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Informatics.ssga.ru

Attribution-ShareAlike (by-sa) stanislav.katsko.name

1. 2. 2. 3. 4. 5. (I-IV)6. 7.


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: (1815 - 1864).

- (. , 1897) , (1906)

(.. -, 1918).

(. , 1936)

(1930- 1960-)

1900- .

. 19291978 .

(1936) Z ( ), , ,

Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC) . 300 , .

. (1946) 26 , 35 1/5000 , 1/300

:

.

:
,


.

:
.

:
;
.

( EDVAC, 1945)

0. 1642 1945 I. 1945 1955

-

II. 1955 1965

III. 1965 1980

IV. 1980

()

(1900-1973) :

17 , 5

75 000

3000

3 , 12

-I (1944)

-I (1944)

10-20 .

: ,
,

I (1945-1955)

1951.
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6 000

3 000

1952.
-

5 000

10 000

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(1947, . , . . )

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: (1957), (1959)

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60 000

200 000

1 .


,

90- .

II (1955-1965)


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1 .

, ,

(1965),
(1970, . ), (1972, . )

III (1965-1980)

1964. IBM/360 IBM.

-



OS/360

1 = 8 ( 4 6!)

1970. IBM/3701990. IBM/390

IBM

1971. -1020

20 . /c

256

1977. -1060

1 . /c

8

1984. -1066

5,5 . /

16

()

PDP DEC


()

3 . /c

5


()

-,

1 .

(, , )

IV ( 1980 )

1972. ILLIAC-IV ()

20 . /c


1976. Cray-1 ()

166 . /c

8

1980. -1 ()

15 . /c

64

1985. -2

8

125 . /c

144

1985. Cray-2

2 . /c

1989. Cray-3

5 . /c

1995. GRAPE-4 ()

1692 1,08 . /c

2002. Earth Simulator (NEC)

5120 36 . /c

2007. BlueGene/L (IBM)

212 992 596 . /c

1971. Intel 4004

4-

2250

60 . .

1974. Intel 8080

8-

1985. Intel 80386

275 000

1989. Intel 80486

1,2 .

1993-1996. Pentium

50-200

1997-2000. Pentium-II, Celeron

7,5 .

500

1999-2001. Pentium-III, Celeron

28 .

1

2000- Pentium 4

42 .

3,4

2006- Intel Core 2

291 .

3,4

Intel

1995-1997. K5, K6 ( Pentium)1999-2000. Athlon K7 (Pentium-III)

1

MMX, 3DNow!

2000. Duron (Celeron)

1,8

2001. Athlon XP (Pentium 4)2003. Opteron ()
Athlon 64 X2

3

2004. Sempron (Celeron D)

2

2006. Turion (Intel Core)

2

Advanced Micro Devices

AMD

1974. -8800 (. )

Intel 8080

2

256

1975. . .

-

1976. Apple-I . .

1977. Apple-II - 1980-

1

48

VisiCalc

Apple

1983. Apple-IIe

128

2 5,25

1983. Lisa

,

1984. Apple-IIc

Apple

1984. Macintosh

3,5

1985. Excel Macintosh1992. PowerBook

PowerMac G3 (1997)

PowerMac G4
(1999)

iMac (1999)

PowerMac G4
Cube (2000)

Apple

2006. MacPro

- 8

16

() 4

2006. MacBook

15 17

Intel Core 2 Duo

4

300

2007. iPhone

, ,

GPS

Apple

2008. MacBook Air

Intel Core 2 Duo

2

80

- SSD 64

Apple

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. CD, DVD8. 9. 10.

IBM PC

.

.

, .

:

() .

1981. IBM 5150

Intel 8088

4,77

64

5,25

1983. IBM PC XT

640

10

1985. IBM PC AT

Intel 80286

8

20

IBM

1985. Amiga-1000

Motorolla 7

8

4096

4-

Plug and Play (autoconfig)

Multi-Media (, , , , , )

1985. Windows 1.0

1992. Windows 3.1

1993. Windows NT

NTFS

1995. Windows 95

FAT32

1998. Windows 982000. Windows 2000,
Windows Me2001. Windows XP2006. Windows Vista2008. Windows 7

Microsoft Windows

CD/DVD

TV-

MP3-

GPS-

( )

:

V ( 1980-, )

:

:

2006 7

( )

330 .