.\C L-\ �I().'\ r.\:\.\ IHS�J .\S ('H (I I�I!I) <;""'�' .\ .·,, 1 4111�1. 141 I'.H

ANALYSIS OF MOVEMENTS IN BRITTLE SHEAR ZONES

i\\IROSLAV COlTHAL11 itlld .1lř d i\1. \LI::I,:n

I) III�t itut p nf (;t·nloK\,. AnHI"IIIY nf �cjprlC'f':-' (II' t lil' ('zl"'lr H"p"I,li,"

Hm,\'oi"dl 1:1-". Ili.� 02 1'1'11);"" li. ('/A"'" H"p"hli,'

2) IIl:-.titlll,-' 01' Fiock �11'I1I'1111'I-' :lIHI l\1('dlilJlif':-'. A";1I1"It1�' nf �('if'llt'I':-' nf tllt, ('"I,(,h Hcp.dJli,­

V 1I,,1'�'ovi,'k".-I, ·11, 11;2 U�l ['1';'1,'.'''' ,'i. ('"",,1, H"I"rI.li,·

AB;--;TRA('T. 1�\\'(1 l'fL:-..if" (;l'<lIlp:-' ol' :-..ll('řlr f;l1dt:-. ilIT di:-'lill.l-;lIi:-..lwd ill ,lli� p;qH'r: !lIHI <!,..,t,-'rnullPd fault:-- .'1.lld dt-'I(,I"ILlilled falllt:-... lu llllll rlF·tlTrllillf,,1 fallll!'>. lili' nrif-'lItatioll:-' of t lIP LlIO\'Plllf-'lIt din'c'l iOll:-' d"IH'lId ,-'xc·llI:-.ivt'ly Oll Illt'il' ()"i"III,tI i 011:- ' rl·lai i \'j' to t IH' I'cgioll:d :--.1 n-':-.:-. t ('11:--'01', SOIlW 1'11111 j:-. ",il Itill t III' I,,'i t t It' :..11t-'i11" II ilit':.. Hr,' rl'f"'ITPc! t o i1� dt->­tt-"I"nutlt-'d, l\lnvt-"lIwnt dil't'clioll:" Oll r!(-'jt-"nllúwd f"'lIdl:.. dl'IH'IHI ilIl Ilit' ,é."/llIlf'lry ol" II", :..ht"ar znll(-' dpfol'llli1.tiolJ. NOII dl'l"l'Il1illt'cI fallll:.. ('itll Iw 11:"1'" fol' lili' I'tllllp"t;tfioll of' palt-"()�tl'(-,:-'� fPIl:--f)!' parrullt'fc-'r:-- \Vltill' d,..tt""l1l1ilwd fitllll:-- ,'all I H' lI:"I'd for 111/-" 1':..1 illlíLt i II 11 ol' tllt-' orit""ntatioll:-- nf tlH' !--1H'itl' ZOlll" ",all allcl ol' 1111' 1110\"'1111'111 flll I hi:.. wall,

I, INTHODl!CTION

NlIlllPl'iCitl iUlitlysis of' 11100't'IIII'llls OIJ sliPal' f':lldls. f'1't'qllt'IIII,\' J'I,f'prrpd 10 ;1,., ,.,Ii­ckt'lIsides. is Cnrript! Ollt ",illi lilI' IllClil1 PII!'J}OSt' 10 dt'lt'rJllill(' I liP pidpostl'PSS I t'IISOI'

JlitPlIllelel'S, Paleostl'ess illlillysis of' f'illIll-slip dala (,()lllllloldy do 1101 dislillgllisll

IlPlwepl1 fitlJ!ts dpforJllilJg 111(' I'ork IIIHSS itl IIIOI'P Ol' I('ss rOllslall1 f'1','qlll'llr�·. ;llld

f';.uJ!ls cOllrelll,l'illpd illl.o hl'illIP sllt';11' ZOIIPS.

i\lpI liods of' pillposl,l'PSS allal,vs"s aSSllllIP 111;11 I lit' 1II(}\'('III"IJ1 din'cl i011 Oll a "lw;11' f';1 IJ! I is dp[-ilJpd solply hy its spal i;d 1'('lal i011 10 III<' palt'osll'!'ss I ('IIS()I'. ,\s il i" sllt}l\'ll ill 111(' Ipxl heIOl\,. IIIP IIIOV,'lllt'lJ1 Ol'iPlllilliol1 Oll ľ;lldls lI'illlill;1 IlI'illl" sllt';1I' ZOlle lila,)' 1)(> a fú,rt pd hy sPI'pl'al ol 1]t'1' f'arl OI'S, slIcll as II W PI'PS('llrt' ol' 1IIIt'I'1'11 Jl lallPs ol' I liP

illdi"iduill fitlJitS, tlJ(> pI'PSPIICt' of' ľ;lIJlts ilJsllflici,' 1I1 1.1' sPP;I)';II ('d 1'1'0111 Ilw ShPM ZOIJP IVilll ;'lIld i-llso tlle lI('cpssity of' sllhcolllpatihl(-, dl'forJllat iOIl ol' III(' ZOIW ClS ;1 \\'llolp.

'uch falJ!ts rontaill tl'i-lCPS of' 11100't'IIWl1tS. Ilw dil'('r! iOllS ol' II'llicll do 1I0t pl'('ci,.,('I,)' cOl'l'Pspoud to tlip slwill' sll'e,.;s dil'l'cl iOIl. dpfilwd h,v pal('osl )'I'SS 1('IISOI' pal';'llllt'lť'J's. !\\O\'PIIIPIII dil'Pcl iOlls f'olllld Oll II]('s(' plallt's 1i ;11·1'. I'plal i 1'(' 10 I ll<' prpdicled �IJ(';\J'

slrpss clirf'ctioll, oriPlllaliolls clo,.;(>r 10 Ilit' dirť'clioll oľlllť' J'('Sllltillg IIIOVPIIIť'IJ1 Oll a slH'ar ZOIIP I\,itll.

