အစၥလာမ့္ေဘာင္တြင္းမွ လူ႔အခြင့္အေရး

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2. 2 3. B.A (Geo,), B.Ed, M.Ed,Ph.D (Pedagogy) University of Tsukuba, Japan3 4. txl; cGifhjyKcsufjrefrmbmomjyefpmwrf;tm; rl&if;rysuf rnfolrqdk?rnfonfhtoif;tzGJYrqdk? rnfonfh vlrsKd;rqdk?rnfonfhbmom0ifrqdk? rnfonfhEdkifiHurqdk vGwfvyfpGmjzifh ykHESdyfxkwfa0a&mif;cscGifhay;ygonf/ bmomjyefqdkol? wnf;jzwfol? xkwfa0olrsm;xHrScGifhjyKcsuf awmif;cH&efrvdkyg/ pmIolrsm;tm; tpOfav;pm;vQuf a'gufwm,mprD;efAif;efaohtA'kvm[f 4 5. pmtkyfjzifh &&SdrnfhtusKd;p0g;Afukokdvfaumif;rIrsm;udktvm[ft&SifjrwftrdefYawmfcH,loGm;&SmNyDjzpfaom zcifBuD; tA'kvm[f? rdcifBuD;&mbD,mESifh tm&f0gtaygif;tay: tdqGmavp0g;Af ydkYoyg/a'gufwm,mprD;ef Aif;efaoh tA'kvm[f5 6. rmwdum 6 7. 7 8. jrefrmbmomjyefqoltrSmpm dk tvGefw&moem;Muifem nmwmawmfrlaom? teE*kPm&Sifjzpfawmfrlaom? tvm[ft&Sifjrwf emrawmfjzifh tpjyKyg/cspfvSpGmaom pmIol ---------jrefrmrGwfpvifrfavmuwGif?acwfESifhtnDpmayrsm;xGufay:vmaeonfhtwGufaumif;aomtvm;t vm jzpfygonf/ acwf? avmuBuD;udk vlwdkYrS IT acwf? 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