masters.donntu.orgmasters.donntu.org/2008/fvti/protivenskiy/library/articles/taxonomy.pdf ·...

36

Upload: others

Post on 15-Mar-2020

0 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: masters.donntu.orgmasters.donntu.org/2008/fvti/protivenskiy/library/articles/taxonomy.pdf · !"$#%& ' #' "( )+*-,/.1032/.54768)+9;:1:=@,/A)+:547,3BDCE*-9;FG

� ������������ ���������������������� ��!"�$#%�&��'����#'�"�(��� ���

)+*-,/.1032/.54768)+9;:1:=<?>@,/A )+:547,3BDCE*-9;FG<H9;,30/9;6 IJ9;K�A;:5470MLN9POC�>@QR*-6-.1QS47:�TU>@V?9;,32�WYXSZ;[

IJ>\V]47,32/F^>\6_2U97`�)+97F^V-K�2a>@,�b�Q\.=>\6-Q@>CE*�>Gcd6-.1e7>@,/03.12 f$9g`�h�K-QRB':5476-i

j ,/.keg4g2a>mlM4gA^n;o7p�XPnh�K-QRB':5476�irqts�>uOwv�>S4g:5476-i�x

y�zR{7|}|k~R�\������z@����{g�^~R{g�R���-|k{g���_�_�g�?�Uzu�@�5�7�-z\��|��7�?�'�5�'zP�1���

�(�S� ���} S¡R�¢5£�¤�¥\¦U§7¨3©�ª\«E¨m«Eªu¬�¨­¥�®�¯�«Eªu¬�¨J©°ªu«E«Eª\®±£�ª^¯P²³¦�£�¬�²´§�µP£�¨¦�ªu¶³£¸·�¥u¬�¨r²¹®�¶�ª\¬�«U¦�£�¤�¥R£t¬�¨�£º¥�²¹®+«Eª\¦�£-ª\¬t¥�»¹»Pª�¶7£�¤�¨N²¹®P¶�ªu¬�«U¥R¼£�²¹ªu®J½�¬�¨3¦�¨°®@£�²¹®£�¤�¨�ªu¬�²´¾\²¹®�¥�»_¦�ªuµ�¬º©�¨©°ªS¯�¨�¿NÀN®­²¹«E½7ªu¬�£�¥�®@£¨�Á�¥�«E½�»¹¨N²³¦ÃÂ\¥aÄa¥�§SÅ\£�¨3©°ªS¯�¨�¿?ÆS²¹®�©�¨�¦�µg©º¤�©�ªP¯P¨/¦r¥�¬�¨(¨/¥u¦�Å�£�ª¯P¨3©°ªu«E½�²¹»¹¨�Ç]£�¤�¨°ÅȲ¹®�©°¬�¨/¥u¦�¨U£�¤�¨J¬�²³¦�Éʪ�¶(«U¥u»¹²¹©°²¹ªuµ�¦&¬�¨°Ä\¨°¬º¦�¨¨°®�¾\²´®�¨°¨°¬�²¹®�¾�¥�£�£º¥u©ºÉP¦�¿

¢}®­£�¤�²³¦N½�¥u½g¨3¬�·�¨¬�¨3ÄS²´¨3·Ë¦�¨°Ä\¨°¬º¥�»;£�¨3©º¤�®�²³Ì@µ�¨/¦r¶�ªu¬�£�¨3©º¤�¼®�²³©°¥�»;½�¬�ª�£�¨3©�£�²¹ªu®�ª�¶�¦�ª�¶³£¸·r¥�¬�¨&¦�¨/©�¬�¨�£�¦°¿-ÍG¨&·Ã²¹»¹»_¥�¬�¾uµ�¨(£�¤�¥�£¥�µP£�ªu«U¥R£�²³©�κÏ3Ð\ÑÏuÒ1ÓºÔSÕ°Î�Öu×kØkÏ�ÙM²¹¦�©�µ�¬�¬�¨°®@£�»¹Å�£�¤�¨�«Eª\¦�£?ÄS²³¥�§�»¹¨«E¨�£�¤�ªS¯$¶�ªu¬½�¬�¨3Äu¨3®\£�²¹®�¾Ê¬�¨3Äu¨3¬�¦�¨m¨°®�¾u²¹®�¨°¨3¬�²¹®�¾�¿ÚÍG¨Û£�¤�¨3®¯P¨3¦�©�¬�²¹§g¨E£�¤�¨d¯P¨/¦�²¹¾\®Êª�¶N¥±ÎºÏ3Ð\Ñ­ÏuÒ1ÓºÔSÕ°Î�Öu×=Ï�ܺÇH¥J£�ª@ª\»?·Ã¤�²³©º¤©�ªu®SÄ\¨°¬�£�¦�¥�½�¬�ªu¾\¬�¥u«Ý²´®@£�ª�¥�®¨3Ì@µ�²¹ÄR¥�»¹¨3®\£Hªu®�¨(£�¤�¥�£Ã²¹¦�«Eª\¬�¨¯P²´ÞE©°µ�»´£r£�ªMµ�®�¯P¨3¬�¦�£�¥u®�¯¥�®�¯¬�¨°Äu¨3¬�¦�¨�¨°®�¾\²´®�¨°¨°¬3¿

ßr¤�¨Uª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�ªu¬�²³¦&§�¥\¦�¨/¯Gªu®G£�¤�¨U¥u½�½�»¹²³©°¥�£�²¹ªu®mªu¶r©°ªP¯P¨£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²´ª\®�¦°ÇH²¹®$«U¥�®Sű©3¥u¦�¨3¦d¦�²¹«E²¹»¹¥u¬�£�ªÊ£�¤�ª\¦�¨mµ�¦�¨3¯§@Å©�ª\«E½�²¹»´¨3¬?ª\½P£�²¹«E²¹à°¨3¬�¦°¿'ÍᨯP¨3¦�©�¬�²¹§g¨&¥+»¹¥u¬�¾\¨(®Sµ�«+§7¨°¬rª�¶¦�µ�©º¤d£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ªu®�¦°Çu©�»³¥u¦�¦�²â¶�Å�£�¤�¨3«JÇ�¥�®�¯d¨°ÄR¥�»¹µ�¥�£�¨Ã£�¤�¨°«·Ã²â£�¤m¬�¨3¦�½g¨/© £�£�ªU£�¤�¨°²¹¬Nã�Ïu×=Ñ°Ù7ΰä�å1ß%ª�·Ã¤�¥R£&¯P¨°¾\¬�¨3¨�²³¦�¥d¤@µ�¼«U¥�®á¬�¨/¥u¯P¨3¬©�ª\®P¶�µ�¦�¨3¯�æaçºÇrÜ�Ñ�Õ Ø³èéØkÑ�Ù;κÑdå1êNªR·ë·H¨3»´»t¥u¬�¨U¥uµP£�ªu¼«U¥R£�²³©ÛÐ\ѺÏuÒ1ÓºÔSÕ�κÖu×kØkÏ�ÙÈ¥R£�£º¥u©ºÉP¦�¬�¨/¦�²³¦�£�¨3¯gæ/ç Çt¥�®�¯ËÎ�ÏRÕ�×�å1êNªR·«�µ�©º¤ªRÄu¨3¬�¤�¨3¥u¯U²¹¦Ã¥\¯�¯P¨/¯U£�ªM£�¤�¨¥u½�½�»¹²³©°¥R£�²¹ªu®gæa线

Íá¨�ì�®g¥�»¹»¹Å�¯P²³¦�©�µ�¦�¦?¦�ªu«E¨N½7ª\¦�¦�²´§�»´¨N¯�¨°ªu§�¶�µ�¦�©3¥R£�²´ª\®+£�¨3©º¤�¼®�²³Ì\µ�¨3¦+åk¦�µ�©º¤Û¥u¦(½�¬�ªu¾\¬�¥u«íÕ èéØkΰسÙ@î/ç�¥�®�¯Û½gª@¦�¦�²¹§�»¹¨©�ªuµ�®\£�¨°¬�¼«E¨3¥u¦�µ�¬�¨3¦r¥�®ªu§�¶�µ�¦�©3¥R£�ªu¬Ã©�ª\µ�»³¯d¨3«E½�»¹ªRÅM¥u¾\¥u²´®g¦¸£H£�¤�¨3«J¿

ï ð¹ñ ���}ò;ó7ôP¡��ºõöò ñ÷ ²´Ä\¨°®E¨3®�ªuµ�¾\¤E£�²¹«E¨uÇ@¨°ø7ª\¬�£r¥�®�¯U¯�¨�£�¨3¬�«E²¹®�¥�£�²¹ªu®'Çu¥�©�ª\«E½g¨°¼£�¨°®@£t½�¬�ªu¾\¬�¥u«E«E¨°¬'·Ã²¹»¹»P¥�»¹·r¥aÅS¦%§g¨N¥u§�»¹¨?£�ª&¬�¨3Äu¨°¬º¦�¨H¨3®�¾u²¹®�¨3¨°¬¥�®SÅÛ¥�½�½�»¹²¹©3¥R£�²´ª\®_¿+ê(¥aÄS²´®�¾�¾@¥�²¹®�¨3¯Û½�¤SÅP¦�²³©°¥u»]¥u©°©°¨3¦�¦�£�ªJ£�¤�¨¥�½�½�»¹²³©°¥�£�²¹ªu®'Çg£�¤�¨M¬�¨3Äu¨°¬º¦�¨�¨°®�¾u²¹®�¨°¨3¬�©3¥�®G¯P¨3©°ªu«E½�²¹»¹¨²´£Måkµ�¦�¼²´®�¾�¯P²³¦�¥u¦�¦�¨3«�§�»¹¨3¬�¦Hªu¬&¯P¨3©°ªu«E½�²¹»¹¨°¬º¦&ù úuû³ç(¥�®g¯J£�¤�¨3®ü¥u®�¥�»¹ÅSà°¨²â£º¦r¯�¥R£º¥�¦�£�¬�µ�© £�µ�¬�¨3¦r¥�®�¯�©�ª\®\£�¬�ª\»�ýgªR·&¿]ßr¤�²¹¦�©°¥u®d¨3²â£�¤�¨°¬r§7¨¯Pªu®�¨­«U¥u®Sµ�¥�»¹»¹ÅÛª\¬E·Ã²â£�¤±£�¤�¨m¥�²³¯±ª�¶&¬�¨3Äu¨°¬º¦�¨d¨°®�¾u²¹®�¨°¨3¬�²¹®�¾£�ªSªu»³¦r¦�µg©º¤J¥\¦r½�¬�ªu¾u¬º¥�«þ¦�»¹²¹©°¨°¬º¦(ù ÿ��Rû1¿

ßr¤�²¹¦N²¹¦r®�ª�£�¥M®�¨3·Ë½�¬�ª\§�»¹¨°«J¿��N®@£�²´»%¬�¨/©�¨°®@£�»´ÅuÇ�¤�ªR·�¨°Äu¨3¬°Ç²´£²³¦¥D½�¬�ª\§�»¹¨°« £�¤g¥R£J¤�¥u¦¬�¨3©�¨3²¹Äu¨3¯�¬�¨3»¹¥�£�²¹Äu¨3»¹ÅÈ»¹²â£�£�»¹¨Û¥�£�¼£�¨3®@£�²¹ªu®±¶�¬�ª\« ¦�ªu¶³£¸·�¥u¬�¨¯P¨°Ä\¨°»¹ªu½7¨°¬º¦°¿^ßr¤�¨J¬�¨/¥u¦�ªu®^²¹¦�£�¤g¥R£«Eª\¦�£U½�¬�ªu¾\¬�¥u«U¦�¥u¬�¨J»³¥�¬�¾u¨uÇH«Eªu®�ªu»¹²´£�¤�²³©RÇ�¥�®�¯Y¦�¤�²¹½�½g¨/¯Y¥u¦¦�£�¬�²´½�½g¨/¯;Ç_®�¥R£�²´Ä\¨�©�ªP¯P¨uÇ_«U¥�ÉS²¹®�¾M£�¤�¨3«í¯P²´ÞU©�µ�»´£�å1¥�»´£�¤�ªuµ�¾\¤®�¨3Äu¨°¬Ã²¹«E½7ª\¦�¦�²¹§�»¹¨aç�£�ªM¬�¨°Äu¨3¬�¦�¨�¨°®�¾\²´®�¨°¨°¬3¿

ßr¤�²¹¦r¦�²´£�µ�¥�£�²¹ªu®U²³¦�©º¤�¥�®�¾u²¹®�¾�¿-¢5£Ã²³¦?§7¨3©°ªu«E²¹®�¾�«Eª\¬�¨�¥�®�¯«Eªu¬�¨�©°ªu«E«Eª\®�£�ª­¯P²³¦¸£�¬�²¹§�µP£�¨�¦�ª�¶³£¸·r¥�¬�¨�²¹®­¶�ªu¬�«U¦�£�¤�¥�£�¥u¬�¨¨3¥\¦�Åd£�ªd¯�¨3©�ª\«E½�²¹»¹¨�¥u®�¯J¬�¨3Äu¨3¬�¦�¨�¨°®�¾\²¹®�¨°¨3¬°¿�¢}«E½gª\¬�£º¥�®@£N¨�ÁS¼¥�«E½�»´¨/¦�²¹®�©°»¹µ�¯P¨EÂu¥aÄR¥�§@Å@£�¨3©�ªP¯P¨­ù��/û?¥u®�¯ü£�¤�¨��(Ü�Î�SØ�×5Ѻΰ×1ÔPÜ�ÑÑ°Ô�×1Ü�ÖRè���عÕ�×1Ü ØkÒ�Ô�×1ØkÏRÙ� �ÏRÜ��EÖ�×�åkÀ������-ç+ù����aû=¿&Â\¥aÄR¥U¥�½�½�»¹²â¼©°¥�£�²¹ªu®g¦d²¹®�½g¥�¬�£�²³©�µ�»³¥u¬U½gª@¦�¨Ê¥^½�¬�ªu§�»¹¨°« £�ªY¦�ª�¶³£¸·r¥�¬�¨ü¯�¨�¼Äu¨3»¹ªu½7¨°¬º¦�¿ ßr¤�¨°Å ¥�¬�¨È¯P²³¦¸£�¬�²¹§�µ�£�¨3¯8ªRÄu¨3¬J£�¤�¨^¢}®@£�¨°¬�®�¨°£Û¥u¦Â\¥aÄa¥ ΰèâÖRÕ�Õ��?èâÑ ÕºÇM¥Y¤�¥�¬º¯P·r¥�¬�¨�¼5²´®g¯P¨°½7¨°®�¯�¨°®@£­Ä@²¹¬�£�µ�¥u»�«U¥R¼©º¤�²¹®�¨�©°ªP¯P¨£�¤�¥R£&¬�¨°£�¥u²´®g¦NÄS²¹¬�£�µ�¥�»¹»¹ÅU¥�»¹»'£�¤�¨+²´®�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ª\®�ªu¶£�¤�¨?ªu¬�²¹¾u²¹®�¥u»RÂ\¥aÄR¥N¦�ªuµ�¬º©�¨u¿�êN¨3®�©�¨uÇ/£�¤�¨3¦�¨H©°»³¥u¦�¦7ì�»¹¨3¦%¥u¬�¨?¨3¥u¦�Å£�ªm¯�¨3©�ª\«E½�²¹»¹¨�¿��­ªu¬�¨°ªRÄ\¨°¬3Ç;§7¨3©3¥�µ�¦�¨E«+µ�©º¤üªu¶H£�¤�¨U©�ª\«E½�µP¼£�¥�£�²¹ªu®£º¥�Éu¨/¦Ã½�»³¥u©°¨&²´®m¦�£�¥u®�¯�¥u¬�¯»¹²¹§�¬�¥u¬�²¹¨/¦�ÇPÂu¥aÄR¥M½�¬�ªu¾\¬�¥u«U¦¥�¬�¨Mª�¶³£�¨°®á¦�«U¥u»´»�²¹®G¦�²¹à°¨M¥�®�¯ü£�¤�¨°¬�¨�¶�ª\¬�¨+¬�¨3»³¥R£�²¹Ä\¨°»¹Åd¨/¥u¦�Å­£�ª¬�¨°Äu¨3¬�¦�¨�¨°®�¾\²´®�¨°¨°¬3¿

ßr¤�¨(«U¥u²´®E©°ªu®�©°¨°¬�®Uª�¶�Â\¥aÄR¥¯P¨3Äu¨°»¹ª\½g¨3¬�¦]²³¦H®�ª�£rªuµ�£�¬�²´¾\¤@£¬�¨°¨°®�¾u²¹®�¨°¨3¬�²¹®�¾�ª�¶-¨°®@£�²¹¬�¨�¥u½�½�»¹²³©°¥�£�²¹ªu®�¦°¿]ßr¤�¨°¬�¨�²³¦r¬�¨3»¹¥�£�²¹Äu¨3»¹Å»¹²´£�£�»¹¨áÄR¥�»¹µ�¨á²¹®Ú¦�µ�©º¤Ú§7¨°¤g¥aÄ@²¹ª\¬J¦�²¹®�©�¨Ê²´£Û©°»´¨/¥�¬�»¹Å$Ä@²¹ª\»¹¥�£�¨/¦©�ª\½SÅ@¬�²¹¾u¤@£d»³¥a·�ù ÿ��aû=Ç&¥u®�¯�©3¥�®�§7¨á¤�¥�®g¯P»¹¨3¯Y£�¤�¬�ª\µ�¾u¤�»´²´£�²â¼¾\¥�£�²¹ªu®'¿! �¥R£�¤�¨°¬3Ç�¯P¨3Äu¨°»¹ª\½g¨3¬�¦�¥�¬�¨Û«Eª\¦�£�»¹Å^¶�¬�²¹¾\¤\£�¨°®�¨/¯$§SÅ£�¤�¨�½�¬�ª@¦�½7¨3©�£�ªu¶�¥M©�ª\«E½g¨°£�²´£�ª\¬H§7¨°²¹®�¾M¥�§�»´¨(£�ªM¨°Á@£�¬�¥\© £Ã½�¬�ª�¼½�¬�²¹¨�£�¥u¬�Å¥�»¹¾uª\¬�²´£�¤�«U¦H¥u®�¯m¯�¥�£�¥U¦�£�¬�µ�©�£�µ�¬�¨3¦N¶�¬�ª\« £�¤�¨°²¹¬�¥u½P¼½�»¹²³©°¥�£�²¹ªu®�¦�²¹®Ûªu¬º¯P¨3¬(£�ª­²¹®�©�ª\¬�½7ªu¬º¥R£�¨�£�¤�¨3«í²¹®@£�ª�£�¤�¨3²¹¬�ªR·Ã®½�¬�ªu¾\¬�¥u«U¦�¿"�Nª�£Ãª\®�»¹ÅU¯PªS¨3¦r²´£Ã¾u²¹Äu¨(£�¤�¨�©°ªu«E½7¨�£�²´£�ªu¬r¥+©°ªu«M¼«E¨°¬º©�²³¥u»]¨3¯P¾\¨Ûå�§SÅá©�µP£�£�²¹®�¾Û¯P¨3Äu¨3»´ª\½�«E¨°®@£&£�²¹«E¨U¥u®�¯Ê©�ª@¦¸£ çºÇ§�µP£N²´£r²³¦�¥u»³¦�ª+¯P²´ÞE©°µ�»´£?£�ªM¯�¨�£�¨/© £�¥u®�¯U½�µ�¬�¦�µ�¨&»¹¨°¾\¥u»¹»´Åu¿�ßr¤�¨»³¥u¦�£H½7ªu²¹®@£H²³¦H½�¥�¬�£�²³©�µ�»¹¥u¬�»¹ÅÄR¥u»´²³¯+¶�ª\¬r¦�«U¥�»¹»�¯�¨°Äu¨3»¹ªu½7¨°¬º¦t·Ã¤�ª«U¥aÅ&²¹»´»S¥Rø;ªu¬º¯�»´¨3®�¾�£�¤SÅ�»¹¨3¾\¥�»@§�¥�£�£�»¹¨/¦�¥u¾\¥u²´®g¦¸£�½gªR·�¨°¬�¶�µ�»P©�ª\¬�¼½7ªu¬º¥R£�²¹ª\®�¦(ù���#�û'·Ã²´£�¤µ�®�»¹²¹«E²â£�¨3¯E»¹¨3¾\¥�»;§�µg¯P¾u¨°£�¦°¿

ßr¤�¨E½�µ�¬�½gª@¦�¨Mª�¶�£�¤�²¹¦�½�¥u½g¨3¬²³¦(£�ªm¯P²³¦�©�µ�¦�¦(£�¤�¨EÄR¥�¬�²¹ªuµ�¦¶�ªu¬�«U¦ª�¶+£�¨/©º¤�®�²³©°¥u»�½�¬�ªu£�¨3©�£�²¹ªu®8ª�¶M²¹®\£�¨°»¹»¹¨3©�£�µ�¥u»(½�¬�ªu½7¨°¬�£¸Å·Ã¤�²³©º¤­¥�¬�¨¥aÄR¥�²¹»³¥�§�»¹¨N£�ªd¦�ª�¶³£¸·r¥�¬�¨&¯�¨°Äu¨3»¹ªu½7¨°¬º¦�¿HÍG¨·Ã²¹»¹»'¬�¨�¼

Page 2: masters.donntu.orgmasters.donntu.org/2008/fvti/protivenskiy/library/articles/taxonomy.pdf · !"$#%& ' #' "( )+*-,/.1032/.54768)+9;:1:=@,/A)+:547,3BDCE*-9;FG

$%'&)(+*-,'.-%-/0&1�2.-(3 .-(41%�.56-7 ,8+*9&1�2.-(:'&14&. 7 ,8+*9&1�2.-(. 7 ,8+*9&1�2.-(;'&<'.-841

$%'&)(+*-,'.-%-/0&1�2.-(=14&)%4>4?1@ 9�A

$4?49-B�(+29&�5C%�.)14?49)1�2.-(

D(�9-%4<E41�2.-( @ C4&)%41�2)&�5+AF ?)%4G4?)%�H4*�2-I4?D�J4?49-841�2.-($%�8+*-14?IK'&1�2-G4? 3 .)I4?6-7 ,8+*9&1�2.-(

;'?>4&�5C%�.)14?49)1�2.-(

LM(414?�5�5�?49)18'&�5NC%�.)14?49)1�2.-(@ &+A

. 7 ,8+*9&1�2.-(;'&<'.-841

3 B'&)(4>4?,'.-%-/0&1�1�2M(4>O'?P/Q.)G4?9�.R/�/0?)(41�*

F 9-%'&P/ 7 5�?L-I4?)(41�2-,�2)?)%+*

C%'?G4?)(41�2-G4?$%'&)(+*-,'.-%-/0&1�2.-(+*

D�JE'54.-%'?�S'?�&-T+H('?'*�*)?'*U2M(9-8�%�%'?)(41I4?49�.R/�E+2)5�?)%+*&)(4IUI4?4. 7 ,'H8+*9&1'.-%+*

D�JE'54.-%'?2M(�B'?)%'?)(41E�%�. 7 5�?P/�*S+2-1B�T4(�.-S�(I4?4. 7 ,8+*9&1�2.-(14?49-B�(+2-V8'?'*

O'?I8�942 7 5�?U1'.K�.-(�H-%'?I8�942 7 5�?,454.-S�>%'&)E�B+*

$4& 7 5�?N2M(414?)%�HE�%'?14&1�2.-(

6 84145'2M('?*-14&14?P/0?)(41�*

LM('5'2M('?/0?1B�.)I

W�(�%�.5�554.�.-E

O'?4.-%4I4?)%?JE�%'?'*�*�2.-(

F E'5'2-1G4&)%+2)& 7 5�?'*

1'.XE�%�.�9?I8�%'?3 .-(4G4?)%41*-14&1�29�I4&14&

C%�.R/Q.)14?*9&�5�&)%+*Y1'.

C%'?G4?)(41�2-G4?

. 7'Z ?49)1�*

G4&)%+2)& 7 5�?'*3 B'&)(4>4?G4&)%+2)& 7 5�?5'2-,4?1�2[/0?'*

\�.)I�2-,�<2M(�B'?)%+2-14&)(�9?%'?�5�&1�2.-(+*/0?)%4>4?^]&)%�%'&<�*F E'5'2-1_]`,'.5I_]

O'?4.-%4I4?)%/0?1B�.)I�*

O'?4.-%4I4?)%2M(+*-14&)(�9?G4&)%+2)& 7 5�?'*

O'?4.-%4I4?)%&)%�%'&<�*

6 %4I4?)%+2M(4>

3 .4*-1

C'.)14?)(�9)<@ 7 A

O'?'*�2)5'2)?)(�9?