Tlw dpfll'd,ioll of IIIOVPIIIPIII, dir('('I,iolls Oll hlllls cOlllprislllg a IHil I Ip ,.;hear �OIIP (';)11 1)(' IIsed f'or !.lIP dd,pJ'lllilJal,ioll of' ils kilIPlllal ic cll;lr;lcln. F:xpospd bril I I" ,,1)(';.11'

142

ZOIWS of difff'relll slzes rtrf' oftPl1 PlJ('olllJI.pJ'(°d dlll'illg g('ologiral IllappilJg. C}J-ipllta­I iOlls of pla,lles rlllcl IIIOVf'IIWLlt dirp('1 iOlls Oll a 1IIIIItllPr of iudi\'idllrtl f;lldl;, \\'illlill lbe shear zoue CřUJ Iw usually IlleasllreJ hlll Ilw gPI1Pral oriplll ni inu of t Iw slwrtl' zolle wa,lls aud t.he resulting 1I10Vf'IlWnt. Oll t.llf' lI'alls relllilill f'lIiglllatic. Sf'\'Prrtl rtpproaches to the solili ion of Illis prohlf'111 Ilave 1)(,l'11 pres('llfpd ill tlH' lilpr;ltllrp so fa,r. "Vojtal (1989) proposed a IlwlllOd hased Oll III(' ('olllhiual i011 of klIO\\'11 dis­plaCelllf'llts ou the iildi\'idual f'aldls rOlllprisillg a hriltle slwar Wlte. 1\larl'{'ll ;\l1l1 AllllleUllillger (1990) des('rih(Od a te('hniqlle of slress lellsor d('lel'lllillaliou frolll 11lf' I'-axes rUleI T-a .xes 0[' Ille illdividll;ll faldls. CladoldJOs ;lIld AlllllPIHliuger ( l mU) det.f'rtuiued the fiuite defol'luatioll of a ['ra('1 Ilred hody frolll I(Ousor SllllllllCltioll 1110-lIlents. Coubal a\Jd MRIf'k (HH1G) proposed rl !)J'O('('dIIIT for III!' dell'l'Illillrltioll of prillcipill paralllPtf'rs of briltle slwar zOlles. hasprl Oll Ilw asslllllpl iOIl of lill('rlrily 0[' thf' rf'latiolJ hetwPPll tlw sl J'(-'ss ill all P\'eltl.\' fra('lllrt'd hod.\· alld I liP rf'sltll illg c1pfol'lllat.iou of thp hod�l. II is aSSIIIIIf'd II!rtf I lit' Inil I 1(' slw'lr ZOIW defol'lllal i011 is (,olllposed of sil II pie slwar alld pllre sll('ar ('OIIIJ)(lIwuls of dpfol'l I I< !I iou. I\'llirll are orielJlated ortllOg(lIIally to 1.lw shp<lI' ZOII(' lValls.

This paper dis('lIssPs tllt' illflll('II('('S 011 Illovelllnlf dirc('liollS Oll illcli\'idllnl f;lltlls \\'itllill hrit,t .le slwar zoues: IllPir IIIHlesirahl(' dk('ls Oll paleoslress '111<t!\'sis a,.; \\'(,11 as tlIP possihiliti('s of IllPir IIS(' fór Ihp dplerlllill<ll i011 (Jf III(' kill('lllill i(' rllill';\('ln of IIH' ZOIH' as a w lloll'.

:2. S1I8AR F,\\JLT ITS N.-\TUH8 r\ND SLIl' OI{18NT.\TION

A shear fa. ldt is defilled as a plalJar hriltle rllp1.llre ,t!Ollg \Vllirll IIIOVPIIII'III 0 ('­('lIl'J'ecl sllbparallel to ils plalH-'. J\lagllitllde of tlll' Irallslaliou COlllpOIWLIf Lil Ilw directioLL pel'!wlldi('ula,r to tllP (';lILlt pl'lllP is geLlI-'l'all.\' Ilegligihll' I'elati\'(' 10 liJe trallslal iou ('OL I Lpolll-'nl ,t!(JIIg Ille f'a Itl I plalle.

Slleal' 1110\'elllPul ou t.!te f'allll plalLf' nlll Iw re('onll'd IIsilLg difl'neul kiul'lll'llj(' illdicalors (e.g. AlIgI'lipr , 19D"I; Dohlas, H1DH). 1II0sI f'l'eqlll'ltll\' ILsiLlg strirll'. TIIP Ol'if'lLl.al.ioLl nf st.riilf' is del'ived rl'OllL Ilw ol'iellf atioll of' sll('ar sll'('ss Oll tliP f"111I1 plauf'. Mf't.llocls of' paJeost.ress allalysis (Allgeliel' ('I al. 1�)S:2: r\Llg!'li('l'. um·l: "\11-gelier. 1994) rue hased OIJ t.11P rl'lalioll \)(-'lw('I'1I paleosll'ess I('usol' (T). f'altll plall(, orieulatioll ( II - IlIlil 110l'lllnl to Ilw ['alllt plalll') illld tllP \'e('IOI' ol' stl'ess a(' lillg UpOIl this plalle (0-).

(J = T· 1/. ( 1 )

Most of I.llf' I ltellJOds of' paleosll'ess aualysis rlSSllllW 111'11 f'allll plrllW'; lla\'t' ;1 per­f('cl- I y pia ua I' SIHlJW alld Illal sl I'iae ol'ielll al iOlls Oll II]('s(' plrllH>s <11'1' idl'ltl i nt! ",illl Illl' Ol'll'lJl.atiou of' slll-'ru' rOIII[loll('111 of'v(-'rl.ol' (J. ClJlLaliol1 ( I) illlplies Illal plalws of'

difťerf'Llt Orif'Lltat. ioIIS (,olllaill slwar 1110Vf'llleltl.s (sl rial') ol' dirl'(,I'(-'ltl orielltati(lII"; <llld also t.hat para,llel Ol'il' Lllat.ed Sll'ir\!-' sllOlJld ol'igillalf' iu dir\'I'I'('ltl pill'ls of tJIP S<lllle faull. plane. Howevel'. field obs(°J' \'atiolLs sho\V a large LllllltllPr of' ('II 1'\' i p[;l U;lJ' SII('rlJ' fa.lllt-s. lL'L'eglllarit-ies of t.lte shape of falllt plnlles are Illosl' f'reqltelltl.\· ('ylilldl'i('al OJ'

dish-slmped (F'ig. 1). "lVe sllgg<,st tltat th('ir origill is (,ollLlPcted I\'il. h reacti\'al iou of tlle syst.elll of' predisposf'd oJder f'l'a('I.llr('s hy laler slre;;s lield. DirI'f'l'ellt clPIPl('­t-erist.ic irregularil.ies Oll slwar ťallll plřuws ar!' I'V<'ll Ilsf'd rlS sllPar S('llse iudiralors

ANALY�I� OF' i\IO\'E;�IENTS IN BfUTTLE �IIEAR Z()I'\E� I ·n

(e.g. Alige!ier, 1994: Dohlas. H)9S). A fr\lIlt plallP rolllposed o f sPH'rrll piirl iClllar

surfaces of c1iff"efent. gf'ollIPtries l)(lSf'S rtll aliolllPr t.qw ol" a falIlI plrlllf' Ilot ;lppl.,·ilJg

in t.lle Illodel scbellIe.

