi (damatebiTi informacia):• luarsabi, gvarad TaTqariZe, wodebiT Tavadi, kaxeTis erT sofelSi cxovrobda.CarTuli (mTqmelis damokidebuleba naTqvamisadmi):• es ambavi, rasakvirvelia, yvelas gau xarda. mimarTva (wodebiT brunvaSi dasmuli saxeli):• me vfiqrob, guram, Sen ara xar marTali.migebiTi nawilaki (dadasturebiTi: ho, xo, ki, diax; uaryofis: ara, vera):• ara, ar minda. Sorisdebuli (emociis gamomxatveli forma): • yoCaR, Cemo megobaro!

3. rTul winadadebaSi Semadgenel winadadebaTa sazRvarze. me rom movedi, is wasuli damxvda.

sxva SemTxvevaSi mZime ar iwereba _ es kargad daimaxsovreT da gaiTvaliswineT;

savarjiSoebiI. dasviT dialogebSi sasveni niSnebi:

1. gaixede gaixede cxeni uyure cxenebimagram bavSvi gareT ar ixedeboda daRvremili iyo Sen genacvalos deda Cemo tiktikav gcxela Semogevle wyali xom ar ginda

5

bavSvi mainc arafers ambobdaaba SemomxedemaSin giorgi Semobrunda da uTxraar ginda ukeTesia daiZinos

2. didi da pataraoba sad ar aris Tqva luarsabma ai Tund TiTebze daixedeT erTi didia meore patara risTvis imisTvis rom RmerTs ase gauCenia didi da patara yvelgan unda iyos aba daixede

gana ar damixedia Seni Wirime didic aris pataraca magram dailoca RvTis samarTali ise gauCenia rom erTmaneTs ar uSlian Tqva cbierma daTom

maS yvelgan aris didi da patara axla rogor iqneba rom CvenSi ar iyos an ra dasajeria gaagrZela luarsabma da ver gaigo ki daTos azri

3. vina xarT ikiTxa isev im ucnobma romelic pirvelad gamoelaparakaCven wminda samebis ymebi varT iyo pasuxisad midixarTgoCasTansaidan modixarTuSiSrad epasuxeboda erTi momavalTagani romelmac daumata onise Sena ara xarho me var upasuxa onisem da pirisaxis axlos mitaniT Caakvirda ucnobs ahu veRar gican Tolika

moxvel mSvidobiTmSvidoba mogces ufalma upasuxa axladmosulma da daumata goCa sadaa imisi naxva gveswrfvisiareT miugo pasuxi onisem da gauZRva win

4. waikiTxeT niko lorTqifaniZis novela `tragedia ugmiroT~, teqsti sasveni niSnebis gareSea warmodgenili, daukvirdiT da dasviT saTanado sasveni niSnebi:

tragedia ugmiroTSeugneblad daerida bavSvebis sivils gamovida qoxidan gadaiara ezo ugzo-ukvlod midioda sadRac

yanaSi Camojda qvaze erTi fiqric ar Cndeboda TavSi calkeuli sityvebi gaielvebdnen naperwkaliviT Wadi bavSvebi xari isev adga jer Saragzas gayva mere orRobeSi Seuxvia dauZaxa viRacam moixeda

guSinwin rom mTxove fqvili RmerTia mowame ar mqonda ai dRes qe maq cota da naxevar jams giz-iareb oRond ar damRupo im paraskevs unda damibruno

momeci mokled mouWra da Robes miadga am topsikas nu gamomigzavni me TviTon wamoviRebadgilidan ar iZroda da xmasac ar iRebdara dagemarTa kacoaraferinu geSinia RmerTi mowyalea Cvenkenac moixedavsnela Semobrunda uxmod moSorda moxuc dedakacs Tavis naTlias romelic gulSi fiqrobda Seni

mteria es naxevari jami fqvili ki davkarge mara Cemi rZali mainc ar gaigebdes ras uSvelis sawyals naxevari jami ex RmerTo RmerTo

* * * mama fqvili moitane asxrialdnen bavSvebigvaWameki Svilo ki biWo eubneboda xan erTsa da xan meoresbavSvebs uTqmelad mohqondaT fiCxi anTebdnen cecxls awyobdnen da asworebdnen kecebsmamam wyalSi mozila comi da gavarvarebul kecebs daakra bavSvebis mouTmenlobam moagona rom

kargi iqneboda Wadebis gamocxobamdi maTi Tavidan moSorebaaba biWebo wadiT da bicola efrosines oxraxuSi gamoarTviT bevri aqvs mogcemTWadi aiRo gatexa gasagrileblad dabera da gasasinjad lukma pirSi Caido mTel sxeuls gamouTqmeli

mada aReZrameore lukmaswvavda enas da mainc sWamdabavSvebi Semovardnen momeci mamamecgadiT Tqve gasawyvetlebo mama mamamama erTi lukma

6

bavSvebi cali xeliT milaxa da lafaroSi gayara aqedanac Tvalze cremlmomdgari bavSvebi ZaRlebiviT knaodnen da iZaxden

mama gvaWameyuradRebas ar aqcevda mere erTianad CaimuWa pirSi bavSvebis mier motanili oxraxuSi da wavida

gadavida tevrSi miwva karga xans isvenebda garetianebuli Tvalgaxiluli mTvlemaviwamoiwia dajdabavSvebis sivili moagondame SevWamebavSvebs araferi vaWameRmerTo ra momividasircxvili xalxs raRa vuTxra vai Tu daixocnenadga mivida bavSvebTanSetruculi bJolis ZirSi migdebuliyvnen eZinaT mama miuwva cremli SeCereboda wamwamze Tavs

ikavebda ar gavaRviZo mainc ra vqeni ra vqeni deda xom ar izamda umcross gamoeRviZa gaukvirda CaaCerda mamas mama wynarad daiwyo bavSvmara Svilo nazad upasuxamTlad SeWame?!mama cota iqneb dagrCa momeci muceli mtkiva ar gagamxelmamas zluquni waskdapatara bavSvsac gaeRviZa mSia mSias ZaxiliTmama wamoiWra ezo gadairbina venaxSi moxvda gabmuli cxvari sZovda axsna gavida xeze dajda bawari

tots magrad miaba maryuJi gamoskvna meore boloSi gasinja kiserze Tu momiWerso da

* * * keTili beberi naTlia ifofreboda RmerTo RmerTo ra dros momaswari ra sacodaoba datrialda

vin mouvlis damSeul oblebs raRa Cems venaxSi raRa Cemi karis ukan Cemi bawriT CamoixrCo Tavi am ojaxqorma brazobda da iwyev-

leboda mezobeli romelsac am SemTxvevis gamo vin icis ra moeloda

II. dasviT mZimeebi:

1. dRes Tanamedrove adamians datvirTuli cxovrebis ritmidan gamomdinare praqtikulad dar-Rveuli aqvs kvebis normaluri da srulfasovani reJimi. amis gamo xSirad uwevs iseTi sakvebis miReba rogoricaa buterbrodi hamburgeri d a. S. unda gaxsovdeT rom drois deficitis gamo swrafad Wama miT ufro fexze dgomiT Zalian mavnebelia organizmisTvis. swrafad Wama upirvelesad azianebs saW-mlis momnelebel sistemas.

2. iseve rogorc calke sityvas xSirad saintereso Tavgadasavali aqvs mTlian gamoTqmas frazas romelsac Cven viyenebT xolme saubris dros an vxvdebiT mxatvrul nawarmoebSi. amgvar gamoTqmebs dakarguli aqvT pirdapiri mniSvneloba da vxmarobT gadataniT xatovnad amitomac maT xatovani an frTiani gamoTqmebi ucxo terminiT idiomebi zogjer kidev figuraluri gamoTqmebi ewodeba

3. organizaciis axali xelmZRvaneli saxelad giorgi gvarad maRalaSvili erovnebiT qarTveli aRniSnul Tanamdebobaze dainiSna 2001 wels. mas umaRlesi ganaTleba aqvs miRebuli saxeldobr daamTavra Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis ekonomikis fakulteti. rogorc warCinebuli stu-denti igi Rebulobda saxelobiT stipendias kerZod ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis stipendias. giorgi maRalaSvili gamoirCeoda kargi discipliniT. maswavleblebi anu leqtorebi mas kargad axasiaTeben. kargi swavlisaTvis man damsaxurebulad miiRo wiTeli diplomi anu warCinebis mowmoba. ese igi igi sruliad Camoyalibebuli da perspeqtiuli specialisti gaxda. Semdgom periodSi man did warmatebebs miaRwia. magaliTad igi orjer iyo arCeuli parlamentis deputatad iyo daniSnuli metad sapasu-xismgeblo Tanamdebobaze. zogadad SeiZleba iTqvas rom igi xasiaTdeba uaRresad dadebiTad.

4. samwuxarod bolo dros imata mozardTa danaSaulebebis ricxvma. upirveles yovlisa es aris

mTeli sazogadoebis problema. Cvenda savalalod amas emateba narkomaniis problema da didi pro-centi umuSevrobisa. ueWvelia am sakiTxze aucileblad unda dafiqrdes yoveli Cvengani. ra Tqma unda arsebobs ramdenime arasamTavrobo organizacia da programebi romlebic axalgazrda Taobis problemebze muSaoben magram rogorc Cans es araa sakmarisi. me rom mkiTxoT amaSi upirveles yov-lisa ojaxis roli unda gaviTvaliswinoT. ojaxs arc meti arc naklebi gadamwyveti roli uWiravs

7

mozardis pirovnebad Camoyalibebis procesSi. rogorc wesi pirovnebis ganviTareba mimdinareobs ojaxSi da sazogadoebaSi. Cveulebriv mozardisaTvis sazogadoebasTan urTierToba skoliT iwyeba. rogorc Cans problemis gadawyvetisaTvis udidesi mniSvneloba eniWeba skolasac. Cemi azriT igi iseT adgilad unda gadaiqces sadac mozardi valdebulebiT ki ar ivlis aramed skola misi cxovrebis ganuyofeli da sasiamovno nawili unda gaxdes.

5. Tqven mowme brZandebiT da yvelaferi marTali unda TqvaT iciT es?_ diax ra Tqma unda_ aba gismenTme Cveulebriv diliT adre vdgebi xolme. rogorc wesi pirs viban vsauzmob da samsaxurSi mivdi-

var. im dResac ase moxda. mogexsenebaT Cemi samsaxuri saxlidan arc ise Sorsaa da rogorc wesi sam-saxurSi fexiT mivdivar. samsaxurs rom mivuaxlovdi karebTan ucxo manqana idga. mas kargad Sevxede da davakvirdi kidec radgan daveWvdi. igi unomro iyo. rogorc cnobilia amgvari ram iSviaTad xdeba. davakvirdi manqanas davinteresdi ase adre ra saqme hqondaT Cvens samsaxurSi ucnob adamianebs. iqi-dan erTi saTvaliani kaci gadmovida da WiSkarSi Sevida. me ukan mivyevi. igi ezoSi Sevida mimoixeda Senobis kuTxisken wavida da SeCerda. etyoba viRacas elodeboda. me rogorc yovelTvis karebisken wavedi SenobaSi Sevedi da Cemi oTaxisken gaveSure. rogorc xSirad xdeba xolme raRac saeWvo da-gainteresebs kidec... Cemi oTaxis fanjridan im kacs davuwye yureba. yvelaferi kargad Canda Cemgan: ezoc kacic da manqanac. saerTod cnobismoyvare var. davinaxe rom im kacs meore kaci isic ucnobi miuaxlovda. karga xans ilaparakes mere saTvaliani gareT daeloda meore ki ukan Sevida Senobidan CanTiT raRac gamoitana saTvalians gadasca raRac uTxra da mere orive erTad gavidnen ezodan. saT-valiani manqanaSi Cajda meore kaci ki quCas aCqarebuli nabijebiT gauyva. ai es vnaxe im dRes diliT adre Cems samsaxurTan.

_ kargi dabrZandiT.sazogadod mowmis Cvenebas iweren da Semdeg is oqms xels awers. mec ase moviqce?_ ra Tqma unda. ai es waikiTxeT da Tu Tqvens monaTxrobs emTxveva aq xeli moawereT.

Cven Tavad vqmniT teqsts.

gaiTvaliswineT, CarTuli sityvebi da gamoTqmebi mZimeebiT gamoiyofa winadadebis sxva wevrebi-sagan, radgan igi mTqmelis damokidebulebas warmoaCens gamonaTqvamisadmi. aqve mocemulia CarTuli sityvebi da gamoTqmebi, gaiTvaliswineT sasveni niSnebis gamoyeneba, amave dros gamoTqviT Tqveni azri raime Temaze da CarTulis gamoyenebiT gamokveTeT Tqveni damokidebuleba ufro mkveTrad. es savarjiSo weriTi kulturis ganviTarebaSic dagexmarebaT.

CarTuli sityvebi da gamoTqmebi mniSvnelobisa da Sinaarsis mixedviT ramdenime jgufad erTi an deba:mTqmeli winadadebiT gamoxatul azrs afasebs rogorc ueWvels, utyuars, namdvil faqts:• ra-sakvirvelia, ra Tqma unda, cxadia, TavisTavad cxadia, ueWvelia, marTlac, tyuilia, me rom mkiTxoT, ramdenadac maxsovs, arc meti arc naklebi, yovel SemTxvevaSi, sul erTia, sul didi, bolosdabolos...winadadebiT gamoTqmuli azi Sefasebulia rogorc varaudi, saeWvo, saTuo an saegebio:• mgoni, mgonia, vgoneb, rogorc Cans, Cans, etyoba, etyoboda, rogorc vatyob, cota ar iyos, Tu ar vcdebi, rogorc vxedav(T), kacma rom Tqvas, vin icis, iqneba, vfiqrob, erTi SexedviT, erTic vnaxoT, vTqvaT, ase Tu ise...CarTuli gamoTqmebi afasebs faqts Cveulebriobis, aRiarebuli WeSmaritebis an ganzogadebis •TvalsazrisiT: Cveulebriv, rogorc wesi, wesis Tanaxmad, rogorc viciT, rogorc cnobilia, rogorc yovelTvis, rogorc xSirad xdeba xolme, saerTod, sazogadod...CarTuli gamoxatavs mTqmelis grZnobas, romelic emociurad afasebs winadadebiT gamoxatul •azrs: samwuxarod, sabednierod, saubedurod, Cvenda sasixarulod, bedad, raRac bedad, ra-Rac eSmakad, RvTiT, RvTis SewevniT, Cemda iRblad, ra vqna, mtrisas...CarTuli miuTiTebs winadadebaSi gamoTqmuli azris wyaros, aRniSnavs, Tu visi kuTvnilebaa igi:• Cemi azriT, Seni azriT, magis azriT, rom ityvian, xalxis TqmulebiT /TqmiT, amboben, rogorc Zvelad ambobdnen, gazeTebis cnobiT, misi / Cemi warmodgeniT...

8

CarTuli gadmocemulia meore piris formiT da xazs usvams winadadebiT gamoTqmul azrs an emo-•cias: nu gagikvirdebaT, warmoidgineT, mogexsenebaT, Tu gnebavT, rogorc getyobaT, rogorc mogexsenebaT, Tqven warmoidgineT, iciT, ase ifiqreT, ase gasinjeT, Sen xar Cemi batoni...CarTuli gamoxatavs mTqmelis damokidebulebas win gamoTqmul azrebTan:• jer erTi, ... meore(c), Tanac, erTi mxriv, ... meore mxriv, pirveli, ...meore, erTi sityviT, amgvarad, ase da amrigad, maSasadame, dasasrul, rogorc vTqviT, rogorc aRvniSneT, rogorc zeviT vTqviT, rogorc zemoT iyo naTqvami, rogorc mogaxseneT, vimeoreb, ase rom, ufro metic, miT umetes, mokled, amasTanave, sxvaTaSoris, maT Soris, sityvaze, magaliTad, piriqiT, samagierod...CarTulia saalerso sityvebi, ficis formulebi:• Seni Wirime, Sen genacvale, Seni kvnesame, Tavs Semogevle, geTayvane, geTayva, dedaSvilobam, Zmobam, Svilosa, RmerTmani, Cemma mzem, Senma mzem, geficebi...

savaraudo Temebi:

me da samyaro.momavali swored dRes iwyebaroca wvims.fiqrebi, fiqrebi...raze ocneboben adamianebi...ocneba da sinamdvile.grZnoba da goneba.narkomania _ eris problemara aris dRes vaJkacoba

Taobebi, Taobebi...yvela Taobis safiqrali...yvela Taobas Tavisi safiqrali aqvs..dRevandeli Taobis mTavari problemaekologia sazogadoebis safiqraliame da sazogadoebame da Cven.me da isini.ra aris adamianis cxovrebis azri

9

jer vgegmavT, Semdeg vwerT...

Tqven ramdenime saxis teqstis Seqmna giwevT; gaqvT raime principi, romliTac qmniT teqsts, magal-iTad eses?

I. teqstis Seqmnamde

rogor iwyebT weras? pirdapir Tu gegmas werT?1.

gaiTvaliswineT, Tu rogor unda weroT ukeTesad:

I. teqstis Seqmnas win unda uZRodes mosamzadebeli periodi da samuSao:kargad gaiazreT saTauri, radgan Tqveni Txzuleba unda upasuxebdes saTaurs; Tqveni •naazrevi logikurad da organulad unda ukavSirdebodes saTaurs; saTauri, faqtobri-vad, umoklesi formiT unda gamoxatavdes teqstSi ganviTarebul mosazrebas.Tu saTauri ara gaqvT mocemuli, magram mogeTxovebaT miTiTebebze pasuxi, CaTvaleT, rom •TiToeuli miTiTeba aris Tqven mier Seqmnili teqstis saTauri da ecadeT, ise ganaviTa-roT msjeloba, rom TiToeuli monakveTi logikurad Seesabamebodes TiToeul miTiTebas;saTauris an davalebis gaazrebis Semdeg dafiqrdiT im masalaze, romelic msjelobis gan-•viTarebisaTvis unda gamoiyenoT. pirvel rigSi, swored masalas mouyareT Tavi da daala-geT igi garkveuli TanmimdevrobiT. gaiTvaliswineT, rom Tanmimdevrulad dalagebuli masala kargi saSualeba gaxdeba mosazrebis sworad da logikurad ganviTarebisaTvis;SeadgineT mcire gegma, romelsac mihyvebiT msjelobisas; gegmis Sedgena saSualebas •mogcemT, kidev dafiqrdeT azris logikurad ganviTarebis procesze da, amasTanave, drou-lad SeZlebT garkveuli cvlilebebi SeitanoT Tqvens msjelobaSi; nu moeridebiT gegmaSi cvlilebebis Setanas manam, sanam TqvenTvis sasurvel daskvnemde logikurad ar mixvalT;gegmis kargad Sedgenis Semdeg SeiZleba daiwyoT wera.•

II. teqstis Seqmna

werT Tu ara Savad?1. fiqrobT Tu ara imaze, ra TanmimdevrobiT unda ganaviTaroT azri Tqvens nawerSi da ra forma 2. unda mouZebnoT Tqvens naazrevs?cdilobT Tu ara Tqven mier Sedgenili teqstis yoveli monakveTi logikurad ukavSirdebodes 3. erTmaneTs?

II. teqstis Seqmnisas ramdenime sakiTxze unda dafiqrdeT:ra tipis teqsts qmniT;•ra saxis stils iyenebT;•ra aris Tqveni mizani;•aviTarebT Tu ara logikurad Tqvens mosazrebas;•Tqveni msjelobidan logikurad gamomdinareobs Tu ara daskvna;•

yoveli tipis teqsti ZiriTadad sami nawilisagan Sedgeba:Sesavali1. ZiriTadi nawili2. daskvna3.

yovel nawilSi azri logikurad unda iyos ganviTarebuli.

Sesaval nawilSi1. Tqven unda ecadoT Tavidanve gamokveToT Tqveni saTqmeli da amisTanave unda SearCioT Seasaferisi stili (mxatvruli, samecniero, publicisturi)ZiriTad nawilSi2. unda ganaviTaroT msjeloba, daasabuToT Tqveni mosazreba da gaamyaroT igi konkretuli teqstidan moyvanili citatebiT an sxva, Tqven mier moZiebuli argumen-tebiT;daskvniT nawilSi3. unda SeajamoT Tqveni msjeloba da kidev erTxel gamoxatoT Tqveni mosazreba gansaxilvel sakiTxze.

10

III. teqstis damuSaveba da misTvis saboloo saxis micema

gadaikiTxavT Tu ara xolme Tqvens nawers dasrulebis Semdeg? 1. SegaqvT Tu ara Casworebebi? ZiriTadad ra saxis Casworebebs akeTebT?2. Sesworebebis Semdeg xelaxla gadawerT Tu ara teqsts? ucvlelad gadaitanT Tu gadaweris 3. procesSi kidev axdenT Sesworebas?