@ I0A

@ >0A

$4&)%4>4?14?I LM(�B'?)%'?)(41

@ ,0Aa >�>%'?>4&1�2.-( 6 %4I4?)%+2M(4> 3 .R/�E�8414&1�2.-(+*

3 .-(41%�.5U. 7 ,8+*9&1�2.-(

9�.-(4I�2-1�2.-(D�J�14?)(4IU54.�.-E3 54.-('?/0?1B�.)I�*

O'?4.-%4I4?)%*-14&14?P/0?)(41�*O'?4.-%4I4?)%54.�.-E+*

@ ?+A :'&14&U. 7 ,8+*9&1�2.-(a >�>%'?>4&1�2.-(F 1'.-%'&>4?�b�D(�9�.)I�2M(4>

3 B'&)(4>4??)(�9�.)I�2M(4> \'?)%4>4?N*9&�5�&)%

cedgf�hjiPkUl�monqpsr�tRtRd�u_v�r4wPdgx+yzx'{�|`rQ}�~�dgy_��t�x'{���iPx�wPkv-wPdsx�y�r�f0r'dgy^t[w���r'psdgvdgx�h^t�iPk)�0k)iPtRk�ky^f�dsyjkk)iPdgy^f���|���}�wP�jk���h^r�pgd�w��Nx�{�r�y�x+��{�hjtRv�r'wPdgy^fwRiMr'y^t[{�x�iP��r'wPdgx�y���|�v'}�dgyj{�x�iP��r4wPdsx�y�wMr4iPf+k)wPk���Q��r'yox��j{�h^tRv�r4wPdsyjf�wRiMr'y^t[{�x'iP��r'wPdgx+y���|`��}ep�r�Qx�hjw�x��j{�h^tRv�r4wPdsx�y^t��|�k'}��jr'wMr�x+��{�h^tRvr'wPdgx+yjt��|�{-}v)x+yQwRiPx+p�x+�j{�h^tRv�r4wPdgx+y^t�_r�y^�U|�f�}q��iPk�0kyQwPdg�0k�x��j{�h^tRv�r4wPdsx�y^t�

¦¸£�¬�²³© £Nª\µ�¬N¯P²³¦�©�µ�¦�¦�²¹ª\®U£�ªdÂ\¥aÄR¥M½�¬�ªu¾u¬º¥�«U¦�¯P²³¦�£�¬�²´§�µP£�¨/¯dªRÄ\¨°¬£�¤�¨m¢}®@£�¨°¬�®�¨�£�¥\¦dÂ\¥aÄa¥á©°»¹¥\¦�¦�¼=ì�»¹¨3¦°ÇH¥�»´£�¤�ªuµ�¾\¤^«Eª@¦¸£Eª�¶�ª\µ�¬¬�¨/¦�µ�»´£º¦�·Ã²¹»¹»�¥u½�½�»¹Å£�ªª�£�¤�¨°¬&»³¥�®�¾\µ�¥�¾\¨3¦N¥u®�¯Û¥u¬�©º¤�²´£�¨3© £�µ�¬�¨�¼®�¨°µP£�¬�¥u»�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�¦+¥u¦+·�¨°»¹»=¿áÍG¨J·Ã²¹»¹»�¥u¬�¾\µ�¨U£�¤�¥R£+£�¤�¨Jª\®�»¹Å¬�¨/¥u¦�ªu®�¥u§�»¹¨r¥u½�½�¬�ª\¥\©º¤�£�ª£�¤�¨�½�¬�ª�£�¨3©�£�²¹ªu®Mª�¶'«Eª\§�²¹»¹¨�©°ªS¯�¨�²³¦Î�Ï/ÐuÑ(ÏuÒ1ÓºÔSÕ°Î�Öu×kØkÏ�Ù�¿-Íá¨H·Ã²¹»¹»R¶�µ�¬�£�¤�¨3¬�«Eª\¬�¨?½�¬�¨/¦�¨3®@£�¥N®Sµ�«+§g¨3¬ª�¶NÏuÒ1ÓºÔSÕ�κÖu×kسÙSî�×1Ü�Ö�Ù�Õ�Ó�ÏRÜ��EÖ�×1ØkÏRÙ�Õ�Ç_©�»³¥\¦�¦�²´¶�Å�£�¤�¨°«�¥u©3©�ª\¬�¯P²¹®�¾£�ªJ¨�ø;¨3©�£�²¹Äu¨3®�¨3¦�¦(¥u®�¯ü¨�ÞU©�²¹¨°®g©�Å�Ç%¥u®�¯G¦�¤�ªR· ¤�ªR·Ú£�¤�¨°ÅÛ©3¥�®§g¨�½�µ�£N£�ªMµ�¦�¨&²´®J¥�®­¥uµP£�ª\«U¥R£�²³©�ªu§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�²¹ªu®d£�ªSªu»=¿

ßr¤�¨&¬�¨°«U¥�²¹®�¯�¨°¬tªu¶%£�¤�¨�½g¥�½7¨°¬r²³¦H¦�£�¬�µ�© £�µ�¬�¨3¯d¥\¦H¶�ªu»¹»¹ªR·N¦�¿¢}® ÆS¨3©�£�²¹ªu® ÿ�·H¨±¾u²¹Äu¨È¥u® ªRÄu¨3¬�ÄS²¹¨°· ª�¶d¯P²´ø;¨°¬�¨°®@£m¶�ªu¬�«U¦ª�¶&£�¨/©º¤�®�²³©°¥u»Ã½�¬�ªu£�¨/© £�²¹ª\®D¥u¾\¥�²¹®�¦�£E¦�ªu¶³£¸·�¥u¬�¨£�¤�¨�¶³£¥u®�¯Y¥�¬�¼¾uµ�¨­£�¤�¥R£J©�ªP¯P¨mª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�²¹ªu®$©�µ�¬�¬�¨°®@£�»¹ÅD¥Rø;ªu¬º¯�¦M£�¤�¨Û«Eª\¦�£¨3©�ª\®�ªu«E²³©3¥�»N½�¬�¨°Ä\¨°®@£�²¹ª\®_¿ ¢}®ËÆS¨/© £�²´ª\®��^·H¨G¾u²¹Äu¨G¥±§�¬�²¹¨�¶ªRÄu¨°¬�ÄS²¹¨°·ëª�¶Ã£�¤�¨¯P¨/¦�²¹¾\®Èª�¶��q�+�0�@Ç�¥Û©�ªP¯P¨�ªu§P¶�µg¦�©3¥R£�ª\¬¶�ª\¬Âu¥aÄR¥PÇP·Ã¤�²³©º¤U²³¦r©�µ�¬�¬�¨°®@£�»¹ÅMµ�®�¯�¨°¬Ã©�ª\®�¦¸£�¬�µg© £�²¹ª\®_¿]ÆP¨3© £�²¹ªu®�¦Hú¥�®�¯N�¯P¨/¦�©°¬�²¹§7¨N£�¤�¨�©°¬�²´£�¨3¬�²³¥�·�¨(µ�¦�¨N£�ª+©°»³¥u¦�¦�²´¶�Å�¥u®�¯E¨3Äa¥u»¹µP¼

¥R£�¨�¯P²´ø7¨3¬�¨3®\£�£¸ÅS½g¨/¦rª�¶�ªu§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�²¹®�¾�£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ªu®�¦°¿�ßr¤�¨«U¥�²¹®á©�ª\®\£�¬�²¹§�µ�£�²¹ªu®�¦�ªu¶�£�¤�¨U½�¥u½g¨3¬�¥�¬�¨U©�ª\®@£�¥�²¹®�¨/¯Û²¹®ÈÆS¨/© ¼£�²¹ª\®�¦ �PÇ"�SÇ��PÇ�¥u®�¯¡#PÇ'·Ã¤�²³©º¤ü½�¬�¨/¦�¨3®@£�¥©°¥�£�¥u»´ª\¾uµ�¨�ª�¶Hª\§P¼¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�²¹®�¾U£�¬�¥u®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ª\®�¦�¿(¢}®GÆS¨/© £�²¹ª\®¢��£d·H¨+¾u²¹Äu¨�«Eªu¬�¨¯P¨°£�¥�²¹»¹¨3¯±ªu§P¶�µg¦�©3¥R£�²¹ª\®^¥�»¹¾\ªu¬�²â£�¤�«U¦°¿ÊÍG¨m©°ªu®�©°»´µg¯P¨�·Ã²´£�¤D¥¦�µ�«E«U¥�¬�Å&ª�¶;ªuµ�¬t¬�¨3¦�µ�»´£�¦-¥u®�¯M¥�¯P²³¦�©°µ�¦�¦�²¹ªu®ªu¶g¶�µ�£�µ�¬�¨N¯P²¹¬�¨/© ¼£�²¹ª\®�¦rª�¶-©�ªP¯P¨&ªu§P¶�µg¦�©3¥R£�²¹ª\®üå1ÆP¨3© £�²¹ªu®z���/ç ¿

¤ ¥ �}òP�¦@¡R� õ ñ^§Èð³ñ �¦^¨g¨�¦\¡R�°ôP �¨ ¥ �}ò�©�¦S�5�Pª« ªu®g¦�²³¯P¨3¬&£�¤�¨E¶�ª\»¹»´ªR·Ã²¹®�¾¦�©°¨°®�¥u¬�²¹ª�¿�ÀN»¹²³©�¨M²³¦�¥m¦�«U¥�»¹»]¦�ªu¶³£�¼·r¥�¬�¨È¯P¨°Ä\¨°»¹ªu½7¨°¬m·Ã¤�ª�·�¥u®@£�¦J£�ª�«U¥�É\¨á¤�¨°¬á¥�½�½�»´²³©3¥R£�²¹ª\®�¦¥aÄR¥�²¹»³¥�§�»¹¨E£�ªÈµ�¦�¨°¬º¦MªRÄu¨3¬M£�¤�¨m¢}®@£�¨°¬�®�¨�£3Çr½�¬�¨/¦�µ�«U¥u§�»¹ÅÈ¥R£d¥©º¤�¥u¬�¾\¨�¿q¬�ª\§E²¹¦H¥�¬�²´ÄR¥u»�¯P¨°Ä\¨°»¹ªu½7¨°¬]·Ã¤�ª¶�¨°¨3»³¦-£�¤�¥�£H¤�¨�©�ª\µ�»³¯¾\¥u²¹®G¥­©°ªu«E«E¨°¬º©�²³¥u»�¨/¯P¾u¨EªRÄ\¨°¬ÀN»¹²³©�¨M²´¶r¤�¨U¤�¥\¯G¥\©°©°¨3¦�¦&£�ª¤�¨3¬N¥�½�½�»¹²³©°¥�£�²¹ªu®�­ ¦?Éu¨°Å�¥�»¹¾uª\¬�²´£�¤�«U¦t¥�®�¯J¯�¥�£�¥M¦�£�¬�µ�© £�µ�¬�¨/¦�¿

ßr¤�²¹¦Ã©3¥�®J§7¨¦�¨3¨°®­¥u¦Ã¥+£¸·�ª�¼5½�»³¥aÅu¨3¬?¾\¥u«E¨(§7¨�£¸·�¨°¨3®£¸·Hª

ÿ

Page 3: masters.donntu.orgmasters.donntu.org/2008/fvti/protivenskiy/library/articles/taxonomy.pdf · !"$#%& ' #' "( )+*-,/.1032/.54768)+9;:1:=@,/A)+:547,3BDCE*-9;FG

¥u¯PÄ\¨°¬º¦�¥u¬�²¹¨3¦'®_£�¤�¨�¦�ª�¶³£¸·r¥�¬�¨�¯P¨3Äu¨°»¹ª\½g¨3¬�åkÀ�»´²³©°¨/ç-·Ã¤�ª�£�¬�²¹¨3¦]£�ª½�¬�ªu£�¨/© £(¤�¨°¬(©°ªP¯P¨�¶�¬�ªu«�¥R£�£º¥u©ºÉ7Ç_¥�®�¯£�¤�¨�¬�¨°Ä\¨°¬º¦�¨�¨3®�¾u²¹®�¨3¨°¬å¯¬�ªu§gç·Ã¤�ª\¦�¨M£�¥\¦�ÉG²´£�²³¦&£�ªü¥�®�¥u»´ÅSà3¨�£�¤�¨�¥u½�½�»¹²³©°¥�£�²¹ªu®Û¥u®�¯©�ªu®SÄ\¨°¬�£�²´£�²¹®\£�ª¥�¶�ª\¬�«í£�¤�¥�£&²³¦&¨/¥u¦�ÅJ£�ª­¬�¨3¥u¯ü¥�®�¯üµ�®�¯�¨°¬�¼¦¸£º¥�®�¯;¿��Nª�£�¨&£�¤�¥�£N²´£r²³¦r®�ªu£N®�¨3©°¨3¦�¦�¥u¬�ÅM¶�ª\¬�¬�ªu§£�ªE©�ª\®SÄu¨°¬�££�¤�¨�¥�½�½�»¹²³©°¥�£�²¹ªu®�§�¥u©ºÉ�£�ª�¦�ªu«E¨°£�¤�²¹®�¾�©°»´ª@¦�¨�£�ª�ÀN»¹²³©�¨�­ ¦]ª\¬�²¹¾\²â¼®�¥�»;¦�ª\µ�¬º©�¨�°S¥�»¹»P£�¤�¥R£�²¹¦?®�¨3©°¨3¦�¦�¥u¬�Å�²³¦-£�¤�¥�£?£�¤�¨�¬�¨°Ä\¨°¬º¦�¨Ã¨3®�¾u²´¼®�¨°¨3¬�¨/¯�©�ªP¯P¨]§7¨?µ�®�¯�¨°¬º¦¸£º¥�®�¯�¥u§�»¹¨-§@Å�¬�ªu§¥�®g¯(¤�²¹¦'½�¬�ª\¾u¬º¥�«M¼«E¨°¬º¦�¿��Nª�£�¨�¥�»³¦�ª�£�¤�¥R£(²â£(«U¥aÅU®�ª�£N§7¨®�¨/©�¨/¦�¦�¥�¬�ÅE¶�ªu¬�ÀN»¹²³©�¨£�ªE½�¬�ª�£�¨3© £N¤�¨°¬Ã¨°®@£�²´¬�¨&¥�½�½�»¹²³©°¥�£�²¹ªu®U¶�¬�ª\«±¬�ªu§²°�²´£Ã½�¬�ªu§�¥u§�»¹Å©�ªu®g¦�²³¦�£�¦�«Eª\¦�£�»¹Å�ª�¶�³ §�¬�¨3¥u¯P¼5¥u®�¯S¼5§�µP£�£�¨°¬]©�ªP¯P¨+´N£�¤�¥R£]²³¦�ª�¶7®�ª¬�¨/¥�»_²¹®@£�¨°¬�¨3¦�£�£�ªU¥M©�ª\«E½g¨°£�²´£�ª\¬°¿

ÀN»¹²³©�¨+©°¥u®Û½�¬�ª�£�¨3© £�¤�¨°¬�©°ªS¯�¨�¶�¬�ªu«µ¬�ªu§�­ ¦�¥R£�£�¥u©ºÉJµ�¦�²¹®�¾¨°²´£�¤�¨3¬ÃèâÑ5î\Ö�èRªu¬N×5ѺÎ)�PÙ�ØkκÖRèR½�¬�ª�£�¨3©�£�²¹ªu®_¿�Í�¤�²¹»¹¨�©°ªu½SÅS¬�²¹¾u¤@£-»³¥a·¯PªS¨3¦E©�ªRÄ\¨°¬M¦�ªu¶³£¸·�¥u¬�¨¥�¬�£�²´¶k¥u©�£�¦°Çt¨3©°ªu®�ª\«E²¹©U¬�¨/¥�»¹²´£�²¹¨3¦�«U¥uÉu¨²â£M¯P²´ÞU©�µ�»´£�¶�ªu¬M¥m¦�«U¥�»¹»?©°ªu«E½�¥u®@ÅÛ»´²¹É\¨UÀN»¹²³©�¨�­ ¦&£�ªÛ¨°®�¶�ªu¬º©�¨£�¤�¨m»³¥a· ¥�¾\¥u²¹®�¦¸£E¥á»³¥�¬�¾u¨3¬+¥u®�¯Y«Eªu¬�¨�½7ªR·�¨°¬�¶�µ�»�©�ª\«E½g¨°£�²´¼£�ªu¬3¿dÀÝ«Eªu¬�¨M¥R£�£�¬�¥\© £�²´Ä\¨�¦�ªu»¹µP£�²´ª\®m²³¦�¶�ªu¬À�»´²³©°¨�£�ª½�¬�ªu£�¨3©�£¤�¨°¬+©�ªP¯P¨U§SÅÛ«U¥uÉS²´®�¾�¬�¨°Ä\¨°¬º¦�¨M¨°®�¾u²¹®�¨°¨3¬�²¹®�¾J¦�ªJ£�¨3©º¤�®�²³©°¥�»¹»¹Å¯P²´ÞE©°µ�»´£H£�¤�¥R£N²´£r§g¨/©�ª\«E¨3¦�²¹«E½gª@¦�¦�²¹§�»¹¨Ãªu¬Ã¥R£r£�¤�¨�Ä\¨°¬�ÅE»¹¨3¥u¦�£¨3©�ª\®�ªu«E²³©3¥�»¹»¹Å�²¹®SÄS²³¥�§�»¹¨�¿%ÆSª\«E¨t¨3¥u¬�»¹Å�¥R£�£�¨°«E½P£º¦%¥�£%£�¨/©º¤�®�²³©°¥u»½�¬�ªu£�¨/© £�²¹ª\®�¥�¬�¨�¯P¨3¦�©�¬�²¹§g¨/¯U§SÅ ÷ ª@¦�»¹¨°¬�ù �Rû=¿

ßr¤�¨G«Eª\¦�£�¦�¨3©�µ�¬�¨Û¥u½�½�¬�ª\¥\©º¤D²³¦d¶�ªu¬ÀN»¹²³©�¨m®�ªu£d£�ª^¦�¨°»¹»¤�¨°¬U¥u½�½�»¹²³©°¥R£�²¹ªu®Ê¥R£U¥�»¹»=Ç?§�µ�£M¬º¥R£�¤�¨°¬E¦�¨°»¹»r²´£�¦�Õ°Ñ�Ü�¶/Øk뼄 ͼ¿�¢}®ª�£�¤�¨°¬�·�ªu¬º¯�¦°Ç�µ�¦�¨°¬º¦Ã®�¨3Äu¨°¬(¾\¥u²´®J¥u©3©�¨/¦�¦r£�ªE£�¤�¨�¥�½�½�»¹²¹©3¥R£�²´ª\®²â£º¦�¨3»´¶�§�µ�£�¬º¥R£�¤�¨°¬�©°ªu®�®�¨3© £(£�ªdÀ�»¹²¹©°¨�­ ¦N¦�²â£�¨�£�ªd¬�µ�®m£�¤�¨�½�¬�ªu¼¾u¬º¥�« ¬�¨°«Eªu£�¨3»´Å�å·��²´¾\µ�¬�¨Ûÿ�åk¥@ç�ç ÇN½�¥aÅS²´®�¾á¥±¦�«U¥u»´»Ã¥u«Eªuµ�®@£ª�¶H¨3»¹¨3© £�¬�ª\®�²³©�«Eªu®�¨°ÅJ¨°Ä\¨°¬�ÅJ£�²¹«E¨�¿�ßr¤�¨E¥\¯PÄR¥�®@£�¥u¾u¨£�ª­ÀN»´¼²¹©°¨�²³¦�£�¤g¥R£�¬�ªu§±·Ã²¹»¹»�®�¨°Ä\¨°¬M¾\¥u²´®±½�¤SÅS¦�²³©°¥u»H¥u©3©�¨/¦�¦�£�ªG£�¤�¨¥�½�½�»¹²³©°¥�£�²¹ªu®J¥�®g¯­¤�¨°®g©�¨�·Ã²¹»¹»%®�ª�£(§7¨M¥�§�»¹¨�£�ªd¬�¨°Äu¨3¬�¦�¨¨3®�¾u²´¼®�¨°¨3¬²´£°¿ßr¤�¨d¯PªR·Ã®�¦�²³¯P¨�²³¦�ªu¶r©°ªuµ�¬º¦�¨�£�¤�¥R£3Ç-¯�µ�¨E£�ª­»¹²¹«E²´£�¦ªu®U®�¨°£¸·Hª\¬�É�§�¥�®g¯P·Ã²³¯S£�¤U¥u®�¯M»³¥R£�¨3®�©�ÅuÇu£�¤�¨(¥u½�½�»¹²³©°¥R£�²¹ªu®�·Ã²¹»¹»½g¨3¬�¶�ª\¬�« «�µg©º¤G·�ªu¬º¦�¨M£�¤�¥u®È²´¶r²´£¤�¥\¯Ê¬�µ�®Ê»¹ªS©3¥�»¹»¹ÅJªu®Ê£�¤�¨µ�¦�¨3¬'­ ¦-¦�²´£�¨�¿�ÀD½�¥u¬�£�²¹¥u»\¦�ªu»¹µP£�²´ª\®�²³¦'£�ª(§�¬�¨3¥uÉ�£�¤�¨Ã¥�½�½�»¹²¹©3¥R£�²´ª\®²´®@£�ªJ£¸·HªJ½�¥u¬�£º¦4®�¥J½�µ�§�»¹²³©�½g¥�¬�££�¤�¥�£¬�µ�®�¦�»¹ªP©°¥�»¹»¹ÅJªu®á£�¤�¨µ�¦�¨3¬'­ ¦&¦�²´£�¨�Ç%¥�®g¯ü¥�½�¬�²´ÄR¥�£�¨+½�¥�¬�£Må�£�¤�¥�£�©�ª\®\£º¥�²¹®�¦N£�¤�¨U¥u»´¾\ª�¼¬�²´£�¤�«U¦%£�¤�¥R£tÀ�»´²³©°¨H·r¥�®@£�¦�£�ª�½�¬�ªu£�¨3©�£ºç%£�¤g¥R£t²³¦�¬�µ�®+¬�¨°«Eª�£�¨°»¹Åå¯��²¹¾uµ�¬�¨ÿ�å�§7ç�线

ÀN®�ª�£�¤�¨°¬È¥�½�½�¬�ª@¥u©º¤ ·�ªuµ�»¹¯ §g¨D¶�ª\¬áÀ�»¹²¹©°¨±£�ªÝÑ°Ù7롆 ä�ã;פ�¨°¬ë©�ªP¯P¨ §7¨�¶�ª\¬�¨ ²â£ ²¹¦ ¦�¨3®\£ëª�ø £�ª £�¤�¨ µ�¦�¨°¬º¦ å·��²´¾u¼µ�¬�¨¢�@线¸��®P¶�ªu¬�£�µ�®�¥R£�¨°»¹Å�Ç&£�¤�²¹¦Jª\®�»¹Å$·Hª\¬�ÉP¦J²´¶�£�¤�¨Ê¨°®@£�²´¬�¨¯P¨3©°¬�ÅS½P£�²´ª\®�¹a¨°ÁP¨3©�µ�£�²¹ªu®m½�¬�ªP©�¨/¦�¦(£º¥�Éu¨/¦&½�»³¥u©°¨�²¹®G¤�¥�¬º¯P·r¥�¬�¨�¿ÆSµ�©º¤È¦�ÅS¦�£�¨3«U¦�¥�¬�¨U¯P¨3¦�©�¬�²¹§g¨/¯Û²¹®ÊêN¨3¬�à3§g¨3¬�¾Êù����°ûH¥�®�¯GÍ�²¹»´¼¤�¨°»¹« ù �º��û1¿�¢5¶@£�¤�¨?©°ªS¯�¨t²³¦;¨�ÁP¨3©°µP£�¨/¯(²¹®�¦�ª�¶³£¸·r¥�¬�¨�§SÅ�¥rÄ@²¹¬�£�µ�¥u»«U¥u©º¤�²¹®�¨H²´®@£�¨°¬�½�¬�¨°£�¨3¬�å1¥u¦-²³¦-«Eª\¦�£�ªu¶³£�¨3®�£�¤�¨N©°¥\¦�¨�·Ã²´£�¤EÂu¥aÄR¥§@Å@£�¨3©�ªP¯P¨/¦�ç Ç-£�¤�¨3®È²´£·Ã²´»¹»?¥u»¹·�¥aÅP¦�§g¨�½gª@¦�¦�²¹§�»¹¨+¶�ªu¬�¬�ªu§á£�ª²´®@£�¨°¬º©�¨°½�£Ã¥u®�¯¯P¨3©°ªu«E½�²¹»¹¨N£�¤�¨¯P¨3©°¬�ÅS½P£�¨3¯©�ªP¯P¨u¿

Â\¥aÄa¥¤�¥u¦H¾\¥u²´®�¨3¯M½7ªu½�µ�»³¥u¬�²´£¸Å«U¥u²´®�»´Å�§g¨/©°¥�µg¦�¨(ª�¶%²´£�¦H¥�¬�¼©º¤�²´£�¨3©�£�µ�¬�¨d®�¨°µP£�¬�¥u»�§SÅ@£�¨/©�ªP¯P¨u¿ÈÍ�¤�²¹»¹¨U£�¤�²¹¦M©°»´¨/¥�¬�»¹Åm¶k¥u©°²¹»´²´¼£�¥R£�¨3¦Ã«Eª\§�²¹»¹¨(©�ªP¯P¨uÇ�²´£N¯PªS¨3¦N¯P¨/©�¬�¨3¥\¦�¨(£�¤�¨�½7¨°¬�¶�ªu¬�«U¥�®g©�¨�§@Å¥�®Yªu¬º¯P¨°¬Mªu¶�«U¥u¾u®�²´£�µg¯P¨�²¹®Y©�ª\«E½�¥�¬�²³¦�ª\®á£�ªÊ®�¥�£�²¹Äu¨J©�ªP¯P¨u¿»t¬�¨3¯P²³© £º¥�§�»¹ÅuÇ/£�¤�²³¦-¤�¥u¦-»¹¨/¥u¯�£�ª�£�¤�¨N¯P¨3Äu¨3»´ª\½�«E¨°®@£�ª�¶_¼ ÔSÕ ×·½}سÙ�½×kØ��EÑEκÏQ��ã7سèâѰܺÕã�¤�¥�£(£�¬�¥u®�¦�»¹¥�£�¨Â\¥aÄa¥U§@Å@£�¨3©�ªP¯P¨/¦Ã£�ªU®�¥R£�²¹Äu¨©�ªP¯P¨tª\®P¼1£�¤�¨�¼=ý�Åu¿�ÀN»¹²³©�¨]©°ªuµ�»³¯�«U¥�É\¨�µg¦�¨tªu¶�¦�µ�©º¤&£�¬�¥u®�¦�»¹¥�£�ª\¬�¦

£�ª�©�¬�¨3¥R£�¨&®�¥R£�²´Ä\¨©�ªP¯P¨�Ä\¨°¬º¦�²¹ªu®g¦Hªu¶]¤�¨°¬�¥u½�½�»¹²³©°¥�£�²¹ªu®E¶�ª\¬�¥�»¹»½7ªu½�µ�»³¥u¬N¥�¬º©º¤�²´£�¨3©�£�µ�¬�¨3¦°¿tÍ�¤�¨3®m¯PªR·Ã®�»¹ª\¥\¯P²¹®�¾�£�¤�¨�¥u½�½�»¹²³©°¥�¼£�²¹ª\®_Ç\£�¤�¨�µ�¦�¨3¬'­ ¦?¦�²´£�¨N·�ªuµ�»¹¯M¤g¥aÄu¨Ã£�ª�²³¯P¨3®\£�²´¶�Å£�¤�¨�¥u¬�©º¤�²´£�¨3© ¼£�µ�¬�¨Q¹aªu½7¨°¬º¥R£�²¹®�¾m¦�ÅP¦�£�¨3«w©�ªu«+§�²¹®�¥�£�²¹ªu®G²´£�²³¦¬�µ�®�®�²¹®�¾�Ç?¥�®�¯£�¤�¨©°ªu¬�¬�¨/¦�½7ªu®�¯�²´®�¾Ä\¨°¬º¦�²¹ª\®G·�ªuµ�»¹¯á§7¨�£�¬º¥�®�¦�«E²´£�£�¨/¯$å¯��²¹¾�¼µ�¬�¨Nú@ç ¿¿¾(®�»´Å�¤�¥aÄS²¹®�¾�¥u©°©°¨3¦�¦-£�ª£�¤�¨N®g¥R£�²¹Ä\¨r©°ªP¯P¨N·Ã²¹»¹»�«U¥�É\¨¬�ªu§²­ ¦�£�¥\¦�Éd«Eªu¬�¨�¯P²´ÞU©�µ�»â£3Ç�¥�»´£�¤�ª\µ�¾u¤�®�ª�£N²¹«E½7ª\¦�¦�²¹§�»¹¨u¿

ßr¤�¨°¬�¨Û²³¦�¥È¶�µ�¬�£�¤�¨3¬©°ªu«E½�»¹²³©°¥�£�²¹ªu®^·Ã²â£�¤$£�¬º¥�®g¦�«E²´£�£�²¹®�¾®�¥�£�²¹Äu¨�©°ªP¯P¨�¿ßr¤�¨�½�¬�ª\§�»¹¨°« ²³¦N£�¤�¥R£�À µ�®�»¹²´É\¨�Â\¥aÄa¥U§@Å@£�¨�¼©�ªP¯P¨/¦'·Ã¤�²³©º¤¥u¬�¨?¦�µ�§�Á¸¨/© £�¨3¯�£�ªMÒ�ä�×5ѺκÏ3Ð\Ñ�¶aÑ°Ü Ø �HκÖu×kØkÏ�Ù(§7¨�¶�ª\¬�¨¨�ÁP¨/©�µP£�²´ª\®YÀ ®�¥R£�²¹Äu¨(©°ªP¯P¨3¦�©°¥u®�®�ª�£r§7¨(¬�µ�®d·Ã²´£�¤�©�ª\«E½�»¹¨�£�¨¦�¨3©�µ�¬�²´£¸Å±ª\®Y£�¤�¨üµ�¦�¨°¬�­ ¦E«U¥\©º¤�²¹®�¨�¿Ú¢5¶ÀN»¹²³©�¨­²³¦�¥á£�¬�µ�¦�£�¨3¯«E¨°«+§7¨°¬ª�¶£�¤�¨Ê©�ªu«E«+µ�®�²´£¸ÅuÇN£�¤�¨áµ�¦�¨°¬J«U¥aÅ$¥u©3©�¨3½P£¤�¨°¬¥u¦�¦�µ�¬�¥u®�©�¨/¦£�¤�¥R£M£�¤�¨­¥�½�½�»¹²³©°¥�£�²¹ªu®Ê¯PªS¨/¦M®�ª�£U¯Pªá¥�®SÅ@£�¤�²¹®�¾¤�¥u¬�«M¶�µ�»H¥R£�£�¤�¨Uµ�¦�¨°¬�­ ¦¨°®g¯;¿Ûß%ªÛ«U¥�Éu¨U¦�µ�¬�¨M£�¤�¥�£�®�ªÛªu®�¨£�¬�²¹¨3¦N£�ªJ©�ªu®@£º¥�«E²¹®�¥R£�¨&£�¤�¨M¥�½�½�»¹²¹©3¥R£�²´ª\®_ÇgÀ�»´²³©°¨·Hª\µ�»³¯J¤�¥aÄu¨£�ª­¯P²¹¾\²â£º¥�»¹»¹Åd¦�²´¾\®m£�¤�¨E©�ªP¯P¨3¦�¥\¦(£�¤�¨3ÅÛ¥�¬�¨�§7¨°²¹®�¾�£�¬º¥�®g¦�«E²´£�¼£�¨/¯;Ç�£�ª�½�¬�ªRÄu¨�£�ª+£�¤�¨�µg¦�¨3¬H£�¤�¥R£r£�¤�¨©�ªP¯P¨�·�¥\¦H£�¤�¨&ªu¬�²¹¾u²¹®�¥u»ªu®�¨�·Ã¬�²´£�£�¨°®§@Åd¤�¨°¬3¿