/ /

/

/

t

/ 1 � �

2[2] FIc.:.1 . Slip Oll slIbhori,.,ollt.al slirb'llside of 1j()II plallar gpollJf'­

Iry wit.ll rylilldrinll or disll-slliipf'd inpgldarili('s (t\). 1 �

sl ricte, L � dips ol" part-irld'1r p];IIWS. H � plal\(' approx­

illlrtt.illg t.lJf' slirkPIIsidp, I sl ress MI.illg to slirkpllsidp

plrtlle

/

Bot.1I Illleveu rtllcl cOlllposile frlldl plalles ("all IJe c1lrtriirl('rizpd as a sillglp rOlI­

tillUOIlS fr\Ult plrtll('. COIII]losed of seglll('llls ol" diff(>rPIII (Hiplll atiolls. ECjllaliol1 (1) illlplies tllill the slIPrlr IIIOVell\('llls Oll Illesp SP1:',IIIPIIIs slJOldd IJe of diffprPI!1 oriel!1i1-

t.iOllS. This is, IIowpvpr, illlpossihle a,.; 1111C'H'lI '1lld rOlllposilp f;lIdts orl('lJ spparalp

blocks, whicb SllOlV lJO inteflJrll deforJllrll iou.

As t.he t.l-vo illtpgral blocks Illovpd alollg ;111 IIIWVPII I"alllt pl;lIw. IIIO"pIIWI!1s Oll

I.bp Pilrl.ienlar pliluPS bavp tlIe sallW ilzillllll.11 i1S tlw resldl illg IIIOV('IIJeII1 Oll lIJe rOlllposit.p faull plrtll('. If tlI(, rOIIII)()sil.e 1";\Idl is ;lpproXilll;l1('d hy ;1 pli/II(,. IIIO\','III{'III

clirpct.ioll Oll IIIP parlirldar plall('s is dpfilJed hl' IIIP il!1('rspdioll ol" IIIPs(' pl;II\('s

lVit.ll a planp pprpellclicular to III(' approxilW1!pd plalw alld ("ol!1i1iuillg a "prlor

ať l!Je result.illg IIJOVPlllPll!. al(lIIg !IIp cOlllposil(·' f;lII1l. OriPlllatiol!s ol" t.IJe aho\"(-'

IlIent.iouecl IlIOVeJlJeIlI.s alollg parl irldar phlIPs Ilí'l'd 1101 rOITPslHlIld 10 tlI(' slwar stress orielltatioll defilled I))' I bp spalial relal iou ol" Illť'se plallps to palí'osl rpss lipId T adillg ill (lle illllhiellce of III(' rOIIIJlOsilt-' I"iildl (1).

All illllstralive pxalllplp or i/ disproporliol! h('!IVPPII prpdirl('d i/IHI re<11 slrirle

directiollS Oll tlwse plalips is SIIOIVII ill Fig. 1 Tlw rolllposile sliek("llsidc displilvpd

is cOlllposed of 111rtll)' jlrtrl ieldar plallps willl a variely ol" dip Orielll;)1 JOIIS. Tll(' plalle approxilllatiug tllis rolllposite slirkellsidp elips ,·er.,· gPII(.ly. Ilear lj()rizoul ;1 II\". Tll<'

effprl ofa.llniaxiaL vert.ically oriel!lilted regiollal slrt'ss T reslI!!ed ill CI 1111 i 1"0 rl I I sll!'ar

1-14 :-'I,('OI'BAL illld .I,\l.íLEI\

alollg Ilw cOlllposilf' plrtlw, TI)('r('foIT, stri,w Oll all parli('lIlar plalw� ba,'(' lili' ,., alIW

rtZilllll1 h, TIJÍs ('oul radi('Is pqllrtl iOIl (1), ;I('('ordillg 10 ",lli('11 I II<' sl riap oriť'III ;11 i Olls

sholllcl Iw dosl' 10 dip oriPlltal iOlls of p,tJ'1 i('liI,lI' pl,"l1's alld 111'11('1' difl'('rpul,

Slrirtp prOdllCf'cl hy I his IIJPrlJ;llIislIl Illa�' ad,'('rspl�' ;111'1'(' 1 I lIP a('('llra('y of 1'('';1 iI I S

or pakostrpss aualysis, TI)(' dpsnilH'd sil IJrttiol1 i,; all pX;llllpll' of' 11(111' 1110"1'1111'111 ()II a

",llole plaup a Ifp(' I S III()\'('IIJPIII,; Oll parti('lIlar plalll'S, 1I'llicll Ia('k sldli(' il'1I1 alllollOIII,'"

\Vp sllggesl that all aualo1!,oll" IIJ('('II"uisllI I ;lkl'S 1'11'('('1 ;dso ",illlill Iliglll'r (»'III')'

sl 1'11('1 II]'PS , i.e, hril I 1(, ,slIPilr Z(»II'S ,

:3, I\: INE�I.\T I(,S OF r\ HHITTLI� Sm:,\1l ZO;\E

Brill,le slwar ZOlll' is a plau;lr Ol' ('1I)'\'iplall"r ZOIl(' of' rOII1!,ld� I "hlilar ,,11"Pp ,

wilbill II'lli('11 tlw ilJlpIlsil,v of' hritlll' clpf'Ol'lllalioll i!'> Illarkl'III," Iliglll'r Illall ill ils

alllhiplI('e, A 1IIIIIIher of' l.ypl's of hrit I 1(' shear ZOIII'S ('all 1)(' ľOlllld ill Ilw lipid, 0111'

ol' Ilw l,v pi('al pxalllplps is a ZOIII' , hilall'J'all," hOlllldl'd 1)\' IHOlllilll'III dis('O IlI illllil\'