III. teqstis saboloo variantis Seqmnisas gaiTvaliswineT:kargad gadaikiTxeT Tqven mier Seqmnili teqsti;•kidev erTxel gadaxedeT gegmas, SeamowmeT, gaiTvaliswineT Tu ara igi srulad;•kidev erTxel daukvirdiT, miaRwieT Tu ara im mizans, rac SesavalSi gamokveTeT, anu msjelo-•bisas gaiTvaliswineT Tu ara saTauri an miTiTebebi?daukvirdiT, SeZeliT Tu ara mkiTxvelisTvis srulad, udanakargod migewodebinaT Tqveni •mosazreba; Tu ara, SeecadeT daumatoT raime teqsts;Tamamad gamoTqviT Tqveni mosazrebebi da Tqveni damokidebuleba; amisaTvis SearCieT enob-•rivi saSualebebi (gaixseneT sakuTari damokidebulebis gamomxatveli formebi _ CarTuli);ecadeT, ar gadauxvioT saTqmels da dasabuTebisas sxva mimarTulebiT ar ganaviTaroT •msjeloba, es uaryofiTad aisaxeba Tqven mier Seqmnil teqstze;ecadeT, weroT martivad da naTlad; rTuli an zedmetad vrceli winadadebebi stilur nak-•lad iTvleba;daukvirdiT, logikurad da Tanmimdevrulad ganaviTareT Tu ara msjeloba? Tu ara, Seeca-•deT Sav variantSi SeitanoT mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi;teqstis gadakiTxvis Semdeg SegiZliaT gadaSaloT romelime winadadeba an Camatebis aRniS-•vniT daumatoT axali mosazreba;

aqvea warmodgenili enobrivi saSualebebi, romlebic SeiZleba gamoiyenoT teqstSi (Cven mxolod savaraudod gamosayenebel ramdenime frazas gTavazobT). girCevT, msjeloba ise ganaviTaroT, rom Tqveni individualuri xedva Candes, amisaTvis ar moeridoT Tundac SekiTxvis dasmas da pasuxs; sa-pirispiro mosazrebis Cvenebas da mis kritikul analizs, varaudis gamoTqmas da Semdeg dasabuTebas, sxvaTa mosazrebis uaryofas Tqveni dasabuTebuli msjelobiT, cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebis damowme-bas...

Sesaval nawilSi SevecdebiT vimsjeloT... Cveni mizania...nawarmoebis mTavari ideaa... mocemuli monakve-

Tis mTavari Temaa...

ZiriTad nawilSi Cveni mosazrebis dasamtkiceblad SeiZleba ga-vixsenoT... mivyveT msjelobas... jer erTi... meo-rec.... SeiZleba vifiqroT... problema me amgvarad mesaxeba... rogor SeiZleba avxsnaT es?... yurad-Rebamisaqcevia is garemoeba, rom... sainteresoa, rom.... safiqrebelia, rom... me maxsendeba... paralelis gavleba SeiZleba... sakiTxi SeiZleba davukavSiroT...

daskvniT nawilSi rogorc ukve aRvniSneT... daskvnis saxiT SeiZ-leba iTqvas... sabolood SeiZleba iTqvas... dasas-rul, SeiZleba iTqvas... aRniSnul sakiTxze Cveni azri aseTia... Cven vfiqrobT, rom... amrigad... ase rom, ...

aqve SemogTavazebT zogierTi saxis teqstis Seqmnis principebs.

I. daxasiaTebiTi ese daxasiaTebis tipis teqsti iqmneba nawarmoebis personaJis daxasiaTebis mizniT. amgvar eseSi teqs-

tis Semqmnelis, anu avtoris, mizania gansazRvros personaJis xasiaTi, misi roli nawarmoebSi da saku-Tari damokidebuleba am personaJisadmi. gTavazobT sakiTxebis CamonaTvals, romelic dagexmarebaT am tipis eses SeqmnaSi (mocemuli sakiTxebi survilisamebr SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT, araa aucilebeli yvela punqtis TanmimdevrobiT gaTvaliswineba).

11

personaJi

vinaoba;garegnoba, damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi;warmomavloba;xasiaTi;xasiaTis gamovlinebebi;personaJis roli epizodSi an nawarmoebSi;urTierToba sxva gmirebTan;gmiris cnobierebaSi momxdari cvlileba da am cvlilebis analizi;avtoriseuli damokidebuleba personaJisadmi;sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxatva personaJisadmi;personaJis Sefaseba;paraleli sakuTari cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebidan;daskvna-Sejameba.

II. analitikuri ese

ese aris piradi damokidebulebis gamoxatva raime sakiTxisadmi. amdenad, analitikur eseSi didi mniSvneloba eniWeba avtoriseuli mosazrebis warmodgenas da dasabuTebas. eses werisas ecadeT iyoT Tanmimdevruli da Tamamad gamoTqviT Tqveni mosazrebebi.

gaiTvaliswineT Semdegi sakiTxebi:ratom werT am Temaze? gaqvT Tqveneuli damokidebuleba / problemis gadaWris Tqveneuli 1. xedva?xom ar gaxsendebaT raime originaluri azri an gamonaTqvami gansaxilvel sakiTxebTan dakavSi-2. rebiT, an Tqven xom ar gifiqriaT am Temaze; mokled, magram originalurad gamoTqviT Tqveni mosazreba.ZiriTad nawilSi warmoadgineT mopovebuli masalis ganxilva-analizi an Tqveni azri logikuri 3. TanmimdevrobiT; ras fiqrobT gansaxilvel sakiTxze da ratom fiqrobT ase?riT SegiZliaT Tqveni mosazrebis dasabuTeba (SegiZliaT moixmoT da gansaxilvel sakiTxs 4. daukavSiroT raime citata, gaixsenoT filmi, gamoCenili adamianis cxovreba an Semoqmedeba, aseve SegiZliaT gamoTqvaT mosazreba Tqveni cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebis gaTvaliswinebiT da daukavSiroT igi gansaxilvel sakiTxs) SeajameT Tqven mier ganviTarebuli msjeloba da logikurad gamoiyvaneT daskvna; daskvnac, 5. iseve rogorc Sesavali, unda iyos mokle, lakoniuri, originaluri da tevadi, igi unda iyos logikuri Sejameba msjelobisa da aseve naTlad unda avlendes Tqvens damokidebulebas.

III. referati

referati aris samecniero xasiaTis naSromi, misi stili, Sesabamisad, samecnieroa. referatSi ganixileba sxva mecnierTa mosazrebebi gansaxilvel sakiTxze da gamoTqmulia referatis avtoris damokidebuleba rogorc aRniSnuli sakiTxisadmi, aseve samecniero literaturaSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebebisadmi. referatic sami nawilisagan Sedgeba (Sesavali, ZiriTadi nawili, daskvna).

referatis Seqmnisas SegiZliaT mihyveT gegmas

gansaxilveli sakixis [mecnieruli] mniSvnelobagansaxilvev sakiTxze arsebuli [samecniero] literaturis mokle mimoxilva;Tqven mier mopovebuli masalis klasifikaciis principebi (anu rogor da ratom warmoadgineT ase

masala, ra principiT xelmZRanelobdiT);masalis analizi;daskvna-analizi;

IV. recenzia

recenzia aris literaturuli an samecniero xasiaTis naSromis, kinofilmis, speqtaklis kriti-kuli analizi, garCeva-ganxilva. recenzia SeiZleba iyos dadebiTi da uaryofiTi. recenziis avtori gamoxatavs Tavis obieqtur damokidebulebas gansaxilveli naSromisadmi. recenzia Semdegi gegmiT SeiZleba aigos:

12

gansaxilveli naSromisa da avtoris dasaxeleba;gansaxilveli naSromis aRwera;naSromis dadebiTi mxareebis gamokveTa;SeniSvnebi naSromze;keTilganwyobili rCevebi da survilebi.

SemogTavazebT analitikuri esesa da recenziis nimuSebs. nimuSebze dakvirvebac dagexmarebaT ima-Si, rom Tqven Tavad SeqmnaT am tipis teqstebi:

erovnuli da dasavluri

kamaTi ideologiis Sesaxeb, romelic qarTul sazogadoebaSi mimdinareobs, cxadyofs raRac Zalian mniSvnelovanis ararsebobas Tu ukmarisobas Cvens cxovrebaSi (rasakvirvelia, igulisxmeba, rom es ar aris materialuri ram).

vfiqrobT, rom es `raRac~, rasac kamaTis monawileTa nawili `erovnul ideologias~ uwodebs, si-namdvileSi aris mkafio nacionaluri TviTidentifikacia, TviTgageba _ eris mier sakuTari arsebis da yofierebis sazrisis pozitiuri xedva, samyaroSi Tavisi daniSnulebis, mowodebis gansazRvra.

es ki dakargulia da iqmneba vakuumi, romlis arsebobac gansakuTrebiT xelisSemSlelia da saxifa-Toc aris maSin, roca axali saxelmwifo fuZndeba.

qarTulma nacionalurma TviTgagebam Cvens saukuneSi ararealisturi xasiaTi SeiZina da sinamd-vilis mier mowyobil uSeRavaTo Semowmebas ver gauZlo. es, erTi mxriv, erovnul nihilizms aCens, magram, meore mxriv, imis SesaZleblobas iZleva, rom Camoyalibdes axali erovnuli TviTcnobiereba _ realobis mkvidr niadagze, sicruis da Tavismotyuebis gareSe.

individma SeiZleba mTeli cxovreba pesimisturad Tu nihilisturad ganwyobilma galios, magram sazogadoeba Tavisi bunebiT optimisturi msoflmxedvelobisken mswrafvelia. mas usaTuod esaWiroe-ba pozitiuri mrwamsi, faseulobebi da Tu arsebobis gagrZelebis neba da Zala aqvs, adre Tu gvian moipovebs kidec maT.

Cven zogjer gvgonia, rom dasavluri civilizacia totalurad urwmuno da nihilisturia. Tumca am civilizacias marTlac aqvs Tavisi seriozuli problemebi, magram safuZvlad dadebuli WeSma-ritebebi dasavluri sazogadoebis didi umravlesobis mier organulad aris SeTvisebuli. kerZod, is, rom saxelmwifos demokratiuli, kanonis uzenaesobaze damyarebuli wyoba yvelaze samarTliani da nayofieria; rom azrTa da poziciaTa mravalferovneba, pluralizmi bunebrivi da aucileblia; rom pirovnebis Tavisufleba, Rirseba xelSeuxebelia da mas unda hqondes saSualeba TviTon gan-sazRvros Tavisi msoflmxedveloba, cxovrebis wesi, gamoavlinos Tavisi unari da SesaZleblobebi... dasavlur samyaroSi es WeSmaritebebi da faseulobebi rom ar wamdeT, maT cocxlad rom ar ganic-didnen, am samyaros didi xania kraxi ar acdeboda.

CvenTvis es faseulobebi ucnobi ar aris, magram maT ver SeiZines iseTi mimzidveloba, rom rwmenis sagnad iqcnen, sasicocxlo Zalebis momcemi, qmediTi eTnosi warmoSvan. cxadia, amas Tavisi mizezebi aqvs. maT Soris erT-erTi mTavari, albaT, is aris, rom Zveli, sabWoTa sistemis daSla ganxorcielda imis Sedegad, rasac uwodeben `revolucias zemodan~ da sazogadoebaSi axali faseulobebi, maTi dam-kvidrebis moTxovnileba Sinaganad, spontanurad ar aRmocenebula da momwifebula... amitom gveCve-neba, rom Tavs gvaxveven raRac Cvens arsebasTan sruliad SeuTavsebels da ucxos.

sinamdvileSi dasavlur faseulobebs da qarTuli kulturis Rrma tendenciebs Soris garkveuli Tanxmiereba arsebobs da amis aqcentirebac aris saWiro, raTa axalma Rirebulebrivma orientirebma Cvens sazogadoebaSi sicocxlisunarianoba moipovon.

is, rac qarTuli kulturis SuagulSia ganfenili da rasac SeuZlia ̀ Soreuli~ faseulobebi CvenT-vis axlobeli gaxados, aris humanizmi, msoflgageba, romelmac dasavlur samyaroSi es faseulobebi Camoayaliba. qarTul msoflxedvaSi arsebiTia adamianis umaRlesi faseulobis da Rirsebis intensiuri gancda, ndoba adamianis keTili bunebis da SemoqmedebiTi SesaZleblobebisadmi, rwmena, rom samyaro adamianis bednierebisTvis aris Seqmnili... qarTuli kulturis humanizmi Tavis yvelaze TvalsaCino gamovlinebebSi Taviseburi personalizmis saxes iZens _ pirovnebis srulyofili TviTganxorciele-baa samyaros arsebobis gamarTleba da mizani; pirovnebaa is Zala, romelic samyaros gardaqmnas, srulqmnas eswrafvis; pirovnebaSi ibadeba WeSmaritebis Suqi, romelic sinamdvilis harmonias Tu dis-harmonias naTels fens; pirovnebis siRrmiseul miswrafebebTan SesabamisobiT an SeusabamobiT gani-zomeba saxelmwifos da sazogadoebis namdvili fasi; samyaroSi moqmed tlanq, qvena Zalebs SeiZleba daupirispirdes mxolod pirovnebaTa solidaroba, TviTmyofad pirovnebaTa polifoniuri ansambli; amqveynad umSvenieresia gansxvavebul pirovnebaTa namdvili komunikacia, dialogi da daaxloeba, maTi unari, daZlion siucxove da gaigon sxvisi ganumeorebeli Tavisebureba, sxvisi Tvalsazrisi da si-marTle... ase ikveTeba qristianobaze dayrdnobili qarTuli nacionaluri msoflmxedveloba ori yvelaze mniSvnelovani qarTveli epikosi mwerlis, rusTavelis da vaJa-fSavelas SemoqmedebaSi da am msoflmxedvelobis anabeWdebi metnaklebad Cveni kulturis sxva Rirebul nimuSebsac emCneva.

13

Cveni azriT, daaxloebiT amgvari ram SeiZleba warmovidginoT `erovnuli ideologiis~ Sinaarsad da ara gaqvavebul SexedulebaTa, dogmaTa, yalb miTologemaTa mZime bloki. da kidev, humanizmi moicavs patriotizmsac, romelic Tavisi arsiT swored humanisturi, adamianuri Rirsebis grZnobis ganmamtkicebeli fenomenia, pirovnebis srulyofili TviTrealizebis erT-erTi zneobrivi sayrdenia da damoukidebeli nacionaluri saxelmwifos, rogorc Seucvleli humanistur-zneobrivi faseulo-bis aRiarebas gulisxmobs.

oRond ar arsebobs araviTari saWiroeba, yovelive amas ideologiis, miTumetes saxelmwifo ideologiis Selaxuli da usiamovno asociaciebis aRmZvreli cneba davukavSiroT. es cneba ar esa-dageba erovnuli TviTSegnebis, TviTidentifikaciis aRdgena-ganaxlebas, imis gaazrebas, rom huma-nizmi Cveni erovnuli msoflgagebis birTvia, rom Cveni ideali humanuri, pirovnebis primatis damam-kvidrebeli qarTuli sazogadoeba da saxelmwifoa. dRes am ideals tragikulad varT daSorebuli.

humanizmis xelaxali aRmoCena dasavluri faseulobis damkvidrebasac niSnavs, radgan igi Cvens erovnul msoflmxedvelobasac udevs safuZvlad da dasavlursac. Cven imdenad SevinarCunebT TviT-myofad nacionalur sulier wyobas, ramdenadac SevZlebT humanizmis aRorZinebas da Tu aseTi ram marTla moxdeba, imavdroulad es iqneba dasavleTTan namdvili, siRrmiseuli da ara zedapiruli daaxloeba.

Tamaz vasaZe

Cveni upirvelesi sazrunavi(recenzia)

gamovida Suqia afridoniZis `Cveni ena qarTuli~ _ samecniero-popularuli xasiaTis naSromi, romelic qarTuli saliteraturo enis normalizaciis sakiTxebs eZRvneba. naSroms safuZvlad dae-do avtoris yovelkvireuli xuTwuTiani satelevizio saubrebi, romlebic saqarTvelos televiziis pirveli arxiT (rubrikiT `Cveni ena qarTuli~) gadaica 1998-1999 wlebSi.

satelevizio saubrebi miznad isaxavda enobrivi Secdomebis aRmofxvras da amiT zepiri Tu weriTi metyvelebis kulturis donis amaRlebas mosaxleobis farTo fenebSi.

saubrebis Temad SerCeuli iyo Cvens sinamdvileSi farTod fexmokidebuli tipobrivi enobrivi Secdoma-uzustobani. axsnilia araswor formaTa warmoSobis mizezebi da reklamis saxiT mowodebu-lia swori variantebi.

wignSi Tematurad mravalferovani masalaa warmodgenili. amis naTel ilustraciad sarCevisaTvis Tvalis gadavlebac ikmarebs. msjelobis sagnad aris qceuli qarTuli saliteraturo enis funqcion-irebasTan dakavSirebuli sadReisod yvelaze aqtualuri sakiTxebi marTlweris, gramatikis, leqsika-frazeologiisa Tu stilistikis sferodan.

samsjavrod gamotanili yvela sakiTxi, rogorc erTi jaWvis calkeuli rgoli, Tavisi daniSnulebiT erTnairad Rirebuli da mniSvnelovania, magram amjerad garkveuli mosazrebiT mainc gamov yofdiT ucxo sityvaTa qarTulad gadmocemis sakiTxs _ marad Zvelsa da marad axal problemas, romelic axali enobrivi kontaqtebis Sedegad ucxo sityvaTa moZalebisa da tradiciul RirebulebaTa gada-fasebis kvalobaze drodadro axali Tu Soreuli sazRvargareTis qveynebTan saqarTvelos farTo kulturuli da ekonomikuri urTierTobebis gamo qarTvelebs swored es problema gvidgas _ sain-formacio saSualebebi aWrelebulia alternatiuli formebiT: tineijeri da Tineijeri, sertifikati da serTifikati, klintoni da qlinToni, kvota da qvota, kvorumi da qvorumi... paraleluri xmareba SeiniSneba geografiul saxelebSic: TaTreTi da TaTarstani, moldaveTi da moldova, yalmuxeTi da kalmikia, belorusia da belarusi da misT. samarTlianoba moiTxovs iTqvas, rom Tu ara Suqia afri-doniZis farTo saenaTmecniero ganswavluloba da Rrma mecnieruli xedva, gaWirdeboda modur gata-cebaTagan Tavis dacva da tradiciiT ganmtkicebuli mwiri enobrivi poziciebis SenarCuneba.

naSromis specifikisa da Tavdapirveli mizandasaxulobidan gamomdinare, am mcire moculobis ganakveTebSi, romlebic damoukidebel Tema-statiebs warmoadgenen, ar aris da arc SeiZleboda yo-filiyo sakiTxTan dakavSirebuli farTo mecnieruli msjeloba saTanado terminologiiT. Tumca yoveli ganakveTi mecnieruli kvlevis Sedegebs emyareba. aq warmodgenil TiTqmis yvela sakiTxs zurgs umagrebs maRal mecnierul doneze Sesrulebuli da specialurnormatiuli daniSnulebis samecniero gamocemebSi gamoqveynebuli gamokvlevebi. sagangebod SevniSnavT, rom maTi mniSvnelovani nawili enis normalizaciis sferoSi uSualod Suqia afridoniZis mravalwliani nayofieri muSaobis Sedegia.

yoveli ganakveTi erTi principiTaa agebuli _ erT standartul CarCosaa misadagebuli. rac meTo-dologiuri TvalsazrisiT sarecenzio naSromis udavo Rirsebad unda CaiTvalos.

standartuli saTauri da qvesaTauri erTmaneTs avsebs da faqtobrivad sakiTxTan dakavSirebul mTel informacias moicavs: saTauriT vigebT, ra sakiTxi daismis: qvesaTauriT vigebT, enobriv prob-lemaTa romel sferos ganekuTvneba dasmuli sakiTxi. da kidev: saTauriTve vigebT, alternatiul formaTagan (romelic Tu an da kavSirebiT arian dawyvilebuli) romelia swori, kerZod, am naSromSi gatarebuli wesis Tanaxmad, Tu kavSiriT dawyvilebul formaTagan (mag.: liriuli Tu lirikuli?)