ßr¤�¨�ì�®g¥�»-¥�½�½�¬�ª\¥\©º¤J·H¨+¥�¬�¨¾uª\²´®�¾M£�ª�©°ªu®�¦�²³¯P¨°¬(²³¦�κÏ3Ð\ÑÏuÒ1ÓºÔSհκÖ�×1ØkÏRÙ$å¯��²¹¾uµ�¬�¨U�\线Êßr¤�¨d§�¥\¦�²³©E²³¯P¨/¥­²³¦�¶�ª\¬+À�»´²³©°¨E£�ª¬�µ�®Ê¤�¨°¬+¥�½�½�»´²³©3¥R£�²¹ª\®m£�¤�¬�ª\µ�¾u¤Ê¥�®�Ï\ÒkÓºÔSհκÖ�×5ÏRܺÇ?¥m½�¬�ª\¾u¬º¥�«£�¤g¥R£+£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¦�£�¤�¨J¥�½�½�»¹²¹©3¥R£�²´ª\®Û²¹®@£�ªmª\®�¨U£�¤�¥R£+²³¦�¶�µ�®�©�¼£�²¹ª\®�¥�»¹»¹ÅN²³¯P¨°®@£�²¹©3¥�»u£�ªN£�¤�¨�ªu¬�²´¾\²¹®�¥�»R§�µ�£�·Ã¤�²³©º¤²³¦%«�µ�©º¤�«Eªu¬�¨¯P²´ÞU©�µ�»´£t¶�ª\¬Â¬Hª\§E£�ª�µ�®�¯P¨3¬�¦�£�¥u®�¯;¿]¢5£r²¹¦?ªuµ�¬�§7¨°»¹²¹¨�¶;£�¤�¥�£�ª\§P¼¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�²¹ªu®á²³¦�¥­ÄS²³¥�§�»´¨+£�¨3©º¤�®�²³Ì@µ�¨E¶�ª\¬�½�¬�ª�£�¨3©�£�²¹®�¾­¦�ªu¶³£¸·�¥u¬�¨£�¬º¥u¯�¨�¦�¨3©°¬�¨°£�¦°Ç@£�¤�¥R£Ã¤�¥\¦�Åu¨�£�£�ªM¬�¨3©°¨°²¹Äu¨Ã£�¤�¨�¥R£�£�¨°®@£�²´ª\®E£�¤g¥R£²´£N¯P¨3¦�¨°¬�Äu¨/¦�¿

��®�»¹²¹Éu¨­¦�¨3¬�Ä\¨°¬�¼5¦�²³¯P¨¨�ÁP¨3©°µP£�²¹ªu®'Çé°ªP¯P¨mªu§�¶�µ�¦�©3¥R£�²´ª\®$©°¥�®®�¨3Äu¨°¬r©�ª\«E½�»¹¨�£�¨°»¹Å�½�¬�ª�£�¨3©�£�¥�®¥�½�½�»´²³©3¥R£�²¹ª\®�¶�¬�ªu«Ý«U¥�»¹²³©�²¹ª\µ�¦¬�¨°Äu¨3¬�¦�¨�¨°®�¾\²´®�¨°¨°¬�²¹®�¾�¨°ø7ª\¬�£º¦�¿ ÷ ²´Ä\¨°®¨°®�ª\µ�¾u¤�£�²¹«E¨�¥�®g¯¯�¨�¼£�¨3¬�«E²¹®�¥�£�²¹ªu®'Ç�¬�ªu§m·Ã²¹»¹»�¥u»´·r¥aÅP¦Ã§7¨+¥u§�»¹¨�£�ª¯P²³¦�¦�¨3©�£�ÀN»¹²³©�¨�­ ¦¥�½�½�»¹²¹©3¥R£�²´ª\®�£�ª8¬�¨�£�¬�²¹¨3Äu¨Ê²´£�¦ü²¹«E½gª\¬�£º¥�®@£ü¥�»¹¾\ªu¬�²â£�¤�«U¦J¥�®�¯¯�¥�£�¥M¦¸£�¬�µg© £�µ�¬�¨/¦�¿?ß�ªE¥�²³¯E£�¤�²³¦r¨�ø;ªu¬�£°Ç�¬�ªu§«U¥aÅM£�¬�ÅE£�ªE¬�µ�®£�¤�¨�ªu§�¶�µ�¦�©3¥R£�¨3¯E©�ªP¯P¨N£�¤�¬�ªuµ�¾\¤U¥�®U¥uµP£�ª\«U¥R£�²³©�ÐuѺÏ\ÒkÓºÔSհκÖ�×5ÏRÜ£�¤g¥R£H¥�£�£�¨3«E½P£�¦]£�ª�µ�®�¯�ª&£�¤�¨Nª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�²¹®�¾�£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ªu®�¦°¿

ê�¨°®�©°¨�ÇP£�¤�¨(»¹¨3Äu¨°»7ª�¶�¦�¨/©�µ�¬�²´£¸Å�¶�¬�ªu«þ¬�¨°Ä\¨°¬º¦�¨N¨3®�¾u²¹®�¨3¨°¬�²¹®�¾£�¤g¥R£�¥u®üª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥R£�ªu¬¥\¯�¯�¦&£�ªm¥�®Ê¥�½�½�»´²³©3¥R£�²¹ª\®m¯P¨°½7¨°®�¯�¦ªu®åk¥@çr£�¤�¨�¦�ªu½�¤�²¹¦�£�²³©3¥R£�²¹ª\®dª�¶]£�¤�¨�£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²´ª\®�¦�¨°«E½�»¹ªRÅ\¨3¯§SÅU£�¤�¨ªu§�¶�µ�¦�©3¥R£�ªu¬3Ç%å�§gç�£�¤�¨�½7ªR·H¨3¬Nª�¶�£�¤�¨¥aÄR¥u²´»³¥u§�»¹¨�¯P¨°ª\§P¼¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�²¹ªu®Ê¥�»¹¾\ªu¬�²â£�¤�«U¦°Ç_¥u®�¯$åk©/ç�£�¤�¨d¥�«Eª\µ�®@£ª�¶Ã¬�¨/¦�ª\µ�¬º©�¨3¦å³£�²¹«E¨Û¥�®�¯$¦�½�¥\©�¨/çd¥aÄR¥�²¹»³¥�§�»¹¨U£�ªÈ£�¤�¨ü¯P¨3ªu§P¶�µg¦�©3¥R£�ª\¬°¿ ¢¸¯�¨�¼¥�»¹»¹Å�Ç�·H¨Û·Hª\µ�»³¯±»¹²¹Éu¨�£�ªÈ«E²¹«E²³©E£�¤�¨Û¦�²´£�µ�¥�£�²¹ªu®D²¹®Y©°µ�¬�¬�¨3®\£½�µ�§�»´²³©�¼=É\¨°Å(©°¬�ÅS½P£�ª\¦�ÅP¦¸£�¨°«U¦°Ç3·Ã¤�¨3¬�¨?£�¤�¨3¬�¨�²³¦%¥�¯�¬�¥u«U¥R£�²³©-¯P²´¶³¼¶�¨°¬�¨°®g©�¨E²¹®Û£�¤�¨U©�ª@¦¸£�ªu¶�¨3®�©�¬�ÅS½P£�²¹ªu®Då³ì�®g¯P²¹®�¾­»³¥�¬�¾u¨�½�¬�²¹«E¨3¦²³¦�¨3¥u¦�Å�ç?¥u®�¯¯P¨3©°¬�ÅS½P£�²´ª\®Û島k¥\© £�ªu¬�²´®�¾�»³¥�¬�¾u¨�®@µ�«�§7¨°¬º¦�²¹¦�¯P²´¶³¼ìg©°µ�»´£ºçº¿¿Ã�¥R£�¨3¬tªu®E²¹®M£�¤�¨N½�¥u½g¨3¬?·�¨N·Ã²¹»´»�¦�¨°¨N£�¤�¥�£?£�¤�¨°¬�¨�¥�¬�¨�Dz¹®¶k¥\© £°Ç@ªu§P¶�µg¦�©3¥R£�²¹®�¾�£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ªu®�¦;£�¤�¥R£t©3¥�®�§7¨N¥�½�½�»¹²´¨/¯²¹®�½7ªu»¹ÅS®�ª\«E²¹¥u»�£�²´«E¨&§�µ�£N·Ã¤�²³©º¤�¬�¨3Ì@µ�²¹¬�¨(¨°ÁS½7ªu®�¨°®@£�²³¥�»7£�²´«E¨£�ªU¯�¨°ªu§�¶�µ�¦�©3¥R£�¨�¿

Page 4: masters.donntu.orgmasters.donntu.org/2008/fvti/protivenskiy/library/articles/taxonomy.pdf · !"$#%& ' #' "( )+*-,/.1032/.54768)+9;:1:=@,/A)+:547,3BDCE*-9;FG

å1¥\ç

3 5'2)?)(41F .-8�%�9?6-7'Z ?49)13 .)I4?

F ?)%4G4?)%

ÄeÅ Æ ÇPÈ O'?'*ME�.-(+*)? ÉjÊ�ËD�J4?49-8414?)%

3 .R/�E+2)5�?

O'?V8'?'*-1

å�§gç

3 5'2)?)(41F .-8�%�9?6-7'Z ?49)13 .)I4?

F ?)%4G4?)%

ÄeÅ Æ ÇPÈ

:'?49�.R/�E+2)5�?

ÉjÊ�Ë

�%'?�&I&)(4I�841�14?)%3 .)I4?

$%'?�&'*M8�%'?I3 .)I4?D�J4?49-8414?)%

6-7'Z ?49)13 .)I4?

D�J4?49-8414?)%

F .-8�%�9?

�%'?�&I&)(4I�841�14?)%3 .)I4?

3 .R/�E+2)5�?

O'?V8'?'*-1

O'?'*ME�.-(+*)?

cedgf+h�iPk�Í�mÏβiPx�wPkv)wPdgx�y�����|`r0}�Ð�k)iP�0k-iRÑ·tRds��kÂr�y^�N|��º}qβr4iRwPd�r'p²Ð�k)iP�0k)iRѯtRds�jk�k-Òjk)vhjwPdgx+y��

Ó Ô�Õ ¦×Ö�¦\��õ §;ñ ò_Ør �Ù\ ^Ú\ �Û�^Ø�ôS��¡� @� òS���²¹¾\µ�¬�¨���ª\µP£�»¹²¹®�¨/¦'£�¤�¨Ã¯P¨3¦�²¹¾u®ªu¶�£�¤�¨NÂ\¥aÄR¥Nªu§�¶�µ�¦�©3¥R£�²´ª\®�£�ªSª\»�Ï�+�Q�JåM�rÏRÙ3ÓºÔSհѺÐNÜPÖQ¶RÖ�Ý3ç֊�²³©º¤J²³¦N©�µ�¬�¬�¨°®@£�»¹ÅUµ�®g¯P¨°¬&¯P¨°Ä\¨°»´¼ªu½�«E¨3®\£3¿�¢}®�½�µP£&£�ª�£�¤�¨�£�ª@ª\»-²¹¦(¥Â\¥aÄR¥d¥u½�½�»¹²³©°¥R£�²¹ªu®_Ç�¾\²¹Äu¨°®¥u¦Ã¥E¦�¨�£Ãª�¶tÂu¥aÄR¥+©�»³¥u¦�¦Hì�»¹¨3¦°¿tßr¤�¨�µ�¦�¨°¬N¥�»³¦�ª�¦�¨°»¹¨3©�£�¦�£�¤�¨�¬�¨°¼Ì\µ�²´¬�¨3¯d»¹¨°Äu¨3»gªu¶�ª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥R£�²¹ªu®üå�£�¤�¨(ã�Ï�×5Ñ�Ù;Î�ä°çr¥u®�¯d£�¤�¨�«U¥�ÁS²´¼«�µ�«Ý¨°ÁS¨/©�µP£�²¹ªu®E£�²´«E¨Q¹R¦�½�¥u©°¨Ã½g¨3®�¥�»´£¸Å+£�¤g¥R£�£�¤�¨�ªu§P¶�µg¦�©3¥R£�ª\¬²¹¦M¥u»´»¹ªR·�¨3¯ü£�ªá¥u¯�¯Ê£�ªü£�¤�¨J¥u½�½�»¹²³©°¥�£�²¹ªu®$å³£�¤�¨ÈκÏaÕ�×´ç ¿Þ�q�+�0�¬�¨/¥u¯�¦�¥u®�¯G½�¥�¬º¦�¨/¦�£�¤�¨U©°»³¥u¦�¦�ìg»´¨/¦�¥�»¹ªu®�¾�·Ã²´£�¤Ê¥u®@ÅÛ»´²¹§�¬º¥�¬�Åì�»¹¨3¦M¬�¨�¶�¨°¬�¨°®g©�¨3¯D¯P²¹¬�¨3© £�»¹Åʪu¬E²¹®�¯P²¹¬�¨3© £�»¹Å�¿$À ©�ªu«E½�»´¨°£�¨²¹®P¼¤�¨°¬�²´£�¥�®g©�¨�£�¬�¨°¨�²³¦Ã©�ª\®�¦�£�¬�µ�© £�¨3¯;Çg¥\¦Ã·�¨°»¹»'¥u¦Ã¥E¦�ÅS«�§7ªu»;£º¥�§�»¹¨¾u²¹ÄS²´®�¾H£¸ÅS½7¨H²¹®P¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®�¶�ªu¬�¥�»¹»\¦�ÅS«�§7ªu»³¦°Ç/¥�®g¯©�ª\®\£�¬�ª\»�ý�ªR·¾u¬º¥�½�¤�¦�¶�ª\¬N¥�»¹»;«E¨�£�¤�ªP¯�¦�¿

�q�+�0�©�ª\®\£º¥�²¹®�¦&¥J»³¥�¬�¾u¨�½gªSªu»?ª�¶Ã©�ªP¯P¨M£�¬º¥�®g¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®�¦·Ã¤�²³©º¤�·Ã²¹»¹»@§7¨Ã¯P¨3¦�©�¬�²¹§g¨/¯»³¥R£�¨°¬-²¹®£�¤�²³¦-½�¥�½7¨°¬3¿"¬�¨°¶�ªu¬�¨?£�¤�¨3¦�¨©°¥�®E§7¨�¥u½�½�»¹²¹¨3¯;Çu¤�ªR·H¨3Äu¨°¬3Çu¥�½�¬�¨°½�¬�ªP©�¨/¦�¦�²¹®�¾�½�¥u¦�¦]«+µ�¦¸£?©°ªu»´¼»´¨/© £�Äa¥u¬�²¹ª\µ�¦�£¸ÅS½g¨/¦Hªu¶'²¹®P¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²´ª\®�¥u§gª\µP£?£�¤�¨�¥u½�½�»¹²³©°¥�£�²¹ªu®_¿ÆSªu«E¨&ÉS²¹®�¯�¦rª�¶-²¹®P¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ªu®U©°¥u®J§g¨�¾@¥R£�¤�¨°¬�¨3¯�µ�¦�²¹®�¾E¦�£�¥u®P¼¯�¥�¬º¯�©°ªu«E½�²¹»¹¨°¬'£�¨3©º¤�®�²³Ì\µ�¨3¦-¦�µg©º¤+¥\¦-²´®@£�¨°¬�¼=½�¬�ªP©�¨/¯Pµ�¬º¥�»\¯�¥R£�¥�¼ý�ªR·G¥u®�¥�»¹ÅP¦�²¹¦;¥u®�¯&¯�¥R£º¥N¯P¨°½7¨°®g¯P¨°®�©°¨?¥�®g¥�»¹ÅP¦�²³¦°Ç°¦�ª\«E¨-©3¥�®�§7¨½�¬�ªRÄS²³¯P¨/¯M§@Å+£�¤�¨(µg¦�¨3¬°ÇP¥�®�¯d¦�ª\«E¨�¥�¬�¨�¾@¥R£�¤�¨°¬�¨3¯Mµ�¦�²¹®�¾�¦�½g¨°¼ßRà�á-â)á0ã�ä�á�å0æ�ç�è�é�ä�ê·ë0æ�à�áMâá�è�é'éê�ì�í�î ï�ð[ñÂò�ðMó�ô'õ+öPó�îs÷Mø'ù�ú[ã�û ü�á

ý æPè�æPä�éþ+û�áÿ�ã�ü·ÿ û �ë�ê¯ÿ ��û þ�ê·é��'û ý áê·û þ��0ã_å0è¯û þ���éçºê·ë0æ�ü�é��0ê¯ëQá ý û � ý �

©�²³¥u»´²¹à3¨3¯á£�¨3©º¤�®�²³Ì@µ�¨/¦�¿���Ü�Ö°î��MÖu×kØkÎGÖRÙ;ÖRèéäaÕ Ø¹ÕºÇN¶�ªu¬E¨°Á�¥�«E½�»¹¨�Ç¥�®g¥�»¹ÅP¦�¨/¦�£�¤�¨J¥u½�½�»¹²³©°¥�£�²¹ªu®G£�ªá¦�¨°¨J·Ã¤�¥R£E¦�ªu¬�£+ªu¶�»³¥�®�¾\µ�¥�¾\¨©�ª\®�¦�£�¬�µ�© £º¦Ã¥�®�¯�½�¬�ªu¾u¬º¥�«E«E²¹®�¾�²³¯P²¹ª\«U¦t²´£N©�ªu®@£º¥�²¹®�¦°¿

ßr¤�¨E²´®�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ª\®¾@¥R£�¤�¨°¬�¨3¯G¯Pµ�¬�²¹®�¾d£�¤�¨E½�¬�¨°½�¬�ªP©�¨/¦�¦�²¹®�¾½�¥\¦�¦]²³¦]µg¦�¨/¯M£�ª�¦�¨°»¹¨/© £?¥�®g¯E¥�½�½�»¹Å�¥u½�½�¬�ªu½�¬�²³¥R£�¨r©°ªP¯P¨Ã£�¬º¥�®g¦¸¼¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ªu®�¦°¿�À�»´»;£¸ÅS½7¨3¦rªu¶�»³¥�®�¾\µ�¥�¾\¨(©°ªu®�¦�£�¬�µ�© £º¦�²´®�£�¤�¨&¥u½P¼½�»¹²³©°¥�£�²¹ªu®U©3¥�®§g¨&£�¤�¨�¦�µ�§ºÁ¸¨3© £Nªu¶�ª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥R£�²¹ªu®²®]©�»³¥u¦�¦�¨3¦�©°¥�®§7¨(¦�½�»¹²â£]ª\¬?«E¨°¬�¾u¨/¯;Çu«E¨°£�¤�ªP¯�¦t©3¥�®E§7¨(©º¤�¥u®�¾u¨/¯+ªu¬?©°¬�¨/¥R£�¨/¯;Ç®�¨3· ©°ªu®@£�¬�ªu»´¼¥�®�¯Y¯�¥�£�¥Ê¦�£�¬�µ�© £�µ�¬�¨3¦U©3¥�®Y§g¨m©°¬�¨/¥R£�¨3¯Y¥�®�¯ªu¬�²¹¾u²¹®�¥u»]ªu®�¨/¦�«EªP¯P²´ì�¨/¯;Ç]¨�£º©R¿ �N¨3· ©�ª\®�¦�£�¬�µ�© £º¦�¥\¯�¯P¨3¯È£�ª£�¤�¨¥u½�½�»¹²³©°¥R£�²¹ªu®Ê¥�¬�¨�¦�¨°»¹¨3©�£�¨/¯á£�ªü§g¨­¥u¦+¦�²´«E²¹»³¥�¬�¥\¦�½7ª\¦�¦�²´¼§�»¹¨�£�ªU£�¤�¨�ªu®�¨3¦N²¹®J£�¤�¨�¦�ªuµ�¬º©�¨¥u½�½�»¹²³©°¥�£�²¹ªu®_Ç�§g¥u¦�¨3¯Jªu®J£�¤�¨½�¬º¥�¾\«U¥R£�²³©Ã²¹®P¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®M¾@¥R£�¤�¨°¬�¨3¯d¯�µ�¬�²¹®�¾�£�¤�¨�½�¬�¨3½�¬�ªS©°¨3¦�¦¸¼²¹®�¾+½�¥u¦�¦�¿

ßr¤�¨(£�¬�¥u®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ª\®E½�¬�ªP©°¨3¦�¦?²³¦�¬�¨3½g¨/¥R£�¨3¯�µ�®@£�²¹»7£�¤�¨�¬�¨�¼Ì@µ�²¹¬�¨/¯�½7ª�£�¨°®�©°Å�¤g¥u¦]§7¨°¨3®U¥u©º¤�²¹¨°Ä\¨3¯�ªu¬]£�¤�¨N«U¥�ÁS²¹«+µ�«Ú©�ª@¦¸£¤�¥\¦?§7¨°¨3®d¨�Á�©°¨°¨3¯�¨3¯;¿tßr¤�¨�ªuµP£�½�µP£rª�¶'£�¤�¨(£�ªSªu»;²³¦?¥�®�¨°·�¥u½P¼½�»¹²³©°¥�£�²¹ªu®��M¶�µ�®�©�£�²¹ªu®�¥u»¹»´Å+¨3Ì@µ�²¹ÄR¥�»¹¨3®\£?£�ª+£�¤�¨&ª\¬�²¹¾u²¹®�¥u»�ªu®�¨��®�ª\¬�«U¥u»´»¹Å¾\²¹Äu¨°®U¥\¦H¥�¦�¨°£Hªu¶�Âu¥aÄR¥©°»³¥u¦�¦]ì�»¹¨3¦°¿]ßr¤�¨�£�ªSªu»7·Ã²´»¹»¥�»³¦�ª(§7¨N¥�§�»´¨H£�ª�½�¬�ªP¯Pµ�©°¨NÂu¥aÄR¥�¦�ª\µ�¬�©°¨�ì�»¹¨3¦-¥�®�®�ª�£�¥�£�¨/¯�·Ã²´£�¤²¹®P¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ªu®�¥�§7ªuµP£]·Ã¤�²³©º¤�£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²´ª\®�¦_¤�¥aÄ\¨H§7¨°¨3®+¥u½P¼½�»¹²¹¨3¯;Ç�¥u®�¯J¤�ªR·8£�¤�¨�ªu§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�¨/¯­©�ªP¯P¨�¬�¨°»³¥R£�¨3¦�£�ªM£�¤�¨ª\¬�²¹¾�¼²¹®�¥�»�¦�ª\µ�¬º©�¨�¿ ßr¤�¨G¥�®�®�ª�£�¥�£�¨/¯$¦�ª\µ�¬�©°¨­·Ã²¹»´»�§g¨üµ�¦�¨°¶�µ�»(¶�ªu¬¯P¨3§�µ�¾u¾\²¹®�¾�¿

ú

Page 5: masters.donntu.orgmasters.donntu.org/2008/fvti/protivenskiy/library/articles/taxonomy.pdf · !"$#%& ' #' "( )+*-,/.1032/.54768)+9;:1:=@,/A)+:547,3BDCE*-9;FG

D(�9-%4<E414?I6-7'Z ?49)1 3 .)I4?3 5'2)?)(41

F .-8�%�9?

6-7'Z ?49)13 .)I4?

D�J4?49-8414?)%É^Ê�Ë

:'?49-%4<E41

:'?49�.R/�E+2)5�?D(�9-%4<E41

F .-8�%�9?6-7'Z ?49)13 .)I4?

F ?)%4G4?)%

D(�9-%4<E414?I6-7'Z ?49)1 3 .)I4?ÄeÅ Æ ÇPÈ

3 .R/�E+2)5�?

cedgf�hjiPk���mÏβiPx�wPkv-wPdsx�y��Q����yjv)iR���jwPdgx+y��

F ?)%4G4?)%

F .-8�%�9?

K'&1�2-G4?�J�� �3 .)I4?K'&1�2-G4? F E'&)%�93 .)I4?

F 2->('?I�K'&1�2-G4?3 .)I4?

F 2->('?IJ�� � 3 .)I4?

O'?V8'?'*-1J�� � 3 .)I4?

3 5'2)?)(41

F .-8�%�9?

D�J4?49-8414?)%

F 2->('?I�K'&1�2-G4?3 .)I4?�'?)%+2-,�<U1B'&13 .)I4?U2�*Y,%�.R/1%�8+*-14?I�B�.4*-1

:'?49�.R/�E+2)5�?Ä�Å Æ ÇPÈ É^Ê�Ë

3 .R/�E+2)5�?

F 2->(

cedgf+h�iPk���mÏÎ�iPx'wPkv)wPdgx+yXwP��iPx+hjf+��Ð�dsf�y^k�����r4wPds�+k�nqx��jk+�

3 5'2)?)(41

D�J4?49-8414?)%

F .-8�%�9?6-7'Z ?49)13 .)I4?

F ?)%4G4?)%

ÄeÅ Æ ÇPÈ:'?49�.R/�E+2)5�?

É^Ê�Ë6-7 ,8+*9&14?I6-7'Z ?49)1 3 .)I4?

6-7 ,8+*9&14?I6-7'Z ?49)1 3 .)I4?6-7'Z ?49)13 .)I4?

F .-8�%�9?

3 .R/�E+2)5�?

6-7 ,8+*9&14?

:'?4. 7 ,8+*9&14?

cedgf+hjiPk��QmqβiPx�wPk)v)wPdgx+yXwP��iPx+h^f�� ���j{�h^tRv�r4wPdgx+y��

Page 6: masters.donntu.orgmasters.donntu.org/2008/fvti/protivenskiy/library/articles/taxonomy.pdf · !"$#%& ' #' "( )+*-,/.1032/.54768)+9;:1:=@,/A)+:547,3BDCE*-9;FG

LM(�B'?)%+2-14&)(�9?!+2)?)%'&)%�9-B4< LM: K'&P/0? " 2M(4I $�<E'?#%$&# /0?1B�.)I('*)+'-,.'# / ß021 95�&'*�*F <M/ 7 .5�$4& 7 5�? @ 3 .-(+*-14&)(41NC'.�.5+A

:'&14&43'54.-Sa ('&�5<�*�2�*C%'&>M/0&1�29a ('&�5<�*�2�*a ('&�5<�*�2�*:'&14&Y:'?)E'?)(4I4?)(�9?