Ol' fracl II rl' slIrľi1CPS 1'1'0111 I III' 1llIlkľol'll)('d hlo('k" Olllsidl' I III' ZlI)li' (Hallls;l\' <llld

11111)1'1', ID 7), Tlwsp pbul<'s, IllosII,\' sllhparalll'l. ;\1' 1' J'Pfl'l'rl'd 10 ;IS "Iwar ZOlll' 1I';dls,

,\110(11('1' Iypinll pxalllplp arp ZOIIl';, ol' ('ou('PIJlr;t!I,d rllpllll'ť 'S, 1111' dl'llsil,' of 1IIIirll

(,ollliIIIIOIISI�' c!p(')'('asps IOll'ards lilI' 111'0 hlo('ks s('paral('d hl' 1111' ZOIII', III Illi� ('asI'

I III' lerlll slwar ZOllp lVall d('lloII''' ;jIl axial plalll' ol' III<' ZOIIl',

Tlw 111;lguil lide of 1'1,1,,1 i"I' displa('PIIII'1I1 ol' liJ(' hlo('b sl'p<lrall'd h," I III' ZIlIII'

IIPecl 1101 Iw lřtrgl', TII('II , Slldl sl 1' 11('1 III'PS 1'<11111'1' ITprI'S('111 ZOIlPS of illll'lI"i"I' .ioilll­

illg, NI','('rtIIPI('ss, largp displa('('III('III" alollg hritllp sll('ar !'OIIl'S "rl' "('1'," ('0111111011.

Hpgiollřtlly illlporlřtlll f,uills , ,'isllalizl'd ill i!,,'ologi('al 11I;lpS, ;IIT;I I,"pical I'xalllpll' ,

Thl'i I' sl II dy shows I II a I I III'sP f;\I iI I s a rl' fnl (' I II rl'd zo lll'S 1111'1 rl'''; 10 I I'IIS ol' II 11'1 1'1 's ll' i d I'

lI'il II a displa('('IIII'lIt f'rl'q I 11'1 II I,\' 1'I'<lCllill).!, 1llllIdr!'ds ol' 1111'1)'1',., Ol' ('\'1'11 lirsl Illolls"llds of' 1111'1 rl'S,

This pappr dei1ls ",il h hrill II' sl 11'<1 I' ZOIII'" origillall'd ill ('old l'I'gilll(' old,\', 1.1',

IIlldpr ('ollditiollS IVhprp 110 dll('1 ill' dpf'ol'lllal i011 ol' ro('k" o('I'llrrl'd I'illwr I\'illlill Ol'

olllsidp III(' zoup, I}Pf'01'l1J;11ioIIS (}ľ Illaglllali(' ;111d 1111'1;llllllrplli(' r()('k" h,' ,,11('11 Z()III';,

1\11'1'(' pl'odll('pd oIJly aft('r 111(' l'lld ol' I 111'1'1 I I'd pl'O(, I''';'I'S, '1'111' appro<ldl. 1r!li('11 i"

pl'l'selJled ill tbis paper, is f' o('II>;l'd Oll hril 11(' ľi';)(' I Ilrillg Il'il !JOIII ;111, " pl;)sl i(' propC'r­

lies , I\ilwlllati(' 11Iodellillg ol' IHilll!' sllI'ar ZOIWS ,;1;\1'1;, willl IlJI' ;1S';llIllplioll Illill Ille relal,ive c1ispla,('elll('111 of' hlo('b sppari1ll'd h,l' I III' ZOIlI' illld liJ(' dpľorlll"l i011 of'

tllt' ZOUl' it,self' o('clJrrec! dlll' 10 IlJI' 1'11'1'cl of' rpgiollal sl r('"s T (Fig, '2A), TIII-' hlo('ks

Hrl' cOllsidered rig;id alld 1,II<'ir hril I ll' dpľorlllal i011 ill('llldillg I III' slll'M WIll-' 11,,,11,, is

('Ollsidpl'<,d IIpgligibll"

Prillciples ol' dpľ(Hlllal i011 f'or hril I ll' slwar !,Oll('" p;\I';d\P1 I hO!'>I' ľor dll('I ill' ,,111';)1'

ZOIWS lI'il" Ilw ex('pplioll Illal 1r;lllslalioll oľpMli('ll''' i" 1101 l' olJlilllloll" hll I Illt'di"ll'd

h," disp\;'tCI'llI('lI1s alollg illdi,'idll,,1 ľ;)lIlls IVil hill I III' Will' (I'LIIII';;1," ;llld IllIhl'l', I qKi), Orielllatio)js ol' tlIP illdividllal ľaldl" alld 1110\'1'1111'111 s Oll IllI'sl' ľald),; Illil�' ,';H,I', 1,111

Ibe SllIll ol' all IIlOVC'IIIPIIIs IIIIISI ('<tllal Ibp r('sldtillg 111()\'C'IIII'IJls ol' hlo('k" s('par;JIl'd

by t lIP ZDilI', 11I I Ilis ('ase, parl idps a.re rep I'<'S(, II I I'd h,' hlo('b ol' ro('ks !Jolllldl'd hy

IIIP falJlIs IVit,bill Ille hriltle slwar ZOlle, Ir lili' p;lI'lid(' siZI' is SlllillI 1'I'laliv(' to lili' dillIP11Siolls oCllJe ZOIIP, del'oJ'lllalioll ('llara('lprisli('s of lllť' hrillIP "lwHr ZOIl\' sliOldd

1)(' dosl' (vVo.it,aI.10HD) 10 dll('liIP sllpar ww dl'ľorlll;t!ioll (Pig , :\),

A

AN,-\LY�I� Ol' i\1()\'EldE:-:T� IN I-lHITTLE :-;IIE,-\H Z()KE�

shear zone

/! /1 "," 1 / I i'" � < I

/ / / /'

. under�mled �ti!lte .

d e formed state .

