邱林川 杭州2016网络社会年会
TRANSCRIPT
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REVISIT WORKING-CLASS NETWORK SOCIETY: CHINA & THE WORLD
JACK LINCHUAN QIUTHE CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG
16 NOVEMBER 2016HANGZHOU
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A DIGITAL INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
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Education Attainment of Chinese Internet Users
High school or lower
Bachelor degree
Graduate school
Elementary school or lower
High School
Community college
Bachelor or above
Elementary school or lowerJunior high schoolSenior high school Community college
Bachelor or aboveCommunity collegeBachelor or above
Elementary school or lower
Junior high school
Senior high school
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1998 2mil
2003 80mil
2008 320mil
2016 710mil
China’s National Population
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THE DISTRIBUTION OF INTERNET RESOURCES (BEIJING, SHANGHAI, GUANGDONG, JIANGSU & ZHEJIANG AS % OF
NATIONAL TOTAL)
20.9% (National Census)
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POLITICO-ECONOMIC STRUCTURE OF CHINA’S SOCIAL MEDIA INDUSTRY • MAJOR TELECO’S (E.G. CHINA MOBILE, CHINA
TELECOM) HAD BECOME PUBLICLY LISTED IN HONG KONG OR NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE MORE THAN A DECADE AGO
• BAT (BAIDU, ALIBABA, TENCENT) HAS BECOME “THE MOST IMPORTANT EMPOWERMENT CONGLOMERATE AND SAFEGUARDING FORCE IN GOVERNANCE” FOR CHINESE AUTHORITIES
• OTHER SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS ARE ALL OWNED BY CAPITALIST OLIGOPOLIES, INCREASINGLY MONOPOLIES (E.G., DIDI)
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“Asteroids 隕石期” (mid 1990s ~ 2003)
“Bees 蜜蜂期” (2003 ~ 2009)
“Coliseums 競技場期” (2009 ~
now)
Three Phases of China’s Network Society
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COMPARING 3 PHASES OF CHINA’S NETWORK SOCIETY
A B CPolitical parallelism L M H
Opinion pluralism M H L
Globality H M L
Efficacy M H L
Civil society development M M.-H. M.-L.
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WORKING-CLASS SOCIAL MEDIA IN CHINA:A BRIEF HISTORY
• PHASE I: QQ, QQ CLUSTER, Q ZONE• PHASE II: WEBLOG (E.G., BLOGCHINA), ONLINE FORUM (E.G.,
TIANYA, MOP, BOXUN, WORKERS’ FORUM), INTERNET VIDEO (E.G., 56.COM)
• PHASE III: WEIBO, WECHAT
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FOXCONN, 2010~
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FINANCIAL TIMES
FOXCONN FACILITIES IN CHINA, 2011
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FOXCONN WORLDWIDE
FOXCONN.COM.CN
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APPLE SUPPLIERS, 2014
SUPPLYCHAIN257.COM
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THE PENETRATION OF DIGITAL MEDIA: THE TEMPORAL DIMENSION
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1800: the British Empire (1 million slaves): 2.5 billion hours (R. Blackburn)
2014: Foxconn (1.4 million employees in China):4.8 billion hours
In Facebook, worldwide, in 2014 (1.04 billion daily active users):
652.9 billion hours (261 British Empires or 137 Foxconns)
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STEVE CUTTS
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“GLOBALLY CONNECTED & LOCALLY DISCONNECTED”?
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HONDA LOCKS STRIKE, 2010
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OFFICIALS COLLUDE WITH BOSSES, INSURANCE BECOMES OUR LOSSES.WHAT A PITY, WORKERS, OUR YOUTHFUL YEARS JUST A FUSS.STRIKE! STRIKE! THE PEAK OF LABOR MOVEMENT IS
UPON US.
YUE YUAN STRIKE, 2014
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WOOHA STRIKE, DECEMBER 2011
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360JINJIANGSTRIKE,
2009
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WGC: GLOBAL RELEVANCE FROM MARIKANA, SA, TO THE USA
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WGC: GRASSROOTS ORGANIZATIONS, INCLUDING COOPS
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A TYPOLOGY OF WGC (WORKER-GENERATED CONTENT)
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WORKING-CLASS NETWORK SOCIETY, REVISITED• BASIC IDEAS (E.G., INFO HAVE-LESS, EXISTENTIAL NEEDS, NETWORK LABOR)
REMAIN RELEVANT, BUT NO LONGER SUFFICIENT• NEW CHALLENGES SINCE 2009: FACTORY REGIME, TEMPORAL EXPLOITATION,
CRACKDOWNS, APPCONN, ISLAVERY• ON-GOING DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSFORMATION OF CHINA’S NETWORK SOCIETY AND
DIVERSE FORMS OF WORKER RESISTANCE• FEMININE SOLIDARITY• WORKER-HACKER ALLIANCE• WGC AND CULTURAL CHANGE
• CLASS ANTAGONISM BECOMING MORE ACUTE -- ANOTHER OCTOBER REVOLUTION IN CYBERIA SHALL SHAKE CHINA AND THE WORLD
• DON’T LET BAT DICTATE YOUR LIFE. GET ACTIVE, AND GET PREPARED FOR A NEW ERA OF CLASS POLITICS, TOWARD A CLASSLESS SOCIETY
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THANK YOU
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3 triangular exchange models: Slavery &
antislaveryEurope
West Africa
The Americas
$$, sugar
slaves
$, rum
Apple
Foxconn
ManufacturediSlaves
$$, UGC
$, R&D
gadgets
Network Labor
Working-Class ICTs
Working-Class Public
Spheres
DNA
WGC
cultural capitalsocial innovation