/ ß /65 / 1F .-8�%�9?�&)E�E'5'29&1�2.-(@87 &G4&U95�&'*�*X,�2)5�?'*'A F 14&)(4I4&)%4IU;+2 7 %'&)%4<@87 &G4&U95�&'*�*X,�2)5�?'*'A

9 ß 9 5 9:1

/<;5/<;ß /<;1 /<;=$4&)%4>4?1U&)E�E'5'29&1�2.-(

a E�E'5<?>�@�A

@87 &G4&U95�&'*�*Y,�2)5�?'*'AB =BC1B 5B ß

@ a (�(�.)14&14?I 7 &G4&U*.-8�%�9?�,�2)5�?'*'A$4&)%4>4?1N&)E�E'5'29&1�2.-(

54.-S B+2->BE�.)14?)(�9)<54.-S B+2->B/0&JU9�.4*-1

W�E4I4&14?�I4&14&*-1%�8�9)18�%'?'*DA

W+*)?)%2M(414?)%�H&49)1�2.-(

C%�.�H,�2)5'2M(4>I4&14&

$%'&)(+*-,'.-%-/0&1�2.-(C'.�.5> ß > 5

> 1

3 .-(41%�.5 3'54.-SE %'&)E�B+* @ 3 3 E *'A

F ?�5�?49)1?>�@�A

cedgf�hjiPkGF�mIH�iPvM�^d�wPkv-wPhjiPk¿x�{KJ6L MNL��QwP�jk-OQr��+rÂx+��{�hjtRv�r'wPx'i��<P"�jk ��r'dgy�dsyj�^h�wÏwPxÂwP�^k�wPxQx�p�dstqrÂtRk)w"x'{QO0r4��r�vpsr�tRtqu^psk)t"r�y^��wP�^k¿x+��{�hjtRv�r'wPdgx+ypgk�+kp�iPk��Qh^d�iPk��o����wP�^kÂhjtRk)i��RP"�^k�hjtRk)i���r��x+��wPdgx+y_r'pgpg�Y�jiPx4��d���kÂu_pgkt�x�{TSVU8WYX[Z \^]�_4`�a�bca+��r�t�f�ky^k-iMr'wPk��Y�Q�2OQr��+r ��iPx�u_pgdgy^f wPxQx�pgt�dP"�jdgtdgy�{�x�iP��r4wPdgx+y v�r'y ��kYhjtRk���wPx f�h^ds�jkYwP�jkYx+��{�hjtRv�r'wPx'i�wPxN��r�~0kotRhjiPkYwP�_r4w�{�iPk��QhjkyQwPpg��k)Ò�kv)hjwPk��=�_r4iRwPt�x'{�wP�^kYr��^�jpgdsvr'wPdgx+y¢r4iPk�y^x�wx��j{�h^tRv�r4wPk��Y�Q���0k)iR��k)Ò���ky^tRdg�0k wRiMr�y^t[{�x�iP��r4wPdsx�y^t�

e f ¨  @� ��õ Ø�ª@õ ñ^§ Û�^Ø�ôS��¡� @� õ ñ_§�Ô �}  ñ �Ø}òS�hgU @� õéò ñ �¢}®M£�¤�¨N¬�¨°«U¥u²¹®�¯P¨°¬-ªu¶g£�¤�²³¦]½�¥�½7¨°¬?·H¨N·Ã²¹»¹»P¯P¨3¦�©�¬�²¹§g¨uÇ\©�»³¥\¦�¦�²´¶�Å�Ç¥�®�¯G¨°ÄR¥u»´µg¥R£�¨+ÄR¥�¬�²¹ªuµ�¦(ªu§P¶�µg¦�©3¥R£�²¹®�¾�£�¬º¥�®g¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®�¦°¿Íᨦ¸£º¥�¬�£r§SÅE¶�ª\¬�«U¥u»¹²´à3²¹®�¾�£�¤�¨&®�ªu£�²¹ªu®�ª�¶�¥u®áÏ\ÒkÓºÔSհκÖ�×1سÙ@î�×1Ü�ÖRÙ�Õ½Ó�ÏRÜ��EÖ�×1ØkÏRÙº®i2jlknmcoKmcp:mrqKotsvuxw�y:k%z[{C|Q}VpTmco[~���6}Ko[{�k%qI�I��}VpTmrqIo��Ã'¨�£�� ��:� �+�%§g¨�¥E£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²´ª\®Uª�¶]¥U¦�ªuµ�¬º©�¨&½�¬�ªu¾\¬�¥u«� ²¹®@£�ªM¥�£�¥�¬�¾u¨°£Ã½�¬�ª\¾u¬º¥�«��+�k¿� ��Q� �+�_²³¦Ã¥u®áÏ\ÒkÓºÔSհκÖ�×1سÙ@î×1Ü�ÖRÙ�Õ³Ó�Ï�Ü��MÖu×kØkÏ�Ù�Ç7²â¶�� ¥u®�¯

�+�-¤�¥aÄu¨�£�¤�¨E¦�¥�«E¨JÏuÒ�Õ�Ñ°Ü�¶RÖuÒ°èâÑJÒ�Ñ��Ö�¶3ØkÏ�ܺ¿��­ªu¬�¨+½�¬�¨/©�²³¦�¨°»¹Å�Dz´®Gªu¬º¯P¨3¬(¶�ª\¬�� ��:� � � £�ª­§7¨U¥»¹¨°¾\¥u»�ª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�²¹®�¾�£�¬º¥�®�¦�¼¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ª\®E£�¤�¨&¶�ª\»¹»´ªR·Ã²¹®�¾�©�ªu®g¯P²´£�²¹ªu®�¦H«+µ�¦¸£r¤�ª\»¹¯²®� ¢5¶-� ¶k¥u²´»³¦H£�ªM£�¨°¬�«E²¹®�¥R£�¨(ª\¬r£�¨°¬�«E²¹®�¥R£�¨3¦�·Ã²´£�¤J¥�®J¨°¬�¬�ªu¬

©�ª\®�¯P²´£�²¹ªu®'Ç@£�¤�¨°®��+�_«U¥aÅEª\¬r«U¥aÅE®�ª�£Ã£�¨°¬�«E²´®g¥R£�¨u¿� ¾�£�¤�¨3¬�·Ã²³¦�¨�Ç��+�+«�µ�¦�£G£�¨°¬�«E²¹®�¥R£�¨±¥�®g¯ ½�¬�ªP¯Pµ�©°¨±£�¤�¨

¦�¥u«E¨(ª\µP£�½�µP£(¥u¦G�+¿�

¾(§�¦�¨3¬�ÄR¥u§�»¹¨�§7¨°¤�¥aÄS²¹ªu¬(²¹¦�¯P¨°ì�®�¨3¯ü»¹ªSª\¦�¨°»¹Å�¥\¦�³ §g¨3¤�¥aÄS²¹ªu¬(¥\¦¨�ÁP½g¨3¬�²¹¨3®�©�¨/¯�§SÅ�£�¤�¨rµ�¦�¨°¬3¿�´­ßr¤�²³¦�«E¨/¥�®�¦%£�¤g¥R£-�+�@«U¥aÅ�¤g¥aÄu¨¦�²³¯P¨°¼=¨°ø7¨/© £�¦?åk¦�µ�©º¤¥u¦�©�¬�¨3¥R£�²¹®�¾�ì�»¹¨3¦°Ç/¦�¨°®�¯P²¹®�¾Ã«E¨/¦�¦�¥�¾\¨3¦;ªRÄ\¨°¬

£�¤�¨(¢}®@£�¨3¬�®�¨�£°ÇP¨°£�©3ç]£�¤�¥�£G�Ú¯�ª@¨/¦?®�ª�£°Ç�¥\¦?»¹ªu®�¾�¥u¦t£�¤�¨/¦�¨&¦�²³¯P¨¨�ø;¨3©�£�¦]¥u¬�¨�®�ª�£]¨°ÁS½7¨°¬�²¹¨°®�©°¨3¯�§SÅ&£�¤�¨Ãµ�¦�¨°¬3¿q�Nªu£�¨�£�¤g¥R£]·H¨r¯Pª®�ªu£�¬�¨3Ì@µ�²¹¬�¨��Ú¥�®�¯��+��£�ª�¨3Ì@µ�¥u»¹»´Å�¨�ÞU©�²¹¨3®\£3¿]¢}®E¶k¥u©�£°ÇP«U¥�®SŪ�¶-ªuµ�¬r£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²´ª\®�¦t·Ã²¹»¹»;¬�¨/¦�µ�»â£Ã²¹®��+�_§g¨3²¹®�¾E¦�»¹ªR·�¨°¬rªu¬µ�¦�²¹®�¾�«Eª\¬�¨�«E¨°«Eª\¬�Å+£�¤�¥�®��+¿

ßr¤�¨U«U¥�²¹®á¯P²¹Ä@²³¯P²¹®�¾»¹²¹®�¨E§g¨°£¸·H¨3¨°®È¯P²´ø;¨°¬�¨°®@£�©�»³¥\¦�¦�¨3¦&ªu¶ªu§�¶�µ�¦�©3¥R£�²´ª\®+£�¨3©º¤�®�²³Ì\µ�¨3¦]²³¦t¦�¤�ªR·Ã®M²¹®���²¹¾\µ�¬�¨��@åk©/线-ÍG¨�½�¬�²´¼«U¥�¬�²¹»¹Å�©°»¹¥\¦�¦�²´¶�Å�¥�®Mªu§P¶�µg¦�©3¥R£�²¹®�¾(£�¬º¥�®g¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®¥\©°©�ª\¬�¯�²´®�¾£�ªN£�¤�¨tÉS²¹®�¯�ª�¶;سÙ3Ó�Ï�Ü��MÖu×kØkÏ�Ù(²´£_£º¥�¬�¾u¨�£º¦�¿�ÆPªu«E¨t¦�²´«E½�»´¨�£�¬º¥�®g¦¸¼¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ªu®�¦&£º¥�¬�¾u¨°£�£�¤�¨�»¹¨�ÁP²³©°¥u»H¦�£�¬�µ�© £�µ�¬�¨üå³£�¤�¨áèâÖRäuÏ�Ô�×´ç�ªu¶£�¤�¨¥�½�½�»¹²³©°¥�£�²¹ªu®'Ç@¦�µ�©º¤¥\¦Ã¦�ª\µ�¬º©�¨�©�ªP¯P¨�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�£�²¹®�¾�Ç@®�¥u«E¨3¦ª�¶tÄR¥u¬�²³¥�§�»´¨/¦�ÇP¨°£�©R¿(¢}®­£�¤�²³¦�½�¥�½7¨°¬3Çg£�¤�¨�«Eª\¬�¨�¦�ªu½�¤�²¹¦�£�²³©3¥R£�¨/¯£�¬º¥�®g¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®�¦%£�¤g¥R£H·�¨�¥u¬�¨Ã²¹®@£�¨3¬�¨/¦¸£�¨3¯�£�¥u¬�¾\¨�£t¨°²´£�¤�¨°¬]£�¤�¨¯�¥�£�¥G¦¸£�¬�µ�©�£�µ�¬�¨3¦+µ�¦�¨3¯±§SÅÊ£�¤�¨­¥u½�½�»¹²³©°¥R£�²¹ªu®Gªu¬M²´£�¦�ý�ªR· ªu¶©�ª\®@£�¬�ªu»=¿

ÆP¨3©�ª\®�¯P»¹Å�Ç_·�¨+©°»³¥u¦�¦�²´¶�ÅJ¥U£�¬�¥u®�¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®­¥\©°©�ª\¬�¯�²´®�¾E£�ª£�¤�¨ÉS²¹®�¯^ª�¶�ª\½g¨3¬�¥�£�²¹ªu®±²â£E½7¨°¬�¶�ªu¬�«U¦�ª\®È£�¤�¨J£�¥u¬�¾\¨�£�¨/¯È²¹®P¼¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ªu®_¿MÀ�¦�©°¥u®ü§7¨U¦�¨°¨°®ü¶�¬�ªu« ��²¹¾uµ�¬�¨3¦X�@åk¯n�S¾@çºÇ%£�¤�¨3¬�¨¥�¬�¨¦�¨°Äu¨3¬�¥u»;£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ªu®�¦?£�¤�¥�£(«U¥u®�²¹½�µ�»³¥R£�¨�£�¤�¨�Ö°î/îuÜ�Ñ4½î@Ö�×1ØkÏRÙȪu¶�©°ªu®@£�¬�ªu»Ãª\¬d¯�¥�£�¥P¿ÚÆSµ�©º¤D£�¬º¥�®g¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®�¦�£¸ÅS½P¼²³©°¥u»´»¹Åá§�¬�¨3¥uɱµ�½$¥�§g¦¸£�¬�¥\© £�²¹ª\®�¦M©�¬�¨3¥R£�¨3¯D§SÅÈ£�¤�¨m½�¬�ªu¾\¬�¥u«M¼«E¨°¬3Ç_ªu¬�©�ª\®�¦�£�¬�µ�© £�®�¨°· §gª\¾uµ�¦&¥�§g¦¸£�¬�¥\© £�²¹ª\®�¦Ã§SÅ­§�µ�®�¯�»´²¹®�¾£�ª\¾u¨°£�¤�¨3¬Ãµ�®�¬�¨°»³¥R£�¨3¯d¯�¥R£�¥+ª\¬N©�ªu®@£�¬�ª\»1¿

Page 7: masters.donntu.orgmasters.donntu.org/2008/fvti/protivenskiy/library/articles/taxonomy.pdf · !"$#%& ' #' "( )+*-,/.1032/.54768)+9;:1:=@,/A)+:547,3BDCE*-9;FG

ÆS²¹«E²¹»³¥�¬�»´ÅuÇ%¦�ª\«E¨M£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ªu®�¦&¥Rø;¨3©�£�£�¤�¨áÏ�Ü�ÐuÑ°Ü Ø³Ù@îª�¶�¯�¥�£�¥mª\¬�©°ªu®@£�¬�ªu»=¿m¢}®±«U¥u®SÅü©°¥\¦�¨/¦�£�¤�¨�ª\¬�¯�¨°¬�²¹®Ê·Ã¤�²³©º¤£¸·HªÊ²´£�¨3«U¦E¥�¬�¨m¯P¨3©°»³¥�¬�¨3¯Èª\¬E£¸·�ªÈ©�ªu«E½�µP£�¥�£�²¹ªu®�¦M¥u¬�¨J½7¨°¬�¼¶�ªu¬�«E¨3¯J¤�¥\¦N®�ªU¨°ø7¨/© £&ªu®J£�¤�¨�ª\§�¦�¨3¬�ÄR¥u§�»¹¨�§7¨°¤g¥aÄ@²¹ª\¬Nª�¶]£�¤�¨½�¬�ª\¾u¬º¥�«J¿-ßr¤�¨°¬�¨(©3¥�®_ÇP¤�ªR·�¨°Ä\¨°¬3Ç@§7¨(«+µ�©º¤Uµg¦�¨°¶�µ�»_²¹®P¶�ªu¬�«U¥R¼£�²¹ªu®�¨°«+§g¨/¯�¯P¨3¯�²¹®U£�¤�¨©º¤�ª\¦�¨°®�ªu¬º¯P¨°¬3ÇS£�ª+£�¤�¨�½�¬�ª\¾u¬º¥�«E«E¨°¬·Ã¤�ª·Ã¬�ª�£�¨N£�¤�¨(½�¬�ª\¾u¬º¥�« ¥\¦t·�¨°»¹»�¥\¦-£�ª�¥¬�¨3Äu¨°¬º¦�¨Ã¨°®�¾\²´®�¨°¨°¬3¿ßr¤�¨(©°»´ª@¦�¨3¬]£¸·�ª²´£�¨°«U¦?ªu¬H¨°Äu¨3®@£�¦?¥u¬�¨�²´®U¦�½�¥\©�¨Nª\¬t£�²¹«E¨uÇ\£�¤�¨¤�²¹¾u¤�¨3¬�£�¤�¨r»¹²´É\¨°»¹²¹¤�ªSªP¯�£�¤�¥R£-£�¤�¨°Å�¥u¬�¨�¬�¨°»³¥R£�¨3¯�²¹®+ªu®�¨�·�¥aÅ�ª\¬¥�®�ªu£�¤�¨3¬°¿ ¾(¬º¯P¨3¬�²¹®�¾�£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ªu®�¦N£�¬�Åm£�ª­¨°ÁP½�»¹ªu¬�¨�£�¤�²³¦§@ÅG¬º¥�®�¯Pª\«E²¹à°²¹®�¾E£�¤�¨Uªu¬º¯P¨3¬�ª�¶N¯P¨3©°»³¥�¬º¥R£�²¹ª\®�¦�ª\¬�©�ª\«E½�µP£º¥R¼£�²¹ªu®�¦°¿

� ��Ú\ �¨öôP @� õ ñ_§ Û�^Ø�ôS��¡� @� õ ñ_§ Ô �}  ñ �Ø}ò@��gU @� õéò ñ �¬H¨°¶�ªu¬�¨N·�¨�©°¥u®U¥R£�£�¨°«E½P£?£�ª�¯P¨/¦�²¹¾\®M¥u®SÅ�ªu§�¶�µ�¦�©3¥R£�²´®�¾&£�¬º¥�®�¦�¼¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ª\®�¦�Ç7·H¨�®�¨°¨/¯­£�ª�§7¨+¥u§�»¹¨�£�ª¨°ÄR¥u»´µg¥R£�¨£�¤�¨MÌ@µ�¥�»¹²´£¸Åª�¶¦�µg©º¤Y¥G£�¬�¥u®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ª\®_¿$¢}®Y£�¤�²³¦E¦�¨3© £�²¹ªu®Y·H¨­·Ã²¹»¹»Ã¥R£�¼£�¨°«E½�£�£�ªü©�»³¥u¦�¦�²´¶�ÅJ£�¬�¥u®�¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®g¦�¥\©°©°ªu¬º¯P²¹®�¾d£�ªü¦�¨°Ä\¨°¬º¥�»©�¬�²â£�¨°¬�²³¥�®�¤�ªR·�«+µ�©º¤dª\§�¦�©°µ�¬�²â£¸Å+£�¤�¨°Å¥u¯�¯d£�ª+£�¤�¨�½�¬�ª\¾u¬º¥�«JǤ�ªR·Ú¯P²´ÞE©°µ�»´£N£�¤�¨°Å­¥�¬�¨&£�ª�§�¬�¨/¥�É�¶�ªu¬�¥U¯P¨°ª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�ªu¬3Ç7¥u®�¯¤�ªR·�«+µ�©º¤�©°ªu«E½�µP£º¥R£�²´ª\®�¥�»gªRÄu¨3¬�¤�¨/¥u¯+£�¤�¨°Åd¥\¯�¯d£�ª�£�¤�¨�ª\§P¼¶�µ�¦�©3¥R£�¨3¯J¥�½�½�»´²³©3¥R£�²¹ª\®_¿

�T� ï � ¦@ @�3ô��[¦\��ò_Ø ¥ òP�¦ ñ ¡�ªÍG¨H·Ã²´»¹»Rìg¬�¦�£�¯P¨°ì�®�¨H·Ã¤�¥R£%²´£�«E¨3¥�®g¦;¶�ªu¬�¥Ã½�¬�ªu¾u¬º¥�«��+��£�ª�§7¨«Eªu¬�¨�ÏuÒ�Õ�ΰÔPÜ�ÑHå�ª\¬HκÏQ��ã7èâÑx�Hªu¬?ÔPÙgÜ�ѺÖuÐ\ÖuÒ°èâÑ�ç'£�¤g¥�®¥Ã½�¬�ªu¾\¬�¥u«�+¿]À�®SÅ�¦�µ�©º¤M«E¨�£�¬�²³©?·Ã²¹»¹»=Ç�§SÅ�¯P¨°ì�®�²´£�²¹ªu®'Çu§g¨Ã¬º¥R£�¤�¨°¬?Äa¥u¾uµ�¨uǦ�²¹®�©°¨­²â£U«+µ�¦�£d§7¨m§�¥u¦�¨3¯ åk²´®$½g¥�¬�£ºçMª\®D¤Sµ�«U¥u®$©�ªu¾\®�²´£�²¹Äu¨¥�§�²¹»¹²´£�²¹¨3¦°¿

��ª\¬�£�µ�®�¥�£�¨°»¹ÅuÇ&·�¨È©°¥u®Ú¯P¬�¥a· µ�½7ªu®Ë£�¤�¨ÈÄR¥u¦�£m§gªP¯PÅ˪�¶·Hª\¬�É(²´®&£�¤�¨��_Ï¸Ó ×��?ÖRÜ�Ñ��tÏ��Nã;èâÑ��\Ø�×1ä��mÑ3×1Ü ØkÎ Õ_§�¬º¥�®�©º¤�ªu¶�ÆSª�¶³£�¼·�¥u¬�¨��t®�¾u²¹®�¨°¨3¬�²¹®�¾�¿D¢}®Y£�¤�²³¦+ì�¨°»³¯;Çr«E¨�£�¬�²³©3¦+¥u¬�¨­¯P¨/¦�²¹¾\®�¨3¯·Ã²â£�¤J£�¤�¨�²¹®\£�¨°®@£Ã£�ª�¥�²³¯�£�¤�¨+©�ªu®g¦¸£�¬�µ�©�£�²¹ªu®ª�¶]¬�¨3¥\¯�¥�§�»¹¨uÇ�¬�¨°¼»´²³¥u§�»¹¨�Ç�¥�®�¯J«U¥u²¹®\£º¥�²¹®�¥u§�»¹¨N¦�ªu¶³£¸·�¥u¬�¨u¿�ßr¤�¨�«E¨°£�¬�²¹©3¦Ã¥�¬�¨�¶�¬�¨°¼Ì\µ�¨°®@£�»¹ÅM§�¥u¦�¨3¯Mª\®d©�ª\µ�®@£�²¹®�¾ÄR¥u¬�²¹ªuµg¦-£�¨°Á@£�µ�¥�»;½�¬�ªu½7¨°¬�£�²¹¨/¦]ª�¶£�¤�¨�¦�ªuµ�¬�©°¨�©°ªS¯�¨N¥�®�¯+©�ª\«�§�²¹®�²¹®�¾�£�¤�¨/¦�¨Ã©°ªuµ�®@£�¦t²´®@£�ª�¥&«E¨/¥R¼¦�µ�¬�¨Jª�¶&©�ªu«E½�»´¨°ÁP²â£¸Åu¿ÈÍ�¤�²¹»¹¨¦�ªu«E¨ª�¶(£�¤�¨J¶�ª\¬�«+µ�»³¥u¦£�¤�¥�£¤�¥aÄu¨E§7¨°¨3®È½�¬�ªu½7ª\¦�¨3¯ü¤�¥aÄu¨E§7¨°¨3®±¯P¨°¬�²¹Äu¨/¯m¶�¬�ªu« ¨°«E½�²¹¬�²³©°¥�»¦¸£�µ�¯P²¹¨3¦�ª�¶�¬�¨/¥�»;½�¬�ªu¾\¬�¥u«U¦�Ç@ª�£�¤�¨°¬º¦H¤g¥aÄu¨�§7¨°¨3®J½�µ�¬�¨°»¹ÅE¦�½7¨3©�¼µ�»³¥R£�²¹Ä\¨�¿

ßr¤�¨¯P¨°£�¥u²´»¹¨/¯U©�ª\«E½�»¹¨�ÁP²´£¸Å�¶�ª\¬�«+µ�»³¥u¦t¶�ªuµ�®�¯²¹®U£�¤�¨�«E¨�£�¼¬�²³©°¦'­g»¹²´£�¨3¬�¥�£�µ�¬�¨�¥�¬�¨�ªu¶t»´²´£�£�»¹¨�²¹®\£�¨°¬�¨3¦�£N£�ª�µ�¦°Ç;§�µP£(£�¤�¨°Å­©3¥�®§g¨Uµg¦�¨/¯m£�ªm¯P¨°¬�²¹Äu¨+¾u¨°®�¨°¬º¥�»]¦¸£º¥R£�¨°«E¨°®@£º¦�¦�µ�©º¤á¥u¦'®N³º²´¶�½�¬�ªu¼¾u¬º¥�«U¦� ¥u®�¯��+�?¥u¬�¨M²³¯P¨°®@£�²¹©3¥�»-¨�Á�©°¨°½P£�£�¤�¥R£��+�H©�ªu®@£º¥�²¹®�¦«Eªu¬�¨Uª�¶N½�¬�ªu½7¨°¬�£¸Å¡ £�¤�¥u®¢�+Ç]£�¤�¨°®(�+�?²³¦�«Eªu¬�¨U©�ªu«E½�»´¨°Á£�¤�¥u®��+¿�´ ÷ ²¹Äu¨3®G¦�µ�©º¤á¥­¦¸£º¥R£�¨3«E¨°®@£°Ç�·H¨U©3¥�®á¥R£�£�¨°«E½P£�£�ª©�ªu®g¦¸£�¬�µ�©�£�¥£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ªu®m·Ã¤�²³©º¤Ê¥u¯�¯�¦�«Eªu¬�¨Mª�¶�£�¤�¨� /¼½�¬�ª\½g¨3¬�£¸Åá£�ªG¥ü½�¬�ªu¾\¬�¥u«JÇ�ÉS®�ªR·Ã²¹®�¾Û£�¤�¥�£�£�¤�²³¦�²³¦�»¹²´É\¨°»¹Åm£�ª²´®g©�¬�¨3¥u¦�¨�²â£º¦�ªu§�¦�©�µ�¬�²´£¸Å�¿

¢}®8ß�¥�§�»´¨ �Û·�¨Û½�¥u¬�¥u½�¤�¬º¥u¦�¨m¦�ª\«E¨mª�¶�£�¤�¨ü«Eª\¬�¨­½7ªu½�¼µ�»³¥�¬�©°ªu«E½�»¹¨°ÁS²´£¸ÅÈ«E¨/¥u¦�µ�¬�¨3¦°¿ Í�¤�¨°®8µ�¦�¨3¯$²¹®�¥^¦�ªu¶³£¸·�¥u¬�¨©�ªu®g¦¸£�¬�µ�©�£�²¹ªu®E½�¬�ª�Á¸¨3© £H£�¤�¨�¾uª@¥�»g²¹¦t£�ªN��سÙgØ���ؤ£/Ñ?£�¤�¨3¦�¨(«E¨/¥R¼

¦�µ�¬�¨/¦�¿�¢}®�©�ª\®@£�¬º¥u¦�£°Ça·Ã¤�¨°®ª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�²¹®�¾�¥�½�¬�ª\¾u¬º¥�«8·H¨t·r¥�®@££�ª��EÖN�\Ø��+ؤ£/Ñ�£�¤�¨�«E¨/¥u¦�µ�¬�¨3¦°¿

ßr¤�¨á©°ªu«E½�»¹¨°ÁS²´£¸ÅD«E¨�£�¬�²³©°¦�¥�»¹»¹ªR·�µ�¦£�ªD¶�ªu¬�«U¥�»¹²¹à°¨J£�¤�¨©�ª\®�©�¨3½P£Mª�¶Nã�Ï�×5Ñ°Ù7ΰäd·Ã¤�²³©º¤±·Ã²¹»¹»?§7¨Jµ�¦�¨3¯^²´®±£�¤�¨J¬�¨°«U¥u²´®�¼¯P¨3¬�ªu¶Ã£�¤�²³¦+¥�¬�£�²³©�»¹¨E¥u¦+¥m«E¨/¥u¦�µ�¬�¨Eªu¶Ã£�¤�¨µ�¦�¨�¶�µ�»¹®�¨/¦�¦�ª�¶�¥£�¬º¥�®g¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®_¿�¢}®P¶�ªu¬�«U¥�»¹»¹Å�Ç_¥�£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²´ª\®­²³¦Nã�Ï�×5Ñ°Ùgײ´¶g²´£t¯PªS¨3¦]¥�¾uªSªP¯�Á¸ªu§E©�ª\®P¶�µ�¦�²´®�¾�¬�ªu§'Çu§SŤ�²³¯P²¹®�¾(£�¤�¨r²¹®@£�¨°®@£ª�¶]ÀN»¹²³©�¨�­ ¦�ª\¬�²¹¾u²¹®�¥u»g©°ªS¯�¨�¿?¢}®Jª�£�¤�¨°¬Ã·�ªu¬º¯�¦°ÇP£�¤�¨�½7ª�£�¨°®�©°Ådªu¶¥&£�¬�¥u®�¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®�«E¨3¥\¦�µ�¬�¨3¦t¤�ªR·Y«�µ�©º¤M«Eª\¬�¨N¯P²´ÞU©�µ�»â£]£�¤�¨ªu§�¶�µ�¦�©3¥R£�¨3¯±©°ªP¯P¨�²³¦�£�ªüµ�®�¯P¨3¬�¦�£�¥u®�¯�å�¶�ªu¬E¥m¤Sµ�«U¥u®gç�£�¤�¥�®£�¤�¨ª\¬�²¹¾\²´®g¥�»t©�ªP¯P¨u¿^ßr¤�²³¦�²¹¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥�»¹²¹à°¨/¯G²´®È£�¤�¨¶�ªu»¹»¹ªR·Ã²¹®�¾¯P¨°ì�®�²´£�²¹ªu®�®i�j¥k%mcoImcpTmrqIo�¦§uh��6}Io[{NknqK�I��}VpTmrqIo©¨qIpTj¥o[|lª-�NÃ'¨°£¬«§7¨ ¥ë§g¨3¤�¥aÄS²´ª\¬�¼}©�ª\®�¦�¨°¬�Ä@²¹®�¾ £�¬�¥u®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ª\®_Çm¦�µ�©º¤ £�¤g¥R£� ��T� �+�H£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¦�¥G¦�ª\µ�¬º©�¨d½�¬�ª\¾u¬º¥�«­� ²¹®\£�ªü¥Û£�¥u¬�¼¾u¨°£�½�¬�ª\¾u¬º¥�«®� � ¿�Ã'¨°£¯dår�ç�§g¨+£�¤�¨+©°ªu«E½�»¹¨�ÁP²´£¸ÅUªu¶*�+Ç'¥u¦¯P¨°ì�®�¨3¯§SÅUª\®�¨�ª�¶�£�¤�¨�«E¨°£�¬�²¹©3¦�°(²¹®�ß�¥�§�»¹¨Y��¿«%±�²�³°år�ç Ç@£�¤�¨Ãã�Ï�×5Ñ°Ù7ΰäê�¶K«Ú·Ã²´£�¤E¬�¨3¦�½7¨3© £?£�ª�¥½�¬�ª\¾u¬º¥�«