B

C'

c

FI(;,:2, S lwi-l r ZOtlP \\'i l ll "i lll p l ( ' " lwa,1' dprol'lllal i011 ;',POIIII'ln', ,\

- illil ial silllřtl iOll. B - dlletilp t!P\'C'IOPIIII'III, ( ' 1 )l'il l l e

d p \'pl o p l l w l lf Ilwdi;llpd hv raldls ol' ;',1'1J('nd ol'il'III;llioll o l'

sbpal' ZOIIP

/ X /

FIG,:L S l leř1l ' ZOUt' (A) ill d l l ct i lp ( B) ,llId hl'dll!' ( ( ') (Jc.\( ' I OPl lwlI t

l4-'i

C

As il Ilas 1)('('11 p ro\'pd 1)\ , Ri1IIISi-l,\- ř111d (;l'all;1111 ( I Q70), 1';lell dl,rOI'lIUllioll \\'illlill

a s lJe al' zout' Oll I IlP dpcolllpospd il llo 1,III'p(' ('11'1111'111 ;11',\' c!('fol'lllal iOII;d eOIIIl)OIII'llls:

I i el, t'l'ogel leo lls sil l lp l e slIPal', 1 1 1'lel'o;',('IWOI I S VOIIIlII(' ell;III;',I' ; lll d 1111 i 1'01' 1 11 hOl l lo;',e­

l I eOIlS defol'lual,ioll aff'ecl i l l g holil I III' slJe;11' ZOIIl' ;llld ih \\'alls, ,\ I (l\'PIIWll l s o l' dis­I illcl parl i(' l ps ill silllpl(' s l l f'ř l J' derOl' l l l i l t ,i o l 1 al'P pa l 'a l l p l lo (lIW ;HIOI 11<'1' , alld, ;11 Ilw

sal lle tillle, to Ilw 1I10VPIIlPtll Oll Ilw ,,11<'al' ZOIII' \\';dl (Fi;.', "1.\), P;II'I iell' 1I100'PIII"1lIs

i ll t, l w H)ll l I lle rlli-ltlgp ;UI' pi-lndlpl 10 O l l l' ř" lol,lwl' allc! 1I01'l1lřd to ,,1 1 <';11' ZOUP 1\';1 lis,

Partiele I l love l lwn t s ill IIOlllo;',pueOII" dpfO I' lII i-l1 iO I l al'(' 1101 pari-ll l,,1 1 0 O I W ;11101 her

ancl bavE' gE'l l eral o l'ieutatiOl1 lVil'h res p e c t Co t lw slwa r ZOJlI',

COll lp ressiou perpf'udiclllill' 10 lilI' 20tH' \I'řlll Illa,\' ll(' i l l d i Cřl l"d 1 ) \, I('elollie ehys

ol'icllt.ated allt! by illl'ellsi \'e hl'('cei;lI iOJl of rock,.; \\'ill l i l l Ilw ZOI l(', III I l I os l ol' Ille

hrit.tle sheal' Zotles, Ilo\VP\'el', 1111'1'1' řll'(' ilO si;',lIs ;11';',11 i II;.', Ol' i-l "i;',llIfie;111I SIIOI'II'lIillg

of I l I P ol 'igi ll al IVidlll of 111(' ZOIII',

Ext.ellsiou ill t.lw dil'ec(,ioll !WI'PI'lldirldal' 10 III(' ZOI lI' 1\';111 is 1IIIIelI "illlilill', \'I'ilIS

alld fi l l il lgs iudinlt ivt' of 1, I I is exlellsioll are 1'0111](1 ill II li-l 11,\' hl'il l,le shl'ar ZOIWS, TII('ir

(, l iic kuess uSllal l y val'ies iu IIIP ol'del ' o l' I l li l l il l l('lres 1,0 e"11I illl<'l I'P"; řll l d J'( -'i1rlws hl'sl

llletrE'S ill o l l l y pxcept,iotlal rase;; (I',;'", orl' \'piw; ) ,

14fi

A

"

I\I.('OIIBAL "lid .1.i\IÁLEI(

B � c D N

ffi· /�.",

/

1:;'1(;. LI. Silllplp sllPrtr IIWdir\IPd hy I-;l"OlIp of illdividll;d faltlls. \"IIOSP

illler"pcl iOIl lilI<' is idelltical lVitlt I Itl' 1I10\"('lllellt \'edor Oll

tlle slterlr ZOIlP IVrtll. A � "i(.llrltioll, B d('PPlldpLlce of III0velllellt veclor IpILgtlt rllollg Crtltll plillw Oll 1111' allgle

IlPt.lVeeLl il.s Llorlllill alld '::-ilxis. (' rt'lr11 i011 hel \\'eeu 1\]­

plaL1t's iluLl :\f-plrtlles. O � IO('ill i011 of polt's to :\] plalles

rtud N-plaLlf's ill 1,11<' sl.ereoplol

Tlte abovt' IIIPul ioued Cacls sllggest I Ital tllP 111i\.gllilllde of \,(lllllll<' cllrlllgl' is Illi­

uilllal iu 1.lle Cé1se ol' brittlp slwar ZOIIf'S. A yel slllalll'r COltl rdllll i011 10 lilI' fillile

uefOl'lllřllioll of hrilllt' sllPa.r ZOLW is rppresPltlpd h.\· IILlifo1'l11 ItolllOgl'llPOIIS dcfol'llli\­

tioll aff'ecliLlg hotl1 IIIP slwar ZOIW alld ils \\'all. Tllis is ('Xpl;lillpd h.'· Ille Carl Iltal ZOLWS origillrl1pd ill cold regilllt' IISII;)lIy separal I' hlocks sllOl\'ill1-; (lIIb' a lol\' t!1'grpe

of defol'lllatioll Ol' uo deCOl'lllrtt i011 at all. !iegiollřll f'lltlls I\'il It drag Colds r1l'(' all

exceptiou.

Tlw t.exl. 1)f'low is haspd ou I Ite strttPlllPllt Illal Illosl of lili' hrillle slw;)r ZOIIPS.

rtncl t,11P regiollal frtlllls iIL parlicltlar, are dOlllillaled hy silllple sllPar defclI'lIlrtlioLl

COLll])()UPLlI (i.e. I rauslrtlioLL of hlocks parallel 10 tllP 11I'ilIII' slw;ll' ZClIII' 1\';t1ls). Tllf'

IIlrtguil.llde of ot.lw1' COlllpollellls of fillile defclI'lIlrll iOIl of lili' ZOII(' i" Ilsllrlllv "igllif-i­

ralltly lower; t.llPir ef-recl Oll III(' ZOLW kiuPlllal ies is lll(-'rpfor(' Ileglt'cll't!.