14

sworia marjvena mxares Tu kavSiris Semdeg warmodgenili forma (lirikuli). xolo da kavSiriT dawyvilebuli formebi (mag.: moTxovna da moTxovnileba) orive sworia, oRond gansxvavebulia maTi moxmarebis sferoebi. Secdomis wyaro xdeba maTi erTsa da imave konteqstebSi monacvleoba.

ase rom, mkiTxvelTa didi nawili `pirvelad saswrafo saenaTmecniero daxmarebas~ da TavisTvis aucilebel da sakmaris informacias sruliad umtkivneulod ukve saTaurebiTa da qvesaTaurebiT miiRebs, rac masobriv mkiTxvelze gaTvlili sacnobaro xasiaTis naSromis kidev erT Rirsebad gve-saxeba.

naSromi Seicavs erTgvar praqtikul siaxlesac: yovel ganakveTs axlavs damoukidebeli savarjiSo _ 10-20 winadadebis Semcveli testi, da rac aseve sasiamovno siaxlea, naSroms bolos testebis pa-suxebic erTvis. es dainteresebul pirs SesaZleblobas miscems sxvisi _ konsultantis daxmarebis gareSe Seamowmos Tavisi codna.

kidev erTi sasiamovno siaxle _ TvalsaCinoebis SesaniSnavi nimuSi, romelsac televiziasTan Semo-qmedebiT kontaqtebs unda vumadlodeT _ aris sakiTxze msjelobis dasasruls `reklamis wesiT~ _ msxvili SriftiT mowodebuli swori formebi (sxvaTa Soris, gamomcemlebs am TvalsazrisiT ufro meti SemoqmedebiTi iniciativa rom gamoeCinaT, efeqti gacilebiT ufro STambeWdavi iqneboda).

sagangebo aRniSvnis Rirsia damaintrigebeli kiTxva-pasuxebi da rekomendaciebi, romlebic mkiTx-vels msjelobis monawiled aqcevs da mas naSromis avtorTan kontaqtisa da TanamSromlobis sa-siamovno iluzias uqmnis. `maS rogorRa gavarCioT swori formebi arasworisgan?~ _ daismis kiTxva. `sul martivad~ _ aris pasuxi da pasuxad ki _ wesi. saocrad martivi. advilad dasamaxsovrebeli da aseve advilad mosaxmari; an kidev: `imis Semowmeba, Tu sad romeli daboloeba unda vixmaroT, Zalze advilia...~ _ da mowodebulia rekomendacia, romelic marTla Zalze advilia: miTiTeba xdeba tradi-ciul, Zvalsa da rbilSi gamjdar iseT formaze, romlis sxvagvarad xmareba warmoudgenelia. arcTu iSviaTad swori formebis gamosacnobad `aratradiciuli~ meTodebi _ martivi `Sinauruli recepte-bic~ aris SemoTavazebuli.

simartivis es gancda da sakiTxTan gaSinaurebis SesaZlebloba ki, Cveni Rrma rwmeniT, mSobliuri enis mimarT bevr gulgril mkiTxvelsac daainteresebs da moizidavs, rac Cvens sinamdvileSi aranak-leb mniSvnelovani da dasafasebelia.

rogorc iTqva, Tavdapirveli mizandasaxulobiT jer satelevizio saubrebi, Semdeg ki wigni, mosax-leobis farTo fenebze iyo orientirebuli. amitom savsebiT gasagebi mizezebis gamo specialuri samecniero terminologia SezRudulad iqna gamoyenebuli.

`Cveni ena qarTuli~ keTil mrCevlad da sando megzurad gamoadgeba maswavleblebsa da moswav-leebs, presis, radiosa da televiziis muSakebs _ faqtobrivad maT, visac xelT upyria saliteraturo enis sadaveebi da vinc aminds qmnis Cvens sulier cxovrebaSi. igi didad Seuwyobs xels mSobliuri enis wiaRSi wvdomas da metyvelebis kulturis donis amaRlebas.

dasasrul, ar SeiZleba yuradRebis miRma darCes miZRvniTi striqoni, romelsac simboluri mniS-vneloba aqvs da romelSic naSromis avtoris ukeTilSobilesi mizania gacxadebuli. sacnauria, rom wigni eZRvneba saqarTvelos momavals _ `Cveni skolis gogo-biWebs _ yvela anosa da vanos _ dedaenis momaval qomagebsa da guSagebs~.

WeSmaritad, Cven patara eris Svilebi varT da, Tu ara yvela anosa da yvela vanos gamZafrebuli erovnuli TviTSegneba da gacnobierebuli, mizanmimarTuli saerTo Zalisxmeva, albaT gagviWirdeba Cveni qveynisa da Cveni enisaTvis pativisa da Rirsebis SenarCuneba.

viola kalandaZe (`burji erovnebisa~ 2003 #1-2)

Cven Tavad vqmniT teqsts

I. dawereT ese:ra aris literatura.

II. dawereT recenzia:axlaxan nanax filmze;axlaxan wakiTxul wignze;romelime telegadacemis Sesaxeb;Tqveni Tanaklaselis eseze;

15

eniT gamoxatuli samyaro

frazeologia

yoveli eri enis meSveobiT aRiqvams samyaros da eniT gamoxatavs Tavis damokidebulebas sam-

yarosadmi. enis Rrma codna swored am aRqmis floba da gaTavisebaa.

1. qvemoT moyvanilia winadadebebi qarTuli literaturidan. CasviT Sesaferisi frazeologizmi

winadadebaSi da ganmarteT TiToeuli maTgani.

erT uRelSi Sebmulanairia monasteri devi yuriT ar dauWeriaT eSmakis kerZad ar gamxado gadaubrunda fexi ainunSiac aravin mosdis qaTmebis Sesxdomis drom moaRwiaaxali cocxia da kargad hgviso

bevrs soflis sapatarZlo qalebs Tvali darCeniaT giorgize... giorgis ki ------------------------1. ------------------------------------- . (ilia)yvela-yvela da amaRam vaxSmad ra gvaqvs? _ erTs saRamos luarsabma Tavis meuRles hkiTxa, 2. roca --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- . (ilia)gasWra Rvinom, ---------------------------------------------------------------, yvela mReroda, yvela 3. cekvavda. (v. barnovi)-------------------------------------------------------------------, ambobdnen dacinviT zogierTni axals 4. mojamagirezed. (ilia)mayaSvili TeiranSi iyo gamozrdili ymawvilobidanve da erT dros didi adgilic eWira sasa-5. xlis karze, magram cota rameze ------------------------------------------------------------- da Serisxu-

li gamoistumres Tavisi qveynisaken. (akaki)marTalia -------------------------------------------------------- siZe-colisZmas, magram bevrjer ki kar-6. gi samsaxuri gauwies imereTs. (akaki)eh, rac aris, aris... -------------------------------------------------------------, mkvdars damiurve, mipa-7. troneo. (ilia)ager ukve oci welia, rac luarsabi da darejani -----------------------------------------------. (ilia)8.

2. daawyvileT frazeologizmi mis ganmartebasTan:

wylidan mSralad amovida. pirSi Calas gamoavlebs. gulidan amoiglejs. guli eubneba. kriWas

Seikravs. yelSi danas gamousvams. guli gadaubrunda. pirSi burTs CaCris. gulze daawva. lelos

gaitans. gulze cecxli moekida. guli gadaayola. sityva banze aagdo.

gaaCumebs. Tavi moxerxebulad daiZvrina. gaerTo. dadumdeba. mizans miaRwevs. saubris Tema gan-

zrax Secvala. daiviwyebs. gabrazda. daRupavs. SeeSinda. grZnobs. dadardianda. moatyuebs.

3. SemoxazeT swori ganmarteba:damwvarze mduRare gadaesxa1. _ 1. daiRupa; 2. erT ubedurebas meore daemata; 3. gaRatakda.daRis dasma2. _ 1. damCneva; 2. galamazeba; 3. dauSnoveba.eklis gvirgvini 3. _ 1. didi garja; 2. didi nebisyofa; 3. didi tanjva.zurgis Cveneba4. _ 1. laCroba; 2. gabrazeba; 3. uaris Tqma.Tvalis gadavleba5. _ 1. Sexedva; 2. gadaTvaliereba; 3. gaanalizeba.kbilebSi ofli adina6. _ 1. gaabraza; 2. gaamxiarula; 3. cudi dRe daayena.mWadi gatexilia7. _ 1. sufra gawyobilia; 2. saqme gakeTebulia; 3. saqme gafuWebulia, gamokeTeba

aRar SeiZleba,pirSi burTis CaCra8. _ 1. gaoceba; 2. gaCumeba; 3. aRSfoTeba.sisxlis gaSroba9. _ 1. daavadmyofeba; 2. feris Secvla; 3. Tavis mobezreba.qancis gawyveta _ 10. 1. Zalian daRla; 2. moTminebis dakargva; 3. imedis gadawurva.qeris ormoSi Cavardna11. _ 1. daRupva; 2. gamarTleba; 3. gaWirveba.

16

qvasac ki wyals gamoadens12. _ 1. Suriania; 2. moxerxebulia; 3. Ronieria;Sens qerqSi iyavi 13. _ 1. rac gaqvs, imas dasjerdi; 2. rac ginda, is gaakeTe; 3. Sens ojaxs mixede.Cailuris wyali dalia14. _ 1. Sors wavida; 2. ukvalod daikarga; 3. dakmayofilda.Carxi ukuRma datrialda15. _ 1. saqme cudad wavida; 2. axali ram daiwyo; 3. saqme swrafad wavida.cas epotineba16. _ 1. ampartavnobs; 2. uxaria; 3. SeSinebulia.welSi gamarTva17. _ 1. gaizarda; 2. gamaRlda; 3. gamdidrda. xelis gamarTva18. _ 1. daxmareba; 2. gacnoba; 3. misalmeba.jvris zidva19. _ 1. wmindad cxovreba; 2. tanjvis gaZleba; 3. sixarulis gancda.jibidan gavardnili _ 20. 1. TavzexelaRebuli; 2. dakarguli; 3. gaRaribebuli;

4. bibliam udidesi gavlena iqonia kacobriobis azrovnebaze, rac frazeologizmebSic aisaxa. qve-moT mocemulia swored aseTi frazeologiuri gamoTqmebi. daukavSireT erTmaneTs frazeologia da ganmarteba:

1. abraamis batkani/ mama abramis batkani a. uxvi sufra

2. abraamis tabla b. samagieros gadaxda, angariSsworeba

3. adamis Jamis g. udanaSaulo, ubralo

4. adamis Svili d. wameba, dausrulebeli tanjva

5. gankiTxvis dRe e. sxvis magier pasuxismgebeli

6. geenia, geeniis cecxli v. usazRvro moTmineba, didi tanjvis gancda

7. golgoTa z. Zalze moxuci (iron.)

8. edemi T. moRalate

9. gantevebis vaci i. didi xnis, ZvelisZveli

10. Tvali Tvalisa wil, kbili kbilisa wil k. moRalate, gamcemi, daundobeli

11. iobis moTmineba l. gasamrjelo RalatisTvis

12. iuda m. pasuxisgebis, gasamarTlebis dro

13. iudas ambori n. adamiani, romelsac veraferSi daajereb

14. iudas kerZi o. uzarmazari saTavso, Senoba, nageboba

15. maTusalas xnisa p. adamiani, sulieri arseba

16. ocdaaTi vercxli J. uyuradRebod datovebuli mowodeba, rCeva

17. noes kidobani r. Ralati, gamcemloba

18. puri Cveni arsobisa s. saukuno netarebis adgili

19. urwmuno Toma t. uzomo tanjva, ubedureba

20. xma mRaRadeblisa udabnosa Sina u. arsebobisaTvis aucilebeli rame, saarsebo moTxovnilebis sagani

5. SeadgineT frazeologizmebis gamoyenebiT winadadebebi. nimuSi:kidev Zalian bevri ram mindoda meTqva, magram, samwuxarod, Cemi naTqvami kvlav darCeba xmad mRa-

Radeblisa udabnosa Sina.

6. zogierTi frazeologizmis Seqmnas miTologiuri azrovneba udevs safuZvlad. mouZebneT fraze-ologiur gamoTqmas swori ganmarteba:

1.aqilevsis qusli a. rTuli mdgomareobidan TavdasaRwevi saSu-aleba

17

2.ariadnes Zafi b. mosalodneli saSiSroeba, moaxloebuli sa-frTxe

3. gordias naskvi g. tkbilxmovaneba

4. damokles maxvili d. visime susti mxare, susti adgili

5. diogenes farani e. didi SiSi

6. eolosis qnari v. metad rTuli da daxlarTuli sakiTxi

7. prokrustes sareceli z. usargeblo Sroma

8. sizifes Sroma T. xangrZlivi davisa da usiamovnebis gamomwve-vi mizezi

9. ganxeTqilebis vaSli i. Znelad sapovnelis Zieba, WeSmaritebis Zie-ba

10. panikuri SiSi k. Seuferebeli sazomi, romelic aravis argia da mxolod ziani moaqvs

7. SeadgineT winadadebebi zemoT mocemuli mocemuli frazeologizmebis gamoyenebiT;nimuSi:afxazeTi da samaCablo karga xania iqca ruseT-saqarTvelos urTierTobaSi ganxeTqilebis

vaSlad.

8. mocemulia ori jgufi frazeologizmebisa. ipoveT da daawyvileT msgavsi mniSvnelobis frazeologizmebi:

arafrad agdebsvarskvlavebs eTamaSebaxma gakminda grZeli dRe ar aqvs pirSi wyals Caigubebsmagrad dgasleCaqis daxurvamzis dabnelebapirSi Calis gamovleba bednieri dRe gauTenda suli misdisukan daxeva ukanasknel sisxlis wveTamde fexze dadgoma saRerRelis aSla sulis daleva sulis gatvrenasulis ganabva qva qvaze ar datova talaxSi amosvra Tqveni Wiri waiRo sulma wasZlia

moTmineba ver eyoaras dagidevsav Tvals ar enaxebanacartutad aqciasaxelis gatexvafexis mokidebamadis gaRviZebasulis amoxdomaxmis gakmendaCaabara suli ufalsqudis moxdasanam Zal-Rone Seswevssulis gatvrenakrinti ar daZrasicocxles gamosalmebacarielze dasmasamoTxis kari gaeRomoTminebis fiala aevsoganzraxvaze xelis aRebaam qveyanas aRaraaxmas gakmendsjorze Sejda da aRar Camodis

9. amoiwereT winadadebebidan frazeologizmebi, daalageT isini anbanis mixedviT da ganmarteT:

TiTqmis ocdaaTi weliwadia mag dedakaczed guli Sevardnili hqonia, jer gasaTxovari yofila, 1. uTxovnia, magram dauwuniaT. (ilia)codna uZleveli faria arsebobisaTvis, Tu magaSi fexi gavidgiT, Tu magaSi win wavdeqiT, Cveni 2. Rone amoxeTqs magar fesvebs. (ilia)Tavi wagvWama me da xeripss: gamagebineT vin ariso misoust? (k. gamsax.)3.

18

Seni saxeli enaze madgia, guls mawveba warmosaTqmelad. (n. lorTq.)4. rac giTxariT, daixsomeT da guda-nabadi aikariT!. (m. javax.)5. imas egona, rom onises didi xani iyo, rac gulidan amoeRo da gadaegdo, daeviwyebina. (yazb.)6. soflis dedakacobas xom ufro eSinoda oTaraanT qvrivisa. vai imas, visac usaqmod moaswrebda 7. xolme, Zirianad amoiRebda, Zirianad mosTxrida. (ilia)wignebis gayidvis jeri rom movida, Teimurazma mxolod maSin igrZno da gaigo, rom igi karga 8. xania Seudga Tavis golgoTas, romlis mwvervali, Savi nisliT daxuruli, jer arc ki moCanda. (m. javax.)ase gorozoben arzayan da TaraSi, did mojiriTeebad Tavi moaqvT. (k. gams.)9. droa niRabi avxadoT im erTs gunds, romlis mecnierni aseTs yofas gvaweven qarTvelebs. 10. (ilia)lopiana ki Tevzaobda, krivobda, Widaobda, Tabaxi dahqonda, mamlebsa da yoCebs swvrTnida, 11. sajarod aWidavebda, hyidda, yidulobda, nemsis yunwSi Zvreboda da alali guliT cxovrobda. (m. javax.)gamocdili sut-kneina mixvda, rasac moaswavebda es ambavi, magram Tavi moikatuna, miTam da 12. araferi icis. (ilia)gegona, arc Samfurs daswvavdi da arc mwvadsa? mgelsac gaaZRebdi da batkansac gadaarCendi? 13. (m. javax.)ade, ras hRmui upatrono ZaRlsaviT! _ dascina moxucs axalgazrda glexma biWma amxanagebis 14. samasxarod, _ Senc miTam maraqaSi erevi... Seni rao? (ilia)Robe-yores nu edebi! ra ginda Cemgan, ras metanebi? (m. javax.)15. miwaze fexs aRar vakarebdi: ca qudad ar mimaCnda da dedamiwa qalamnad! guli grZnobad da 16. goneba ocnebad gadaqceuli meSvide caze mimafrendnen. (akaki)rodesac cotaTi gaTba da suli moibruna, is wamodga da isev gareT gavida. (a. yazb.)17. mogvbezrda Treva kus nabijiT. (i. abaSiZe)18. man Tavi veRar gaarTva ZvelqarTuls, arabuls, iranuls, somxursa da asurul warwerebs. (k. 19. gams.)cdilobs TvisTavi imdenad gamoakeTos, rom sakuTar fexze dadges. (ilia)20.

10. miuwereT ganmartebebi (SegiZliaT daixmaroT wigni: aleqsandre oniani, qarTuli idiomebi):

av Tvals ar enaxebaazrze ar ariseklebze zisarc Rvino, arc wyalimeored dabadebabuzic ar afreniagudas piri moxsnagundrukis kmevadabali RobededamiwasTan gasworebadros mokvladRis sinaTleze gamotanaena uWrisenaze kbilebis daWeraenis daSaqvravarskvlavebs eTamaSebavirze SejdomaTagvi kuds ver moibrunebsTavze dasma (vinmesi)Tavze sayreliTavze xelis aRebaTavi qudSi aqvsTavis gadadebaTvalebis axelaTvalSi mosvlaTvalis daxamxamebaSiiotis odenakalTis gadafarebakveris dakvrakovzis nacarSi CavardnaleCaqis axda

19

marjvenis moWramecamete goWimzis gaqrobamiwasTan gasworebamusris gavlebamSralze dasmamxarSi amodgomanacris qeqvanemsis yunwSi gaZromaor cecxls Soris Cavardnaormos gaTxrapirze akeria (vinme an rame)piri wyliT aqvs savsepirSi wylis CagubebarZe ar SeSrobia pirzesaRerRelis aSlatalaxSi amosvratvinis aduRebatyemalze zisfexze dadgomafrTebis gamosxmaqancis gawyvetaqeris ormoSi CavardnaRobe-yores modebayurebis waRebaSavi katis gadarbena (vinmes Sua)Sors daiWiraSublze aweriaCitis rZe ar akliaCalis gamovleba pirSicaSi dafrinavscamde ayvanacecxlze navTis dasxmacxviris awevaZaRlis ybis gamobmawelebze fexs idgamswertilis dasmawylis amRvrevaxazis gadasmaxelis aSvebaxelis gamarTvaxelis dabanajvars acvajojoxeTis maSxalajavris amoyrajvaris zidvajvari xom ar dagiweria?!jibesTan ukacravad gaxlavarTjibidan gavardnilijibis gatenajorze Sejdajoridan Camosvlajoxi Cemze gadatyda


SeadgineT ramdenime teqsti:mcire zomis moTxroba;Canaxati;novela;

gamoiyeneT masSi frazeologizmebi.

20

sityvis Zala

sinonimia

sinonimebi msgavsi mniSvnelobis, magram bgerobrivad gansxvavebuli sityvebia. sinonimebi am-didrebs enas, radgan maTi meSveobiT azri ufro zustad gamoixateba.