�+Ç�²³¦&¥«E¨3¥\¦�µ�¬�¨�ªu¶H£�¤�¨M¨�ÁS£�¨3®@£�£�ªJ·Ã¤�²³©º¤´« ©º¤�¥u®�¾u¨/¦�£�¤�¨©�ª\«E½�»¹¨�ÁP²´£¸Å�ªu¶��+¿]¢5£N²³¦Ã¯P¨°ì�®�¨3¯J¥\¦

«%±�²h³�år�ç�µN¶¸·¹ ¯dår� � ç�º»¯Uår�ç � �»¼« ²³¦t¥�ã�Ï�×5Ñ�Ù7×]ÏuÒ1ÓºÔSÕ�κÖu×kسÙSîM×kÜ�Ö�Ù�Õ�Ó�ÏRÜ��EÖ�×1ØkÏRÙ�²´¶T«%±�²�³°år�çd½ £P¿���ª\¬-£�¤�¨Ã½�µ�¬�½7ª\¦�¨3¦�ªu¶g£�¤�²³¦�½g¥�½7¨°¬3Ç\·�¨�·Ã²¹»¹»@«E¨3¥u¦�µ�¬�¨H½7ª�£�¨°®�©°Åªu®J¥+£�¤�¬�¨3¨�¼5½gª\²´®@£Ã¦�©3¥�»¹¨�ÇI¾�èâÏ��-Ç��EѺÐRسÔ���Çe�SØöî0�»¿ ¿

ßr¤�¨?ªu§g¦�¨3¬�ÄR¥R£�²¹ªu®�¦;²¹®ß�¥�§�»¹¨��t«U¥uÉu¨]²´£%½7ª\¦�¦�²¹§�»¹¨-¶�ª\¬%µ�¦%£�ª»¹²³¦¸£?¦�ªu«E¨Ã¯P¨/¦�²¹¬º¥�§�»¹¨r½�¬�ªu½7¨°¬�£�²¹¨3¦-ªu¶%¥&£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ªu®�«U¿-¢}®ªu¬º¯P¨3¬N¶�ªu¬�«þ£�ªd§7¨�¥Mã�Ï�×5Ñ°Ùg×�ªu§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�²¹®�¾M£�¬�¥u®�¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®'Dz´£N¦�¤�ª\µ�»³¯� ²¹®�©°¬�¨/¥u¦�¨­ªRÄu¨°¬º¥�»¹»Ã½�¬�ªu¾\¬�¥u« ¦�²¹à°¨Èå&À Ý çU¥u®�¯$²¹®@£�¬�ªP¯Pµ�©�¨

®�¨3·Ë©°»³¥u¦�¦�¨/¦H¥u®�¯«E¨�£�¤�ªS¯�¦�årÀ6ÁÂ/ç ¿� ²¹®@£�¬�ªP¯Pµ�©�¨Y®�¨3· ½�¬�¨/¯P²³©°¥R£�¨3¦Yå&À ° çá¥�®g¯ ²¹®�©°¬�¨/¥u¦�¨±£�¤�¨

®�¨/¦¸£�²¹®�¾M»´¨3Äu¨3»_ª�¶]©�ªu®g¯P²´£�²¹ªu®�¥u»7¥u®�¯»¹ª@ª\½�²¹®�¾�©°ªu®�¦�£�¬�µ�©�£�¦årÀIÃ/ç ¿

� ²¹®�©°¬�¨/¥u¦�¨]£�¤�¨�®Sµ�«+§g¨3¬%ª�¶g«E¨�£�¤�ªS¯�¥�¬�¾uµ�«E¨3®@£�¦tårÀIÄ/ç�¥�®�¯²¹®@£�¨3¬�¼}©�»³¥u¦�¦t²¹®�¦�£�¥u®�©�¨�ÄR¥�¬�²³¥�§�»¹¨(¯�¨°½7¨°®�¯P¨3®�©�²¹¨/¦�å&À µÂuç ¿

� ²¹®�©°¬�¨/¥u¦�¨N£�¤�¨�¤�¨°²¹¾u¤@£Ãª�¶�£�¤�¨�²¹®�¤�¨°¬�²â£º¥�®�©°¨�£�¬�¨3¨Eå&À6Å�Æ Ç 线� ²¹®�©°¬�¨/¥u¦�¨�»¹ªu®�¾u¼=¬º¥�®�¾u¨�ÄR¥u¬�²³¥�§�»´¨(¯P¨°½7¨°®�¯�¨°®�©°²´¨/¦�å&À6ÈR线

�T� ¤ � ¦\ @�3ô��R¦u��ò_ØÉq¦u��õs¨ õg¦ ñ ¡�¦À�£Mì�¬º¦¸£E¾u»³¥u®�©�¨�²â£M·�ªuµ�»³¯±¦�¨°¨3«�£�¤g¥R£E²¹®�©�¬�¨3¥\¦�²¹®�¾Ê« ±�²�³ år�ç·�ªuµ�»³¯�§g¨?£�¬�²¹Ä@²³¥u»1¿'ß�ªN²¹®�©�¬�¨3¥\¦�¨�£�¤�¨RÀ ° «E¨�£�¬�²³©RÇ3¶�ªu¬%¨°Á�¥�«E½�»¹¨�Ç¥�»¹»g·H¨N¤g¥aÄu¨Ã£�ª�¯Pª�²³¦t£�ª�¥\¯�¯U¦�ªu«E¨N¥�¬�§�²´£�¬º¥�¬�Ų´¶³¼}¦¸£º¥R£�¨3«E¨°®@£�¦£�ª �X®5ÌË æ�á�è�æ�å0æRÿ û ÍjæPè·áê�æRÿ �oâá ���QæÂá�ü"ê·é�Î�ë0û ý ë�Qá�è¯ê·û ý �0ÿ á�è ä�æRê·è·û ý ì�é�è

ý é�äRÍ+û þQáê¯û�éþÂéçQä�æRê·è·û ý ü[ú_ê·é[�0ü�æ�ü¯û þ ý æ�ê¯ëQæeæY��á ý ê ý ë0éû ý æeû�ü�þQéê ý è·û ê¯û ý áÿê·é�é��Qè�á��0ÿ û ý áê¯û�éþ �

Page 8: masters.donntu.orgmasters.donntu.org/2008/fvti/protivenskiy/library/articles/taxonomy.pdf · !"$#%& ' #' "( )+*-,/.1032/.54768)+9;:1:=@,/A)+:547,3BDCE*-9;FG

ϧj¥pT�6mr| Ï¡j¥pT�6mr|¡Ð2}K��j Ñ�mcpn}Vp:mrqKoÀ Ý »t¬�ªu¾u¬º¥�«!Ã%¨°®�¾u£�¤ ê(¥�»³¦¸£�¨3¥\¯Ûù �aû

¯Uår�ç�²¹®�©°¬�¨/¥u¦�¨3¦H·Ã²â£�¤d£�¤�¨�®Sµ�«+§g¨3¬�ªu¶�ª\½g¨3¬�¥�£�ª\¬�¦�¥�®�¯ª\½g¨3¬�¥u®�¯�¦�²¹®Ò�+¿À ° « ÅS©°»¹ªu«U¥R£�²³© « ªu«E½�»¹¨�ÁP²´£¸Å �m© « ¥�§7¨Eù ÿ�£aû

¯UårÓç�²¹®�©°¬�¨/¥u¦�¨3¦H·Ã²â£�¤d£�¤�¨�®Sµ�«+§g¨3¬�ªu¶�½�¬�¨/¯P²³©°¥R£�¨3¦�²¹®�Ó+¿À à �N¨3¦�£�²¹®�¾ « ªu«E½�»´¨°ÁP²â£¸Å ê(¥�¬�¬�²³¦�ªu®mù #Rû

¯UårÓç�²¹®�©°¬�¨/¥u¦�¨3¦H·Ã²â£�¤d£�¤�¨�®�¨/¦¸£�²´®�¾�»¹¨°Ä\¨°»_ªu¶�©�ª\®�¯P²´£�²¹ª\®�¥�»³¦t²¹®�Ó+¿À6È �(¥�£�¥Y��»´ªR· « ªu«E½�»¹¨�ÁP²´£¸Å ¾(ÄS²¹¨3¯Pªù ÿ��aû

¯UårÓç�²¹®�©°¬�¨/¥u¦�¨3¦H·Ã²â£�¤d£�¤�¨�®Sµ�«+§g¨3¬�ªu¶�²¹®@£�¨3¬�¼5§�¥\¦�²³©Ã§�»¹ªP©ºÉEÄR¥�¬�²³¥�§�»¹¨�¬�¨�¶�¨3¬�¨3®�©�¨/¦�²´®�Ó+¿ÀIÄ ��¥�®�¼=²¹®�¹RªuµP£ « ªu«E½�»¹¨�ÁP²´£¸Å ê�¨°®�¬�ÅÛù���£aû

¯UårÓçH²¹®�©�¬�¨3¥\¦�¨/¦?·Ã²´£�¤d£�¤�¨&®@µ�«�§7¨°¬rª�¶�¶�ªu¬�«U¥�»7½�¥�¬º¥�«E¨°£�¨3¬�¦?£�ª�Ó+Ç�¥�®g¯d·Ã²´£�¤d£�¤�¨�®Sµ�«+§7¨°¬rª�¶�¾u»¹ªu§�¥u»¯�¥R£º¥+¦�£�¬�µ�©�£�µ�¬�¨3¦r¬�¨3¥\¯Uªu¬Ãµ�½7¯�¥�£�¨/¯�§SÅ?Ó+¿

ÀIÔ �(¥�£�¥EÆ@£�¬�µ�©�£�µ�¬�¨ « ªu«E½�»¹¨�ÁP²´£¸Å �­µ�®�¦�ª\®Gù ÿ���û¯Uår�ç'²´®g©�¬�¨3¥u¦�¨3¦;·Ã²´£�¤&£�¤�¨r©�ª\«E½�»¹¨�ÁP²´£¸Åê�¶P£�¤�¨H¦�£�¥R£�²³©]¯�¥R£º¥�¦�£�¬�µ�© £�µ�¬�¨/¦%¯P¨/©�»³¥�¬�¨3¯(²¹®��+¿-ßr¤�¨H©�ª\«E½�»¹¨�ÁS¼²â£¸Åª�¶?¥�¦�©3¥�»³¥�¬�Äa¥u¬�²³¥u§�»¹¨�²³¦(©�ªu®g¦¸£º¥�®@£°¿�ßr¤�¨�©°ªu«E½�»¹¨°ÁS²´£¸ÅUªu¶?¥�®G¥�¬�¬�¥aÅ�²´®g©�¬�¨3¥u¦�¨3¦r·Ã²´£�¤­£�¤�¨+®Sµ�«+§g¨3¬ª�¶�¯P²¹«E¨°®g¦�²¹ªu®g¦�¥�®�¯Ê·Ã²´£�¤Ê£�¤�¨J©�ª\«E½�»¹¨�ÁP²´£¸Åmª�¶Ã£�¤�¨¨°»¹¨°«E¨3®\£�£¸Å@½7¨�¿Êßr¤�¨J©�ª\«E½�»¹¨�ÁP²´£¸Åmª�¶�¥Û¬�¨/©�ªu¬º¯²´®g©�¬�¨3¥u¦�¨3¦H·Ã²´£�¤�£�¤�¨�®Sµ�«+§7¨°¬Ã¥�®�¯J©°ªu«E½�»¹¨�ÁP²´£¸Å+ª�¶�²´£º¦�ì�¨°»³¯�¦°¿

À  ¾�¾ �­¨�£�¬�²³© « ¤�²³¯�¥u«�§7¨°¬&ù �aû¯Uå�Õ�ç(²¹®�©�¬�¨3¥\¦�¨/¦Ã·Ã²´£�¤Då&À Á çN£�¤�¨+®Sµ�«+§7¨°¬�ª�¶t«E¨�£�¤�ªP¯�¦�²¹®ÖÕ�Ç?å&À Å ç�£�¤�¨+¯�¨°½P£�¤Då1¯P²³¦¸£º¥�®�©°¨¶�¬�ªu« £�¤�¨¬�ªSª�£ ç_ªu¶:Õ$²¹®�£�¤�¨r²´®�¤�¨°¬�²´£�¥�®g©�¨]£�¬�¨3¨�Ç�å&À Ç ç%£�¤�¨r®Sµ�«+§g¨3¬%ª�¶;¯P²¹¬�¨/© £-¦�µ�§;©�»³¥\¦�¦�¨3¦%ª�¶:Õ�ÇgårÀ µÂ ç'£�¤�¨r®Sµ�«+§g¨3¬ª�¶;ª�£�¤�¨°¬H©°»³¥u¦�¦�¨/¦%£�ª·Ã¤�²³©º¤ Õ8²¹¦?©�ªuµ�½�»¹¨3¯6×3Ç7årÀ ¶Â/ç�£�¤�¨N®Sµ�«+§g¨3¬tª�¶_«E¨°£�¤�ªP¯�¦-£�¤�¥R£�©°¥�®M§7¨�¨°ÁS¨/©�µP£�¨3¯+²¹®¬�¨/¦�½7ªu®�¦�¨(£�ªE¥�«E¨/¦�¦�¥�¾\¨(¦�¨°®@£r£�ªE¥�®ªu§ºÁ¸¨3© £rª�¶�Õ�Ç�å&À ·  ç?£�¤�¨�¯P¨3¾u¬�¨°¨(£�ªM·Ã¤�²³©º¤ÒÕo­ ¦Ã«E¨°£�¤�ªP¯�¦r¯PªM®�ªu£¬�¨°¶�¨°¬�¨°®�©°¨(£�¤�¨�¦�¥�«E¨&¦�¨°£�ª�¶-²¹®�¦�£�¥�®g©�¨&ÄR¥�¬�²¹¥u§�»¹¨3¦°¿¿�Nª�£�¨�®RÀ ·Â«E¨3¥u¦�µ�¬�¨3¦�κÏ���Ñ Õ ØkÏRÙ�°7²=¿ ¨�¿?¤�ªR·Ë¦�£�¬�ªu®�¾\»¹Å¬�¨3»¹¥�£�¨/¯E£�¤�¨�¨°»¹¨°«E¨3®\£º¦?ªu¶-¥+«EªP¯Pµ�»¹¨&¥�¬�¨�¿

ØY٠βé ý ÿ�á�ü·ü�æPüqá�è·æ ý é���0ÿ�æPå û ç�éþQæ��Qü·æPü�ê¯ëQæ¿ä�æRê·ë0é�å0ü�é�è�û þQü·ê·áþ ý æ�âá�è¯û�á�Í0ÿ�æPü"éç�ê¯ëQæ¿éê·ë0æMè �P�r��^pgk�l+m<���0k-iP��dgkxÚ¢x'{�tRx+��k���x��^hjp�r4i�tRx�{�w�Ú�r4iPk�vx����^pgk)Ò�d�w�����k�r'tRhjiPkt�[Û�|cÜ�}qdgt�wP�^k�vx����^pgk)Ò�d�w���x�{²r�tRx�{�w8Ú�r4iPk�v)x+����x+yjkyQw-ÜN�[Ý dgtr�{�h^yjv)wPdgx+yYx'i���k)wP�^x��º�%Þ r�v)p�r'tRt��r'y_��ß r���iPx+f'iMr��Y�

à:álâäã*åCæ¢çè Ý¥éè ° éê

ëìàTálâCã*åCæ(çè Ýléâ»í®å�înï%ïVðlæ è Ý¥éè ° éâ»í®åäñ»ònðQæ è ° éê

�N®P¶�ª\¬�£�µ�®�¥R£�¨°»¹Å�Ç]¦�µ�©º¤á£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ªu®�¦�¥�¬�¨EÄS²´¬�£�µg¥�»¹»¹Åµg¦�¨°¼»´¨/¦�¦°Ç?¦�²´®g©�¨U£�¤�¨°ÅÈ©3¥�®^¨3¥u¦�²¹»¹ÅÛ§7¨µ�®�¯Pªu®�¨�§SÅȦ�²´«E½�»´¨U¥uµP£�ªu¼«U¥R£�²³©r£�¨3©º¤�®�²¹Ì@µ�¨/¦�¿]¢5£r²³¦t£�¤�¨°¬�¨�¶�ª\¬�¨(®�¨3©°¨3¦�¦�¥u¬�Å�£�ª+²¹®\£�¬�ªP¯Pµg©�¨£�¤�¨Û©°ªu®�©°¨°½P£�ª�¶MÜ�Ñ Õ Ø³èéØkÑ°Ù7κÑ�Ç�·Ã¤�²³©º¤Y«E¨3¥\¦�µ�¬�¨3¦+¤�ªR· ·�¨°»¹»N¥£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²´ª\®Y¤�ªu»³¯�¦µ�½Ëµ�®�¯P¨3¬m¥R£�£�¥u©ºÉY¶�¬�ªu« ¥u®Ë¥uµP£�ªu¼«U¥R£�²³©�¯P¨3ªu§P¶�µg¦�©3¥R£�ª\¬°¿Ãßr¤�¨�¬�¨/¦�²¹»¹²¹¨°®�©°¨�ª�¶?¥E£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²´ª\®«ë©3¥�®J§7¨¦�¨3¨°®J¥u¦�£�¤�¨©�ªu«+§�²¹®�¥�£�²¹ªu®Eªu¶%£¸·�ª+«E¨/¥u¦�µ�¬�¨3¦'®óô�õ:öQô�÷lø§ø§ùnô�ú�ûRõQô�ü»ý�£�¤�¨�¥u«Eªuµ�®@£?ªu¶%£�²¹«E¨(¬�¨/Ì\µ�²´¬�¨3¯+£�ª

©�ª\®�¦¸£�¬�µg© £U¥�®D¥�µP£�ªu«U¥R£�²³©d¯P¨3ªu§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�ª\¬�£�¤�¥R£E²³¦M¥�§�»¹¨£�ªE¨°ø7¨/© £�²¹Ä\¨°»¹ÅM¬�¨/¯Pµ�©�¨�£�¤�¨�½gªu£�¨3®�©�Å�ª�¶�«MÇg¥�®g¯

þ�ù%õQÿ�������� ÷VüCõQô�ú�ûRõQôäüDý�£�¤�¨m¨�ÁP¨/©�µP£�²´ª\®È£�²´«E¨J¥�®g¯D¦�½�¥\©�¨¬�¨/Ì@µ�²¹¬�¨/¯�§SÅJ¦�µg©º¤m¥�®m¥�µ�£�ªu«U¥�£�²³©&¯P¨°ª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�ªu¬N£�ªU¨°¶³¼¶�¨3©�£�²¹Äu¨3»´ÅE¬�¨3¯�µ�©�¨�£�¤�¨�½gªu£�¨°®g©�Ådªu¶<«M¿

¢5£J²³¦�²¹«E½gª\¬�£º¥�®@£U£�ªY¯P²³¦�£�²¹®�¾uµ�²¹¦�¤Y§g¨°£¸·H¨3¨°®8¬�¨/¦�²¹»¹²¹¨°®�©°¨J¥u®�¯½gªu£�¨°®g©�Å�¿�À £�¬�¥u®�¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®á²³¦�ã�Ïu×=Ñ°Ùg×r²´¶�²â£M«U¥�®g¥�¾u¨/¦£�ª

©�ª\®P¶�µ�¦�¨�¥�¤Sµ�«U¥�®d¬�¨/¥u¯P¨3¬°ÇS§�µP£Ã²´£�²³¦(Ü�Ñ�պسèöØkÑ�Ù7×;²â¶�²â£r©�ª\®P¶�µ�¦�¨3¦¥�®J¥�µ�£�ªu«U¥�£�²³©�¯�¨°ªu§�¶�µ�¦�©3¥R£�ªu¬3¿

Íá¨�«E¨3¥u¦�µ�¬�¨Ã¬�¨/¦�²¹»¹²¹¨°®�©°¨Hª\®d¥¦�©°¥u»´¨N¶�¬�ª\« ×1Ü Ø�¶3ØkÖ�èu£�ªÏ�Ù7Ñ'½�?ÖRäaÇu¥\¦%¦�¤�ªR·Ã®�²¹®���²¹¾\µ�¬�¨ ��åk¥\ç ¿�¾(®�¨°¼=·r¥aÅN£�¬�¥u®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ª\®�¦¥�¬�¨N¦�½g¨/©�²³¥�»=Çu²¹®M£�¤�¨(¦�¨°®�¦�¨r£�¤�¥�£?£�¤�¨°ÅE©°¥u®E®�¨°Ä\¨°¬t§7¨�µ�®�¯Pªu®�¨�¿ßr¤�²³¦t²³¦?£¸ÅS½�²³©°¥�»¹»¹Å§7¨3©3¥�µ�¦�¨N£�¤�¨°ÅJÜ�Ñ'�MÏ�¶aÑH²¹®P¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®�¶�¬�ª\«£�¤�¨m½�¬�ªu¾u¬º¥�«w£�¤�¥�£d·�¥\¦Mµ�¦�¨�¶�µ�»�£�ªÊ£�¤�¨m¤Sµ�«U¥�®D½�¬�ªu¾\¬�¥u«M¼«E¨°¬3ÇS§�µP£Ã·Ã¤�²³©º¤U²³¦?®�ª�£r®�¨3©°¨3¦�¦�¥u¬�ÅM²¹®Uªu¬º¯P¨3¬?£�ª�¨°ÁS¨/©�µP£�¨�£�¤�¨½�¬�ªu¾\¬�¥u« ©°ªu¬�¬�¨/© £�»´Åu¿ �]Á�¥�«E½�»´¨/¦²¹®�©°»´µg¯P¨d£�¬�¥u®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ª\®�¦£�¤g¥R£¬�¨°«EªRÄu¨¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�£�²¹®�¾�Ç'¦�©�¬º¥�«+§�»¹¨ÄR¥�¬�²¹¥u§�»¹¨®�¥u«E¨3¦°Ç'¨�£�©�¿¾�£�¤�¨°¬�£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²´ª\®�¦g£¸ÅS½�²³©°¥�»¹»¹ÅN¥u¯�¯�µ�¦�¨°»¹¨3¦�¦_²¹®P¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ªu®£�ª+£�¤�¨&½�¬�ª\¾u¬º¥�«ë£�¤g¥R£N¯PªS¨3¦r®�ªu£r©º¤g¥�®�¾\¨(²´£�¦�ª\§�¦�¨3¬�ÄR¥u§�»¹¨�§7¨�¼¤�¥aÄS²¹ªu¬3Ç_§�µP£·Ã¤�²³©º¤G²´®g©�¬�¨3¥u¦�¨3¦�£�¤�¨=³ ²¹®P¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²´ª\®­»¹ª\¥u¯�´Uªu®¥+¤Sµ�«U¥�®U¬�¨3¥\¯P¨°¬3¿]ßr¤�¨3¦�¨�£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²´ª\®�¦t©3¥�®d§7¨�µ�®�¯�ªu®�¨·Ã²´£�¤ÄR¥�¬�Å@²¹®�¾M¯P¨3¾u¬�¨°¨3¦�ªu¶�¯P²´ÞU©�µ�»´£¸Åu¿

��²¹¾uµ�¬�¨��då�§7ç?¦�¤�ªR·N¦?£�¤�¥�£r¯P¨3ªu§P¶�µg¦�©3¥R£�ª\¬?¨°ø7ª\¬�£�²¹¦�©�»³¥\¦�¦�²´¼ì�¨/¯U¥u¦?¨°²´£�¤�¨3¬]ã�ÏRèéäRÙ;ÏQ�+ØkÖRè'×1Ø��MÑ?ªu¬&Ñ���ã�ÏRÙ;Ñ�Ù7×kØkÖ�è7×1Ø��MÑ�¿¿»t¬�ª�¼¾u¬º¥�«E«E¨3¬?¨°ø7ª\¬�£3Ç�£�¤�¨�·Hª\¬�ÉE¬�¨3Ì@µ�²¹¬�¨3¯E£�ªU¥�µP£�ªu«U¥�£�¨�£�¤�¨¯�¨�¼ªu§�¶�µ�¦�©3¥R£�²´ª\®$ª�¶�¥È£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ªu®©«EÇ(²³¦d«E¨3¥u¦�µ�¬�¨3¯$¥\¦�¥¶�µ�®�©�£�²¹ªu®Yªu¶(£�¤�¨áÕ°Î�Ϻã�ÑUª�¶+«M¿8ßr¤�²³¦M²³¦M§�¥\¦�¨/¯^ª\®±£�¤�¨m²¹®P¼£�µ�²â£�²¹ªu®G£�¤�¥�£�²´£�²³¦¨/¥u¦�²¹¨°¬�£�ªÛ©�ª\®�¦¸£�¬�µg© £�©°ªuµ�®@£�¨3¬�¼5«E¨3¥\¦�µ�¬�¨/¦¥�¾@¥�²¹®�¦�£H¥�®ªu§�¶�µ�¦�©3¥R£�²´®�¾�£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ªu®+£�¤�¥�£Ãªu®�»¹ÅE¥Rø;¨3©�£�¦¥+¦�«U¥u»´»g½�¥�¬�£rª�¶�¥�½�¬�ªP©�¨3¯�µ�¬�¨uÇS£�¤�¥u®�¥�¾@¥�²¹®�¦�£Hª\®�¨�£�¤�¥R£r«U¥aÅ¥Rø;¨3©�£�¥�®¨°®@£�²¹¬�¨(½�¬�ª\¾u¬º¥�«J¿

Page 9: masters.donntu.orgmasters.donntu.org/2008/fvti/protivenskiy/library/articles/taxonomy.pdf · !"$#%& ' #' "( )+*-,/.1032/.54768)+9;:1:=@,/A)+:547,3BDCE*-9;FG

*-1%�.-(4>

S'?�&-T:'?4. 7 ,'H8+*9&1'.-%?,�,'.-%41

��� �� ��� ��� � �������

C%�.)>%'&P/�/0?)%?,�,'.-%41

C'.5<1�2[/0?D�JE1�2[/0?