Au M-plalle is defilled as rt plall(' cOllslrllc1.cd pPL'pclldirltlar 10 1111' ('rlltll plrlll!'

alld cOlltrtiniug its striatiou lilll' (Artllillld, l!HiD). AII N phLIP is tlefiucd as a plallP cOlltaiuing a slrirtholl lilLP Oll il iudividllal faltll plallP alld ]lPilll-; ]lPrpPlldic,tlar to

the sl1eilr zoup lVall. III IIIP I('xl IlPlolV. rOllsl.rllcled plrtllP S rpfpr1'('d 10 rlS 1\] pli\llPS

aucl N-plaues r1l'l' IISPc! COl' IIIP graplliral illlřdysi" oC 1I10VPI I 11'1 tl " Oll frlltlts lVitllill I Itl"

hriule sbear ZOIIf'S.

4. MOVEMENTS ON FAlJLTS IN .\ I:\BITTLE SIlE,\H í::ONE

Por tlte SOllltioll of tllP hrit.tll' sltear ZOIIP killl'lllřllics. it i" nilicrd 10 kIIO\\' II'l1al

11100-e111PLlls ocrlllTed 011 djj-ferPIIII.\- orieul atl'd illdi\'idllr11 faltlls IVilllill rl hriltle ,,1t('rlI'

ZOlle, (lil' fillite dt'COl'lllatioll 01' ",llich is IWrH 10 silllple Slll'rll'. i\ )'<' \'er,,(' forlllllhtiou

or tllf' problelll f-illcls řl widf'r a.pplicatioll ill gpological pradic!': lili' lise of kllOlVII IlloVetllellls Oll tll!' illdividllal rilltlts lVilIJill řl !lJ·itlll' Slll'r1l' ZOIIP for lili' c!et.l'rlllillrll iOIl

of prillcipal kiuPlIlalir cllrtrildprisl irs or Hli' zOUP. i.p. orieltl al iOIl oC lili-' sllPrlr ZOIlP

IVall rtuti tbp IIIOIIPLlll:'llt. ,dollg Illis lVall.

TlH' firs( probll:'1I1 Pll I IlI:' solvpd froLl1 tlVO diffel'('lIt \'iJ>lVpoiLltS - litl" \'iJ'\\'I)oilll

of finite cll:'foJ'lllal.ioLl of IIIP ZOIIl' auc! thl' viplVpoilll oC pall'osl rl's" allalysis.

A N A LY�I� OF i\ I OVEil I ENT� IN B R l fTLE S H E: A R ZONE� 1-1 7

4 . 1 . Fin lt f' Df'!onn al ion \ 'ir /l'7) o i 1l 1

l n t 1 1 i s v ie w p o i n L t lw i ll d i v i d l l rt l I"čl l l l !.s w i l l h (' rprt c l i " rt t pd i l l s l l c l l \\' ;"" . 1 1 1 i, 1 t l I P

1 1 1 0Ver l leut.s a l o l l g I l l ese I"rl l l l t s p ro d l l ce rt s i l l l p lp � I I Pa r I y p e o l" I. I I P l i l l i l ( ' d e l"o r l l l i, l i o l l

o f t l l P zone 'l n u t. l l e ro c k I l l ilss i f d p l"o r l l IP d h.,· I l l ( ' Z O l l e rPl l l a i l l s r O l l g l l l y C O l l l p ; 1 1 i h lp

pvel l after t. b e uefo rI l 1 3 t. i o l l . T h i s eXil l l l p l p of d ('l"o r l l J <l f i o l l <l l I d I l l ! ' r(' I ;lt.pd il.SS l l l l l p­

t.i o l ls were cl i sc l l ssecl by H rt 1 1 lsay a l l d 1 1 11 1 )(-' r ( 1 98 7 ) ,

Oue of t. h e s i n l p l e sl Jear fertt. u res i s t he p rt rrt l l ť' l i s l I l oť l l J (' p < l r t i c l e 1 1 100'Pl l le l l l s \\' l l i l e

i n tbe d u et. i l e sh ertr ZCl I J eS t. I I P i r l e l l g t h c l J rt l l p/'S C O l l t i l l l l O l l s l y ( F i g . '2 B ) , I I I h r i tt l e

s l lertr Z O l les . l ll e 1 I 1 0ve l l l e l l l o l" p a r l i e l es i s I I I ť 'd i <\ l ed h y I"r l l l l l p l a l ws ( F i g . '2 C ) .

I f rt d e l"or l l l rt l . i o l l s l r i e l l y c O l I l"o r J l l a b l e t o s i l l l p l C' s l w a r l oo k p l ac C ' i l l <\ " l w ; I I" Z O I l ( ' .

t. h e I I JOvel l l e n t.s ol" p rt r t. i c l es IVo l l l d 1 ) (> I I lP d i a l ('d 0 1 1 1 .,' h.v l l JOse I"a l l l l p l a l les . II' I I OSP

i l l t.ersect i o l l l ine is i del l t. i c a l lV i l l l t l J ( ' I I 1 0vel l le l l l " ec l o r O l l I I I (> s lw;I I" ZO I W \\'<1 1 1 . T l w i r lVI - p la l les i l l t erse c l i ll t. lw sal l le l i l I P rt l l d t lw i l' i\ p l rl l ! !>S ; J l'e p , l l'rt l l ( ' 1 1 0 I . I I P p l ; l l 1 e o l"

syl l l l l let ry of I. l ie fi l J i t.e d efo r J l l rt l i O I l o l" I I I P Z C l l l e ( F' i g . !IC ) . S l r i ae O l' i P I I I , l I i c ) J J " O l l t h ('

a b o" e s p ec i ried I"a l l l t p l a l lPs is i d e l l l i e a l ", i l l l I I I P p a l' l i c l e I I 1 0,'(' 1 1 W i l l ( ) l ' i (' l I l rl t i c ) J l � ; I l l d

a l so IV i !. l! [. I I P 1 I 10Vel l IP l I t Vf"'rt.or O l l I l iP sh e;) I ' 7, O / l P 11' < \ 1 1 . L e t l i S ( 'Xc l l l l i l l !' I II<' d i fkJ'( ' lJ ce

