© 2006 pearson education canada inc.chapter 1 - 1 chapter 1 fundamental s of business, economics,...
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© 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Chapter 1 - 1
Chapter 1Chapter 1
Fundamentals of Fundamentals of
Business, Business, Economics, and Economics, and the New Role of the New Role of
E-BusinessE-Business
© 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Chapter 1 - 2
Why Study Business?Why Study Business?
• Learn what it takes to run a businessLearn what it takes to run a business
• Build business vocabularyBuild business vocabulary
• Develop workplace skillsDevelop workplace skills
• Learn about a variety of jobsLearn about a variety of jobs
• Appreciate today’s business careerAppreciate today’s business career
© 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Chapter 1 - 3
What Is a Business?What Is a Business?
For-ProfitFor-Profit Non-ProfitNon-Profit
Money MotiveMoney Motive Social ServiceSocial Service
Ethical ConductEthical Conduct
Social ResponsibilitySocial Responsibility
EfficiencyEfficiency EffectivenessEffectiveness
© 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Chapter 1 - 4
Business CategoriesBusiness Categories
Providing ServicesProviding ServicesProducing GoodsProducing Goods
Capital Intensive Labour Intensive
© 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Chapter 1 - 5
Growth in the Service SectorGrowth in the Service Sector
© 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Chapter 1 - 6
Why Is the Why Is the Service Sector Service Sector
Growing?Growing?• More disposable income
• Changing demographics and lifestyles
• Complex goods and technologies
• Need for professional advice
• Low barriers to entry
© 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Chapter 1 - 7
What Is an Economic What Is an Economic System?System?
Goods Services
HumanResources
NaturalResources
Capital KnowledgeEntrepreneurs
Factors of Production
ScarceResources
© 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Chapter 1 - 8
The New EconomyThe New Economy
GeneralCharacteristics
•Physical Assets•Cost Control
•Intellectual Assets•Adding Value
Technology •Mechanical •Information
Workforce •Job-Specific Skills•Transferable Skills•Lifelong Learning
Geography •Close to Resources•Near to Collaborators •Near to Competitors
Capital •Debt Financing •Venture Capital
New EconomyOld Economy
© 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Chapter 1 - 9
Types of Economic Types of Economic SystemsSystems
CapitalismMixed
CapitalismSocialism Communism
Privatization
Free-MarketSystem
PlannedSystem
© 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Chapter 1 - 10
How Does a Free-Market How Does a Free-Market Economic System Work?Economic System Work?
GovernmentGovernmentInterventionInterventionGovernmentGovernmentInterventionIntervention
Supply Supply and Demandand Demand
Supply Supply and Demandand Demand
CompetitionCompetitionCompetitionCompetition
© 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Chapter 1 - 11
Supply and Demand RelationshipSupply and Demand Relationship
10 15 20 25 30
Quantity of Hats
Pri
ce$35
$30
$25
$20
$15
Not enough demandD
Right pricemakes supply & demand equal
E
Not enough supply
S
© 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Chapter 1 - 12
PurePureCompetitionCompetition
MonopolisticMonopolisticCompetitionCompetitionOligopolyOligopoly
MonopolyMonopoly
Free-Market CompetitionFree-Market Competition
© 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Chapter 1 - 13
Competitive Competitive AdvantageAdvantage
• Price
• Speed
• Quality
• Service
• Innovation
© 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Chapter 1 - 14
The Role of The Role of GovernmentGovernment
• Fosters competitionFosters competition
• Regulates industriesRegulates industries
• Deregulates industriesDeregulates industries
• Protects stakeholder’s rightsProtects stakeholder’s rights
• Contributes to economic stabilityContributes to economic stability
© 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Chapter 1 - 15
Fostering CompetitionFostering Competition
Competition Act
Mergers andAcquisitions
© 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Chapter 1 - 16
Regulating and Regulating and Deregulating IndustriesDeregulating Industries
GovernmentGovernmentRegulationRegulation
FreeFreeCompetitionCompetition
Fair CompetitionFair CompetitionFair CompetitionFair Competition
Business EthicsBusiness EthicsBusiness EthicsBusiness Ethics
Working ConditionsWorking ConditionsWorking ConditionsWorking Conditions
Public SafetyPublic SafetyPublic SafetyPublic Safety