E�%�.�9?'*�*LM(414?)%�H

E�%�.�9?I8�%'&�5LM(414?)%�H

;�.�9&�5

,8'5�5

E 54. 7 &�5.-('?4H-S'&<

� ��� ��� � �������� ���

@ &+A

1%+2-G�2)&�5

S'?�&-T

*-1%�.-(4>1%+2-G�2)&�5oS'?�&-T *-1%�.-(4> ,8'5�5

@ 7 A

,8'5�5,8'5�5

cedgf�hjiPk���mKP"�jk�iPktRdgpsdgkyjvk�x�{�r'yYx+��{�h^tRvr'wPdgy^f wRiMr'y^t[{�x'iP��r'wPdgx+y��ßr¤�¨U¦�©�ª\½g¨Mª�¶Ã¥�£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ªu®­²³¦&¯P¨�ì�®�¨3¯Gµ�¦�²´®�¾d£�¨°¬�¼

«E²´®�ªu»¹ªu¾\ŧ7ªu¬�¬�ªR·H¨/¯­¶�¬�ªu« ©°ªP¯P¨Eªu½P£�²¹«E²´à/¥R£�²´ª\®­£�¤�¨°ªu¬�Å�®2«²¹¦H¥UèâÏ/κÖRèu£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²´ª\®�²´¶'²´£H¥Rø;¨3©�£�¦�¥�¦�²¹®�¾u»¹¨r§�¥u¦�²³©r§�»¹ªP©ºÉª�¶N¥­©�ª\®\£�¬�ª\»]ý�ªR·ë¾u¬º¥�½�¤Yå « � ÷ çºÇ-²´£²¹¦îuèâÏ\Ò�Ö�è%²´¶r²â£�¥�ø7¨/© £º¦¥�®M¨°®@£�²¹¬�¨ « � ÷ Çu²´£t²³¦rسÙg×5Ñ�Ü�½´ã;Ü�Ï/Î�ѺÐ�ÔPÜ�ÖRèa²´¶7²´£t¥Rø;¨3©�£�¦-£�¤�¨Ãý�ªR·ª�¶r²´®�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ª\®­§g¨°£¸·H¨3¨°®G½�¬�ªP©°¨3¯Pµ�¬�¨3¦°Ç%¥�®g¯ü²´£�²³¦&¥�®DسÙg×5Ñ�Ü�½ã7Ü�Ï/뼄 ͼͣ�¬�¥u®�¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®G²´¶N²´£M¥�ø7¨/© £�¦�£�¤�¨�²¹®@£�¨3¬�¥\© £�²´ª\®á§g¨°¼£¸·H¨3¨°®J²¹®�¯P¨°½7¨°®g¯P¨°®@£�»¹ÅE¨°ÁS¨/©�µP£�²¹®�¾�£�¤�¬�¨3¥u¯�¦rª�¶]©�ªu®@£�¬�ª\»1¿i2jlknmcoKmcp:mrqKo��§uÌ��6}Io<{�k%qI�I��}Vp:mrqKo��+jQ{Nm! mcjlo[|Qj6��Ã'¨�£« §g¨�¥­§g¨3¤�¥aÄS²¹ªu¬�¼5©°ªu®�¦�¨°¬�ÄS²´®�¾M£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²´ª\®_Ç%¦�µ�©º¤á£�¤�¥�£� ��:� �+�'£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¦Ã¥E¦�ªuµ�¬º©�¨�½�¬�ªu¾\¬�¥u« �ë²¹®\£�ªE¥M£�¥u¬�¾\¨�£½�¬�ª\¾u¬º¥�«�� � ¿*«#" ¶%$ å��çr²³¦?£�¤�¨UÜ�Ñ�Õ Ø³èéØkÑ°Ù7κÑêu¶<«Ý·Ã²´£�¤¬�¨/¦�½7¨3©�££�ªU¥+½�¬�ªu¾u¬º¥�«��+¿« " ¶%$ å��ç ¹ Ï�Ù7Ñ'½Y�?ÖRä+²â¶r²¹®P¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ªu®­²³¦&¬�¨3«EªRÄu¨/¯J¶�¬�ª\« �

¦�µ�©º¤ü£�¤g¥R£�� ©3¥�®�®�ª�£&§g¨E¬�¨3©°ªu®�¦�£�¬�µ�© £�¨3¯m¶�¬�ª\« �+��¿U¾�£�¤�¨°¬�¼·Ã²¹¦�¨�Ç«#& ¶%$ µN¶¸·¹('*)*+ â-,lâ ) ã/. ) år«10 )#2�3 í�4 + .ná65 267) í%í 267 5 8 «19 7:26;#7 á�ànà )67) íní 267 5

ç 8·Ã¤�¨°¬�¨ '*)<+ â-,lâ ) ã=. ) ²³¦-£�¤�¨N¶�µ�®�© £�²¹ªu®E¯P¨�ìg®�¨3¯M²¹®+£�¤�¨�«U¥R£�¬�²´Á²´® ��²¹¾uµ�¬�¨���åk§g线 �

�T� Ó � ¦@ @�3ô��[¦\��ò_Ø�=>j¦\¡\ôP�ºõöò ñ f?òP� �¢}® ��²¹¾uµ�¬�¨��\åk§gç·�¨�¦�¨°¨d£�¤�¥�£�½7ª�£�¨°®�©°Åá¥u®�¯Ê¬�¨3¦�²¹»´²¹¨3®�©�¨E¥�¬�¨£¸·Hªmªu¶Ã£�¤�¨�£�¤�¬�¨3¨d©�ª\«E½gª\®�¨°®@£�¦�¯P¨3¦�©�¬�²¹§�²¹®�¾£�¤�¨@?�Ô�Ö�èéØ�×1äUª�¶¥È£�¬�¥u®�¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®'¿ ßr¤�¨ü£�¤�²¹¬º¯�©�ª\«E½gª\®�¨°®@£°Ç(£�¤�¨$κÏaÕ�×�ª�¶¥J£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ªu®_Ç%²³¦&£�¤�¨d¨°ÁP¨3©�µ�£�²¹ªu®G£�²¹«E¨Q¹R¦�½�¥u©°¨�½7¨°®�¥u»´£¸Å·Ã¤�²³©º¤Û¥U£�¬�¥u®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ª\®�²¹®�©°µ�¬�¦�ªu®G¥�®Ûª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�¨3¯Û¥�½�½�»¹²´¼©°¥R£�²¹ªu®_¿tÍá¨�©°»¹¥\¦�¦�²´¶�ÅM£�¤�¨�©�ª\¦�£Nªu®­¥M¶�ª\µ�¬�¼=½7ªu²¹®@£r¦�©°¥u»¹¨4¾âÓºÜ�ÑºÑ ÇÎ)��Ñ�ÖºãgÇ]Î�ÏRÕ�×kèéäaÇ]ÐuѺÖRÜh¿ Çg·Ã¤�¨3¬�¨&¨/¥u©º¤d½7ªu²¹®@£Ã²³¦Ã¯P¨�ì�®�¨3¯§g¨3»¹ªR· ®i2jlknmcoKmcp:mrqKoBA¢uÌ��6}Io<{�k%qI�I��}Vp:mrqKo Ñ�q[{Np<�NÃ%¨�£+« §7¨E¥§g¨3¤�¥aÄS²´ª\¬�¼}©�ª\®�¦�¨°¬�Ä@²¹®�¾m£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²´ª\®_ÇH¦�µ�©º¤D£�¤�¥�£�� ��T��+��£�¬�¥u®�¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¦_¥�¦�ª\µ�¬�©°¨]½�¬�ªu¾u¬º¥�«��D²´®@£�ªN¥r£�¥u¬�¾\¨�£%½�¬�ªu¾\¬�¥u«

�+�k¿ « Ç ² $ ³ år�çM²³¦+£�¤�¨­¨�ÁS£�¬º¥G¨�ÁP¨3©°µP£�²¹ªu®^£�²¹«E¨Q¹R¦�½�¥u©°¨dª�¶+�+�©�ª\«E½�¥�¬�¨3¯U£�ª��+¿

« Ç ² $ ³°å��ç µN¶¸·¹

CDDDDDDDDDDDDDE DDDDDDDDDDDDDF

ÐuѺÖ�ܲ´¶�¨°ÁS¨/©�µP£�²¹®�¾��+�'¬�¨/Ì\µ�²´¬�¨3¦&Ñx� ã�ÏQ½Ù7Ñ°Ùg×1ØkÖRè³èéä�«Eªu¬�¨Ã¬�¨/¦�ª\µ�¬�©°¨3¦�£�¤�¥�®�+¿

κÏaÕ�×1èéä²´¶ ¨°ÁP¨3©�µ�£�²¹®�¾ �+� ¬�¨/Ì\µ�²´¬�¨3¦G å H/I\çºÇ#Jv½ ��Ç7«Eªu¬�¨�¬�¨/¦�ª\µ�¬º©�¨3¦£�¤�¥u®��+¿

Î��ѺÖ�ã ²´¶-¨°ÁP¨3©�µ�£�²¹®�¾�� � ¬�¨3Ì@µ�²¹¬�¨3¦ G åKH%ç«Eªu¬�¨(¬�¨3¦�ªuµ�¬�©°¨3¦H£�¤�¥u®Ò�+¿

ÓºÜ�ÑºÑ ²´¶?¨�ÁP¨3©°µP£�²¹®�¾��+��¬�¨3Ì@µ�²¹¬�¨3¦ G åM�/ç«Eªu¬�¨(¬�¨3¦�ªuµ�¬�©°¨3¦H£�¤�¥u®Ò�+¿

�¢5£U¦�¤�ªuµ�»¹¯±§g¨J®�ªu£�¨/¯È£�¤�¥R£M£�¤�¨J¥\© £�µ�¥�»Ã©�ª@¦¸£E¥u¦�¦�ªS©°²³¥R£�¨/¯

·Ã²´£�¤Ê¥£�¬º¥�®g¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®Û¯�¨°½7¨°®�¯�¦�ªu®á£�¤�¨U¨°®SÄS²¹¬�ª\®�«E¨°®@£�²´®·Ã¤�²³©º¤Û²´£&²³¦(¥u½�½�»¹²¹¨3¯;¿���ªu¬&¨�Á�¥�«E½�»´¨uÇ;¥¦�²´«E½�»´¨�¥u¦�¦�²¹¾u®�«E¨°®@£¦�£�¥R£�¨°«E¨3®\£ML ánïVîON ²¹®�¦�¨°¬�£�¨/¯­¥R£N£�¤�¨£�ªu½�«Eª@¦¸£N»¹¨3Äu¨°»%ª�¶t¥E½�¬�ª�¼¾u¬º¥�«�·Ã²¹»¹»�ªu®�»¹Åá²¹®�©�µ�¬E¥á©�ª\®�¦�£�¥�®@£MªRÄu¨3¬�¤�¨/¥u¯;¿±ßr¤�¨J¦�¥�«E¨¦�£�¥R£�¨°«E¨3®\£H²´®g¦�¨3¬�£�¨3¯M²¹®�¦�²¹¯�¨N¥�®U²¹®�®�¨3¬?»¹ªSªu½M·Ã²¹»¹»�¤�¥aÄu¨(¥�¦�µ�§P¼¦�£�¥�®@£�²¹¥u»¹»´ÅÛ¤�²¹¾u¤�¨3¬�©�ª@¦¸£3¿ ��®�»¹¨3¦�¦®�ªu£�¨3¯Èª�£�¤�¨°¬�·Ã²¹¦�¨�Ç-·�¨�¥�»´¼·r¥aÅS¦H¾u²¹Ä\¨Ã£�¤�¨�©°ª\¦�£�ªu¶�¥£�¬�¥u®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ª\®M¥\¦?²´¶%²´£r¤�¥u¯d§g¨3¨°®¥�½�½�»¹²´¨/¯¥R£-£�¤�¨rªuµP£�¨°¬�«Eª\¦�£�®�¨/¦¸£�²´®�¾(»¹¨°Ä\¨°»Sª�¶g£�¤�¨Ã¦�ªuµ�¬º©�¨�½�¬�ª�¼¾u¬º¥�«J¿

�T� e � ¦\ @�3ô��R¦u��ò_ØQPô� _¨éõ �PªÍá¨(©°¥u®E®�ªR·Y¾u²¹Äu¨N¥�¶�ªu¬�«U¥�»�¯P¨°ì�®�²´£�²¹ª\®+ªu¶_£�¤�¨R?�Ô�Ö�èéØ�×1äê�¶%¥�®ªu§�¶�µ�¦�©3¥R£�²´®�¾�£�¬�¥u®�¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®�®i�j¥k%mcoImcpTmrqIo�S§uh��6}Io[{NknqK�I��}VpTmrqIoUT�zI}V mcp:ª-�«#W�X ÁZY år�çºÇ�£�¤�¨ Ì@µ�¥u»´²´£¸Å ªu¶ ¥ £�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ªu® «UÇ ²³¦¯P¨°ì�®�¨3¯Y¥\¦�£�¤�¨m©�ª\«�§�²´®g¥R£�²¹ª\®Êª�¶�£�¤�¨J½gªu£�¨3®�©�ÅuÇ�¬�¨3¦�²¹»´²¹¨3®�©�¨uÇ¥�®g¯©°ª\¦�£Ãª�¶<«�®

«#W�X ÁZY å��ç ¹ å�« ±�²h³ å��ç 8 «#" ¶%$ år�ç 8 « Ç ² $ ³ år�ç�ç�¼�

#

Page 10: masters.donntu.orgmasters.donntu.org/2008/fvti/protivenskiy/library/articles/taxonomy.pdf · !"$#%& ' #' "( )+*-,/.1032/.54768)+9;:1:=@,/A)+:547,3BDCE*-9;FG

�T� � [S QªRògôS� Ô �}  ñ �Ø}ò@��gU @� õéò ñ �¬H¨°¶�ªu¬�¨N·�¨N¨�ÁP½�»¹ªu¬�¨r®�ªRÄu¨3»P£�¬º¥�®g¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®�¦°Ç�·�¨N·Ã²¹»´»P§�¬�²¹¨�ýgÅ©�ªu®g¦�²³¯P¨3¬U£�¤�¨ü£�¬�²¹ÄS²³¥�»N»³¥aÅ\ªuµP£U£�¬�¥u®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ª\®�¦M·Ã¤�²³©º¤�¥�¬�¨£¸Å@½�²¹©3¥�»_ªu¶�©�µ�¬�¬�¨°®@£�Âu¥aÄR¥�ªu§P¶�µg¦�©3¥R£�ª\¬�¦r¦�µ�©º¤­¥u¦ « ¬�¨°«U¥ù ÿ�#aû=¿ßr¤�¨Uì�¬º¦�£�£�¬º¥�®g¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®G¬�¨3«EªRÄu¨/¦�£�¤�¨¦�ª\µ�¬�©°¨d©�ªP¯P¨d¶�ªu¬�¼«U¥R£�£�²¹®�¾�²¹®P¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®m¦�ªu«E¨°£�²¹«E¨3¦�¥aÄR¥�²¹»³¥�§�»¹¨�²¹®ÊÂu¥aÄR¥J©�»³¥u¦�¦ì�»¹¨3¦°¿�ßr¤�²³¦�²¹¦�¥�Ï�Ù7Ñ'½Y�?ÖRä?£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²´ª\®&§g¨/©°¥�µg¦�¨Hªu®�©°¨?£�¤�¨ªu¬�²´¾\²¹®�¥�»R¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�£�²´®�¾Ã²¹¦�¾uª\®�¨?²´£-©°¥�®�®�ª�£-§g¨�¬�¨3©�ªRÄ\¨°¬�¨3¯e°R²´£�²³¦�¥£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²´ª\®U·Ã²´£�¤GèâÏ��á½7ª�£�¨°®�©°Å�Çg§7¨3©3¥�µ�¦�¨�£�¤�¨3¬�¨�²³¦rÄ\¨°¬�Å»´²´£�£�»¹¨N¦�¨3«U¥�®@£�²³©Ã©°ªu®@£�¨3®\£H²´®U¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�£�²¹®�¾�Ç\¥u®�¯E®�ª�¾u¬�¨3¥�£H©�ª\®P¼¶�µ�¦�²¹ª\®d²³¦�²´®@£�¬�ªP¯Pµ�©°¨3¯d·Ã¤�¨°®�£�¤�¥�£Ã²´®�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ª\®E²¹¦H¬�¨°«EªRÄu¨/¯e°ì�®�¥�»¹»¹Å�Ç@£�¤�²¹¦H²³¦H¥�ÓºÜ�ѺÑ?£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ªu®M¦�²¹®�©°¨N£�¤�¨&¦�½�¥\©�¨(¥u®�¯£�²¹«E¨�©°ªu«E½�»¹¨°ÁS²´£¸Å+ª�¶�£�¤�¨¥u½�½�»¹²³©°¥�£�²¹ªu®E²³¦�®�ª�£�¥�ø7¨/© £�¨3¯;¿

ÆP©°¬�¥u«�§�»¹²¹®�¾m²³¯P¨3®@£�²´ì�¨°¬M®�¥u«E¨3¦+²³¦M¥�»³¦�ªá¥$ÏRÙ;Ñ4½Y�?Ö�äJ¥u®�¯ÓºÜ�ѺÑH£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²´ª\®_¿%êNªR·�¨°Ä\¨°¬3Ç\²´£r¤�¥u¦�¥«+µ�©º¤U¤�²¹¾\¤�¨°¬H½gªu¼£�¨°®g©�Å�£�¤�¥u®�¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�£�²´®�¾�¬�¨°«EªRÄR¥�»_¦�²´®g©�¨&²³¯P¨°®@£�²´ì�¨3¬�¦r©°ªu®@£�¥u²´®¥M¾u¬�¨3¥R£Ã¯P¨/¥�»_ª�¶-½�¬º¥�¾\«U¥R£�²³©Ã²¹®P¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®'¿

\ f?ò ñ ���}ò�¨ Ô �}  ñ �Ø5òS�hgd \� õéò ñ �¢}®�£�¤�²³¦Ã¥�®�¯d£�¤�¨�®�¨�ÁS£Ã¶�¨°· ¦�¨3© £�²¹ªu®�¦�·�¨�·Ã²¹»¹»;½�¬�¨3¦�¨°®@£N¥+©3¥R£�¼¥�»¹ªu¾\µ�¨Ãª�¶'ª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥R£�²¹®�¾�£�¬º¥�®g¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®�¦°¿�ÆSª\«E¨N¤�¥aÄu¨Ã§7¨°¨3®¯P¨°¬�²¹Äu¨3¯U¶�¬�ª\« ·�¨°»¹»´¼=ÉS®�ªR·Ã®E£�¬�¥u®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ª\®�¦]µ�¦�¨3¯²¹®�ªu£�¤�¨3¬¥�¬�¨3¥u¦_¦�µ�©º¤¥\¦_©�ªu«E½�²´»¹¨3¬gª\½P£�²¹«E²¹à3¥�£�²¹ªu®�¥u®�¯&¦�ªu¶³£¸·�¥u¬�¨-¬�¨°¨3®�¾u²´¼®�¨°¨3¬�²¹®�¾�Ç/ªu£�¤�¨3¬�¦%¤�¥aÄu¨t§7¨°¨3®�¯P¨3Äu¨°»¹ª\½g¨/¯�¶�ªu¬'£�¤�¨H¦�ªu»¹¨]½�µ�¬�½7ª\¦�¨ª�¶%ª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥R£�²¹ªu®E¥�®�¯d¥�¬�¨�½�¬�¨3¦�¨°®@£�¨/¯M¤�¨°¬�¨N¶�ª\¬?£�¤�¨Nìg¬�¦�£?£�²´«E¨u¿

¢}®ü£�¤�²³¦�¦�¨3© £�²¹ªu®m·�¨�·Ã²¹»¹»-¯P²³¦�©°µ�¦�¦(£�¬�¥u®�¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®g¦r£�¤�¥�£¥R£�£�¨°«E½P£H£�ªª\§�¦�©�µ�¬�¨Ã£�¤�¨(©�ª\®@£�¬�ªu»´¼1ýgªR·±ª�¶_£�¤�¨(¦�ªuµ�¬�©°¨N¥�½�½�»¹²´¼©°¥R£�²¹ªu®_¿ÈÀ�¦+²¹®�¯P²³©3¥R£�¨/¯Ê²¹® ��²¹¾uµ�¬�¨=�\å�¶�çºÇr·�¨©°»¹¥\¦�¦�²´¶�Åm£�¤�¨3¦�¨£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²´ª\®�¦&¥u¦¥�ø7¨/© £�²´®�¾J£�¤�¨áÖ°î/î�Ü�Ñ5î@Ö�×1ØkÏRÙ�Ç�ÏRÜ�Ð\Ñ�Ü Ø³ÙSîRǪu¬�κÏQ��ã7Ô�×5Ö�×1ØkÏRÙ�Õ�ª�¶g£�¤�¨rýgªR·±ª�¶;©�ª\®\£�¬�ª\»=¿ « ªu®@£�¬�ªu»P¥u¾u¾u¬�¨°¾@¥R¼£�²¹ªu®­£�¬�¥u®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ª\®�¦Ã§�¬�¨3¥uɵ�½ü©�ª\«E½�µP£º¥R£�²¹ª\®�¦Ã£�¤�¥R£&»¹ªu¾u²´¼©°¥�»¹»¹Åʧ7¨°»¹ªu®�¾ü£�ª\¾u¨°£�¤�¨3¬Eªu¬E«E¨°¬�¾u¨­©°ªu«E½�µP£º¥R£�²´ª\®�¦�£�¤�¥�£d¯Pª®�ª�£3¿ « ª\®@£�¬�ªu»rªu¬º¯P¨°¬�²¹®�¾­£�¬�¥u®�¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®g¦�¬�¥u®�¯Pª\«E²´à3¨U£�¤�¨ªu¬º¯P¨°¬&²¹®Û·Ã¤�²³©º¤Û©°ªu«E½�µ�£�¥R£�²¹ªu®�¦�¥�¬�¨�©3¥�¬�¬�²¹¨3¯mªuµP£3¿ « ªu«E½�µP¼£�¥R£�²¹ªu®�£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ªu®�¦°Ç ì�®�¥u»´»¹ÅuÇ°²¹®�¦�¨3¬�£'®�¨°·$å�¬�¨3¯Pµ�®�¯�¥�®@£%ª\¬¯P¨3¥\¯�çé�ªP¯P¨uÇ7ª\¬N«U¥�É\¨�¥�»¹¾uª\¬�²´£�¤�«E²¹©�©º¤�¥�®�¾\¨3¦r£�ªE£�¤�¨�¦�ª\µ�¬º©�¨¥�½�½�»¹²³©°¥�£�²¹ªu®'¿

��ª\¬Ã£�¬º¥�®g¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®�¦t£�¤�¥�£(¥�»´£�¨°¬�£�¤�¨ý�ªR·�ªu¶-©°ªu®@£�¬�ªu»=Ç�¥©�¨°¬�£�¥u²¹®ü¥�«Eª\µ�®@£(ªu¶r©°ªu«E½�µP£º¥R£�²´ª\®�¥�»�ªRÄu¨3¬�¤�¨/¥u¯­·Ã²¹»¹»�§g¨Eµ�®�¼¥aÄuªu²³¯�¥u§�»¹¨�¿���ªu¬ÀN»¹²³©�¨�£�¤�²³¦�«E¨3¥u®�¦(£�¤�¥�£�¦�¤�¨+«U¥aÅJ¤�¥aÄ\¨�£�ª©º¤�ªSª\¦�¨�§7¨�£¸·�¨°¨3®+¥�¤�²¹¾\¤�»¹Å�¨°ÞU©�²¹¨°®@£]½�¬�ªu¾u¬º¥�«JÇR¥�®g¯�ª\®�¨�£�¤�¥�£²¹¦�¤�²¹¾u¤�»´Å(ªu§P¶�µg¦�©3¥R£�¨/¯;¿]ß?ÅS½�²³©°¥u»¹»´ÅuÇ3¥�®�ªu§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�ª\¬�·Ã²¹»¹»\¥\¦�¦�²³¦¸£¤�¨°¬(²´®J£�¤�²³¦r£�¬º¥u¯�¨�¼5ª�øÛ§SÅJ¥�»¹»¹ªR·Ã²´®�¾�¤�¨3¬N£�ª�©º¤�ªSª\¦�¨�§g¨°£¸·H¨3¨°®©º¤�¨3¥u½¥u®�¯¨�ÁP½g¨3®�¦�²´Ä\¨�£�¬�¥u®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ª\®�¦�¿

\ � ï Û�©� #]7ô_¦ ¥ �R¦\ó�õö¡� @�)¦\�ßr¤�¨ ¬�¨3¥u»D©º¤g¥�»¹»¹¨°®�¾\¨ë·Ã¤�¨°® ¯�¨3¦�²´¾\®�²¹®�¾ ©�ª\®@£�¬�ªu»´¼5¥u»´£�¨°¬�²¹®�¾£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²´ª\®�¦&²³¦£�ªü«U¥uÉu¨d£�¤�¨3«�®�ª�£Mªu®�»¹ÅÊ©º¤�¨/¥�½_Çt§�µ�£¥�»³¦�ª+¬�¨3¦�²¹¦�£�¥u®@£H£�ªU¥R£�£º¥u©ºÉE¶�¬�ªu« ¯P¨°ª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�ªu¬º¦°¿?ß%ªE¥u©º¤�²´¨3Äu¨£�¤�²³¦°ÇM«U¥u®SÅ £�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²´ª\®�¦­¬�¨°»¹Å ªu® £�¤�¨Y¨°ÁS²³¦�£�¨3®�©�¨Dª�¶Ï�ã�Ö-?°Ô�Ñ�¶RÖRÜ ØkÖuÒ°èâÑ�Õ+¥u®�¯8Ϻã�Ö6?�Ô�Ñ�ã;Ü�ѺÐRØkκÖ�×5Ñ�Õ�¿D¢}®P¶�ªu¬�«U¥�»¹»¹Å�Ç-¥Äa¥u¬�²³¥u§�»¹¨M^ë²³¦rªu½�¥\Ì@µ�¨&²â¶�²´£N¤�¥u¦Ã¦�ªu«E¨�½�¬�ªu½7¨°¬�£¸Å? �·Ã¤�²¹©º¤²³¦

ÉS®�ªR·Ã®ÊÖ&ã;Ü ØkÏRÜ Ø7£�ªM£�¤�¨�ªu§P¶�µg¦�©3¥R£�ª\¬°Ç�§�µP£N·Ã¤�²³©º¤�²³¦Ã¯P²´ÞU©�µ�»â£¶�ªu¬-£�¤�¨Ã¯P¨°ª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�ªu¬�£�ª&¯�¨3¯Pµ�©°¨�¿?ÆS²¹«E²¹»³¥�¬�»´ÅuÇ°¥�½�¬�¨/¯P²³©°¥�£�¨G�åk¥�§7ª@ª\»¹¨3¥�®­¨°ÁP½�¬�¨/¦�¦�²¹ªu®gçò¹¦�ªu½�¥\Ì@µ�¨�²´¶?¥¯P¨°ª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥R£�ªu¬�©°¥�®¯P¨/¯Pµ�©�¨�²â£º¦]ªuµ�£�©�ª\«E¨Ãªu®�»¹Å·Ã²´£�¤E¾u¬�¨3¥R£t¯P²´ÞU©�µ�»â£¸ÅuÇu·Ã¤�²¹»¹¨�£�¤�²³¦ªuµ�£�©�ª\«E¨(²³¦r·�¨°»¹»;ÉS®�ªR·Ã®d£�ª+£�¤�¨�ª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥R£�ªu¬3¿