Iwt ween lengt. l l s of I l Iovel l le l l l vpc l o l's of I I I (> I wi g l t ll O l l l' i l l g p a rl i c k" se p 'lI'rt l <, d hy t.hpse hu l i t p l a l Jes ( F i g , 4 ) . I I I crlS(' I I I (-' 1 f"' l l gI I I o l" 1 1 1 01 ' (' 1 1 1 < ' 1 1 1 " ( ' c l ol ' I w l \\,pe l l I \\'o

n e i g b h ol l r i l l g p ;HI. i c l es d cws 1 1 0 1 1'(';) C l l 0\'('1' a cel'l ,l i l i , 'a l l j ( ' g i " P I I h l' I h (' 1' 1 1 ( 'o l og\' o l"

t. b e rock . e l rtsl i c Ol ' ot l l Pr d l l c l i l e d pl"OrJ I I ,, 1 i O I l l i l ii ," O CC I I I' i l l l d i l O ťa l / I I I I Jrl," ( ) l' i g i l l ; t I (,.

l u cO l l t rasl . , fa l l l l s spp <\ rr l l i l l g p M I i r les \\' i l I I 1 1 1 ( ' g r p ; t I ( 'sI d i f l't'I'I ' l I r ( ' i l l I I I O\ '( ' I I I ( ' I J I

" ec l o r l e l l g t bs w i l l I w I'("rtel i " rt l (>d 1 1 1 0,, 1 I"I'l' q I J P I J l ly . TI J ( ' r I P P "<\ l'<l l l e ( ' o l' l i J(' p ; 1 1 ' 1 i e l (>

1 I 10Ve l l lP u t vect.or ( II , I ' , w ) fo l' s i l l l p l l' s l l (> rt l'

II = O , 1 1 = 1 I I ' = O .

( '2 )

i l l d i eM p c ! (, ! J a l 1 . l w I l l u t l / ;1 ! l'e l rt l i vC' I I I OH' I I J (' 1 I 1 , 'pel Ol' l e l l g l l l ( ) ľ l \\'o p a rl i r l ('s i s d ( ' I e l'­

I l l iupc ! o u l y hy t. l l e' d i ffpn' l I ce' i l l I 1 I P i l' :: ( 'oord i l l ;·t f (> . A ro l / l l d iI r I I OS(' 1 1 p o i l l l i l ls i d e t h p p l p l l l e l l l . I l p i g l l b ol l r i l l g p rt l' I i e l es sppcu " l ed h v I l iP ; l h Ol ' e d e,;n i l l l 'd 1 1 I 1 I I d l (' ol'

fa u l l p l anps l i p ou a I I l 1 i t ary rr H l i l l S e i n' l e O l l .,. � p l rt l l ť ' ( F i g . "I R ) . T l w d i l l '( , I'P l l r (' of

I I IOVp l l IPnt. vecl.o l'S o f l . l l p c1 IOS(-' 1 J pa l' I i e l e <I l l d i l s l w i g l t l) o l l r i " d e fi l le d h," I I I P re l a l i o l l

d ll = O , d I ' = 1 ' d :: . r ( I'; f l ,

d l l' = O .

w l ! el 'p I I i s t h p a ug l p I lP I lVp(' 1 I 1 . l w (,o l l l wc t i O I / l i l I P ol " I I I e l \Vo p ar t i (' l es ;l I J d :: i \ x i s .

T1IP d i s t l' i b l l l. i o l J o l " p a r t. i cl e I I I 0VPl l le l l l s i l l s i l l l p l e S I H 'rII' d e ľor l l l i l l i o u i l l l p l ips I h a.t

t.h e I l l osl. freq u e l l t. l y reael.i vrtt.ed p l al l ps , 1 I'e t llC ' fa l l l t s p a l'a l l p l 1 0 t lw sb ear ZO I W

\Vit l l . T I ! e l eřlst. freq l l ť'ut l y p l alws ;) 1'(' I . lw fa l d l s ( ' I os(' t o l i J (' y,:-- p l ; l l I e o l' I l I P ( ' I I OSP I I

referel lep fra l l l e ( P i g . 4D ) ,

1 4S

J\ I O\'el l l P l I ts O l l i u d i \' i d l / a l fa l t l t s , \\' h i c l i do l l o I CO ITPS I )() l l d 1 0 I Iw a h o \'f" 1 1 W I I I i O l w d

b l / u d l e i n t l l e i r o r i P L l l a l iO l l , I p a d 1 0 I I H' l i l l i l e d ('ľor l l l a l i 0 1 1 o f a Z O I I <' d i tľl' re l l l rJ't > l l l

S i l l l p le s l l l';U , I r 1, 1 Jf' I I I O\,(' l l le l l h a rp ol' 1 011' 1 1 1 ;l !,� l l i l l I d e , 1 1 1(',\' 1 1 1 < 1 \ 1 )(-, c o I I I j H' I I ,," l ed

by rock cO l l l p ress i b i l i t,y ( F i g , :I B ) , řlS i t I I < l S I )PP I I d P l l lo l l " l ra l n l i l l I I I O d l ' l l i l l g o l'

I lw o r i g i l l o f R i ť'd e l s lwa rs ( H i e d l' l , I DL D : ' 1' 1 ' 1 , , 1 1 ( ' 1 1 1\0 , I D iO ) , J ) , . ['U r ! l l r l l i 0 1 1 of a

b r i l t l e s l wM ZO I W o l' s i l l l p l l' s lH'r l r I y pe I l l ay I w fO r l l wd 1 1 \' 1 1 1 ( )\'( ' I I I I' l l l s O l l d i f ľ(' J't' l I t

o r i e l l l ed fau l t s o u l y i f co l l l p l e l l w l J 1 r l l',)' fa l d l s a lT C IT; I I I 'd ; 1 1 I I I ( ' Srl I I I ( ' l i l l l l ' ( [ { r l l l l" ; I \ '

a u d I-I I t 1 W r. I �)i\ I ) , Hot l i s i l l l i l l i O l l s I I / r l\ ' OCC l l r \\' l wl 1 d i S p l r l CI-' I J J (, I J 1 I l l r l g l l i l I l t I ,';; O l l