I. daawyvileT sinonimebi:

iafixelsayrelimusaifiimeddakargulinadimiuimedomagierimaxvilisasowarkveTilikaTxasaubarimolaybelaCarilxinimagarimarjve yoCaRimegobarimelotimwuxridamzralimitovebamicemamijnurimliqvneliormomomakvdavimoCxubarimxcovanimudam saqmis mcodne

fxianinacvalimkvrividaisiTavis danebebagayinulibaasisatrfoxelswrafidaSnasworisulTambrZoliSfoTianixarolaqucausasooxandazmuliWiqaboZebajabanisaqmeSi CaxeduliniadagqaCaliybedixelmisawvdomiqeifiusasoosasomixdililaparakiimedgadawyvetiliwveuleba

II. mocemulia sinonimuri formebi. miuwereT axsna da daalageT isini maxasiaTebeli niSnis zrdado-bis mixedviT:

1.

mTvraligaleSili _ Zalian mTvralidanaTveri _ galeqebuli _RviniT gaxeTqili _ nasvami _RviniT gamtyvrali _ RvinoSi dambali _RvinoSi CabuJebuli _gamobruJuli _ daleuli _

SezarxoSebuli _Seqeifianebuli _naqeifari _nabaxusevi _naRvinevi _SeRvinianebuli _ SebruJuli _gadakruli _ SeWikWikebuli _momTvralo _CabuJbuJebuli _

21

2.

yvirilikiviliZaxiliSemoZaxiliSeyvirebayayaniRrialiRrianceliayalmayaliCurCuli

gaganigniasiyiJinaxmianobaRuRuniwivilizrialixmaurixmaurobadgandgari

3.

giaxlebailukmebasvlepsiRmurZlebatoravsmoloka

SeeqcevamiirTmevsloRnissanslavsaxramunebsSeTqvlifa

III. daakavSireT sityva ganmartebasTan:

qva

kenWixvinWixreSisalisipikaJisasrevilodibalavarifilaqanifiqalidolabi

didi zomis qvaficrisebri, iatakze dasafenisaZirkvlis amosayvani qvawisqvilis qvaswori zedapiris qva iatakad dasagebiqviSanarevi qvebisalesavi qvacecxlis gamosakvesi qvamdinaris piris qvagluvi qvaqviSanarevi kenWimcire zomis qva

tye

SimalitevriuRraniusierimaRnarikoromiWalaudaburiwvrilianimuxnariCxarinakrZaliaxoSindnarifiWvnariTxilnarikopitnari

didi da xSiri tyedaculi tyeTxilis tyexelovnurad/bunebrivad SeTxelebuli tye xSiri da mTaze modebuli tyemuxis tyekopitis tyenaZvisa da fiWvis tyeSindis tyedidi da gauvali tyewvrili tyemcire tyegauCexavi tyenorCi tyetye wylis napiras, dabal adgilzedidi tyesaxnavad gamzadebuli tyis nakveTi

22

Robe

wnulRobetyruSulimeserixerguliZelyoreyorevalanizRudegalavanixirxaliximi

qalaqis garSemo Semovlebuli simagremargilebis RobeqviTa da ZeliT movlebuli Robeqvis Robeficris Robelerwmis Robecocxali mcenareebis Robeyanis irvliv Semovlebuli Robemsxvili wnelis ormxriv wnuli Robedawnuli Robecixis, eklesiis Robe

wvima

avdariisxariSxapunaTqeSiTqoriJinJRliwarRvnaTavsxmakokispiruli wvimadelgma

mcire wvimamsxvilwveTebiani Zlieri wvimanisliani wvimaZlieri wvimaqariani wvimawyaldidobis momtani wvimaZalian Zlieri wvimawvrili wvimacudi amindi (zogadi mniSvnelobiT)xanmokle, Cqari wvima

IV. daawyvileT sinonimebi:

ojaximokrZalebaxelsayrelisurvili uxeSiuiRbloubeduri farToyairaTianiylortiyoymaninoyierikadnierebagaognebaSekrebaSercxvenaTavzardacemulimsxverpliSurianiCamomavlobaCumadusityvodrokvacqeracxadadZunwiZneliwamocdenawarmoudgeneliarnaxuliwinaaRmdegobawundaudebelimudara

bedkruligaocebaTavmoyramoyivnebajalabieldanacemicekvaumZraxadorWofobagaZalianebamomWirneuzadouCumradsazRaprosaarakoTvalsaCinodWvretaxalvaTisiTamamevedrebayuaTianiTavsateximoSurnewamoroSvaSTamomavlobazvarakixelmoWerilinekeribedSavisarfianigulisTqmatlanqiridi

23

V. imuSaveT jgufebSi: Tqven Tavad moifiqreT mocemuli sityvis sinonimuri formebi:

dardi _lamazi _Raribi _ mdidari _ laparaki _ Seundo _ didi _patara _ swrafad _ bevri _ cota _lxini _ dadis _ daxarja _ lxini _ kamaTi _ mSiSara _Sroma _suleli _Wkviani _

VI. sinonimuri formebi xSirad gamoiyeneba tavtologiis (arasaWiro gameorebis) Tavidan asacile-blad. SecvaleT winadadebebSi tavtologia sinonimebiT:

mogviTxro, ganacxada, dasZina, Tqva, mogviyva, gvauwya, hkiTxa, miugo,, upasuxa, daatana, vTxoveT, Cvenma xelmZRvanelma gviTxra ramdenime dRis win skolaSi Catarebuli RonisZiebis Sesaxeb, gviTxra,

Tu ra gamoxmaureba mohyva presaSi skolis speqtakls. man isic gviTxra, rom msgavsi RonisZieba jer ar Catarebula, da isic gviTxra, rom amaSi uzarmazari wvlili miuZRvis skolis direqtors. maswav-lebelma gviTxra, rom Semodgomaze evropis erT-erT qalaqSi gaimarTeba moswavleTa SemoqmedebiTi festivali da gadawyda, rom am festivalze saqarTvelos warmoadgens swored Cveni skolis speqtak-li.. Cven Zalian davinteresdiT am informaciiT da maswavlebels vuTxariT, rom Zalian gvindoda am speqtaklis naxva. SemoqmedebiTi klubis erT-erTma warmomadgenelma uTxra maswavlebels, Tu ra SeiZleboda gaekeTebina SemoqmedebiT klubs imisaTvis, rom moswavleebs evropaSic esaxelebinaT Cve-ni qveyana da skola. maswavlebelma gviTxra, rom es Zalian kargi idea iyo da aucileblad ifiqrebda amis Sesaxeb. Semdeg kidev gviTxra, rom aucileblad unda Seqniliyo speqtaklis wardgenis programa, romelzec muSaoba rac SeiZleba male unda dawyebuliyo. Cvens Sexvedras eswreboda skolis gazeTis redaqtori, romelmac gviTxra, rom isinic izrunebdnen specialuri orenovani nomris momzadebaze. maswavleblis SekiTxvaze, Tu vis unda daewera mTavari gverdis statia gazeTSi, gazeTis redaqtorma uTxra, rom amas yvelaze ukeT gaakeTebda qarTuli enisa da literaturis maswavlebeli, romelic amavdroulad dasis xelmZRvaneli da scenaris avtoria.

VII. mocemulia zmnis sinonimuri formebi, SeadgineT winadadebebi da gamoiyeneT TiToeuli maTgani:

qona _ aqvshyavs, gaaCnia, abadia, Seicavs, moepoveba, flobs, mflobelobs, uWiravs, ukavia, mis xelSia, xelSi

uWiravs, xelze aqvs, mis gankargulebaSia, mis gamgeblobaSia, ekuTvnis, miniWebuli aqvs, ufleba-mosilia, aSavia, atialia, aqvavia, uvis.

nimuSi:1. eg ras mogcems, groSic ara abadia. 2. stafilo bevr sasargeblo vitamins Seicavs.

yofna _ arisarsebobs, warmoadgens, Seadgens, moipoveba, sufevs, icis (mTaSi xangrZlivi zamTari icis), modis

(mTaSi Zalian gemrieli kartofili modis), Semosulia (leRvi ukve Semosulia)...

gankurneba:gankurneba, morCena, gamojansaReba, mokeTeba, gamokeTeba, moxedva (avadmyofisa), momagreba, janze

mosvla, moRoniereba, momjobineba, moSuSeba (tkivilebisa), fexze dadgoma, fexze dayeneba, sikvdils

24

gadarCa, gamobruneba, fexzea (avadmyofi fexzea), ukeTesoba etyoba, daameba (Tavis tkivili dauamda), gavla (tkivilebma gauara).

damSvideba:dawynareba, dadinjeba, daSoSmineba, daameba, dayuCeba, gulis molboba, gulis mobruneba, gulidan

gadayra, garindeba, dardis gaqarveba, Cadgoma (qariSxlisa).

Tqma:warmoTqma, sityvis daZvra, xmis amoReba, ena amoidga, alaparakeba, RaRadi,

Txroba:moTxroba, gadmocema, moyola, Tqma, pasuxis migeba, gadacema (gadaeci), pasuxobs, uwyeba (auwya),

dasZina, daatana, darTva (naTqvams daurTo), migeba, uambo, pirSi mixla,


mocemulia sinonimuri formebi: SeadgineT ramdenime teqsti da gamoiyeneT mocemuli formebi.

aucilebeli, uTuo, usaTuo, gardauvali, ucvalebeli, ueWveli, auridebeli, mougeriebeli, upi-rdauvali, ucvalebeli, ueWveli, auridebeli, mougeriebeli, upi-robod, yoveli mizezis gareSe, saWiro.

axali, axalTaxali, axal-axali, cincxali, norCi

bejiTi, gulmodgine, muyaiTi, mSromeli, Sromismoyvare, mecadine, mcdeli, Tavgamodebuli, saqme-ze Tavdadebuli, amagdari, moWirnaxule, saqmis erTguli, gamrje, TavauReblad momuSave, muSaobas Tavs aklavs, dRe da Rames asworebs.

brbo, xalxi, sazogadoeba, jari, jamaaTi, grova, urdo, maraqa.

daRlil-daqanculi, moqanculi, daqanculi, maSvrali, damaSvrali, araqaTgawyvetili, qancgamo-leuli, qancgawyvetili, araqaTgamoclili, ilajgawyvetili, Ronemixdili, daosebuli, welSi gawyve-tili, moTenTili,

gajavrebuli, mwyrali, brazmoreuli, gunebaaSlili, gunebaareuli, gulamRvreuli, ganrisxebuli, gaveSebuli, gacecxlebuli, gaavebuli, gawiwmatebuli, gaalmasebuli, gamZvinvarebuli, gacofebuli, gamexebuli...

maRali, Tvaluwvdeneli, TvalSeudgami, cadawvdenili, cadaziduli; adamiani _ aSoltili, axovani, tanayrili, tankenari

meTauri, Tavkaci, Sefi, organizatori, xelmZRvaneli, Tavmjdomare, prezidenti, mTavari, uxuce-si, Tamada, ufrosi, kapitani; meTauroba _ Tavkacoba, ufrosoba, Tavmjdomareoba, xelmZRvaneloba, Tamadoba..

moindoma, moisurva, moiwadinebs, moinebebs, moexasiaTeba, moegunebeba, moeprianeba, moswyurdeba,

survili aitans.

25

rogor gamovxatoT saTqmeli

enobrivi konstruqciebi

sityvebsa da winadadebebs aerTebs kavSiri. makavSirebeli saSualebebis gamoyenebiT iqmneba kon-struqcia, romliTac xerxdeba konkretuli azris gamoxatva. azris srulad da sworad gadmocemis-aTvis aucilebelia makavSirebeli saSualebebisa da maTi funqciis kargad codna.

maerTebeli kavSirebi

I. majgufebeli kavSirebi

funqcia kavSiri nimuSi

sityvebis an winadadebebis dakavSireba

da

Tu

rwyili da WianWvela daZmobildnen.mze Cavida da sibnele Camowva.

didi Tu patara _ yvela gareT gamocvivda ambis gasagebad.marjvniv Tu marcxniv mravali Rele Tu nakaduli uerTdeba aq mdinares. (v. barn.)

uaryofa(martivi uaryofa, SesaZleblobis

uaryofa, akrZalva)

arc ... arcverc.... vercnurc... nurc

aRarc...aRarcveRarc...veRarc

nuRarc...nuRarc

arc batonia visime da arc yma. (vaJa)verc sityvebiT da verc cremlebiT ver gadmogcem Cems grZnobas sru-lad. nurc Cven gagvametebinebT da nurc Cven amogvwyvet cudubraloda (aka-ki)aRarc cxviri etyoboda sabralos,

aRarc wveri da aRarc Tvalebi. (vaJa)veRarc waval da veRarc Sen wa-giyvan. nuRarc moxval da nuRarc xmas ga-mcem.

damatebiTi miTiTeba(uaryofiT gamoxatuli, magram dade-

biTi mniSvnelobisa; moqmedeba mxolod erTs ki ar exeba, agreTve meoresac)

araTu...aramed

ara marto...aramed

araTu maCvena, aramed saCuqradac momarTva.araTu minaxavs, aramed miWamia ki-dec.buzebs gabezrebuli hyavdaT ara

marto adamianebi, aramed Sinauri cxovelebic.

damatebiTi miTiTeba(moqmedeba erTsac exeba da meoresac)

rogorc...ise

kidec...kidec

Tan...Tan

rogorc mefe, ise darbaislebi gao-cebulni darCnen. (akaki)kidec Wris, kidec keravs.Tan saqmianobs da Tan gauCereblad laparakobs.

CasviT Sesaferisi kavSiri (erTi kavSiri SeiZleba ramdenime winadadebaSi CasvaT):1.

arc...arc; kidec...kidec; araTu...aramed; Tan...Tan; da; verc...verc; rogorc...ise; Tu; nurc...nurc; kidec...kidec; ara marto...aramed; aRarc...aRarc.

episkoposi moTqmas ----------------- Civils mohyva. (m. javax.)1.

26

RmerTo, ------------------- Cems naTlias moiyvan aq da ------------------- mamasaxliss. (vaJa)2. imasTan ------------------- xvewna, ------------------- mudara, ------------------- Tavis Sebraleba ar 3. gadioda. (yazb.) nacvali ------------------- iasauli oTaraanT qvrivis ezoSi ver gaiWaWanebdnen. (ilia)4. es maswavlebeli yuradRebas ar aqcevda Tavis sagnebs, ------------------ algebras, ------------ geo-yuradRebas ar aqcevda Tavis sagnebs, ------------------ algebras, ------------ geo-5. metrias, ------------------- trigonometrias, ------------------- fizikas. (akaki)Cven ------------------- rames vaSavebdiT, ------------------ Tavazianad da megobruladac veqceo-6. diT. ivane gaCumebuli ijda da uyurebda ------------------- begs, ------------------- mis amxanags daTas..7. mowmendili ca gakrialebuliyo -------------------- mzis sxivi mTis wverebs SesTamaSebda. (yazb.)8. ------------------- rames geubnebi da ------------------- Cems grZnobebs ver gadmogcem.9. ------------------- Tqven swuxT da ------------------- me mawuxebT, guli maqvs savse WiriTa. (d. 10. gur.)gavida mouTmenlobis ramdenime wuTi ------------------- CemTvis, ------------------- yvelasaTvis.11. ver erCis Turme mis mwvanes ------------------- sicxe, ------------------- avdari. (ilia)12. aRar ismoda iqidan ------------------- SemodgomiT gulis manaTobeli xar-irmis yvirili, 13. ------------------- Svlis xavili, ------------------- turis Cxavili, ------------------- ymuili mSieri mglisa. (vaJa)aRarsad Canda --------------- qoCora, -------------------- nacara, ----------------- mamlayinwa. (vaJa)14. am dardisTvis Tavi ver dauRwevia ------------------- zamTarSi da ------------------- zafxulSi. 15. ------------------- vagonebSi, ------------------- sadgurSi saSineli xmauri iyo. 16. setyvas vazebisaTvis ------------------- ------------------- mtevnebi, ------------------- foTlebic ki 17. daemtvria. qveynis wylis ------------------- gemo, ------------------- xmaurobac ki iseT moalersed aRar eCvene-18. boda. (yazb.)------------------- vlxinobdi, ------------------- vmRerodi. (ilia)19. ------------------- pirs acmacunebda, ------------------- mtredebs etaneboda dasaWerad. (kldiaSv.)20.

II. macalkevebeli kavSirebi:


erT-erTis arCeva an...anan...anda

an me waval, an Sen wadi.an me movitan, anda Sen moi-

tane.

arCevani da ganurCeveli damokidebuleba

gind(a)...gind(a)Tund...Tund

ginda es kalaTa waiRe, ginda es.

Sen Tund wadi, Tund darCi.

rigrigoba, monacvleoba

xan...xanxan...xanacxan...xan ki

xan...xan kidev

xan gaicinebda, xan moiwyenda.xan Subls SeiWmuxnida, xanac

saxe gaunaTdeboda.

2. CasviT Sesaferisi kavSiri

an...an; an...anda; gind(a)...gind(a); Tund/Tunda; xan...xan.

ar dazogavda ----------------------- Sorebeli yofiliyo, -----------------------axlobeli. (akaki)1. ----------------------- momklas, ----------------------- gadamarCinos.2. adamianis cxovreba asea awyobili, ----------------------- Wiri iqneba, ----------------------- lxini.3. caze drogamoSvebiT kaSkaSa mTvare ----------------------- gamohyofda xolme Rrublebidan Tavs, 4. ----------------------- isev RrublebSi gaexveoda, (ilia)----------------------- daxarje es fuli, ----------------------- Seinaxe. 5. ----------------------- brazianma ZaRlma ar daglijos, ----------------------- gvelma ar dakbinos. (aka-(aka-6. ki)----------------------- aq gadaixade qorwili, ----------------------- sxvagan.7. ----------------------- miwisa var, ----------------------- cisa. (akaki)8. ----------------------- movklav da ----------------------- Sevakvdebi. 9.

27

----------------------- erTs uTxar `Seni Wirime~, ----------------------- _ meores. (ilia)10. ----------------------- mec imasTan erTad movkvdebi, ----------------------- davixsni rogorme iqidan. 11. (yazb.)----------------------- moiwyens, atirdeba, ----------------------- moilxens, amRerdeba.12. ----------------------- CemTan CamodiT, ----------------------- TeatrSi wavideT.13. faTeraki sworad moklavs erTi iyos, ----------------------- asi. (rusTaveli)14. ----------------------- mogiyvan im cxens, ----------------------- Tavs Sevwirav Sens megobrobas. (akaki)15. fanjrebze ----------------------- gulia gamoyvanili, ----------------------- jvaria, ----------------------- 16. kidev dawerilia rame. (ilia)ratom ara var Sveli, an iremi, ----------------------- beCavi kurdReli. (vaJa)17. Tuki movaxerxebdi, ----------------------- didi yofiliyo da ----------------------- patara, Cavkideb-18. di xels da waviyvandi. (akaki) vinc gverdiT amomidgeba, ----------------------- mteri iyos, ----------------------- moyvare, Cemianad 19. mimaCnia. (akaki)----------------------- Sewvi da ----------------------- moxarSe, ----------------------- keridan dasZario, 20. ----------------------- gasceri, ----------------------- ganmtkice, is darCeba rac ario. (gamocana)lekvi lomisa sworia, Zu iyos ----------------------- xvadia. (rusTaveli) 21. wadi igi moyme Zebne, axlos iyos ----------------------- Sorad. (rusTaveli)22.

III. mapirispirebeli kavSirebi:


ori winadadebis dapirispireba magram

Tumca

wavida, magram male mobrunda.me am yvelaferSi udanaSaulo var, Tumca yvelafers me mabrale-ben.

saganTa an movlenaTa dapiri-spireba

xoloki

me waval, xolo Sen aq darCebi. me waval, Sen ki aq darCebi.

garkveul pirobasTan dakavSi-rebuli natvra, survili

oRond oRond kargad moiqces da rac unda Tqvas.

dapirispireba uaryofiTar...aramed

ki ar...aramedindauri ki ar dakles, aramed qaTami.

IV. maigivebeli kavSirebi:


damatebiTi informaciis gamo-xatva (danarTis kavSiri)

anuese igi

qvevri, anu Wuri, Tixisgan mzaddeba.

patara aleqsandre, ese igi mananas Svili, aqamde iq iyo.

3. CasviT Sesaferisi kavSiri:

oRond; ese igi; Tumc/Tumca; anu; ki; magram; ki ar...aramed; xolo;

mTa mTas ver moxvdeba, kaci kacs ---------------------- moxvdebao. (andaza)1. ---------------------- marTali Tqvas da Tunda ukuRma ijdes.2. anaTeb da kargi xar, me ---------------------- arad margixar. (akaki)3. arwivs maRlidan ca dahyurebda, TviTon ---------------------- rodi ucqerda cas. (vaJa)4. wadi saTevzaod, ---------------------- Rrmad wyalSi ar Sexvide. 5. ---------------------- Sen kargad iyavi da yvelafers me gavakeTeb.6. vinc ra unda Tqvaso, wisqvilma ---------------------- fqvaso. (andaza)7. niniam daaxala daTvs Tofi, ---------------------- aacdina. (vaJa)8. cal mxares dedakacebi isxdnen, ---------------------- meore mxares _ mamakacebi. (vaJa)9. TanamSromlebma mxolod Tanxmoba ---------------------- ---------------------- ganacxades axali wese-10.