¬�¨3²´®�¾�¥�§�»¹¨Ê£�ª8©°¬�¨/¥R£�¨±ªu½�¥\Ì\µ�¨ÈÄR¥�¬�²¹¥u§�»¹¨3¦­¥u®�¯Ú½�¬�¨3¯P²´¼©°¥�£�¨/¦�·Ã¤�²¹©º¤D¥�¬�¨¯�²âÞU©°µ�»´£�¶�ª\¬M¥u®±ª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥R£�ªu¬+£�ªÊ©°¬�¥\©ºÉG²³¦¥�«U¥�Á¸ªu¬m©º¤�¥u»¹»´¨3®�¾u¨G£�ª8¥�©°¬�¨/¥R£�ªu¬mªu¶Uªu§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�²¹ªu®Ë£�ª@ª\»³¦�Ç¥�®g¯ £�¤�¨ Éu¨°Å £�ªÝ¤�²¹¾u¤�»¹Åë¬�¨/¦�²¹»¹²¹¨°®@£^©°ªu®@£�¬�ªu»£�¬º¥�®g¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�¼£�²¹ª\®�¦�¿ÝÍá¨ü«E¨/¥u¦�µ�¬�¨­£�¤�¨á¬�¨3¦�²¹»´²¹¨3®�©�¨Jª�¶+¥�®�ª\½�¥uÌ@µ�¨üÄR¥�¬�²â¼¥�§�»´¨�ªu¬±½�¬�¨/¯P²³©°¥R£�¨ å�²=¿ ¨�¿ ²´£º¦±¬�¨3¦�²³¦¸£º¥�®�©°¨Y£�ª ¯�¨°ªu§�¶�µ�¦�©3¥R¼£�²¹ª\®^¥R£�£�¥\©ºÉS¦ºç�ªu®È£�¤�¨­¦�¥u«E¨�¦�©°¥u»´¨¥u¦�£�¬º¥�®g¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®Ê¬�¨�¼¦�²´»¹²¹¨°®g©�¨�Ç&²=¿ ¨u¿ ¾�×kÜ Ø�¶/ØkÖRèéÇ �?ѺÖ�_RÇ´Õ ×1Ü�Ï�Ù@î�Ç ÓºÔPè³è Ç�ÏRÙ;Ñ4½Y�?Ö�äN¿º¿ ÆS²¹«E²´¼»³¥�¬�»¹Å�Ç�·�¨á«E¨3¥u¦�µ�¬�¨m£�¤�¨È¥u¯�¯�¨3¯Ë©�ª\¦�£Jª�¶+¥u®8ª\½�¥uÌ@µ�¨á©�ª\®P¼¦�£�¬�µ�© £­ªu®8£�¤�¨á¦�¥�«E¨á¦�©°¥�»¹¨G¥u¦�£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ªu®$©�ª@¦¸£3Ç&²=¿ ¨�¿¾öÓºÜ�Ñ�Ñ�Ç�Î)��Ñ�ÖºãgÇ�κÏaÕ�×kèöäadzÐ\Ñ�Ö�Üh¿º¿i�j¥k%mcoImcpTmrqIo�`§u�wba�}dcKzIj¢Ñ�qKo[{�pT�:z[|QpI{��JÀ ÄR¥�¬�²¹¥u§�»¹¨e^²³¦�Ï�ã�Ö-?°Ô�Ñ�¥R£H¥½gª\²´®@£VJd²´®U¥½�¬�ª\¾u¬º¥�«JÇ�²´¶V^ ¤�¥\¦?¥�½�¬�ªu½7¨°¬�£¸Å J¥R£QJ±·Ã¤�²³©º¤G²³¦�ÉS®�ªR·Ã®È¥�£�ªu§�¶�µ�¦�©3¥R£�²´ª\®Û£�²¹«E¨�¿ÍG¨�·Ã¬�²´£�¨£�¤�²¹¦Ã¥\¦f^hgI ªu¬Q^bg�²â¶/J­²³¦�©°»¹¨3¥�¬�¶�¬�ªu« ©°ªu®@£�¨°ÁS£°¿

À�½�¬�¨/¯P²³©°¥�£�¨ �˲¹¦tªu½�¥\Ì\µ�¨r¥�£VJE²´¶_²â£º¦]ªuµ�£�©�ª\«E¨r²¹¦-ÉS®�ªR·Ã®¥R£Uª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�²¹ªu®Ê£�²¹«E¨�¿YÍG¨­·Ã¬�²´£�¨��hiI å��kjI ç+²´¶�� ¥�»¹·r¥aÅP¦¨°ÄR¥u»´µg¥R£�¨/¦t£�ªRl á#, +-) åKm 7 4 ) çH¥R£nJ'Ç�¥u®�¯Ò�koI ²´¶[� ¦�ª\«E¨�£�²¹«E¨/¦¨°ÄR¥u»´µg¥R£�¨/¦£�ª@m 7 4 ) ¥�®g¯^¦�ªu«E¨°£�²¹«E¨3¦&£�ª@l á#, +-) ¿DÆS¨°¨���²¹¾�¼µ�¬�¨��P¿­ÀN¾@¥�²¹®_Ç<Jȷò¹»¹»-§g¨dªu«E²´£�£�¨3¯ü²â¶Ã©�»¹¨/¥�¬&¶�¬�ªu« ©°ªu®@£�¨°ÁS£°¿�

prqs tpnu ts t pwvs

cedgf+h�iPkhx�mfy�d{zºk)iPkyQw�w·����ktÂx�{�x��_r���hjk �jiPk�jdgv�r'wPk)t��Ð�x�psds�Npgdgy^k)tdgy_��dsvr'wPk��_r4wP�^tÂwP�_r4w���r��tRx+��k-wPds��k)t���k wMr'~0ky����^r'tR�^k��Npgdgy^k)t�_r4wP�^t�wP�_r4w�Ú¿dgpsp�y^k�+k)i¿��k�wMr�~0k)y��

¬�¨3»´ªR·Y·�¨(¾\²¹Äu¨�¦�ªu«E¨N¨°Á�¥�«E½�»¹¨3¦tª�¶�¦�²¹«E½�»¹¨Ãªu½�¥\Ì\µ�¨(©�ª\®P¼¦�£�¬�µ�© £º¦�¿tßr¤�¨/¦�¨&¥�¬�¨�¨/¥u¦�Å�£�ª+©°ªu®�¦�£�¬�µ�©�£H¶�ª\¬?£�¤�¨&ªu§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�ª\¬°Ç¥�®g¯^¨/Ì@µ�¥�»¹»¹Åʨ3¥\¦�ÅÊ£�ªÈ©�¬º¥u©ºÉʶ�ª\¬E£�¤�¨m¯P¨°ª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥R£�ªu¬3¿ËÆS¨/© ¼£�²¹ª\® �m¾\²´Ä\¨U¨�Á�¥u«E½�»¹¨3¦�ªu¶�ªu½�¥\Ì@µ�¨�©°ªu®�¦�£�¬�µ�© £º¦�·Ã²´£�¤È«�µg©º¤¤�²¹¾u¤�¨°¬r¬�¨/¦�²¹»¹²¹¨°®�©°¨�¿

\ � ï � ï Ô �¸õ�Ú\õé �¨%  ñ ó}| ¦\ *~�Û�©P #];ô_¦Òf?ò ñ � ����ô�¡R�º�ÀN®Úª\½�¥uÌ@µ�¨Ê©°ªu®�¦�£�¬�µ�© £­²³¦Ê×1Ü Ø�¶3ØkÖ�èN²´¶M¥Y¯P¨3ªu§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�ª\¬m©°¥�®Î°Ü�ÖuÎ_Û²â£Gåk¯P¨/¯Pµ�©�¨ü²´£�¦EÄR¥�»¹µ�¨açM§SÅD¥^¦¸£º¥R£�²¹©J»¹ªP©°¥u»�¥�®g¥�»¹ÅP¦�²³¦°¿ÀN®^¥�®�¥u»´ÅP¦�²³¦�²³¦�»¹ªP©°¥u»]²â¶Ã²´£²³¦�¬�¨3¦�£�¬�²¹©�£�¨/¯m£�ªÛ¥m¦�²´®�¾u»¹¨�§g¥u¦�²¹©§�»¹ªP©ºÉmª�¶N¥m©°ªu®@£�¬�ªu»-ýgªR· ¾\¬�¥u½�¤_¿���²¹¾\µ�¬�¨�#gåk¥\ç�¾u²¹Äu¨/¦�¦�ªu«E¨¨�Á�¥u«E½�»¹¨3¦°¿

Íá¨�¥u»¹¦�ª8©°ªu®�¦�²³¯P¨°¬Ê¥u®ëª\½�¥uÌ@µ�¨YÄR¥�¬�²³¥�§�»¹¨±£�ªÚ§7¨Y£�¬�²´Ä@¼²³¥�»+²´¶d²´£G²³¦G©�ªu«E½�µP£�¨/¯ ¶�¬�ª\« ©°¥u»´»³¦m£�ªË»´²¹§�¬º¥�¬�Å�¶�µ�®�© £�²´ª\®�¦·Ã²´£�¤ë¦�²¹«E½�»¹¨�Ç�·H¨3»´»´¼5µ�®�¯P¨3¬�¦�£�ªSªP¯ ¦�¨3«U¥�®@£�²³©3¦�¿¡��ª\¬G¥8»³¥�®P¼¾uµg¥�¾u¨d»´²¹É\¨EÂ\¥aÄR¥J·Ã¤�²³©º¤Ê¬�¨/Ì@µ�²¹¬�¨/¦¥�»¹»t²¹«E½�»¹¨°«E¨3®@£�¥R£�²¹ªu®�¦�£�ª

��£

Page 11: masters.donntu.orgmasters.donntu.org/2008/fvti/protivenskiy/library/articles/taxonomy.pdf · !"$#%& ' #' "( )+*-,/.1032/.54768)+9;:1:=@,/A)+:547,3BDCE*-9;FG

¦�µ�½�½gª\¬�£�¥­¦�£�¥u®�¯�¥�¬º¯G¦�¨°£ª�¶r»´²¹§�¬º¥�¬�ÅJ©�»³¥u¦�¦�¨/¦�Ç%¦�µ�©º¤áªu½g¥uÌ@µ�¨Äa¥u¬�²³¥u§�»¹¨3¦�¥u¬�¨J¨/¥u¦�Åá£�ªÈ©�ª\®�¦�£�¬�µ�© £3¿$À�¦�²¹«E½�»¹¨d¨�Á�¥u«E½�»¹¨d²³¦L âCã*5U�=�:� Ý�� Ä�� ï 7 á»ã<� 2 àdåäñd��îQæ�N Ç�·Ã¤�¨°¬�¨ 7 á»ã<� 2 àGåZ� 8� æ ²³¦�¥d»¹²´¼§�¬�¥u¬�Å˶�µ�®g© £�²¹ª\® £�¤g¥R£á¬�¨°£�µ�¬�®�¦G¥�® ²¹®@£�¨3¾u¨3¬Û²¹® £�¤�¨^¬º¥�®�¾u¨�f����� � ¿q�N®�¶�ªu¬�£�µ�®�¥�£�¨3»´ÅuÇ�¦�µ�©º¤�ªu½�¥\Ì\µ�¨tÄR¥�¬�²¹¥u§�»¹¨3¦_¥u¬�¨H¨3Ì@µ�¥�»¹»¹Å¨3¥u¦�Å�£�ª�¯P¨°ª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�¨�¿ ÀN»¹»�£�¤�¥R£Û²³¦­¬�¨3Ì@µ�²¹¬�¨3¯�²¹¦­¶�ªu¬­£�¤�¨¯P¨°ª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥R£�ªu¬�¼5¯�¨3¦�²´¾\®�¨°¬£�ªü£�¥�§�µ�»³¥R£�¨U£�¤�¨­¦�¨°«U¥�®@£�²¹©3¦�ª�¶�¥�»¹»¦�²¹«E½�»¹¨]»¹²¹§�¬�¥u¬�Å�¶�µ�®�©�£�²¹ªu®�¦°Çu¥�®g¯&£�¤�¨3®�½g¥R£�£�¨°¬�®P¼5«U¥R£�©º¤�ª\®£�¤�¨¶�µ�®�© £�²¹ªu®J©°¥�»¹»³¦H²´®�£�¤�¨�ªu§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�¨/¯©°ªP¯P¨�¿

ÀN®^ªu½�¥\Ì@µ�¨d©�ª\®�¦�£�¬�µ�© £�²³¦��?ѺÖ�_U²´¶N¥Û¯�¨°ªu§�¶�µ�¦�©3¥R£�ªu¬�©3¥�®©�¬º¥u©ºÉ&²´£�§SÅ�¥�¦¸£º¥R£�²¹©?¾u»¹ªu§g¥�»S¥�®�¥u»´ÅP¦�²³¦�¿'ÀN®M¥�®g¥�»¹ÅP¦�²³¦'²³¦�¾u»¹ªu§g¥�»²â¶�²´£+²³¦+¬�¨/¦¸£�¬�²³©�£�¨3¯Ê£�ªÊ¥ü¦�²¹®�¾u»¹¨©�ªu®@£�¬�ª\»?ý�ªR· ¾u¬º¥�½�¤'¿ ��²´¾u¼µ�¬�¨�#gå�§gçH¾\²´Ä\¨3¦r¦�ªu«E¨�¨�Á�¥�«E½�»¹¨/¦�¿

\ � ¤ f?òQgN©�ôS�  @� õéò ñUÔ �}  ñ �Ø}ò@�hgd @� õéò ñ �« ªu«E½�µP£º¥R£�²´ª\®ß%¬º¥�®g¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®�¦g¶k¥u»´»@²¹®@£�ªÃ£�¤�¬�¨3¨�©3¥R£�¨°¾uª\¬�²¹¨/¦4®¤�²³¯P¨�£�¤�¨+¬�¨/¥�»-©�ªu®@£�¬�ª\»â¼=ý�ªR·Ë§g¨3¤�²¹®�¯m²¹¬�¬�¨3»¹¨°ÄR¥�®@£�¦�£�¥R£�¨°«E¨3®\£º¦£�¤�¥�£&¯Pªd®�ª�£&©�ªu®@£�¬�²¹§�µP£�¨�£�ªd£�¤�¨+¥u©�£�µ�¥u»�©°ªu«E½�µP£º¥R£�²´ª\®�¦°Ç�²¹®P¼£�¬�ªS¯�µ�©�¨Y©�ªP¯P¨Y¦�¨/Ì@µ�¨°®�©°¨3¦G¥R£ü£�¤�¨Yªu§ºÁ¸¨3© £á©�ªP¯P¨D»¹¨°Äu¨3»¶�ª\¬·Ã¤�²³©º¤�£�¤�¨°¬�¨�¨�ÁP²³¦�£r®�ªd©�ª\¬�¬�¨3¦�½gª\®�¯P²¹®�¾�¤�²¹¾u¤P¼5»¹¨°Äu¨3»;»¹¥u®�¾uµg¥�¾u¨©�ªu®g¦¸£�¬�µ�©�£�¦°Ç%ªu¬�¬�¨°«EªRÄ\¨�¬�¨3¥u»t©�ªu®@£�¬�ª\»â¼=ý�ªR·Ú¥�§g¦¸£�¬�¥\© £�²¹ª\®�¦�ª\¬²´®@£�¬�ªP¯Pµ�©°¨�¦�½�µ�¬�²¹ªuµg¦?ª\®�¨3¦°¿

\ � ¤ � ï ð³ñ ��¦S�5��Ö�¦\ Sóüò@� ð �¸�[¦_¨ ¦�Ú@  ñ ��ftò;óº¦ßr¤�¨�À ° ¥�®�¯§ÀIÃd«E¨°£�¬�²¹©3¦¦�µ�¾u¾\¨3¦�££�¤�¥�£�£�¤�¨°¬�¨d²³¦�¥ü¦¸£�¬�ª\®�¾©�ªu¬�¬�¨°»³¥R£�²´ª\®�§7¨�£¸·�¨°¨3®E£�¤�¨(½g¨3¬�©°¨°²¹Äu¨/¯M©�ªu«E½�»´¨°ÁP²â£¸Å�ª�¶%¥�½�²¹¨/©�¨ª�¶?©�ªP¯P¨�¥�®�¯J£�¤�¨�®Sµ�«+§7¨°¬Nªu¶t½�¬�¨/¯P²³©°¥�£�¨3¦N²â£�©�ªu®@£º¥�²¹®�¦°¿Â��ªu¬�¼£�µ�®�¥�£�¨3»´ÅuÇH£�¤�¨­¨�ÁP²³¦�£�¨°®g©�¨Jª�¶&ªu½�¥\Ì@µ�¨J½�¬�¨/¯P²³©°¥�£�¨3¦+«U¥uÉu¨3¦�²´£¨3¥u¦�Å(¶�ªu¬%µg¦'£�ª�¯P¨°ÄS²³¦�¨]£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ªu®�¦g£�¤g¥R£�²¹®@£�¬�ªP¯Pµ�©°¨]®�¨°·½�¬�¨/¯P²³©°¥�£�¨3¦�²¹®J¥�½�¬�ª\¾u¬º¥�«J¿

« ªu®g¦�²³¯P¨3¬?£�¤�¨�§�¥u¦�²³©N§�»¹ªP©ºÉ è ¹ è Ý ����� èd� ²¹®N��²¹¾\µ�¬�¨X��£�¿¢}®=��²¹¾\µ�¬�¨��+£�å1¥\ç�·�¨�²´®g¦�¨3¬�£�¥u®­ªu½�¥\Ì\µ�¨�½�¬�¨/¯P²³©°¥�£�¨+�kjʲ¹®@£�ªè Ç�¨/¦�¦�¨°®@£�²³¥u»´»¹Å¦�½�»¹²´£�£�²¹®�¾d²´£&²´®G¤�¥u»â¶}¿Eßr¤�¨ �kjD½�¬�¨3¯P²³©3¥R£�¨+²³¦Ø³Ü Ü�Ñ�è´Ñ4¶RÖRÙ7×%©�ªP¯P¨�¦�²¹®�©�¨&²´£Ã·Ã²´»¹»;¥�»¹·r¥aÅS¦H¨°ÄR¥u»´µg¥R£�¨(£�ªUß�¬�µ�¨�¿

¢}® ��²¹¾uµ�¬�¨��+£�å�§7ç�·�¨�¥�¾@¥�²¹®á§�¬�¨3¥�É è ²¹®@£�ª­£¸·�ªm¤�¥u»¹Äu¨3¦°Ç¥�®�¯�£�¤�¨3®�½�¬�ªP©�¨3¨3¯£�ª&©�¬�¨3¥R£�¨?£¸·�ªEÐRØ ��Ñ°Ü�Ñ°Ùg×Sªu§�¶�µ�¦�©3¥R£�¨3¯Ä\¨°¬�¼¦�²¹ªu®g¦ èn� ¥u®�¯ èw� ªu¶]£�¤�¨M¦�¨/©�ª\®�¯­¤�¥u»â¶}¿ èn� ¥u®�¯ èw� ·Ã²¹»¹»%§7¨©�¬�¨3¥R£�¨3¯§SÅ¥u½�½�»¹ÅS²¹®�¾+¯�²âø;¨°¬�¨°®@£�¦�¨�£º¦Nª�¶]ª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥R£�²¹®�¾+£�¬º¥�®�¦�¼¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ª\®�¦'£�ª�£�¤�¨N¦�¨3©°ªu®�¯+¤�¥u»â¶gª�¶ è ¿-ê�¨°®�©°¨�Ç@²â£]·Ã²¹»¹»S®�ª�£t§7¨¯P²¹¬�¨/© £�»¹Åª\§SÄ@²¹ª\µ�¦�£�ª¥�¬�¨°Ä\¨°¬º¦�¨r¨3®�¾u²¹®�¨3¨°¬-£�¤g¥R£ èn� ¥u®�¯ èw� ²¹®¶k¥u© £Ã½7¨°¬�¶�ªu¬�«Ý£�¤�¨�¦�¥�«E¨�¶�µ�®�© £�²¹ªu®_¿-Íá¨(µ�¦�¨�¥�½�¬�¨/¯P²³©°¥R£�¨�� o£�ªU¦�¨°»¹¨3©�£�§7¨�£¸·�¨°¨3® èw� ¥�®g¯ è�� ¥R£N¬�µ�®@£�²¹«E¨�¿

��²¹¾uµ�¬�¨���£gåk©3ç�²³¦t¦�²¹«E²¹»¹¥u¬'£�ª���²¹¾\µ�¬�¨��+£�åk§gçºÇ@§�µP£t£�¤�²³¦-£�²¹«E¨·H¨+²¹®\£�¬�ªP¯Pµg©�¨�¥�§�µ�¾²¹®@£�ª è � ¿�ßr¤�¨�� j ½�¬�¨3¯P²³©°¥�£�¨+¥�»¹·�¥aÅP¦¦�¨3»´¨/© £º¦�£�¤�¨©°ªu¬�¬�¨/© £rÄu¨°¬º¦�²´ª\®Uª�¶�£�¤�¨©°ªP¯P¨�Ç èw� ¿\ � ¤ � ¤ �/>u�¦ ñ ó�[Sò;ò�©Êf?ò ñ ógõ � õéò ñ ���²¹¾\µ�¬�¨��j��¦�¤�ªR·N¦Ã¤�ªR· ·�¨�©°¥u®­ªu§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�¨�¥U»´ªSª\½§SÅ«U¥�É@¼²´®�¾&£�¤�¨�£�¨°¬�«E²¹®�¥R£�²¹ªu®�©°ªu®�¯�²â£�²¹ªu®+«Eªu¬�¨r©°ªu«E½�»¹¨°Á7¿�ßr¤�¨�§�¥\¦�²³©²¹¯�¨3¥�²¹¦(£�ª¨°ÁS£�¨°®g¯m£�¤�¨M»´ªSª\½ü©�ª\®�¯P²´£�²¹ª\®m·Ã²´£�¤ü¥�� j ªu¬+� i½�¬�¨/¯P²³©°¥�£�¨�·Ã¤�²¹©º¤�·Ã²¹»´»g®�ª�£N¥�ø7¨/© £�£�¤�¨&®Sµ�«+§g¨3¬Hªu¶%£�²¹«E¨/¦t£�¤�¨

»¹ªSªu½U·Ã²¹»¹»g¨°ÁP¨3©�µ�£�¨�¿?ßr¤�¨(½�¬�¨3¯�²¹©3¥R£�¨�·�¨(¤�¥aÄ\¨�¥\¯�¯P¨/¯U²¹®U��²¹¾�¼µ�¬�¨ �j�\åk¯gçºÇN¶�ª\¬d¨�Á�¥u«E½�»¹¨�Ç÷ò¹»´»�¥�»¹·r¥aÅS¦M¨3ÄR¥�»¹µ�¥R£�¨J£�ª�m 7 4 )¦�²´®g©�¨k� ° å ��� �/ç °�� £ åk«EªS¯�ú@ç ¿

\ � ¤ � Ó ftò ñ Ú�¦S�5�r �Éq¦\ó;ôP¡�õ´�º¨ ¦��ºòE ���ò ñ1� Éq¦\ó7ô�¡�õâ��¨ ¦���¨éò-�� �} º© Õ¾�¶³£�¨3®_Ç�¥½�¬�ªu¾\¬�¥u«E«E²¹®�¾(»³¥u®�¾uµ�¥u¾u¨r²³¦H©°ªu«E½�²¹»¹¨3¯�£�ª+¥®�¥�£�²¹Äu¨ªu¬(ÄS²´¬�£�µg¥�»'«U¥\©º¤�²¹®�¨©�ªP¯P¨�·Ã¤�²³©º¤­²¹¦N«Eªu¬�¨�¨�ÁP½�¬�¨3¦�¦�²¹Äu¨&£�¤�¥�®£�¤�¨�»³¥�®�¾uµ�¥u¾u¨&²´£�¦�¨°»´¶}¿NÍ�¤�¨3®m£�¤�²¹¦(²³¦Ã£�¤�¨�©3¥u¦�¨�Ç;²â£&¥�»¹»¹ªR·N¦rµ�¦£�ªü¯P¨°ÄS²³©�¨JèâÖ�Ù@îuÔ�Ö°î@Ñ4½�Ò°Ü�ѺÖ�_�سÙ@îU£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ªu®�¦°¿dÀÝ£�¬º¥�®g¦¸¼¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ªu®Û²³¦�»¹¥u®�¾uµg¥�¾u¨°¼=§�¬�¨/¥�ÉS²¹®�¾E²´¶r²´£�²¹®@£�¬�ªP¯Pµ�©°¨3¦&ÄS²¹¬�£�µ�¥�»«U¥u©º¤�²´®�¨Ûå�ª\¬+®g¥R£�²¹Ä\¨�©�ªP¯P¨aç�²´®g¦¸£�¬�µ�©�£�²¹ªu®È¦�¨3Ì@µ�¨3®�©�¨/¦+·Ã¤�²³©º¤¤�¥aÄ\¨?®�ª�¯P²¹¬�¨/© £�©°ªu¬�¬�¨/¦�½7ªu®g¯P¨°®�©°¨t·Ã²´£�¤�¥u®SÅ&¦�ªuµ�¬�©°¨t»³¥�®�¾\µ�¥�¾\¨©�ª\®�¦�£�¬�µ�© £3¿�Í�¤�¨°®�¶k¥u©�¨/¯U·Ã²´£�¤¦�µg©º¤U²¹®�¦¸£�¬�µg© £�²¹ª\®U¦�¨/Ì\µ�¨°®�©°¨3¦¥¯P¨°ª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥R£�ªu¬�·Ã²¹»´»�¨°²´£�¤�¨°¬�¤�¥aÄu¨�£�ª�£�¬�ÅJ£�ªJ¦�ÅS®@£�¤�¨/¦�²¹à3¨�¥�®¨3Ì@µ�²¹ÄR¥�»¹¨3®\£dåk§�µP£M©�ªu®SÄ\ªu»¹µP£�¨/¯�ç&¦�ªuµ�¬º©�¨U»³¥u®�¾uµ�¥u¾u¨M½�¬�ªu¾\¬�¥u«JǪu¬Ã¾\²¹Äu¨�µ�½J¥u»´£�ªu¾\¨�£�¤�¨°¬3¿

��ªu¬&¨�Á�¥u«E½�»¹¨�Ç7£�¤�¨UÂ\¥aÄa¥áÒ°ä�×=ѺκÏ3Ð\Ñ�¤�¥u¦&¥ ;*2 5 2 ²¹®�¦�£�¬�µ�© ¼£�²¹ª\®�·Ã¤�²´»¹¨-£�¤�¨HÂ\¥aÄa¥&è´ÖRÙ@îuÔ�Ö°î@Ñ�¤�¥u¦'®�ª�©�ª\¬�¬�¨3¦�½7ªu®�¯P²¹®�¾ ;*2 5 2 ¼¦�£�¥R£�¨°«E¨3®\£3¿�ßr¤�²³¦r«E¨/¥�®�¦�£�¤�¥R£N£�¤�¨�Â\¥aÄR¥�§SÅ@£�¨/©�ªP¯P¨©3¥�®J¨�ÁS¼½�¬�¨3¦�¦�ÖRÜ°Ò°Ø�×kÜ�Ö�Ü ä�©�ªu®@£�¬�ª\»gýgªR·&Ç�·Ã¤�¨°¬�¨3¥\¦?£�¤�¨Âu¥aÄR¥�»³¥�®�¾\µ�¥�¾\¨©°¥u®Jªu®�»¹ÅÛåk¨3¥u¦�²¹»¹ÅPç?¨�ÁP½�¬�¨3¦�¦�Õ�×kÜ Ô�Î3×1ÔPÜ�ѺÐ(©°ªu®@£�¬�ªu»;ýgªR·&¿Hß%¨/©º¤P¼®�²³©°¥u»¹»´Å+ùs�°û1Ç�·�¨Ã¦�¥aÅ�£�¤�¥R£�£�¤�¨Ã©°ªu®@£�¬�ªu»\ý�ªR·È¾\¬�¥u½�¤�¦�½�¬�ªP¯Pµg©�¨3¯¶�¬�ªu« Â\¥aÄa¥ü½�¬�ªu¾\¬�¥u«U¦�·Ã²¹»´»r¥�»¹·r¥aÅP¦�§g¨áÜ�ѺÐ�Ô�Î�ØkÒ°èâÑ�Ç�§�µ�£+£�¤�¨Â\¥aÄa¥�§SÅ@£�¨3©°ªP¯P¨©°¥u®�¨°ÁS½�¬�¨/¦�¦�Ù7Ï�Ù�½}Ü�ѺÐ�Ô�Î�ØkÒ°èâÑ�ý�ªR·8¾u¬º¥�½�¤g¦�¿