i l l d i \' i d l 1 a l fau l t ,; lU P s l l l al l rp l a l i v t ' 1 0 I l w b r i l l l e s l w a r Z O l l t' " i z e , F i g , !) shows t wo gpl I pra l l ,\' o r i l' l l l a l pd sl' l s o f i l l d i \' i d l l r l l ľa l t l ts w i l l l I J JOVf' I I Jt' l l h

i l l cl u ced h y t l l e I I IO\'P I I H' 1 1 I o f " I I I ' ;l!' zoue \\'a l k T I / ( ' \\'a l l,; ; 1 1'(' J ' t ' ! \ J'('"e l l i ('d h\ ' I' i g i d

h lo cks a l l d l li e d i l al, i o l l o l' I l iP ZO I I (' perpP l I d i c l I i a r 1 0 i t s \\' ; I I I� i � c O l l l p l' I I � ; l i . . d h,\' rock col l l p rpss i h i l i l y, E \'P I I S l J c l J d ('ror l l l él t i o l l fo l l o\\'s I l i l ' l' I t1 e 1 1 1 ; 1 1 p roj el ' I i O I I " of

s l r i a e Oll i n d i \' i d l l a l h l t l l s 0 1 1 1 0 I I I <' s l wa r Z O I J I ' \\'a l l ;U( ' p ; l r ; l i l e l 1 0 I I I (' I I I O\'I ' l l l <' l l t

a l o I 19 I l w Z O I IP , l ' rojt'c l i 0 1 1 p l rl l l l 'S , I re p t' r p P l l d i c l t I ; l r 1 0 I I I(' s l w;1 I' /' ( ) J I P 11' ;) 1 1 . I I I I I S

co rrps p o l l d i l l g 1 .0 I l iP rlh ovp d f'c h red N p l a l l t''' , I I I o l , l i P r \\'o n k I I " , fo l l O\\' i l l g r l t l e

l lO l d s pve l l fo r t l l os(-' i l l d i \' i d l l a l rrl l t l l " , 11' 1 1 0"" O r i t' l l I a l i o l l ;; d o 1 1 0 1 cor rt''' p( ) I , , 1 1 0

t b osE' o f l, l lP p l a l l ps o f t l l l ' r l i l ov" 1 1 1P 1 1 t . i O I I (,d I l l l l l d l l ' : I I I P i r :'\ p l ;l l l t '" ; l I'ť' p a r ; l i l t ' l 1 0

O l l l' a l J O I l l p r , IV l l i l e I l u ' i r :\tI -p l ; I I IPs d o 1 1 0 1 i l l l l ' l'''t ' C I i l l O l l t ' l i l lP ,

c

r l G , ;j , MOVe l l l (' I l I S O l l s i l l l J ) I (' sysl e l l l 0 [' i l l d i \' i d l l ; 1 i ľ;l l t l t S ol ' g(' lwra l

O r i e l J t a l i o l 1 t o s l w; l J ' ZO I U' , l� x p l a l l ; " i ( ) 1 1 i l l I .. x l

I f I lw f-i l l i l p c !pfo r l l l él t i o l l of r l b r i l I 1 (' s l l< ' r l r ZO I I(' i s c l os(' 1 0 S i l l l p le ,,1 1 (' r l r , I l l ose i u rl i \' i d ll rL l fa l d t:> , w l l o"p p l a lws i l J 1 pr,wc l i l l a l i l I I ' i d l ' l J 1 i c r l l w i l l l l l l ( ' I I IO\ ' I ' I I W I I I \ ' 1 '1 ' 1 0 1'

Oll I l te s l l p a r ZOIl P wa l l , s lJOu l d 1 ) (' p rpf('ra h l ,\' IT; l c I , i va l l'd , i\ l a x i l l l l l l l l d i s p l r l c e l l l l' l l i

;;hOl d d o ec l l r O l l fa l d l s p a r a l i l ' 1 1 0 1 1 1 ( ' " I I (-' rH 7, 0 1 1 1 ' \n1 l 1 . T l w d i " l l ! a CP I I I P I I i I l l ag l l i l l i d I'

O l l i l / d i v i d l l rL l fa l / l t s I l a \' i l l g o r i P l 1 i ; 1 1 i O l l S d i f rn(' I J 1 ["1'0 1 1 1 I l l r l l o f I I w S l l l' ; l r 7,O l l l ' w a l l

s l lO l I l d dpnpasl' a s a ľl l l l ct i o l l 01' 1 1 1(' d i f rp rP I I C( ' i l l o r i (' l l l ; l l i o l l , 1 l l l l' r l l l S o f l l J(' l i l l i l P

d efor ! l l at i o l l o l' I l l e ZOIH' , sl r i a l-' O r i (' l l i a l i o l l O l l I I I <' i l l d i \' i d l l r 1l f; l I d l s " l l o l d d I ) { ' c l ose 1 0 I lw p ro j ec l i o l l o l' I lw 1 1 1 ()\'P I I W L J 1 \'('cl o r O L l I I I (' " l w a r Z O I I ( ' \\, , , 1 1 O L l l o I l w p L I I / ( '"

ol' l i l I:' i u d i v id l l a l fal d l s I l s i u g rl p ro jec l i o l l p h l w 1 ) ( ' r p ( ' l l d i c l d a l' 1 0 I I I P S l l l ' r l l' ZO I I P

\\'al l , 1 1 1 a st,preograp l l i c p roj pcl i O l l , I I w p u l l 's 1 , 0 " I r i a l ' s l l o l d d l i e O l l a l l ; 1 1 ' 1 ' , \\' l l i c l l i s

gpol l lel r i c a l l y i dE' l J 1 i n 1 l \V i l,1 1 I l w s i l l l p le ;; I w a r p l rl l l t' o l' "y l l l l l l l ' l ry, 1 \ 1 ,,0 I i J(' S p l ; I I I 1 'S

of t h e i u d i v i d l l a l ťrtll l t,s s h o l / l d 1 )(' i de l l t i ca l \V i l I I I I l i s p l a l l l' ,

:'I. NA LY';I'; < J F .\ I O \'E .\ IFN r,; I N HH ITI U: S m: ,\ I : Z( )NL": l l ! !

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