28

bis SemoRebaze, ---------------------- Tavad Camoayalibes am wesebis Sesrulebis Semmowmebeli ori patara jgufi. gurami niWieria, ---------------------- zarmacia. 11. ---------------------- eg fexze dadgari vnaxo da Cems Tavs aRar daveZeb. 12. es xma siCumes ---------------------- ---------------------- arRvevs, ---------------------- ratomRac amZa-13. frebs kidec. (d. kldiaSvili) yvela buzi bzuiso, futkarTan ---------------------- yvela tyuiso. (andaza)14. bavSvebi yurs ugdebdnen, ---------------------- arafers ambobdnen.15. ufrosi gogona Sin datova, umcrosi ---------------------- Tan waiyvana. 16. fuls mogcem, ---------------------- sul ar daxarjo.17. Rrubliani, ---------------------- wynari dRe iyo. 18. kacma xanjlis tars gaivlo xeli, ---------------------- isev Tavi Seikava. (yazb,)19. mindia yvelaferze Tanaxma iyo, ---------------------- ki mariams azri ar Seecvala.20. im dros, ---------------------- gasuli saukunis samocian wlebSi, evropaSi axali tendencia ikide-21. bda fexs.qvebs Sua aTasobiT ewyo Tevzis pawawina kvercxebi, ---------------------- qviriTi. (akaki)22.

4. Semajamebeli savarjiSo: CasviT Sesaferisi kavSiri:

ise, rogorc; da; xan...xan; ara Tu...aramed; aRar...aRarc; Tu; rogorc; an...an; ise; oRond; an; rogorc...ise; magram.

Salva Cqari nabijiT modioda, Tumca terfebi ewepeboda quCas, da gzas gadioda mixvev-mox-1. veviT, klakvniT ----------------------- ----------------------- SoTas Zveli sityvebi (`magram amslides lxinTagan survilTa diadobani~) iklakneboda mis tvinSi. (n. lorTq. `Selocva radioTi~)dabneuli, gakvirvebuli ---------------------- aRfrTovanebuli bavSvebi Tvals ver aSorebdnen 2. Sinisaken mimaval gucas. (j. qarCxaZe `mariana~)asurelebi ----------------------- hyidian TavianT suls, xolo misionerebic -------------------hyidu-3. loben, ----------------------- qaTmebs, yvelsa da brinjs. (m. javax. `lambalo da yaSa~)me siamovnebiT mogarTmevT karga mozrdil wigns, ----------------------- Cveni bromleis, 4. ----------------------- sxva amerikeli miliarderebis Sesaxeb. lia ----------------------- Worfliani iyo, ----------------------- kbili aklda. (a. sulakauri, `zeviT 5. da qveviT~)sxva dros iqneba erTi Taviseburi mkvaxe sityva etkica oTaraanT qvrivs am qebisaTvis, 6. ----------------------- axla ki gaCumda. (ilia `oTaraanT qvrivi~)----------------------- Tqven ar gyavT rokfeleri, morgani, bromlei, ----------------------- maT ara 7. hyavT lenini, bethoveni, kanti. (n. lorTq. `Selocva radioTi~)bolos ki aedevna, ----------------------- samogzaurod evropaSi Camosuli amerikeli, romlis-8. Tvisac sul erTia, romel qalaqSiac iyos, ----------------------- siamovnebiT gaataros dro. (n. lorTq. `Selocva radioTi~)rao?! am siberis dros Semiyvarda?! ra sisulelea, Jini minda davikmayofilo, ----------------------- 9. es saidumloeba mizidavs?... gaugebari ambavia. (n. lorTq. `Selocva radioTi~) drois simcires ----------------------- ganvicdidi, ----------------------- SimSils ----------------------- 10. wyurvils ganicdian xolme. (a. sulakauri `zeviT da qveviT~)da yovelTvis naxulobda saTanado manZilze mjdom ----------------------- mdgom eli-heqsleis... 11. ----------------------- furclavdnen Jurnal-gazeTebs, ----------------------- musaifobdnen Cveu-lebrivad... (n. lorTq. `Selocva radioTi~)galiaSi damwyvdeul da SeuCvevel mxeciviT veZebdi gasaZvrens, ----------------------- ver vipove. 12. (m. javaxiSvili `lambalo da yaSa~)ramino ----------------------- sruliad Sewyvitavda sulis Tqmas, did xans, did xans; ---------------------- 13. ki ise moiTqvamda suls, rom TiTqos simaRle emateboda. (n. lorTq. `Selocva radioTi~)da sanam dilis sauzmes gavaTavebdi, yaSas risxva da lanZRva ----------------------- erTi mxridan 14. ismoda, ----------------------- meoredan. (m. javax. `lambalo da yaSa~)im agentebis SuamavlobiT sakuTar mrevls ----------------------- kaTolikeTa eklesias mihyidis 15. xolme, ----------------------- anglikanurs, ----------------------- kidev episkoposs pavles. (m. javax. `lambalo da yaSa~)aseTi saSualebiT, gaWirvebiT, cota zeviT avaTrie... gverdi gatexili aRmoaCnda... da 16. ----------------------- ----------------------- krinti, kvnesa ar aRmoxdenia, goneba ar dakargvia, ----------------------- xmac ar Sescvlia, mosazreba ar Sesustebia. (n. lorTq. `Selocva radi-oTi~).

29

maqvemdebarebeli kavSirebi

I. adgili da dro


adgilis gamoxatvasadac

saidanac saiTkenac

saiTacrom

iq yvelaferi gviadvildeba, sadac Cvena varT Cveni batoni.

guramma iqiT mimaxeda, saidanac stumari unda gamosuliyo.

maspinZeli iqiT gaemarTa, saiT-kenac miuTiTes.

bavSvi iwevda iqiT, saiTac deda wavida.

ezoSi rom didi kakali dgas, swo-red imis ZirSia damarxuli ganZi.

drois gamoxatva

rodesacrocarom

sanamTu ararawams

rakirogorc ki

vidre

isini am saubarSi iyvnen, rodesac Zaxilis xma gaisma.

`maSin Tormeti wlisa viyavi, roca batonma saxls momaSora.~

aleqsim rom CaiZina, me mere wa-movedi.

sanam ar daiZina, ver wamovedi.iyivla Tu ara mamalma, gzas gavu-

deqiT.rawams es gavige, maSinve wamove-

di.raki yvelam daiZina, mec daviZi-

ne.rogorc ki bavSvi dawynarda, ma-

Sinve dedas mivuyvane.vidre amas vuyvebodi, mariami mo-

vida kidec.


sadac; vidre; rom; raki; saidanac; rodesac; roca; saiTac; sanam; rawams; Tu ara; rogorc ki; saiTkenac.

------------------------------ ki moqeife xalxi moiyrida Tavs, kirilec iq iyo. (kldiaSv.)1. pavliam RiRiniT gaswia iqiTken, ------------------------------ kaWkaWebi isxdnen. (razikaSv.)2. me da dedaCemi, ager tyiani seri ------------------------------ wamowolila da aqeT-iqiT xevi Caudis, 3. iq vcxovrobdiT. (vaJa)iyo dro, ------------------------------ saqarTvelo ruseTis mfarvelobis qveS Sedioda. (yazbegi) 4. me angariSmiucemlad gavemarTe iqiTken, ------------------------------ saSineli yvirilis xma ismo-5. da.------------------------------ gaviqeci, iqiT waviqeci. (andaza)6. ------------------------------ Tqveni werili momivida, maSinve kaci gamovagzavne.7. ------------------------------ vladikavkasidan gamovedi da Cemis qveynis siom damkra, gulma sul 8. sxvarigad damiwyo feTqva. (ilia)------------------------------ haeri orTqliT Raribia, iq Txeli nami icis. (gogebaSv.)9. mze ukve Casuli iyo, ------------------------------ qalaqs miadgnen. 10. ------------------------------ ginda iqiT wadi, gza oTxmxriv Tavisufali gaqvs.11. ------------------------------ deda dabrunda, ukve saRamo iyo.12. me ------------------------------ giTxari, ratom iq ar mixvedi?13. ------------------------------ ki sikeTea am ubanSi, imisi madliani xelic iq urevia. (ilia)14. ------------------------------ am saqmes ar movrCebi, axals verafers daviwyeb. 15. ------------------------------ ki es momagondeba, maSinve guli ucnaurad damiwyebs feTqvas.16. ------------------------------ ------------------------------ wasuli damigula, maSinve movida da Tavisi 17. nivTebi waiRo.

30

iq wavida, ------------------------------ guli miuwevda. 18. yvelam iqiT miixeda, ------------------------------ ayalmayalis da Cxubis xma modioda.19. es wylis dasalevad ------------------------------ Cavedi xevSi, maSin vitkine. (vaJa)20. bolos, ------------------------------ saqme gayofaze midga, maSin ki daibnen da yvelam Tavi Seikava.21. ------------------------------ xalxi kargad ar gaigebs yvelafers, manamde ver dawynardeba.22. aleqsandrem iqiT gaixeda, ------------------------------ sul ramdenime wuTis win wavida keso.23. mivida iq, ------------------------------ iyo dabinavebuli stumari.24. ------------------------------ amaze mogiyvebodeT rames, erT ambavs giambobT. 25. ------------------------------ erT saqmes daamTavreb, meore mere daiwye!26. ------------------------------ girCevnia, iq darCi. 27. ------------------------------ ki moindomebda, maSin SeeZlo daereka, da maSinve iq gavCndebodi. 28. axlave iq wavidnen, ------------------------------ mosulan.29. gavediT ------------------------------ ------------------------------ qalaqidan, megobrebi Segvxvdnen.30.

II. viTareba (rogor xdeba moqmedeba?)


Sedegiise _ romase rom

ise aurdaurevia yvelaferi, rom amis dalagebas erTi dRe unda.yvelaferi gavakeTe, ase rom axla dasvenebac SeiZleba.

msgavseba, Sedarebaise _ rogorcise _ TiTqos

ise iyos, rogorc gadavwyviteT.ise vgrZnob Tavs, TiTqos didi man-Zili sirbiliT gamoviare.

ararealuri Sedarebaise _ viTomc

TiTqos

Tavi ise eWira, viTom araferi ico-da. Tvalebze xeli moisva, TiTqos cremls iwmendso.

igiveoba rogorc me, rogorc Cemi qveynis Svils, Ter-gis saxe ufro momwons.

SefardebiTi Sedarebaramdenadac _

imdenadramdenjerac _ imdenjer

ramdenadac suraTia kargi, or im-denad saZagelia namdvili. (ilia) ramdenjerac xmas amoiRebda, imden-

jer gaxedavda mamas.

sxvaoba, gansxvaveba ufro _ vidre es erTi Tve ufro nayofieri iyo, vidre mTeli weliwadi.


ise...rom; ase rom; rogorc...ise; rogorc; ise....TiTqos; ise...rogorc; rogorc...rogorc; imdenad...ramdenadac; ufro...vidre; ramdenadac...imdenadac ise...viTom

cam -------------------------- daiquxa, -------------------------- yvelaferma zanzari daiwyo.1. -------------------------- Tofis wamali naperwklisagan, -------------------------- avfeTqdi siyvaruli-2. sa da natvrisagan. (ilia)-------------------------- daumtvrevia Seni axali saTamaSo, -------------------------- meti aRar SeiZ-daumtvrevia Seni axali saTamaSo, -------------------------- meti aRar SeiZ--------------------------- meti aRar SeiZ-meti aRar SeiZ-3. leba.is -------------------------- gvinaxavda, -------------------------- sakuTar Svilebs.4. uceb daubera qarma --------------------------, -------------------------- zemoT avardnili mtvrisagan 5. arafris danaxva aRar SeiZleboda. dro -------------------------- gamepara, -------------------------- veraferi gavige.6. im dros, -------------------------- uxecesi, is iTvleboda axali Taobis meTaurad. 7. yvelaferi -------------------------- maxsovs, -------------------------- kinofilmi vnaxe.8.

31

[kvamlo], xandaxan -------------------------- agvibam xolme Tvals, -------------------------- Cvens saku-9. Tar ubedurebasac vera vxedavT. (ilia)civia, -------------------------- ukvdaveba da Cumia, -------------------------- gancxroma. (ilia)10. epidemiam -------------------------- SeaSina yvela, -------------------------- xalxi erTmaneTTan aRar 11. midi-modioda.mas -------------------------- uyvarda Tavisi qveyana, -------------------------- Tavs grZnobda iq kar-12. gad. nesti dasavleT saqarTveloSi -------------------------- sagrZnobia, -------------------------- aRmosa-13. vleTSi.-------------------------- imaT gadawyvites, Cvenc -------------------------- moviqceT. 14. -------------------------- Zneli gamodga kalmaxis daWera, -------------------------- ufro miZlierde-15. boda survili imis daWerisa. (gogeb.)-------------------------- gavufrTxildebi, -------------------------- Cvenive Tavs.16. -------------------------- met xans uyurebda avadmyofs, -------------------------- metad tkioda guli. 17. yvelaferi miTxari daufaravad, -------------------------- mamas.18. -------------------------- gaitacebda xolme kiTxva, -------------------------- Wamac ki aviwydeboda.19. Tavs -------------------------- gvaCvenebda, -------------------------- Zalian wuxda. 20. bevrad ukeTesad miRebuli iyvnen qarTvelebi, -------------------------- didi ojaxis Svilebi da 21. TvaltanadobiTac arCeulebi. (akaki)-------------------------- advilad swavlobda enas, -------------------------- erT weliwadSi Tavisu-22. flad laparaki SeZlo.oTaraanT qvrivs bostanSi muSaoba -------------------------- uyvarda, -------------------------- sxvis 23. xels ar miakarebda. (ilia)mas Turme darejan batoniSvili agondeboda, romelic anebivrebda, -------------------------- 24. Svils. mze am mxareSi -------------------------- mcxunvarea, -------------------------- sxvagan.25. yvelaferi -------------------------- swrafad moxda, -------------------------- veravin azrze mosvla 26. ver moaswro.arwivi -------------------------- dacuravda caSi, -------------------------- Savi nafoti uzarmazar 27. lurj morevSi. (javax.)gogim, -------------------------- gamocdilma kacma, maSinve ifiqra, rom aq raRac unda momxdari-28. yo.bavSvebs -------------------------- SeeSindaT, -------------------------- gaqceva daapires.29. -------------------------- mexveodnen gars, -------------------------- didi omidan moulodnelad dabru--------------------------- didi omidan moulodnelad dabru-didi omidan moulodnelad dabru-30. nebuls.imis Semdeg gamoiwvies elgujas Soreuli naTesavebi, -------------------------- damcvelni imis gva-31. reulobis interesebisa. (yazbegi)yvelaferi swrafad warimarTa, -------------------------- -------------------------- erT saaTSi yvelani 32. Tavisufali viyaviT.wasvlisaTvis mzadeba adreve daviwyeT, -------------------------- -------------------------- Tvis bolo-33. saTvis yvelaferi ukve mzad iyo. misi -------------------------- eSinodaT, -------------------------- sulTamxuTavis. (akaki)34. -------------------------- Tqva dedam, Cvenc -------------------------- moviqceviT. 35.

32

III. mizezi da mizani


mizezi

imitom...romimis gamo...rom

amis gamo...raki

raki...amitomradgan

radganacvinaidan

xalxi imitom iyrida Tavs, rom rame axali ambavi gaego.giorgi skolaSi imis gamo ar iyo,

rom wina dRiT gakveTilebi ver is-wavla.radganac sofeli mWidrod aris dasaxlebuli, amis gamo patara ad-gili uWiravs.raki saxlSi aravin daxvda, amitom Rame mezobelTan gaaTia. patara aniko atirda, imitom rom martoobis SeeSinda.guSin samsaxurSi ver wavedi, radgan sicxe mqonda.me aRarafers aRar getyvi, radganac Seni saerTod aRar mjera.yvela gaxarebuli iyo, vinaidan udides xifaTs daaRwies Tavi.

mizaniimisaTvis...rom

raTa

me yvelafers gavakeTeb imisTvis, rom Sen dagexmaro.im Rames iq davrCi, raTa meore dRes diliT adre gavdgomodi gzas.


rom; misTvis...rom; radganac; vinaidan; raTa; raki; imisaTvis...rom; radgan.

umcrosma ufross unda daujeros, ----------------------- ufross meti Wkua da gamocdileba aqvs.1. yvelaferi droulad gamomigzavne, ----------------------- mec movaswro da ukanac droze gamogi-2. gzavno. stumrebma simRera SemosZaxes, ----------------------- maTi sixarulis sagani yvelas gaego.3. ----------------------- yvelaferi kargad gaigo, gamocdisac aRar eSinoda. 4. me yvelafers vityvi, ----------------------- sicrueSi cxovreba aRar minda.5. aleqsandre swrafad gaeSura nikolozisaken, ----------------------- axali ambavi dauyovnebliv Se-6. etyobinebina.----------------------- asea, Sen nuRar geSinia!7. me yovelTvis vizruneb -----------------------, ----------------------- Sen Sens miznebs miaRwio.8. ----------------------- veraferi gaiges, gzis gagrZelebis survilic ki dakarges.9. `me Conguri ----------------------- minda, ----------------------- simarTles msaxurobdes.~ (akaki)10. maTiam dauZaxa yvelas, ----------------------- gaecvalaT tyviebi da yvelani Zmad gaficuliyvnen. 11. (yazb.)----------------------- sxva adgili ar iyo, axalgazrdebi qalaqis baRSi iyridnen Tavs.12. cota xnis laparakis Semdeg me wamovedi, ----------------------- winaswar SerCeuli adgili dameT-13. valierebina.mariami ukan daedevna wasuls, ----------------------- venaxidan saqonlis gamorekvaSi daxmareboda.14. ana sul ukan iyureboda, ----------------------- saSiSroebas swored iqidan grZnobda. 15. ----------------------- fexiT siaruli aRar SeeZlo, uremze dasves.16. ramdenime wuTSi did moedanze xalxi Segrovda, ----------------------- qalaqSi Camosuli stumre-17. bisaTvis Soridan mainc moekraT Tvali.elene sazRvargareT gaemgzavra, ----------------------- evropis romelime universitetSi gaegr-18. Zelebina swavla.jariskaci mzad iyo, ----------------------- meTauris brZaneba dauyovnebliv Seesrulebina.19. `aragvi erTgan kldovan kides gametebiT exleboda, ----------------------- axali gza gaekvlia.~ 20. (akaki)

33

IV. subieqti, obieqti, gansazRvreba


subieqtiobieqti

vincracromTu

aq aris is, vinc am saqmis sulisCam-dgmelia.gavige is, rac aqamde ar vicodi.SevniSne, rom viRacas mouTmenlad elodeboda.me arc ki vicodi, Tu rogor unda damexsna Tavi am gansacdelisagan.giorgi darwmunda, rom mosaxdeni aucileblad moxdeboda.

gansazRvra, ganmarteba saxeliT gamoxa-tuli wevrisa

romeliciseTi...rogoric

is kaci, romelic guSin Semxvda, Cemi mezobelia.wveuleba swored iseTi gamovida, rogoric mindoda.

mosalodneli Secdomebi: Tu mTavari winadadebis saxeliT gamoxatul wevrs erTvis CvenebiTi nacvalsaxeli (es, eg, is...) 1. da damokidebuli winadadeba gansazRvravs am saxels, kavSiri unda iyos romelic (da ara vinc an rac): me davinaxe kaci, vinc gurams elaparakeboda. (vin davinaxe? _ vinc gurams elaparakeboda. magram: me davinaxe is kaci, romelic gurams elaparakeboda. romeli kaci davinaxe? _ romelic gurams elaparakeboda).Zalian xSirad arasworad gamoiyeneba 2. sadac da romelic kavSirebi: daimaxsovreT: sadac aRniS-navs adgils: mivida iq, sadac gurami elodeboda. (sad mivida? _ sadac gurami elodeboda). Tu adgilze ar aris miTiTeba, Secdomaa sadac kavSiris gamoyeneba. arasworia: epizodi, sadac moTxrobilia luarsabisa da darejanis daqorwineba, sakmaod vrcelia. (romeli epizodia vrce-li? _ romelSic moTxrobilia...).romelic3. kavSiri brunvaSi uTanxmdeba damokidebuli winadadebis zmnas da ara mTavari wina-dadebis zmnas: sworia: is kaci, romelic guSin vnaxe, Cemi mezobeli aRmoCnda. is kaci, romelmac gamarjoba miTxra, Cemi mezobeli aRmoCnda.is kaci, romelsac gamarjoba vuTxari, Cemi mezobeli aRmoCnda. is kaci, romlisTvisac gamarjoba ar miTqvams, Cemo mezobeli aRmoCnda. is kaci, romelzedac cuds meubnebodnen, Cemi mezobeli aRmoCnda. is kaci, romlis simarTleSic darwmunebuli ar viyavi, Cemi mezobeli aRmoCnda.is kaci, romliTac amayobda mTeli qalaqi, Cemi mezobeli aRmoCnda.is kacebi, romlebic guSin movidnen, Cemo mezoblebi aRmoCndnen. is kacebi, romlebmac guSin adamiani gadaarCines, Cemi mezoblebi aRmoCndnen.

daimaxsovreT: 4. ise... rogorc iseTi... rogoricmwyuria ise, rogorc arasdros. (rogor mwyuria? _ rogorc arasdros)minda iseTi namcxvari, rogoric guSin wveulebaze iyo. (rogori namcxvari? _ rogoric wveulebaze iyo.)


romelsac; iseTi...rogoric; romelTa; romelmac; rac; romelsac; vinc; rom; romelic; iseTi...rom.

me is giTxari, ---------------------------- unda meTqva.1. uceb davinaze SeSinebuli bavSvi, ---------------------------- xelebi saxeze aefarebina da SiSisagan 2. sul mTlad kankalebda.---------------------------- gamocdilia, mas unda mivyveT yvela.3. ---------------------------- moyvaresa ar eZebs, igi Tavisa mteria. (rusTaveli)4. ---------------------------- aqamde ar mindoda da ar mjeroda, arc axla ar minda da ar mjera.5.

