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Anatomic Reference Systems

• Describe the location and functions of bodyparts using:

– Body planes– Body directions– Body cavities– Body Regions

(continues)

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Surface Anatomy

Anatomical position – hands at side, palms up, feet forward and together.

Supine – anatomical position lying face upProne – anatomical position lying face down

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Anatomical Landmarks

See page 16

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Abdominopelvic Quadrants

4 Quadrants

1.RUQ2.RLQ3.LUQ4.LLQ

Describing areas of concern by clinicians.

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Abdominopelvic Regions

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1. More precise locations when discussing clinically

2. External landmarks help identify internal organ location.

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Planes

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1. Transverse- superior/inferior section (cross-section)

2. Frontal/Coronal – anterior (ventral)/posterior (dorsal)

3. Sagittal – left/right

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Directional Terms

•Be familiar with terms on P. 19

Let’s practice

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Anatomic Reference Systems

(continues)

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Anatomic Reference Systems

(continues)

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Body Cavities

1. Ventral Body Cavity (Coelem)1. Contains most internal organs- rearranges during fetal

development2. Divided into 2 cavities by the diaphragm (flat muscular

sheet)1. Thoracic2. Abdominopelvic

2. Organs in cavities change shape during various physiological activities.1. Organs known as viscera2. Covered by membrane known as visceral layer.

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Body Cavities cont.

3. Thoracic cavity3. 1 Pericardial cavity (heart)4. 2 pleural cavities (lungs)

4. Membranes: 1. Pericardium (peri-around, cardi-heart)

1. Visceral – covers the heart2. Parietal – the opposing surface3. Surrounded by the mediastinum

2. Pleura1. Visceral covers the lungs2. Parietal- opposing surface

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Body Cavities cont.

5. Abdominopelvic – below diaphragm to the pelvis 1. Abdominal cavity

1. Liver, stomach, spleen, SI, LI2. Pelvic cavity

1. LI, blader