© 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Chapter 1 - 17
Protecting Protecting StakeholdersStakeholders
•Competition BureauCompetition Bureau
•Health CanadaHealth Canada
•Transport CanadaTransport Canada
•National Energy BoardNational Energy Board
•Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA)Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA)
•Canadian Radio-Television and CommunicationsCanadian Radio-Television and Communications Commission (CRTC)Commission (CRTC)
•Competition BureauCompetition Bureau
•Health CanadaHealth Canada
•Transport CanadaTransport Canada
•National Energy BoardNational Energy Board
•Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA)Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA)
•Canadian Radio-Television and CommunicationsCanadian Radio-Television and Communications Commission (CRTC)Commission (CRTC)
ColleaguesColleagues EmployeesEmployees SupervisorsSupervisors
EnvironmentEnvironment CustomersCustomers SuppliersSuppliers
SocietySociety
Inve
stor
sIn
vest
ors
© 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Chapter 1 - 18
Contributing to Contributing to Economic StabilityEconomic Stability
EconomicEconomicExpansionExpansion
EconomicEconomicContractionContraction
RecoveryRecovery
RecessionRecession
BusinessBusinessCycleCycle
BusinessBusinessCycleCycle
MonetaryMonetaryPolicyPolicy
FiscalFiscalPolicyPolicy
InterestInterestRatesRates
Revenue andRevenue andSpendingSpending
© 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Chapter 1 - 19
Monitoring Major Monitoring Major
Economic IndicatorsEconomic Indicators
Interest RatesInterest RatesInterest RatesInterest Rates
UnemploymentUnemploymentStatisticsStatistics
UnemploymentUnemploymentStatisticsStatistics
Housing StartsHousing StartsHousing StartsHousing Starts
Durable-GoodsDurable-GoodsOrdersOrders
Durable-GoodsDurable-GoodsOrdersOrders
© 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Chapter 1 - 20
Measuring Price ChangesMeasuring Price Changes
InflationInflation DeflationDeflation
Consumer Price Consumer Price Index (CPI)Index (CPI)
Purchasing PowerPurchasing Power
© 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Chapter 1 - 21
Measuring National Measuring National OutputOutput
Gross NationalGross NationalProduct (GNP)Product (GNP)
Gross DomesticGross DomesticProduct (GDP)Product (GDP)Dollar ValueDollar Value
YesYesYesYesFinal Goods Final Goods and Servicesand Services
YesYesYesYesDomestic BusinessesDomestic Businesses
NoNoYesYesForeign-Owned Foreign-Owned BusinessesBusinesses
YesYesNoNoOverseas OperationsOverseas Operations
© 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Chapter 1 - 22
Monetary and Fiscal Monetary and Fiscal PolicyPolicy
• Monetary Policy– Actions taken by the Bank of Canada to regulate
the nation’s money supply• adjusting interest rates• conducting open market operations
• Fiscal Policy– Use of government revenue and spending to
influence the business cycle• adjusting tax rates• changing government spending patterns
© 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Chapter 1 - 23
Challenges of Challenges of GlobalizationGlobalization
• Products and servicesProducts and services
• Managing a small businessManaging a small business
• Globalization and workforce diversityGlobalization and workforce diversity
• Ethics and social responsibilityEthics and social responsibility
• Technology and electronic commerceTechnology and electronic commerce
© 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Chapter 1 - 24
The Internet and the New The Internet and the New EconomyEconomy
• Changing Supply Chain InteractionsChanging Supply Chain Interactions
• Collapsing BoundariesCollapsing Boundaries
• Altering the way companies Altering the way companies
communicate internally & externallycommunicate internally & externally
© 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Chapter 1 - 25
Intranets and ExtranetsIntranets and Extranets• IntranetIntranet
– a a private internal network– permits firms to link geographically remote sites and
workers– provides access to information, and serves as a
communication portal
• ExtranetExtranet– similar to an intranet– extends the network to select people outside the
organization
© 2006 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Chapter 1 - 26
What is E-CommerceWhat is E-Commerce
• E-CommerceE-Commerce
– Buying and selling goods and services over an Buying and selling goods and services over an
electronic networkelectronic network
– CategoriesCategories
• Business to Consumer (B2C)Business to Consumer (B2C)
• Business to Business (B2B)Business to Business (B2B)
• Consumer to Consumer (C2C)Consumer to Consumer (C2C)