34

gogona, ---------------------------- kuTxeSi mimjdariyo, Cumad tiroda.6. sjobia, ---------------------------- eg brZaneba aRasrulo.7. Senobis Tavze gamoCnda kaci, ---------------------------- qvemoT darCenilebs xels uqnevda. 8. ---------------------------- Cems Sromas xedavs, ar SeiZleba augi ifiqros Cemze.9. mosavals ---------------------------- piri uCans, ---------------------------- avi TvaliT ar inaxvis. 10. moveswrebi, ---------------------------- mindoda, zamTrisagan daCagrulsa. (akaki)11. nikolozma iqiT miixeda da dainaxa zustad ---------------------------- Senoba, ---------------------------- 12. mdinaris meore napirze idga. gogona TandaTan Sordeboda biWs, ---------------------------- zeviT aweul xels isev uqnevda da 13. Tan raRacas uyviroda. darwmunebuli var, ---------------------------- iq raRac moxda.14. xSiri burusi, ---------------------------- dabla Camowoliliyo da kunT-kunTad ido dedamiwaze, 15. Zalzed abnelebda iqaurobas. (yazb.)ai, aq aris is kaci, ---------------------------- es ambavi moitana. 16. oTaraanT qvrivi am bolo xanebSi kargad xedavda, ---------------------------- Svils guneba ecvala. 17. (ilia)am saocar sanaxaobas TvalebgafarToebuli Sehyurebda patara sandro, ---------------------------- 18. kargad ver gaerkvia ra xdeboda.sofels zemodan dahyurebda ori mTa., ---------------------------- Soris dacemul vakeze odesRac 19. viRac dasaxlebula da gamravlebula.melas ---------------------------- agondeboda, is esizmrebodao. (andaza)20.

9. CasviT romelic kavSiri swori brunvis formiT:

saxli, (1)----------------------------- axla Tqven xedavT, saukunis winaa aSenebuli. igi am qalaqSi cno-bilma sazogado moRvawem aaSena. maSin mas ruseTidan mouwvevia arqiteqtori da saxlis proeqti mas Seuqmnia. amitomacaa es nageboba ase gansxvavebuli sxva Senobebis arqiteqturisagan. is arqiteqtori ise moxiblula qalaqis silamaziT, rom ramdenime xans aq sacxovrebladac darCenila. mas am qalaqSi cxovrebis periodSi xuTi nageboba auSenebia, (2)----------------------------- axlac ki gamorCeulia Tavisi silamaziT. amboben, rom am arqiteqtors, (3)----------------------------- saocrad Sehyvarebia aqauroba, qarTulic ki uswavlia. ai, aseTia istoria am lamazi Senobisa, (4)----------------------------- Tqveni yura-dReba miiqcia. Tqven namdvilad meti ram SeiZleba gaigoT am arqiteqtorisa da misi moRvaweobis Sesaxeb im wignidan, (5)----------------------------- me maqvs da (6)-----------------------------, Tu gnebavT, gaTxovebT. es is wignia, (7)----------------------------- Cemma megobarma Cemi didi TxovniT moskovidan gamoiwera da (8)----------------------------- bevri saintereso ambebia moTxrobili arqiteqturis Sesaxeb.

10. CasviT kavSirebi vinc an romelic (Sesaferis brunvaSi):

Cemi megobari, (1)----------------------------- me Zalian miyvarda, axla germaniaSi cxovrobs. Cven er-Tad gavizardeT, erT skolaSi vswavlobdiT da erTad did dros vatarebdiT. me xSirad vigoneb mas, yovelTvis menatreba igi, (2)--------------------------------- Cemi cxovrebis didi nawili gamitarebia. erTxel Cvenma maswavlebelma, (3)----------------------------- Cven Zalian gviyvarda da (4)----------------------------- gakveTilebis Semdeg vmecadineobdiT xolme, TavisTan dagvpatiJa. ra Tqma unda, wavediT. gzaSi movifiqreT, misTvis torti gveyida. jer erT maRaziaSi mivediT, (5)----------------------------- da-ketili dagvxvda. mere meore maRaziaSi wavediT da iq patara torti da kanfeti `daTunia~ viyideT, (6)----------------------------- orives Zalian gviyvarda. wavediT maswavlebelTan, (7)----------------------------- mdinaris meore mxareze hqonda saxli. zamTari iyo, gza sul yinulebiT iyo dafaruli da nela mivdiodiT. bolos mivediT. zari davrekeT maswavlebelTan, kari gaiRo da uceb... didi ZaRli gamo-varda, ----(8)------------------------- pirdapir Cems megobars miaSura da yefa dauwyo. imas SeeSinda, uceb moisrola parki, (9)----------------------------- tkbileuloba eyara da gaiqca. ZaRlma yefas Tavi aneba da tkbileulobas dauwyo ynosva... Cveni maswavlebeli icinoda, vicinodiT Cvenc.

V. piroba, Sedegi, gamoricxva, ganurCevloba.


pirobaTu / Tuki

rom

Tu / Tuki kargad iswavli, samogzau-rod gagiSveb.es rom gaakeTo, saerTod aRar dage-laparakebi.

35

Sedegiase rom

ris gamoc

dilidan wvimda, ase rom saseirnod wasvlaze aRarc gvifiqria.gadauReblad Tovda, ris gamoc gze-bi Caiketa.

gamoricxva, sapirispiro viTareba

Tumca...maincTumcaRa

miuxedavad imisa, rom

magram maincmarTalia...magram

Tumca Zalian daRlili iyo, mainc swrafad garboda.TumcaRa saqmisa veraferi gaigo, kiTxva mainc ar dausvams.miuxedavad imisa, rom araferi ico-da, gamocdaze (mainc) gavida.avad viyavi, magram mainc wavedi sa-seirnod.marTalia, avad var, magram mainc waval saseirnod.

ararealuri gamoricxvagind

Tund/TundacragindTugind

gindac avad viyo, mainc waval sa-seinod.Tundac araferi miTxra, mainc vxvde bi yvelafers.ragind kargi iyos, ukeTesi yovelT-vis moiZebneba.

ganurCevloba

rac (ar) undavinc (ar) undarogoric (ar)

undasadac (ar) unda

rac unda Tqvas, Sen ar Seepasuxo.vinc unda iyos, sulerTia, es gada-eci.rogoric ar unda iyos, mogitan da Sen Tavad gadawyvite, iyidi Tu ara.sadac ar unda iyos, mogiyvan da rac ginda, is uTxari.


Tumca; Tuki; sadac (ar) unda; ris gamoc; Tundac; rom; miuxedavad imisa, rom; Tu ase rom; gind; ramdenic (ar) unda; rogorc (ar) unda; rac (ar) unda.

Sekreba gvian damTavrda, ---------------------------- Sekrebilebic gvian daiSalnen. 1. ---------------------------- Tqven ar CaudgebiT saTaveSi am axal wamowyebas, me vfiqrob, saqme win 2. ar waiwevs.ar vici, ra moxdeboda, uceb patrulis manqana ---------------------------- ar gamoCeniliyo.3. ---------------------------- davaleba Sesrulebuli ar geqneba, gakveTilze misvla namdvilad ar 4. Rirs. ---------------------------- am saqmis araferi gaegeboda, mainc cdilobda mTeli saqmianoba Tavad 5. waremarTa. ---------------------------- ---------------------------- sxdomis wamyvani metad aRelvebuli da SeSfoTe-6. buli iyo momxdari faqtiT, yvelaferma mainc mSvidobian da saqmian atmosferoSi Caiara. saRamos kokispiruli wvima wamovida, ---------------------------- saseirnod wasvlaze ukve lapa-7. rakic ki zedmeti iyo.---------------------------- Cemi sikeTe ginda, es yvelaferi male unda gaakeTo.8. pirvelad es qali wveulebaze naxa, ---------------------------- bevri ram gaego mis Sesaxeb.9. oTaxs mxolod erTi patara sarkmeli hqonda, arc naTura iyo, ---------------------------- wignis 10. kiTxva sruliad SeuZlebeli iyo. me ---------------------------- sxvanairad moviqce, RmerTi mainc Tavisas mohkiTxavs yvelas. 11. ---------------------------- ---------------------------- yvela daRlili iyo, restoranSi wasvla mainc 12. moindomes.---------------------------- organizacia daTqmul vadaSi ar Seasrulebs xelSekrulebiT gaTvali-13. swinebul yvela punqts, xelSekrulebis pirobebi darRveulad CaiTvleba.---------------------------- SevxvdebiT erTmaneTs kidev rodisme, gTxovT micnobdeT. (ilia)14. Sexvedridan metad gulgatexili dabrunda, ---------------------------- imeds mainc ar kargavda. 15. ---------------------------- ---------------------------- waxvide, yvelgan erTi da igive uwesrigoba da-16. gxvdeba.

36

samaSvelo jgufi ---------------------------- droze ar mosuliyo, es uwyinari garToba SeiZleboda 17. tragediiT dasrulebuliyo.imas ---------------------------- eswavla, misgan kargi specialisti dadgeboda.18. ---------------------------- ---------------------------- moxdes, Cven mainc erTad viqnebiT.19. ---------------------------- ewyinos, aucileblad unda uTxra.20. mSvenieri saRamo iyo, ---------------------------- im saRamos iq davrCi. (ilia)21. ---------------------------- Tqven yvela im SeniSvnasa da survils gaiTvaliswinebT, rac recenziaSia 22. warmodgenili, Tqveni naSromi sabolood karg saxes miiRebs.---------------------------- momkali, mainc verafers getyvi.23. ---------------------------- daRlilic iyo da ugunebobac etyoboda, ---------------------------- Ti-24. Toeul sityvas yuradRebiT miTargmnida. ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ilaparako, Seni mainc aRar mjera.25. qalaqSi mxolod erTi klinika iyo, ---------------------------- iq misuls sakmaod did rigSi uwevda 26. dgoma.---------------------------- ---------------------------- uTxra, Sensas mainc ar daijerebs.27. am sastumroSi siamovnebiT davrCebodi, ---------------------------- Tavisufali nomeri iqneboda.28. ---------------------------- am sazogadoebaSi vinmes sapirispiro azri ara aqvs aRniSnuli proble-29. mis arsebobis Sesaxeb, maSin SesaZleblad mimaCnia am problemis gadasaWreli gzebis Ziebis dawyeba. ---------------------------- ---------------------------- cud gunebaze iyos, Svilis danaxvaze saxe gaunaT-30. deba xolme.

Semajamebeli savarjiSoebi:

12. gaasworeT Secdomebi:

antarqtida erTaderTi materikia, romelzedac ar aris mdinare. 1. maRali wnevis qveS wylis gayinvisas warmoiqmneba yinuli, rac dneba 82 gradusze nuls zemoT, 2. amisaTvis aseT yinuls cxel yinuls uwodeben. xval Sekrebaze unda gamocxaddes yvela, romelmac gaiara samedicino Semowmeba. 3. maxviliT miyenebuli Wriloba ganikurneba da adamianis sityviT miyenebuli Wriloba ganu-4. kurnebelia. naTqvamia, mze janmrTel Tvalebs exmareba mxedvelobaSi oRond avadmyof Tvalebs ki vnebso. 5. is, romelic daagvianebs dakisrebuli jarimis miTiTebul droSi gadaxdas, dajarimdeba dawese-6. buli jarimis aTmagi odenobiT. sityva milioni, rac aTasjer aTass niSnavs, didi xani araa, rac Seiqmna. igi gamoigona marko 7. polom, vinc cnobili mogzauri iyo. sityva `mile~ niSnavs àTass~, xolo – òne~ gamadidebeli daboloebaaa.samxreT afrikaSi izrdeba xe, rasac hqvia `Zroxis xe~. igi iZleva rZis magvar TeTr wvens, rac 8. metad tkbili da noyieria. cimbirSi, romelSic wlis ganmavlobaSi sakmaod dabali temperaturaaa, Zalian iSviaTia foT-9. lovani tyeebi. im adamians, visac ar SeuZlia sxvisi TanagrZnoba, arc daxmareba SeuZlia da arc Tanadgoma. 10.

13. CasviT swori kavSirebi:istoriul Temas, (1) ___________________ mxatvruli nawarmoebis masalas, or SemTxvevaSi mimar-

Tavs mwerali. pirveli maSin, (2) _________________ surs ama Tu im xalxis istoriis suli gadmosces, (3) _________________ meored maSin, (4) _________________ istoriuli masala gamodgeba (5) __________________________________ alegoriiis moSveliebiT gamoTqvas azri. (6) _________________ konkretuli nimuSebis dasaxelebaa saWiro, SeiZleba gavixsenoT niko lorTqifaniZis moTxroba ̀ mris-xane batoni~, ̀ JamTa siave~, ̀ raindebi~ da konstantine gamsaxurdias ̀ didostatis marjvena~. marTalia, niko lorTqifaniZe yovelTvis SeniSnavs, (7) _________________ mis moTxrobebSi àraistoriuli am-bavia~ aRwerili, (8) _________________ es xels ar uSlis mwerals zustad gadmosces saqarTvelos istoriiis suli. `didostatis marjvena~ ki ZiriTadad alegoriuli romania. amis sabuTad Tavad k. gamsaxurdias naTqvamic kmara: am romaniT Cemi poeturi mrwamsi gadmovecio.

am weriliSi n. lorTqifaniZis zemoxsenebul sam moTxrobaze iqneba saubari. (9) __________________________________ uSualod maT SevexebodeT, (10) _________________ yuradReba mivapyroT ramdenime koncefcias, gatarebuls ̀ qarTlis cxovrebaSi~, (11) _________________ mere ki vnaxoT, ra gadaitana matianidan Tavis moTxrobebSi mweralma.

yvelas kargad moexseneba erTi ambavi, (12) _________________ leonti mroveli mogviTxrobs.

37

(13) _________________ aleqsandre makedonels saqarTvelo daupyria, qveynis mmarTvelad azoni dausvams. aleqsandres mouklavs mcxeTis mamasaxlisi samarac da misi Zmac. samaras sami wlis Zmiswu-li farnavazi dedas kavkasiis mTebSi gauxiznavs. amiT gadaurCenia dedas Svili sikvdilisagan. (14) _________________ farnavazi davaJkacebula, Seukrebia yovelni qarTvelni, SebrZolebia azons, daumarcxebia igi da Tavad gamxdara saqarTvelos mefe. da bolos leonti mroveli dasZens: `ese farnavaz iyo pirveli mefe qarTlsa Sina qarTlosisa naTesavTagani. aman ganavrco ena qarTuli da arRara izraxeboda sxua ena qarTlsa Sina Tvinier qarTulisa. da aman Seqmna mwignobroba qarTuli.~

bunebrivia, (15) _________________ amis wakiTxvis Semdeg gagiCndeba kiTxva _ ratom daakavSira me-matianem qarTuli enis gavrcelebisa (16) _________________qarTuli mwignobrobis Seqmna aleqsandre makedonelis laSqrobisa (17) _________________berZenTa mier xelmwifed dasmuli kacis azonisa gan Tavdaxsnis periodTan? kiTxvas (18) _________________ vupasuxoT, unda gavixsenoT _ ras Cauyara safuZveli aleqsandre makedonelma (19) _________________ra xdeboda elinizmis dros.

....................................qarTuli erovnuli Tavdacva sam Zalas eyrdnoba _ qarTuli ena, kavkasiiis xalxTa Zmoba, qris-

tianoba. (20) _________________ase iqneba monRolTa Semosevamde. maTi gabatonebis Semdeg mdgo-mareoba arsebiTad Seicvleba. daiwyeba Tavdacvis pasiuri iaraRis gamoyeneba _ qveynis gadarCenis mizniT zvarakad Tavis dadeba. es pasiuri koncefcia mTlianad Secvlis Zvel aqtiur koncefcias.... es msxverplis gaRebis koncefciaa. TandaTanobiT knindeba (21) _________________knindeba Cve-ni qveyana. amgvari cvlileba safuZveli gaxda (22) _________________ politikuri dacemisa, (23) _________________kulturuli daqveiTebisac. daqveiTebis procesi bunebrivia, rameTu eri aRar aq-tiurobs. xalxi pasiurad elis gmirs, (24) _________________konkretul istoriul periodSi mxsne-lad moevlineba qveyanas.

(akaki baqraZe `sevda istoriisa~, wignidan `akaki baqraZe skolas~)

14. SeadgineT rTuli winadadeba, gamoiyeneT swori maqvemdebarebeli kavSiri:patara nika fexburTs ver TamaSobs, ------------------------ fexi itkina. (raTa, radgan) 1. giorgi germaniaSi gafrenas ver axerxebs, is unda wavides aeroportis salaroSi, 2. -------------------------- gadacvalos bileTi sxva dReze. (raTa, radgan) TeatrSi dampatiJes, magram ver wavedi, -------------------------------- avad viyavi. (raTa, radgan) 3. guSin sagadasaxado inspeqciaSi wavedi, -------------------------------- kargad gamerkvia is prob-4. lemebi, rac organizaciis muSaobaSi gamovlinda. (raTa, radgan) gTxovT, damrToT neba, -------------------------------- testireba xelaxla gaviaro. (rom, radgan)5. --------------------------------, rom qalaqidan gasvla momixda, ver Cavabare gamocda. gTxovT damr-6. ToT gamocdis Cabarebis neba. (imis gamo, imisTvis)Tqven winaSe dgas is Semoqmedi, -------------------------------- didad Seuwyo xeli axalgazrda Tao-7. baSi erovnuli grZnobis Camoyalibebas. (vinc, romelmac)es swored is saxlia, -------------------------------- TbilisSi yofnisas cxovrobda akaki. (sadac, 8. romelSic)me vfiqrob, rom ise moqceva, -------------------------------- guSin Cveni momxsenebeli moiqca, ubra-9. lod uxerxulia. (rogorc, rogoric)ara mgonia, es iseTi qolga iyos, -------------------------------- me minda. (rogorc, rogoric)10.

15. mocemulia ori winadadeba. daakavSireT isini gamoricxvisa da sapirispiro viTarebis gamomxat-veli kavSirebiT.

qalaqs eleqtroenergia ar miewodeboda. moZraoba ar Sewyvetila.1. cudi amindi iyo. frena ganxorcielda.2. sakiTxis arsSi kargad ver gaerkvia. diskusiaSi Caeba.3. didi sastumro iyo. nomrebi dakavebuli aRmoCnda.4. Rrubliani amindi iyo. zRvaze gavdiodiT.5. luarsabi uSvilo iyo. amaze didad ar wuxda.6. oTaraanT qvrivi SvilisaTvis Tavdadebuli deda iyo. Svils winaaRmdegoba ar gauwia, rom sa-7. xlidan wasuliyo da mojamagired damdgariyo.ilia WavWavaZis mTeli Semoqmedeba erovnuli problemebiT iyo aRbeWdili. igi did yuradRebas 8. uTmobda msoflioSi mimdinare procesebs.globalizacia ganviTarebuli sazogadoebis axali xedvaa. axal TaobaSi erovnuli cnobierebis 9. Camoyalibeba umniSvnelovnesi sakiTxia sazogadoebis ganviTarebisaTvis.reforma sazogadoebis ganviTarebas emsaxureba. sazogadoebis didi nawili Znelad egueba mas. 10.


CamoayalibeT msjeloba TqvenTvis sasurvel Temebze. gamoiyeneT pirobis, Sedegis, gamoricxvisa da sapirispiro viTarebis gamomxatveli kavSirebi.

38

vwerT oficialuri stiliT

saqmiani qaRaldebi

oficialuri dokumentebis sworad Sedgena pirovnebis weriT kulturas yvelaze TvalsaCinod avlens. ZiriTadad, aseTi dokumentebis sayovelTaod miRebuli forma arsebobs da pirovnebac swored am formis mixedviT adgens misTvis saWiro dokuments. amitom aucilebelia vicodeT sxva-dasxva saxis oficialuri dokumentis sworad Sedgena.

I. sainformacio gancxadeba

sainformacio gancxadeba sazogadoebas auwyebs raime informacias: saiubileo saRamos, Sex-vedris, prezentaciis da sxva amgvari RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb. sainformacio gancxadeba unda iyos mokle, lakonuri da informaciuli. masSi yvela informacia srulad unda iyos warmodgenili: sad, rodis, romel saaTze, ra Sinaarsisa da ra formatis Sexvedra Sedgeba

furclis marjvena kuTxeSi miewereba ganmcxadeblis vinaoba.

nimuSi:

g a n c x a d e b a samSabaTs, saRamos 7 saaTze, Sedgeba XI klasis moswavleebis mier Seqmnili dokumenturi filmis

Cveneba. Cveneba gaimarTeba skolis saaqto darbazSi.

moswavleTa kavSiri


SeadgineT sainformacio gancxadebebi qvemoT mocemul Temebze:

saiubileo sxdomis gamarTva;1. moswavleTa kavSiris sxdomis gamarTva;2. samecniero konferenciis mowyoba;3. samecniero konferenciis gamarTva;4. saaxalwlo zeimis gamarTva;5. moswavleTa SemoqmedebiTi saRamos gamarTva;6. mSobelTa krebis mowveva;7. dokumenturi filmebis Cveneba;8. eqskursiis mowyoba;9. testireba.10.

II. pirovnebis gancxadeba

pirovnebis gancxadeba aris speciluri formiT Sedgenili teqsti, romliTac pirovneba iTxovs raRacas dawesebulebisagan. pirovnebis gancxadeba SeiZleba iyos nebarTvis aRebis, gaTavisufleb-is, vadis Secvlis, gacdenili saaTebis sapatiod CaTvlis Sesaxeb, aseve igi SeiZleba Seicavdes Txovnas, saCivars, Setyobinebas. yovelgvari gancxadeba iwereba erTi saerTo formis mixedviT, romlisaTvisac damaxasiaTebelia Semdegi niSnebi:

furclis marjvena mxares iwereba, Tu vis miemarTeba gancxadeba.1. momdevno xazze iwereba, Tu visganaa gancxadeba.2. erTi xazis gamotovebiT gamokveTilad iwereba sityva `3. gancxadeba~.kidev erTi xazis gamotovebiT abzaciT iwereba ZiriTadi teqsti, romelic aucileblad unda 4. Seicavdes gancxadebis daweris mizezs, dasabuTebas da ganmcxadeblis survils. gancxadebis axsniTi nawili SeiZleba erT abzacze meti iyos, am SemTxvevaSi ganmcxadeblis survili dai-wereba abzaciT da daiwyeba sityviT `gTxovT~.ZiriTadi teqstis Semdeg erTi xazis gamotovebiT iwereba ori informacia: furclis 5. marcxe-na mxares _ TariRi, marjvena mxares _ ganmcxadeblis xelis mowera.

39

gancxadebis forma

qalaq quTaisis me-6 sajaro skolis direqtors baton guram maisuraZes amave skolis moswavlis giorgi gogolaZis

g a n c x a d e b a

gTxovT ojaxuri pirobebis gamo gamaTavisufloT gakveTilebidan ama wlis 15 oqtombers da gacdenili saaTebi CamiTvaloT sapatiod..

10. X. 2007 w. g. gogolaZe


SeadgineT sainformacio gancxadebebi qvemoT mocemul Temebze:

avadmyofobis gamo gacdenili saaTebis sapatiod CaTvla;1. gamocdis gadatana;2. sabuTebis gatana sxva skolaSi gadasvlasTan dakavSirebiT;3. klasis Secvla;4. skolis biblioTekiT sargeblobis nebarTva;5. niSnebis furclis gacemis Txovna;6. gamocdis eqsternad Cabarebis nebarTva;7. akademiuri wlis aReba sazRvargareT gamgzavrebis gamo;8. gacvliTi wlis programaSi monawileobis nebarTva;9. sabazo skolis atestatis gacemis Txovna.10.

III. moxsenebiTi da axsna-ganmartebiTi baraTi / gancxadeba

moxsenebiTi da axsna-ganmartebiTi baraTi iwereba gancxadebis formatiT, mis msgavsad, magram igi gacilebiT vrceli da informaciuli unda iyos. moxsenebiTi baraTi, ZiriTadad, Sesrulebuli samuSaos Sesaxeb informaciis miwodebas gulisxmobs, xolo axsna-ganmartebiT baraTSi Cans pirovne-bis (an organizaciis) survili an moTxovna.

gancxadebis nimuSebi:

q. Tbilisis 28-e sajaro skolis direqtors qalbaton elene gorgaZes amave skolis qarTuli enisa da literaturis maswavleblis mariam gogsaZis

moxsenebiTi baraTi

gacnobebT, rom ama wlis 20-21 oqtombers XI klasis moswavleebma Cemi organizatorobiT moaw-yves eqskursia mesxeTSi. sameurveo sabWos gadawyvetilebiT samgzavro Tanxa gaica skolis biu-jetidan. Tanxis odenoba Seadgenda 250 lars. eqskursia warmatebiT Catarda, gamoyofili Tanxa ga-daericxa satransporto gaerTianebas angariSis nomerze: # 654934271134679. garda satransporto Tanxisa, erTi Ramis gaTevis safasuri Tanxa, 180 lari, gadairicxa sastumro `mesxeTis~ angariSze, # 756442647863902; RamisTevis Tanxa Tavad moswavleebma gaiRes.

warmogidgenT gadaricxuli Tanxis Sesabamis qviTrebsa da sxva dokumentacias.

25. X. 2007 w. e. gogsaZe

40

q. quTaisis me-5 sajaro skolis direqtors baton irkli axvledians

amave skolis buRaltris maia laRiZis

axsna-ganmartebiTi baraTi

mogaxsenebT, rom saremonto samuSaoebisaTvis skolis biujetidan samSeneblo firmis angariSze gadairicxa Tanxa 3400 laris odenobiT, angariSis nomeri: # 785098234616835. Catarda garkveuli samuSao, magram ramdenime oTaxis garemonteba ver dasrulda da saremonto samuSao dausrulebeli darCa. darCenili samuSaos gagrZelebisaTvis saWiroa 850 lari, rac unda gamoiyos skolis biu-jetidan. gancxadebas Tan erTvis saremonto samuSaoebisaTvis saWiro masalis sia.

5. IX. 2007 w. m. laRiZe


SeadgineT moxsenebiTi da axsna-ganmartebiTi gancxadebebi qvemoT mocemul Temebze:

skolaSi Catarebuli samecniero konferenciis Sesaxeb;1. saiubileo sxdomis Sesaxeb;2. antinarkotikuli moZraobis Sesaxeb;3. skolaSi Catarebuli konkursis Sesaxeb;4. sportuli Sejibris Catarebis Sesaxeb. 5.

IV. xelwerili

xelwerili aris oficialuri dokumenti, romelSic warmodgenilia pirovnebis an organizaciis pasuxismgebloba garkveuli sakiTxisadmi. xelwerils xels awers Tavad Semdgeni da igi SeiZleba damowmdes sxva piris an notariusis mier. xelwerili SeiZleba iyos materialuri, finansuri an moraluri pasuxismgeblobis amsaxveli.

xelwerilis nimuSi:

xelwerili

qalaq Tbilisis 34-e skolis moswavlis aleqsandre abakelias mSobelma, guram abakeliam, a. w. 24 noembers skolis arqividan gavitane Cemi Svilis dabadebis mowmoba saWiroebis adgilze warsad-genad.

dabadebis mowmoba skolis samdivnos unda Cavabaro gatanis dRidan araugvianes or kviraSi.

24. X. 2007 w. skolis mdivani: v. melaZe. mSobeli: g. abakelia


SeadgineT xelwerilis teqsti qvemoT mocemul Temebze:

fuladi sesxi;1. sakuTar qmedebaze moraluri pasuxismgebloba (pirobiT, rom Cadenili saqcieli aRar ganmeor-2. deba);skolis biblioTekidan wignis erTaderTi egzemplaris gatana da daTqmul vadaSi dabrunebis 3. valdebuleba;skolis saxelmZRvaneloebiT sargebloba maTi dauzianeblad dabrunebis valdebulebiT;4. proeqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli samuSaos SesrulebisaTvis skolis kompiuteris gatana droebiTi 5. sargeblobis mizniT dauzianeblad dabrunebis valdebulebiT.

41

V. avtobiografia da e. w. CV

avtobiografia aris pirovnebis mier ganvlili cxovrebis da mis mier miRweuli Sedege-bis aRwera garkveuli mizniT. avtobiografiaSi ZiriTadad aRiwereba pirovnebis vinaoba, misi ojaxuri mdgomareoba, ganaTleba, dakavebuli Tanamdebobebi an sxva saqmianoba. avtobiografiis Tanamedrove saxeobaa egreT wodebuli CV, rac momdinareobs laTinuri sityvidan: `Curriculum vitae~ [kurikulum vite] `cxovrebis mimdinareoba~; visime cxovrebis aRwera, mokle cnobebi vi-sime cxovrebis Sesaxeb~ (ucxo sityvaTa leqsikoni)

avtobiografiis nimuSi:

a v t o b i o g r a f i a

me, mariam maisuraZe, davibade 1972 wlis 4 seqtembers. 1979-1989 wlebSi vswavlobdi quTaisis pirvel saSualo skolaSi. 1994 wels Cavabare Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis ekonomikis fakultetze. 1999 wels davamTavre universiteti da amave wlidan daviwye muSaoba quTaisis gamgeobaSi specialistis Tanamdebobaze. 2001 wlidan gadamiyvanes ufros specialistad. 2002 wlidan vmuSaob quTaisis sagadasaxado samsaxurSi ganyofilebis gamgis moadgiled.

vflob qarTul, rusul da inglisur enebs. myavs meuRle da erTi Svili. 3. II. 2006 w. m. maisuraZe

CV

mariam maisuraZe

CV

misamarTi: q, quTaisi, aRmaSeneblis q. # 34

sakontaqto telefonebi: 6-74-21; 8 77 38-39-80. e-mail: [email protected]

dabadebis TariRi: 1972 w. 4. IX

ganaTleba: 1994-1999 Tbilisis i. javaxisvilis saxelobis saxelmwifo universitetis ekono-mikis fakulteti.

kvalifikacia: ekonomisti

samuSao gamocdileba: 1999 wlidan _ quTaisis gamgeobaSi specialistis Tanamdebobaze. 2001 wlidan _ ufrosi specialisti. 2002 wlidan _ quTaisis sagadasaxado samsaxurSi ganyofilebis gamgis moadgile.

unar-Cvevebi:rusuli _ Tavisuflad; inglisuri _ kargad.kompiuteruli programebi: vflob kompiuters gamoyenebis doneze, Microsoft Windows da

Microsoft Word.

interesebi:kiTxva da mogzauroba.

ojaxuri mdgomareoba: meuRle da erTi Svili.

42


SeadgineT:Tqveni avtobiografia;1. Tqveni 2. CV

VI. daxasiaTeba, rekomendacia

daxasiaTeba aris pirovnebis maxasiaTebeli Tvisebebis werilobiT Camoyalibeba. daxasiaTebis forma ZiriTadad gavrcelebulia saskolo cxovrebaSi..

rekomendacia aris pirovnebis muSaobis an saqmianobis Sesaxeb dadebiTi werilobiTi daxasi-aTeba. rekomendacia pirovnebas miecema konkursze gasasvlelad, sxva samuSaoze an organizaciaSi warsadgenad.

daxasiaTebis nimuSi:

daxasiaTeba

Tornike kekelia aris dadebiTi pirovneba. igi gamoirCeva gonierebiT, kargi qceviT. Tornike aqtiurad monawileobs moswavleTa TviTSemoqmedebis RonisZiebebSi. gansakuTrebul midrekilebas amJRavnebs teqnikuri sagnebisadmi. aris yuradRebiani, megobruli, ukonfliqto pirovneba, agreTve TviTkritikuli, kargad afasebs sakuTar SesaZleblobebs. igi aqtiuri pirovnebaa da xSirad karg wamowyebaTa iniciatori.

5.III. 2006 w. klasis damrigebeli m. TvalavaZe.

rekomendaciis nimuSi:

r e k o m e n d a c i a

elene gelaSvili aris kargi pedagogi.. igi ramdenime welia aswavlis qarTul enas araqarTvel msmenelebs. misi gakveTilebi yovelTvis gamoirCeva maRali profesionalizmiT, meToduri gamar-TulobiTa da axali strategiebis kargi codniT. elene gelaSvili mzardi pirovnebaa, mas mudmivad surs srulyos Tavisi codna da aimaRlos profesiuli done. ramdenime xnis win gaiara kvalifi-kaciis asamaRlebeli kursebi. igi am kursebze daeufla uaxles meTodebsa da strategiebs, amiT srulyo Tavisi codna.

elene gelaSvili aris ninowmindis `enis saxlis~ TanamSromeli. igi aris kargad organizebuli da pasuxismgeblobis grZnobis mqone pirovneba. misi damokidebuleba msmenelebTan da moswavleeb-Tan gamorCeulia, igi aris momTxovni, magram amave dros samarTlianobis unariT dajildoebuli pedagogi, amitom masTan moswavleebi kargad grZnoben Tavs.

kidev unda aRiniSnos misi erT-erTi gamorCeuli Tviseba, igi gawonasworebuli pirovneba da amave dros gunduri muSaobis unariT dajildoebuli adamiania. misi es Tvisebac aadvilebs masTan muSaobas.

aqve unda aRiniSnos elenes pirovnebis iseTi Tvisebebi, rac mas sando da Seucvlel megobrad warmoaCens. igi aris samarTliani, TanagrZnobis unariT aRsavse, mas siamovnebs adamianebisTvis daxmarebis gaweva da Tanadgoma.

nana kandelaki Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis profesori


SeadgineT teqsti qvemoT mocemul Temebze:

ramdenime Tqveni klaselis daxasiaTeba;1. Tqveni ojaxis wevris daxasiaTeba;2. Tqveni daxasiaTeba, dainaxeT Tqveni Tavi direqtoris, klasis damrigeblis, erT-erTi sagnis 3. maswavleblis, fsiqologis, megobris, amxanagis, klaselis poziciidan.rekomendacia Tqveni megobris konkursze warsadgenad;4. warmosaxviTi rekomendacia romelime Tqveni maswavleblisaTvis;5.

43

VII. oqmi

oqmi aris raime oficialuri Sekrebis aRwera. oqms ZiriTadad adgens specialurad gamoyofili pirovneba (mdivani) da adasturebs sxdomis Tavmjdomare. oqms Tan erTvis orive xelmowera.

saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi keTdeba oqmis amonaweri.

oqmis nimuSi:

Tbilisis ivane javaxiSvilis saxelmwifo universitetis humanitaruli fakultetis gafarToe-buli sabWos sxdomis

oqmi # 5 25 marti, 2007 w. eswrebodnen _ fakultetis sabWos wevrebi _ 148 wevri

dRis wesrigi _ 1. fakultetis instituciuri mowyoba 2. sagamomcemlo sabWos arCevnebi 3. humanitaruli fakultetis samivlinebo xarjebis gamanawilebeli komisiis arCeva.

moismines: humanitaruli fakultetis dekanis informacia instituciuri mowyobis Sesaxeb. ins-titutSi erTiandebian erTi dargis specialistebi, institutSi gaerTiandeba ramdenime departa-menti. departamenti moicavs kvlevis mimarTulebebs.

azri gamoTqves: unda Seiqmnas ukrainistikis instituti, xolo qarTvelologiuri skolis centri safakulteto organo iqneba. gamoiTqva mosazreba am ukanasknelis saxelwodebis Sesaxeb. gamoiTqva mosazrebebi, Tu ra daerqvas mas: qarTvelologiuri centri Tu qarTvelologiuri skola.

kamaTSi monawileoba miiRes: m. jiqiam, d. meliqiSvilma, T. doliZem, z. sxirtlaZem. gamoiTqva azri imis Sesaxeb, rom unda Seiqmnas qarTuli mwignobruli enis istoriisa da enobriv-teqstolo-giuri departamenti.

daadgines: fakultetze Seiqmnas ramdenime instituti da departamenti. kenWi uyaron, vin aris

momxre, winaaaRmdegi, Tavi vin Seikava. winaaRmdegi ar aRmoCnda, Tavi Seikava samma damswrem.

moismines: humanitaruli fakultetis dekanis informacia sagamomcemlo kolegiis Seqmnis Ses-axeb.

daadgines: Seiqmnas droebiTi sagamomcemlo kolegia 4 wevris SemadgenlobiT

moismines: humanitaruli fakultetis dekanis informacia humanitaruli fakultetis samivline-bo xarjebis gamanawilebeli komisiis Seqmnis Sesaxeb.

daadgines: Seiqmnas humanitaruli fakultetis samivlinebo xarjebis gamanawilebeli komisia 3 wevris SemadgenlobiT:

daadgines: cnobil enaTmecniers, profesor ian brauns mieniWos ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis sapatio profesoris wodeba.

sxdomis Tavmjdomare --------------------------------

sxdomis mdivani --------------------------------

44

amonaweris nimuSi

Tbilisis ivane javaxiSvilis saxelmwifo universitetis humanitaruli fakultetis gafarToe-buli sabWos sxdomis

oqmi # 5a m o n a w e r i

25 marti, 2007 w.eswrebodnen _ fakultetis sabWos wevrebi _ 148 wevridRis wesrigi _ 1. fakultetis intituciuri mowyoba2. sagamomcemlo sabWos arCevnebi3. humanitarul fakultetis samovlinebo xarjebis gamanawilebeli komisiis arCeva.moismines: humanitaruli fakultetis dekanis informacia instituciuri mowyobis Sesaxeb. insti-

tutSi erTiandebian erTi dargis specialistebi, institutSi Seva ramdenime departamenti. depar-tamenti moicavs kvlevis mimarTulebebs.

kamaTSi monawileoba miiRes: m. jiqiam, d. meliqiSvilma, T. doliZem, z. sxirtlaZem.

azri gamoTqves: unda Seiqmnas ukrainistikis instituti.

daadgines: Seiqmnas ukrainistikis instituti.

sxdomis Tavmjdomare --------------------------------

sxdomis mdivani --------------------------------


SeadgineT teqsti qvemoT mocemul Temebze:

moswavleTa Sekrebis oqmi;1. mSobelTa krebis oqmi.2.

45

t e s t e b i

1. testi

1. romelia swori forma: is kargad da gemovnebiT...................... a) icvavs b) icmevs g) icvams

2. romelia swori daweriloba: a) me-25 b) 25-e g) me-25-e d) XXV-e

3. Casvi swori forma: ra .................. aseT saqciels? a) qvia b) hqvian g) hqvia d) qvian

4. romelia swori: a) karis-kaci b) kariskaci g) karis kaci

5. romeli dawerilobaa marTebuli: a) aTas cxraasormocdaxuTi b) aTas cxraas ormocdaxuTi g) aTascxraas ormocdaxuTi d) aTas cxraas ormocda xuTi

6. CasviT zmnis swori forma: falavnebi tanze qons ...................... a) isvavden b) isvamdnen g) isvamden d) isvavdnen

7. romelia swori forma: a) svavs b) wnavs g) izavs d) dgavs

8. romelia araswori forma: a) ganmaTavisufleT b) gamaTavisufleT g) gamanTavisufleT

9. romelia swori forma: a) SeerTebina b) SeeerTebina g) SeeerTa d) SeerTa

10. gaasworeT: gzavrma kiTxa meurmes visia Zmobilo egi xari

2. testi

1. romelia swori forma: a) cxadvyof b) cxadvyob g) cxad-vyof d) cxad vyof

2. romel SemTxvevaSia gamoyenebuli umarTebulo forma: a)lia Cemsken gamoiqca b) giorgi Cemken modioda g) Cvenken axali araferia d) burTi Senken gadmovarda

3. romelia swori forma: nino fanjaras ........................... a)swmends b) wmends g) swmindavs d) wmindavs

4. CasviT swori forma: giorgi ................. brZaneba gamosca. a) VIII b) VIII-em g) VIII-m d) me-VIII-m

5. CasviT nacvalsaxeli swori formiT: man araferi icoda ......... Sesaxeb. a) Cvens b) Cven

6. gaasworeT: nefe dedofals uamravi xalxi misdevden

7. romeli dawerilobaa swori: a) TxuTmeti aTasSvidasormocdarva b) TxuTmetiaTas Svidas ormocdarva g) TxuTmeti aTas Svidasormocdarva d) TxuTmeti aTas Svidas ormocdarva

46

8. dawereT sworad: vaxtangim sairmes goraze uzar-mazari saxli aaSena.

9. CasviT swori formiT: ......................, gamodi dafasTan! a) baramiZev b) baramiZe g) baramiZeo

10. dasviT sasveni niSnebi: ui Sen ki genacvalos deda nu geSinia mgeli ki ar aris Svlis nukria uTxra patara biWs qalma

3. testi

1. romelia swori damarcvla: a) meb-ad-uri b) me-bad-uri g) me-ba-du-ri d) meba-duri

2. romelia swori forma: a) dauxativar b) davuxativar g) davuxatnivar d) dauxatnivar

3. romelia swori daweriloba: a) kilonaxevari b) kilo-naxevari g) kilo naxevari

4. CasviT swori forma: didi safiqrali hqonda ...................... a) samiveT b) samTaves g) samsaves d) samives

5. gamoiyeneT swori forma: am films .................... bavSvebi ver daeswrebian. a) mcire-wlovani b) mcirewlovani g) mcire wlovani

6. romelia swori daweriloba: a) ara srul wlovani b) ara srulwlovani g) arasrul wlovani d) arasrulwlovani

7. CasviT Sesaferisi nawilaki: rogorc ki movedi, maSinve vuTxari, mefe Tavisi amaliT modis a) -meTqi b) -Tqva g) -Tqo d) o

8. romelia swori forma: a) ayal-mayali b) ayalmayali g) ayal mayali

9. gaasworeT winadadeba: qalma romelmac kiTxvis qveS daayena prezidentis avtoriteti sasamarTlos winaSe warsdgeba

10. dawereT gamarTulad: maS ase ara Cailaparika oTarim da Tamazis dauZaxa aba Tamazi ivarge da gvasaxele

4. testi

1. SearCieT swori forma: salome dilidan ............................. simReras mReroda. a) erTi da igive b) erTsa da igive g) erTsa da imave d) erTi da imave

2. romeli araa mimarTvis swori forma: a) akaki b) gurami g) evgeni d) dimitri

3. romelia swori forma: a) urCevnivar b) vurCevnivar g) vvurCevnivar d) vurCevnivvar

4. romelia swori forma: a) sdgas b) sCans g) stiris d) swers

47

5. CasviT zmnis swori forma: Zvelad xalxi Savi Wirisagan .................... a) kvdeboda b) ixoceboda g) kvdebodnen d) ixocebodnen

6. romelia swori Sesityveba: a) saubars gaabamen b) saubars gaabaven g) saubars gaabmen

7. SearCieT swori forma: im yvelafers kargad ver ........................... a) avRwer b) aRvwer g) aRvRwer

8. dasviT sasveni niSnebi: ara ara magas rogor ambob Sen rom ar gendo sxvas viRas vendo gakvirvebiT Tqva rezom

9. romelia swori daweriloba: a) ubanuban b) uban uban g) uban-uban d) uban, uban

10. gaasworeT: Tu gaxsovs Cemo kargo ra dro iyo kiTxa sulxanim SeSinebuls oTaris

5. testi

1. romelia araswori forma: a) madloba minda gadagixadoT b) madloba minda mogaxsenoT g) madloba minda mogixadoT

2. romelia swori daweriloba: a) me-15 b) me-15-e g) 15-e d) me-XV

3. romelia swori daweriloba: a) 1950-55 ww.-ebSi b) 1950-55 w.-ebSi g) 1950-55 ww.-Si d) 1950-55 ww.-eb-Si

4. CasviT swori forma: me Cems danaSauls ar ............................ a) vuaryof b) uaryof g) vuaryof d) uarvyof

5. dawereT swori formiT: Cemi saxli ..................... quCaze mdebareobs. a) maCabelis b) maCablis

6. romelia swori: xval ....................... mivdivar. a) jemalisTan b) jemalsTan g) jemalTan

7. romelia swori forma: a) TviTeuli b) TiToeuli g) TviToeuli d) TiTveuli

8. pirdapiri naTqvami gadaakeTeT iribad: _ magis uari rodis miTqvams? _ CurCuliT miugo gvadim.

9. romelia swori daweriloba: a) oTxmocdaTxuTmeti b) oTxmocda TxuTmeti g) oTxmozda TxuTmeti d) oTxmozdaTxuTmeti

10. gamarTeT winadadeba: rato ar unda vWamoT genacvalos darejani RvTis wyalobiT bevri gvaqs anugeSa darejanim gana

Sen ara xar yvelaferis batonpatroni

6. testi

1. sityvis romeli dayofaa swori gadasatanad: a) mis-mens b) mi-smens g) mism-ens d) arc erTi

48

2. romelia swori forma: a) viRaceebi b) viRacebi g) viRacaebi

3. CasviT zmnis swori forma: es Rvino me ar ........................ a) damisxavs b) damisxia g) damisxams

4. romelia swori daweriloba: a) uzrunvelvyof b) vuzrunvelvyof g) vuzrunvelyof

5. romelia umarTebulo forma: a) gaganTavisufleb b) gagaTavisufleb g) gangaTavisufleb

6. dawereT romauli cifrebiT: erekle meorem bevri brZola moigo.

7. SearCieT swori forma: dRes CemTvis vinmes xom ar .................... ? a) daurekams b) daurekavs g) daurekia d) daureknia

8. romelia swori: a) ded-mamam erTxmad kiTxes Svils mezoblis ambavi. b) ded-mamam erTxmad hkiTxes Svils mezoblis ambavi. g) ded-mamam erTxmad hkiTxa Svils mezoblis ambavi. d) ded-mamam erTxmad kiTxa Svils mezoblis ambavi.

9. gaasworeT: ara Cemo xemwife me Tqveni erdguloba mabedviebs Tvara ra mrjis magisTana saqmeebSi Carevas.

10. dasviT sasveni niSnebi: gamoiRviZe platon nu gadarie kaco bavSvebi

7. testi

1. Secvale arsebiTi saxelis ricxvi da gamarTeT winadadeba: daZaxilze saxlidan qali gamovarda.

2. CasviT zmnis swori forma: kargi, nu ........... ! a) tiri b) stiri g) tirixar d) stirixar

3. romelia swori: a) miTanagrZnobs b) TanamigrZnobs g) miTanamigrZnobs

4. CasviT swori forma: es ambavi sul .................... gavige. a) axlaxans b) axlaxan g) exlaxans d) exlaxans

5. romelia umarTebulo winadadeba: a) `vefxistyaosani~ rva saukunis ukan daiwera. b) saxlis ukan mSvenieri baRi iyo. g) am kacis ukan mTeli sazogadoeba dgas. d) afTiaqi am wamals ukan veRar daibrunebs.

6. romelia swori daweriloba: a) imed-gacruebuli b) imed gacruebuli g) imedgacruebuli d) imedgacruvebuli

7. romelia swori: a) me-85 b) me-85-e g) 85-e

8. romelia swori winadadeba: a) diriJor kikvaZis koncertma brwyinvaled Caiara. b) diriJori kikvaZis koncertma brwyinvaled Caiara. g) diriJoris kikvaZis koncertma brwyinvaled Caiara.

49

d) diriJoris kikvaZe koncertma brwyinvaled Caiara.

9. SearCieT swori forma: Tqven me ............... ver gamigeT. a) sworad b) sworaT g) swored d) sworeT

10. gaasworeT Secdomebi da gamarTeT winadadeba: vera Zmobilo versaT ver gagiSvef SvaRameze saxSi Semomivardi mokvla da gaqurdva damipire da

gagiSva

8. testi

1. romelia swori damarcvla: a) xaf-an-gi b) xa-fan-gi d) xa-fa-ngi

2. romelia swori forma: a) motexavs b) motexs g) mostexs d) mostexavs

3. CasviT swori forma: male mezoblebma ............... saxlebs miaSures. a) Taviss b) TavianT g) Tavis

4. romelia swori: a) axla b) exla

5. SearCieT swori forma: ratom .................. sanTeli? a) Caaqvre b) Caaqre

6. romelia swori forma: a) vavadmyofob b) avadvmyofob g) vavadvmyofob

7. CasviT zmnis swori forma: ratom ................ Senze umcross? a) urtyav b) urtyam

8. dasviT sasveni niSnebi: SaSvi tyes mTebs cas dedamiwas yvelafers madlobas swiravda

9. romelia swori: a) levanim gaaanaliza b) levanim gaanaliza g) levanma gaanaliza d) levanma gaaanaliza

10. gaasworeT Secdomebi: magidasTan stumrebi dajden axalgazdebi cekvavden xolo moSorebiT mama-kacebi morebze ijden

me da dedaCemi am dros samzareuloSi vijeqiT Cemi daZma ki Cvensken modioden

50

1.1_ainunSiac aravin mosdis; 2_qaTmebis Sesxdomis

drom moaRwia; 3_airia monasteri; 4_axali cocxia; 5_gadaubrunda fexi; 6_devi yuriT ar dauWeriaT; 7_eS-makis kerZad ar gamxado; 8_erT uRelSi Sebmulan.

2. daawyvileT frazeologizmi mis ganmartebasTan:

wylidan mSralad amovida _ Tavi moxerxebulad daiZvrina

pirSi Calas gamoavlebs _ moatyuebsgulidan amoiglejs _ daiviwyebsguli eubneba _ grZnobs danas gamousvams yelSi _ daRupavskriWavs Seikravs _ dadumdebaguli gadaubrunda _ SeeSindapirSi burTs CaCris _ gaaCumebsgulze daawva _ dadardiandalelos gaitans _ mizans miaRwevsgulze cecxli moekida _ gabrazdaguli gadaayola _ gaerTosityva banze aagdo _ saubris Tema ganzrax Secva-

la

3. SemoxazeT swori ganmarteba:damwvarze mduRare gadaesxa _ 2. erT ubedurebas

meore daemata; .daRis dasma _ 1. damCneva;.eklis gvirgvini _ 3. didi tanjva.zurgis Cveneba _ 1. laCroba; Tvalis gadavleba _ 2. gadaTvaliereba;kbilebSi ofli adina _ 3. cudi dRe daayena.mWadi gatexilia _ 3. saqme gafuWebulia, gamokeTe-

ba aRar SeiZleba,pirSi burTis CaCra _ 2. gaCumeba;.sisxlis gaSroba _ 3. Tavis mobezreba.qancis gawyveta _ 1. Zalian daRla;.qeris ormoSi Cavardna _ 2. gamarTleba; qvasac ki wyals gamoadens _ 2. moxerxebulia;Sens qerqSi iyavi _ 1. rac gaqvs, imas dasjerdi; .Cailuris wyali dalia _ 2. ukvalod daikarga; .

Carxi ukuRma datrialda _ 1. saqme cudad wavida; cas epotineba _ 1. ampartavnobs; welSi gamarTva _ 3. gamdidrda. xelis gamarTva _ 1. daxmareba; jvris zidva _ 2. tanjvis gaZleba; jibidan gavardnili _ 1. TavzexelaRebuli;

4. 1_g; 2_a; 3_i; 4_p; 5_m; 6_t; 7_d; 8_s; 9_e; 10_b; 11_v;

12_T; 13_r; 14_k; 15_z; 16_l; 17_o; 18_u; 19_n; 20_J.]

6. 1_d; 2_a; 3_v; 4_b; 5_i; 6_g; 7_k; 8_z; 9_T; 10_e.

8. msgavsi mniSvnelobis frazeologizmebi:

arafrad agdebs _ aras dagidevsvarskvlavebs eTamaSeba _ av Tvals ar enaxebaxma gakminda _ krinti ar daZragrZeli dRe ar aqvs _ am qveyanas aRaraapirSi wyals Caigubebs _ xmas gakmendsmagrad dgas _ jorze Sejda da aRar CamodisleCaqis daxurva _ qudis moxdamzis dabneleba _ sicocxles gamosalmebapirSi Calis gamovleba _ carielze dasmabednieri dRe gauTenda _ samoTxis kari gaeRosuli misdis _ moTminebis fiala aevsoukan daxeva _ ganzraxvaze xelis aRebaukanasknel sisxlis wveTamde _ sanam Zal-Rone Se-

swevsfexze dadgoma _ fexis mokidebasaRerRelis aSla _ madis gaRviZebasulis daleva _ sulis amoxdomasulis gatvrena _ xmis gakmendasulis ganabva _ sulis gatvrenaqva qvaze ra datova _ nacartutad aqciatalaxSi amosvra _ saxelis gatexvaTqveni Wiri waiRo _ Caabara suli ufalssulma wasZlia _ moTmineba ver eyo

eniT gamoxatuli samyaro

sityvis Zala

sinonimia3.qva:kenWi _ mcire zomis qva;xvinWi _ qviSanarevi kenWi;xreSi _ qviSanarevi qvebi;sali _ mdinaris piris qva;sipi _ gluvi qva;kaJi _ cecxlis gamosakvesi qva;sasrevi _ salesavi qva;lodi _ didi zomis qva;balavari _ saZirkvlis amosayvani qva;filaqani _ ficrisebri, iatakze dasafeni qva;fiqali _ swori zedapiris qva, iatakad dasagebi;dolabi _ wisqvilis qva;

tye:Simali _ norCi tye;tevri _ didi da xSiri tye;uRrani _ didi tye;usieri _didi da gauvali tye;maRnari _ xSiri da mTaze modebuli tye;koromi _ mcire tye;Wala _ tye wylis napiras, dabal adgilze;udaburi _ gauCexavi tye;wvriliani _ wvrili tye;muxnari _ muxis tye; Cxari _ xelovnurad/bunebrivad SeTxelebuli tye;nakrZali _ daculi tye;axo _ saxnavad gamzadebuli tyis nakveTi;

51

rogor gamovxatoT saTqmeli

1. 1._da; 2_nurc...nurc; 3_arc...arc; 4_Tu; 5_arc...arc...; 6_araTu...aramed; 7_rogorc...ise; 8_da;

9_verc...verc; 10_nurc...nurc; 11_rogorc...ise; 12_verc...verc; 13_aRarc...aRarc...; 14_aRarc...aRa-rc...; 15_verc...verc; 16_rogorc...ise; 17_ara marto...aramed; 18_araTu...aramed; 19_kidec...kidec; 20_Tan...Tan.

2. 1_ginda...ginda; 2_an...an; 3_xan...xan; 4_xan...xan...; 5_ginda...ginda; 6_an...an; 7_ginda...ginda; 8_xan...

xan; 9_an...an; 10_ginda...ginda; 11_an...an; 12_xan...xan; 13_an...an; 14_Tunda; 15_an...an; 16_xan...xan; 17_Tund; 18_ginda...ginda; 19_gind...gind; 20_ginda...gind, gind, gind...gind; 21_Tunda; 22_Tunda.

3. 1_ki; 2_oRond; 3_Tumc; 4_ki; 5_oRond; 6_oRond; 7_ki; 8_magram; 9_xolo; 10_ki ar...aramed; 11_

Tumca; 12_oRond; 13_ki ar....aramed; 14_ki; 15_magram; 16_ki; 17_oRond; 18_magram; 19_magram; 20_oRond; 21_ese igi; 22_anu.

4.1_ise, rogorc; 2_da; 3_ise, ise...rogorc; 4_rogorc, ise; 5_aRar...aRarc; 6_magram; 7_rogorc...

ise; 8_rogorc, oRond; 9__Tu; 10_ise...rogorc, an; 11_xan, xan,xan; 12_magram; 13_xan...xan; 14_xan...xan; 15_xan...xan...xan; 16_ara Tu... aramed

5.1_sadac; 2_sadac; 3_rom; 4_rodesac; 5_saidanac; 6_saiTac; 7_rawams; 8_raki; 9_sadac; 10_rodesac;

11_saiTac; 12_roca; 13_rom; 14_sadac; 15_vidre; 16_roca; 17_rogorc ki; 18_saiTac; 19_saidanac; 20_rom; 21_roca; 22_sanam; 23_saiTkenac: 24_sadac; 25_sanam; 26_roca; 27_sadac; 28_roca; 29_said-anac; 30_Tu ara.

6.1_ise...rom; 2_rogorc...ise; 3_ise...rom; 4_ise...rogorc; 5_ise...rom; 6_ise...rom; 7_rogorc; 8_ise...

TiTqos; 9_ise...rom; 10_rogorc...rogorc; 11_ise..rom; 12_imdenad...ramdenadac; 13_ufro...vidre; 14_rogorc...ise; 15_ramdenadac...imdenad; 16_ise...rogorc; 17_ramdenadac...imdenad; 18_rogorc; 19_ise...rom; 20_ise...viTom; 21_rogorc; 22_ise, rom; 23_ise, rom; 24_rogorc; 25_ufro...vidre; 26_ise...rom; 27_ise...rogorc; 28_rogorc; 29_ise...rom; 30_ise..rogorc; 31_rogorc; 32_ase rom; 33_ase rom; 34_ise...rogorc; 35 _rogorc...ise.

7.1_vinaidan; 2_rom; 3_raTa; 4_raki; 5_vinaidan/radgan; 6_raTa; 7_raki/radgan; 8_imisaTvis...rom;

9_radgan; 10_misTvis...rom; 11_raTa; 12_radgan; 13_raTa; 14_raTa; 15_radgan; 16_radganac; 17_rom; 18_raTa; 19_rom; 20_rom.

Sindnari _ Sindis tye;fiWvnari _ naZvisa da fiWvis tye;Txilnari _ Txilis tye;kopitnari _ kopitis tye;

Robe:wnulRobe _ dawnuli Robe;tyruSuli _ msxvili wnelis ormxrivi wnuli Robe;meseri _ margilebis Robe; xerguli _ cocxali mcenareebis Robe;Zelyore _ qviTa da ZeliT movlebuli Robe;yore _ qvis Robe;valani _ ficris Robe;zRude _ cixis, eklesiis Robe;galavani _ qalaqis garSemo Semovlebuli Robe;xirxali _ yanis irgvliv Semovlebuli Robe;ximi _ lerwmis Robe;

wvima:avdari _ cudi amindi (zogadi mniSvnelobiT)isxari _ xanmokle, Cqari wvimaSxapuna _ mcire wvimaTqeSi _ Zlieri wvimaTqori _ wvrili wvimaJinJRli _ nisliani wvimawarRvna _ wyaldidobis momtani wvimaTavsxma _ msxvilwveTebiani Zlieri wvimakokispiruli wvima _ Zalian Zlieri wvimadelgma _ qariani wvima

52

8. 1_rac; 2_romelsac; 3_vinc; 4_vinc; 5_rac; 6_romelic; 7_rom; 8_romelic; 9_vinc; 10_iseTi...rom;

11_rac; 12_iseTi...rogoric; 13_romelic; 14_rom; 15_romelic; 16_romelmac; 17_rom; 18_romelsac; 19_romelTa; 20_rac.

9.1_romelsac; 2_romlebic; 3_romelsac; 4_romelmac; 5_romelic; 6_romelsac; 7_romelic; 8_ro-

melSic.

10.1_romelic; 2_visTanac; 3_romelic; 4_romelTanac; 5_romelic; 6_romelic; 7_romelsac; 8_ro-

melmac; 9_romelSic;

11.1_ase rom; 2_Tu; 3_rom; 4_Tu; 5_Tumca; 6_miuxedavad imisa, rom; 7_ase rom; 8_Tu; 9_Tumca; 10_ris

gamoc; 11_Tundac; 12_miuxedavad imisa, rom; 13_Tu; 14_Tu; 15_Tumca; 16_sadac (ar) unda; 17_rom; 18_rom; 19_rac (ar) unda; 20_Tundac; 21_ase rom; 22_Tuki/Tu; 23_gind/Tund; 24_Tumca...magram; 25_ramdenic (ar) unda; 26_ris gamoc; 27_rogorc (ar) unda; 28_Tu; 29_Tuki/Tu; 30_rac (ar) unda.

12.1_sadac; 2_romelic, amitom; 3_vinc; 4_magram; 5_xolo; 6_vinc; 7_romelic, romelic; 8_romelsac,

romelic; 9_sadac; 10_romelsac.

13.1_rogorc; 2_roca; 3_xolo; 4_roca; 5_imisaTvis, rom; 6_Tu; 7_rom; 8_magram; 9_magram vidre;

10_jer; 11_xolo; 12_romelsac; 13_roca; 14_roca; 15_rom; 16_da; 17_da; 18_rom; 19_da; 20_magram; 21_da; 22_ara marto; 23_aramed; 24_romelic.

14.1_radgan; 2_raTa; 3_radgan; 4_raTa; 5_rom; 6_imis gamo; 7_romelmac; 8_romelSic; 9_rogorc; 10_

rogoric.

15. nimuSi: miuxedavad imisa, rom qalaqs eleqtroenergia ar miewodeboda, moZraoba mainc ar Sewyvetila.

gamoyenebuli literatura:

1. o.gaCeCilaZe, qarTuli ena, Tbilisi,1990.

2. al. oniani, qarTuli idiomebi, Tbilisi, 1996.

3. T.saxokia, qarTuli xatovani sityva-Tqmani, Tbilisi, 1979.

4. al. neimani, qarTul sinonimTa leqsikoni, Tbilisi, 1961.

5. a. arabuli, qarTuli metyvelebis kultura, Tbilisi, 2004.

6. S. ZiZiguri, rTuli winadadebis problema qarTulSi, Tbilisi, 1989.

როგორ ვწეროთ უკეთესად

Documents