ÆP²´®g©�¨�¨�ÁP½�¬�¨3¦�¦�²´®�¾�®�ª\®P¼=¬�¨3¯�µ�©�²¹§�»¹¨(ý�ªR·�¾\¬�¥u½�¤�¦r§7¨3©�ª\«E¨3¦Äu¨3¬�Å¥a·ÃÉS·r¥�¬º¯&²¹®�»³¥�®�¾\µ�¥�¾\¨3¦%·Ã²â£�¤�ªuµ�£ ;*2 5 2 ¦°ÇR·H¨r©�ª\®�¦�£�¬�µ�© £¥�£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²´ª\®�·Ã¤�²¹©º¤�©�ªu®SÄ\¨°¬�£�¦?¥�¬�¨3¯Pµ�©°²¹§�»¹¨rý�ªR·�¾u¬º¥�½�¤£�ª�¥M®�ªu®P¼5¬�¨3¯Pµ�©°²¹§�»¹¨(ª\®�¨�¿Nßr¤�²³¦N©3¥�®J§g¨�¯Pªu®�¨�§@Åd£�µ�¬�®�²¹®�¾U¥¦�£�¬�µ�© £�µ�¬�¨/¯á»¹ª@ª\½á²´®@£�ªJ¥m»´ªSª\½G·Ã²´£�¤G«+µ�»´£�²¹½�»¹¨+¤�¨3¥\¯P¨°¬º¦°¿J¢}®��²¹¾uµ�¬�¨ �/ÿ�å1¥\ç-·�¨N¥u¯�¯E¥�®Eªu½g¥uÌ@µ�¨Ã½�¬�¨3¯P²³©3¥R£�¨ � i £�ª�¥�·Ã¤�²¹»¹¨»¹ªSªu½_Ç�£�ª­«U¥�É\¨M²â£�¥u½�½7¨3¥�¬£�¤�¥�££�¤�¨3¬�¨d²¹¦�¥XÁ¸µ�«E½Ê²´®@£�ª�£�¤�¨«E²³¯�¯P»¹¨Mª�¶�£�¤�¨�»¹ª@ª\½_¿�¢}®á¶k¥\© £3Ç�£�¤�²³¦�§�¬º¥�®�©º¤á·Ã²¹»¹»]®�¨°Ä\¨°¬§7¨£�¥uÉu¨3®_¿

À Â\¥aÄR¥ ¯P¨/©�ªu«E½�²´»¹¨3¬�·Hª\µ�»³¯�¤�¥aÄu¨ £�ª £�µ�¬�® ¥ ®�ª\®P¼¬�¨3¯Pµ�©°²¹§�»¹¨dý�ªR· ¾u¬º¥�½�¤^²¹®\£�ªüª\®�¨­·Ã¤�²³©º¤±¨3²´£�¤�¨3¬U¯Pµ�½�»¹²³©°¥�£�¨3¦©�ªP¯P¨Ûªu¬U·Ã¤�²³©º¤$©�ª\®@£�¥�²¹®�¦U¨�ÁS£�¬º¥�®�¨3ªuµ�¦M§7ªSªu»¹¨3¥u®YÄa¥u¬�²³¥u§�»¹¨3¦°¿ÀN»´£�¨°¬�®�¥R£�²´Ä\¨°»¹Å�Ç7¥d¯P¨3ªu§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�ª\¬(©�ª\µ�»³¯­¾uµ�¨3¦�¦Ã£�¤g¥R£�¥�»¹»%®�ª\®P¼¬�¨3¯Pµ�©°²¹§�»¹¨Jý�ªR· ¾u¬º¥�½�¤g¦E¤�¥aÄu¨Û§g¨3¨°®�½�¬�ªP¯Pµ�©°¨3¯$§SÅY¥�®�ª\§P¼¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�ªu¬3Ç'¥�®�¯Û¦�²¹«E½�»¹Åd¬�¨°«EªRÄ\¨&£�¤�¨+ªu½g¥uÌ@µ�¨�½�¬�¨/¯P²³©°¥R£�¨�¿&ß%ª©�ª\µ�®@£�¨3¬%£�¤�²³¦'·�¨H©°¥u®�¦�ªu«E¨�£�²¹«E¨3¦;µ�¦�¨t£�¤�¨�¥u»´£�¨°¬�®�¥�£�²¹Äu¨�£�¬º¥�®g¦¸¼¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ªu®�¦�¤�ªR·Ã®Ë²´® ��²¹¾uµ�¬�¨ �aÿ�åk§g线 ¢5¶E¥Y¯P¨°ª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥R£�ªu¬§�»¹²¹®�¯P»¹ÅG¬�¨3«EªRÄu¨3¦��hiHÇ?£�¤�¨¬�¨3¦�µ�»´£�²¹®�¾m©°ªP¯P¨J·Ã²´»¹»H§g¨J²¹®�©�ª\¬�¼¬�¨3© £3¿

\ � ¤ � e ÉϦVgUòºÚ�¦�[Sõâ�@�} u�[ª f? �¨g¨ �È  ñ ó ¥ �}ò § �} ¥g�gdõ ñ^§ ð ó �õéòQgU�

�­ª@¦¸£�½�¬�ª\¾u¬º¥�«U¦r·Ã¬�²â£�£�¨3®²¹®ÛÂ\¥aÄR¥M¬�¨3»´Å�¤�¨3¥aÄS²¹»¹ÅUªu®m©3¥�»¹»³¦�£�ª£�¤�¨?¦¸£º¥�®�¯�¥�¬º¯(»¹²¹§�¬º¥�¬�²¹¨3¦°¿;ÆS²¹®�©°¨-£�¤�¨?¦�¨°«U¥u®@£�²³©°¦7ª�¶S£�¤�¨t»¹²¹§�¬�¥u¬�Ŷ�µ�®�©�£�²¹ªu®g¦N¥�¬�¨�·H¨3»¹»'ÉS®�ªR·Ã®_Ç7¦�µ�©º¤m©3¥�»¹»³¦�©3¥�®J½�¬�ªRÄS²¹¯�¨�µg¦�¨°¶�µ�»©�»¹µ�¨/¦-£�ª¥¬�¨3Äu¨°¬º¦�¨�¨3®�¾u²¹®�¨3¨°¬3¿�ßr¤�¨N½�¬�ª\§�»¹¨°« ²³¦]¨°ÁP¥\©�¨3¬�§�¥�£�¨/¯§SÅG£�¤�¨�¶k¥u©�£�£�¤�¥R£M¬�¨°¶�¨°¬�¨°®�©°¨3¦£�ªÊÂu¥aÄR¥­»¹²¹§�¬º¥�¬�ÅÛ©�»³¥u¦�¦�¨3¦�¥u¬�¨¥�»¹·r¥aÅP¦_§SÅ+Ù;ÖQ�EÑ Çu¥u®�¯&£�¤�¨3¦�¨?®�¥u«E¨3¦�©°¥�®�®�ª�£�§g¨�ªu§P¶�µg¦�©3¥R£�¨/¯;¿

���

Page 12: masters.donntu.orgmasters.donntu.org/2008/fvti/protivenskiy/library/articles/taxonomy.pdf · !"$#%& ' #' "( )+*-,/.1032/.54768)+9;:1:=@,/A)+:547,3BDCE*-9;FG

ç âäã*5 �w�vánïVî é 3 ï:¡ é�:¢ Ý)Ý ï áU£ 3 éâ»í å 3 ½ î ç j �����â»í å 7 á»ã<� 2 à å ñ 8 î çn¤¦¥Pç i �����ê

ç âCã*5 �w�Öá ïVî é 3 ï:¡ éâ�í å������ æ§�����¨¨¨ å 3 â + µ�®�©º¤�¥u®�¾u¨/¯ æâ�í å � ¤ ��ç j á1£#£ é� ¢ Ã�Ô ï å�á ò îQæ-©-�Vï 3dª�3¬« �%ï 3ê

åk¥@ç åk§gç

cedgf+h�iPk�­�mK��Òjr'���^pgkt¿x�{ewRiPdg��dsr�pÏ|`rQ}qr�y^�2Ú"kr�~�|��º}Ïx+�^r+�Qh^k�vx+yjt[wRiPh^v)wPt�

® ߯�°�°�°�¯ ®�±pwv

® ß�¯�°�°�°�¯ ®�±

®�±Z² ß ¯�°�°�°�¯ ®6³

® ß ¯�°�°�°�¯ ®�±

®*´

@ 7 A@ &+A

s® ´±�² ß ¯�°�°�°�¯ ® ´³ ®:µ±Z² ß ¯�°�°�°�¯ ®:µ³

t

¶ ì ® @ ú�·¸ ¶ ì ® µ@ ú

@ 9�A

p qs® ´±Z² ß ¯�°�°�°�¯ ® ´³ ® µ±Z² ß ¯�°�°�°�¯ ® µ³

t

¶ ì ® @ ú ¸ ¶ ì ®*´@ ú ¸ ¶ ì ® µ@ ú

p qs t

¶ ì ® @ ú ¸ ¶ ì ® ´@ ú

® ß ¯ ® 5 ¯�°�°�°�¯ ®6³

®:´ ® µ ® µ

cedgf+h�iPk�l¹�m[P"�^kfº�iMr�y^vM�R»·y^tRk)iRwPdgx+y�wRiMr�yjt[{�x�iP��r4wPdgx+y��

¼ q ì¾½6¿¾À+ú

À�ÁUÂ�ì�½-¿�À�ú

@ &+A @ 7 A

p ì�½Qú st s

p ì�½0ús

ts

t ¼ u ì¾½6¿¾À+ú t

tp ì�½Qús ®½ÃÁ ¶ ì¾½Qú

®½ÃÁ ¶ ì¾½Qú®½ÃÁ ¶ ì¾½QúÀ�ÁUÂ�ì�½-¿�À�úâ»ïTñ éÄ1Å6â�, ) åNâ6ÆQñ ¥1¥ æ ç�����â�£#£ éê

ëìâ»ïTñ éÈÇ ïTñ ¥#¥ éÄ1Å6â�, ) å%åNâ6ÆQñ ¥#¥ æ@É#É å ÇMÊÃÇ�Ê å Ç � ñ ç Ê å Ç � ñ ç�ËbÌ ¹+¹ ¥Pç j æ�ç�����â�£#£ éÇ ï Ç ª â�£:Í éê

åk©/ç åk¯gç

cedsf�hjiPk l�l+m[P"�^kfÎ�xQx+��nqx�y_�jd�wPdgx+yÏ»·y^tRk)iRwPdgx�yowRiMr�yjt[{�x'iP��r'wPdgx+y��

�/ÿ

Page 13: masters.donntu.orgmasters.donntu.org/2008/fvti/protivenskiy/library/articles/taxonomy.pdf · !"$#%& ' #' "( )+*-,/.1032/.54768)+9;:1:=@,/A)+:547,3BDCE*-9;FG

® 5® ßS�B+2)5�? @�Ð ARÑÒ

® ß

Ю 5

3 .R/�E+2)5�?

9&14?6-7 ,8+*H@ &+A

:'?4. 7 ,8+*H9&14?

Ю:´5® µ5

p ust

® ß

S�B+2)5�? @�Ð A�I'.�Ñ

@ 7 A

ÒÒ ?�5'*)?S�B+2)5�? @�Ð A�I'.ÓÑ® 5Ò

® 5® ´52-, @ p u A�1B'?)(ÔÑ® ß

:'?49�.R/�E+2)5�?® ´5

p uts

®:µß

® µ5

Ð

®*´ß

¼ u ts

st

9&14?6-7 ,8+*H

cedgf�hjiPk l4ÍQmÖÕ k�jh^v)ds�jpgk�wPx�� x+yjÑ Õ�k��jhjvdg�^pgk cepsx Ú f�iMr'�^�jt�×»·yU|`r0}IÚ"k�tR�^pgd�w�wP�jk�pgxQx+�o��x����ÙØ 5 dgy�wPx�w8Úqx��_r4iRwPtÂ| Ø ´5 r'y_��Ø µ5 }M�jr�y^��dgy^tRk-iRwr���x�f+h^tÖÚRhj���XwPx�wP�^k���kf+dgyjy^dgy^f�x'{nØ µ5 ��»�y�|��º}[Úqk�r'pstRx��jiPkr�~ÏØ ß dsyQwPx w�Ú"x��_r4iRwPt�<Ø ´ ß r'y_�ÓØ µß �ÛØ µß dst ��x4�0k��XdgyQwPx wP�^k�pgxQx+�Ur�y^��r�yx��_r���hjk���iPk��jdgv�r4wPkdß q ky^tRh�iPktqwP�^r'wwØ µß dgt�r'p Ú"r�jtqk)Ò�kvhjwPk����k-{�x�iPk�wP�^k psxQx��o��x����Q�IH tRkvx�y_���jiPk���dgv�r'wPkÛÜ u ky^tRh�iPktqwP�_r4wwØ µß dgt"x+yjp��k-Òjk)vhjwPk���x+yjvk+�

¢}® «U¥u®SÅË©3¥u¦�¨3¦Û£�¤�¨Dªu§P¶�µg¦�©3¥R£�ª\¬Û·Ã²¹»¹»�§7¨Y§g¨Y¥�§�»¹¨Ê£�ª©�ªuµ�®\£�¨°¬£�¤�²¹¦§SÅ�¦�²´«E½�»´ÅD½�¬�ªRÄS²¹¯�²´®�¾Ê²â£º¦ªR·Ã®�Äu¨3¬�¦�²¹ªu®�¦dª�¶£�¤�¨d¦�£�¥u®�¯�¥u¬�¯G»¹²¹§�¬�¥u¬�²¹¨/¦�¿���ª\¬¨�Á�¥u«E½�»¹¨�Ç�©3¥�»¹»³¦�£�ªJ£�¤�¨Âu¥aÄR¥0 â6.-5:â 2 ãQá 7#Ý ©°»³¥u¦�¦�åk·Ã¤�²³©º¤�µg¦�¨/¦t¥&¤�¥u¦�¤�£�¥�§�»´¨r²¹«E½�»¹¨°«E¨3®@£�¥R¼£�²¹ªu®gç?©�ª\µ�»³¯�§7¨(£�µ�¬�®�¨3¯U²´®@£�ª©°¥�»¹»³¦-£�ª�¥�©°»¹¥\¦�¦t·Ã²â£�¤E²³¯P¨°®@£�²³©3¥�»§g¨3¤�¥aÄS²´ª\¬°Çr§�µP£J²¹«E½�»¹¨°«E¨3®\£�¨3¯^¥u¦må1¦�¥aÅ�çE¥Ê¬�¨3¯P¼=§�»³¥\©ºÉÊ£�¬�¨°¨u¿ßr¤�¨+©°ª\¦�£(ªu¶t£�¤�²³¦�£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ªu®²¹¦(®�ªu£&¦�ªd«+µ�©º¤m²¹®m¨°ÁS¨°¼©�µP£�²´ª\®d£�²¹«E¨�ÇP§�µP£N²¹®�£�¤�¨¦�²¹à°¨�ª�¶�£�¤�¨�½�¬�ªu¾\¬�¥u«J¿

À ¦�²¹«E²´»³¥u¬t½�¬�ªu§�»¹¨°« ªS©3©�µ�¬º¦Ã·Ã²´£�¤ÊΰèéØkÎ)�MÞÑ Õåkªu¬rã�Ö�×=×=Ñ°Ü Ù�Õ�ç Ç©�ªu«E«Eª\®­½�¬�ªu¾u¬º¥�«E«E²¹®�¾�²³¯P²¹ªu«U¦r£�¤�¥R£&ªP©°©�µ�¬�¶�¬�¨3Ì@µ�¨3®\£�»¹Å²¹®«U¥�®SÅ�¥�½�½�»¹²¹©3¥R£�²´ª\®�¦°¿ ÀN® ¨�ÁP½7¨°¬�²¹¨°®�©°¨3¯8¬�¨3Äu¨°¬º¦�¨ü¨3®�¾u²¹®�¨3¨°¬·Ã²´»¹»�¦�¨/¥�¬º©º¤ü¶�ª\¬+¦�µ�©º¤È½g¥R£�£�¨°¬�®�¦�£�ª�Á¸µ�«E½P¼5¦�£�¥u¬�£�¤�²³¦µ�®�¯�¨°¬�¼¦¸£º¥�®�¯P²¹®�¾Ãªu¶�¥�®�µ�®�¶k¥�«E²¹»¹²¹¥u¬;½�¬�ª\¾u¬º¥�«J¿'À�¦�¥�®¨°Á�¥�«E½�»¹¨�Ça©�ª\®P¼¦�²³¯P¨3¬H»¹²¹®�Éu¨/¯+»´²³¦�£�¦?²´®Âu¥aÄR¥P¿]ßr¤�¨�Âu¥aÄR¥�»¹²¹§�¬º¥�¬�Å�¤�¥\¦?®�ª+¦�£�¥u®P¼¯�¥�¬º¯±©°»¹¥\¦�¦£�¤�¥�£E½�¬�ªRÄS²³¯P¨/¦�©�ª\«E«Eªu®Ê»¹²³¦¸£�ªu½7¨°¬º¥R£�²¹ª\®�¦�¦�µ�©º¤¥u¦ âäã +-)-7 5 Ç � ) , ) 5 ) Ç ) ã#4 à )67 á65 ) Ç/¨°£�©�¿-¢}®g¦¸£�¨3¥u¯_Çu«Eª\¦�£?Âu¥aÄR¥½�¬�ª\¾u¬º¥�«E«E¨3¬�¦%·Ã²´»¹»�©°ªu®�¦�£�¬�µ�© £]»¹²³¦¸£º¦-ª�¶;ªu§�Á¸¨/© £º¦]²¹®M¥u®E¥u¯+¤�ªP©¶k¥u¦�¤�²¹ªu®§SÅ�»¹²¹®�ÉS²´®�¾r£�¤�¨3«Ú£�ª\¾u¨�£�¤�¨°¬�ªu®+¥ ã )6ß 5 ì�¨°»³¯;¿�¢5£�¨°¬º¥R£�¼²´®�¾&£�¤�¬�ªuµ�¾\¤+¦�µ�©º¤E»¹²³¦¸£º¦�²¹¦?¥&Äu¨°¬�Å�©°ªu«E«Eªu®�½�¥R£�£�¨3¬�®M²¹®UÂu¥aÄR¥½�¬�ª\¾u¬º¥�«U¦°¿Jß�¨3©º¤�®�²³Ì\µ�¨3¦²¹®SÄu¨3®@£�¨3¯G²¹®á£�¤�¨Uì�¨3»¹¯�Ö�Ô�×=Ï��MÖu×kØkÎã7Ü�Ï�î�Ü�ÖQ�wÜ�ѺκÏ�î�ÙgØ�×kØkÏ�ÙDù �\ÿ/ûN©3¥�®±§7¨µ�¦�¨/¯Ê£�ªÛ²³¯P¨°®@£�²â¶�ÅÊ©°ªu«M¼

«Eªu®½�¥�£�£�¨3¬�®g¦Ã¥�®�¯¬�¨°½�»³¥u©°¨�£�¤�¨°« ·Ã²´£�¤»´¨/¦�¦rª\§SÄ@²¹ª\µ�¦?ª\®�¨3¦°¿¢}®£�¤�¨&»¹²¹®�Éu¨/¯U»¹²³¦¸£r©°¥\¦�¨uÇP¶�ªu¬Ã¨�Á�¥u«E½�»¹¨�ÇS·H¨&«E²¹¾u¤@£H¬�¨°½�¬�¨/¦�¨3®\££�¤�¨H¦�£�¥�®g¯�¥�¬º¯&»¹²¹¦�£'¯�¥R£º¥�¦�£�¬�µ�© £�µ�¬�¨t·Ã²´£�¤¥Ã»¹¨3¦�¦'©°ªu«E«Eªu®�ªu®�¨�Ǧ�µ�©º¤¥\¦Ã©�µ�¬º¦�ªu¬º¦H²¹®@£�ªM¥�®­¥u¬�¬º¥aÅMª�¶�¨3»¹¨°«E¨°®@£º¦�¿

\ � ¤ � � Ô  ���¨ ¦ ð³ñ �¦@�-©\�R¦u�  @�ºõöò ñ¾(®�¨Mª�¶H£�¤�¨E«Eª@¦¸£&¨�ø;¨3©�£�²¹Äu¨Jåk¥u®�¯G¨�ÁP½7¨°®�¦�²¹Äu¨/çN£�¬º¥�®g¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�¼£�²¹ª\®�¦�²¹¦M×5ÖuÒ°èâÑEسÙ7×=Ñ°Ü=ã7Ü�Ñ°×5Ö�×1ØkÏRÙ�¿ à ßr¤�¨M²³¯P¨3¥�²³¦(£�ª­©�ª\®@Ä\¨°¬�£�¥¦�¨3© £�²¹ªu®Ûªu¶�©°ªS¯�¨Jå=Âu¥aÄR¥�§SÅ\£�¨3©°ªS¯�¨+²¹®üªuµ�¬�©°¥\¦�¨aç(²´®@£�ª¥ÊÐRØ Ó½Ó�Ñ°Ü�Ñ�Ù7×�ÄS²¹¬�£�µ�¥�»P«U¥\©º¤�²¹®�¨Ã©�ªP¯P¨u¿-ßr¤�²³¦]®�¨°·$©�ªP¯P¨N²³¦-£�¤�¨°®E¨°ÁP¨�¼©�µ�£�¨3¯§@Å�¥ÃÄS²¹¬�£�µ�¥u»�«U¥u©º¤�²¹®�¨-²¹®@£�¨3¬�½�¬�¨�£�¨°¬'²¹®�©°»¹µ�¯P¨3¯�·Ã²´£�¤&£�¤�¨ªu§�¶�µ�¦�©3¥R£�¨3¯�¥u½�½�»¹²³©°¥�£�²¹ªu®_¿Ï¾(§SÄS²¹ªuµ�¦�»¹Å�Ç/¥(½�¥u¬�£�²¹©°µ�»³¥�¬%¥u½�½�»¹²³©°¥�¼£�²¹ª\®G©3¥�®á©�ªu®@£º¥�²¹®ü¦�¨°Ä\¨°¬º¥�»-²¹®\£�¨°¬�½�¬�¨�£�¨3¬�¦°Ç'¨3¥\©º¤G¥\©°©°¨°½P£�²´®�¾¥¯P²´ø;¨°¬�¨°®@£»³¥�®�¾\µ�¥�¾\¨M¥u®�¯á¨�ÁP¨/©�µP£�²´®�¾J¥Û¯P²´ø7¨3¬�¨3®\£�¦�¨3©�£�²¹ªu®áªu¶£�¤�¨�ªu§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�¨/¯�¥u½�½�»¹²³©°¥R£�²¹ªu®_¿

ÆP²´®g©�¨U£�¤�¨°¬�¨d²³¦�µ�¦�µ�¥�»¹»¹Åü¥u®Èªu¬º¯P¨°¬�ª�¶�«U¥u¾u®�²´£�µ�¯P¨U¦�»´ªR·r¼¯PªR·Ã®G¶�ªu¬�¨/¥u©º¤G»¹¨°Äu¨3»]ª�¶r²¹®\£�¨°¬�½�¬�¨�£�¥�£�²¹ªu®'Ç7£�¤�²³¦&£�¬º¥�®g¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�¼£�²¹ª\®Û¦�¤�ªuµ�»³¯­§7¨�¬�¨3¦�¨°¬�Äu¨/¯¶�ªu¬�¦�¨3© £�²¹ªu®�¦�ª�¶H©°ªS¯�¨£�¤g¥R£�«U¥�É\¨µ�½D¥Û¦�«U¥�»¹»]½�¥�¬�£�ªu¶Ã£�¤�¨�£�ªu£�¥u»H¬�µ�®@£�²¹«E¨Eªu¬+·Ã¤�²³©º¤Ê®�¨3¨3¯È¥1 Ù ë0áþ��+ü�ê·é¬àT�âánã�áÌ��áÿ û�ü�ç�é�è6�éû þ'ê·û þ��Âê·ë0û üqé��0ê �

���

Page 14: masters.donntu.orgmasters.donntu.org/2008/fvti/protivenskiy/library/articles/taxonomy.pdf · !"$#%& ' #' "( )+*-,/.1032/.54768)+9;:1:=@,/A)+:547,3BDCE*-9;FG

Äu¨°¬�ÅU¤�²¹¾\¤d»¹¨°Ä\¨°»;ª�¶-½�¬�ª�£�¨/© £�²´ª\®_¿

\ � ¤ � \ ��ó�ó§Éq¦\ó;ô ñ ó�  ñ ��Û�©�¦@�}  ñ ó��¾(®�©�¨ü·H¨ü¤�¥aÄu¨Û©°ªu®�¦�£�¬�µ�©�£�¨3¯�¦�ª\«E¨­ªu½�¥\Ì\µ�¨mÄR¥�¬�²¹¥u§�»¹¨3¦M·�¨©°¥�®Dµ�¦�¨¥u»¹¾u¨°§�¬�¥u²¹©M»³¥a·N¦�£�ªÊ¥u¯�¯±¬�¨3¯Pµ�®�¯�¥�®@£Mªu½7¨°¬º¥�®�¯�¦�£�ª¥�¬�²â£�¤�«E¨�£�²³©�¨°ÁP½�¬�¨/¦�¦�²¹ªu®�¦°¿%ßr¤�²³¦'·Ã²¹»¹»u²¹®�©°¬�¨/¥u¦�¨-£�¤�¨*À Ý «E¨°£�¬�²³©R¿¾(§@ÄS²¹ªuµg¦�»¹Å�Ç-£�¤�²³¦�£�¨3©º¤�®�²¹Ì@µ�¨�·Hª\¬�ÉP¦�§g¨/¦¸£E·Ã²´£�¤^²¹®\£�¨°¾\¨°¬�¨°ÁS¼½�¬�¨/¦�¦�²¹ªu®�¦N·Ã¤�¨°¬�¨®Sµ�«E¨°¬�²³©°¥u»'¥u©°©°µ�¬º¥u©�Å�²³¦Ã®�ª�£&¥�®m²³¦�¦�µ�¨�¿N¢}®£�¤�¨Ãª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥R£�¨3¯�¦¸£º¥R£�¨3«E¨°®@£ åCñdäCæ §g¨3»¹ªR·È·H¨r«U¥uÉu¨?µg¦�¨�ª�¶;¥�®ªu½�¥\Ì\µ�¨ÄR¥�¬�²¹¥u§�»¹¨ 9 ·Ã¤�ª@¦�¨�ÄR¥�»¹µ�¨�²³¦��u¿N¢}®m¦¸£º¥R£�¨°«E¨°®@£ å�ðräCæ·H¨+©�ªu®g¦¸£�¬�µ�©�£(¥�®DÏ�ã�Ö-?°Ô�Ñ�ÕºÔ�ÒºÑx��ã7Ü�Ñ�ÕºÕºØkÏ�Ù 9=å#æ ·Ã¤�ª\¦�¨ÄR¥�»¹µ�¨²¹¦MÿS¿ ¾(§SÄS²¹ªuµ�¦�»¹Å�Ç�·�¨J©°¥�®±»´¨°£ 9 ¥�®g¯ æ £�¥uÉu¨dª\®^¯P²´ø;¨°¬�¨°®@£Äa¥u»¹µ�¨3¦(¯Pµ�¬�²´®�¾M£�¤�¨�¨�ÁP¨3©°µP£�²¹ªu®Jªu¶]£�¤�¨�½�¬�ª\¾u¬º¥�«JÇ�¥\¦N»¹ªu®�¾U¥\¦£�¤�¨3²´¬�Ì@µ�ª�£�²´¨3®@£?²³¦Hÿ�·Ã¤�¨°®�¨3Äu¨°¬�¦¸£º¥R£�¨°«E¨°®@£ åxðräCæ ²³¦?¬�¨/¥u©º¤�¨/¯;¿åäñnæ�çVï6ç:£6è éå�ðQæ�énï6ê:£Tñ é

ëì åäñdäNæëç%ï1ç:£6è ª 9 ¢ Ý éå�ðräNæBé ï1ê:£�å 9 ¢ °�ì å#æ ¢díZî ° æ å ð é

\ � ¤ ��ï ¥  \�} �¨g¨ ¦^¨éõñð0¦vftò;óº¦ÀNµP£�ªu«U¥R£�²³©�½�¥u¬�¥u»¹»´¨3»¹²´à/¥R£�²âª\®�²³¦r¥�®d²¹«E½7ªu¬�£�¥u®\£r©�ª\«E½�²¹»´¨3¬?ª\½P¼£�²¹«E²¹à3¥R£�²¹ªu®Mµ�¦�¨3¯E£�ª�²¹®�©°¬�¨/¥u¦�¨Ã£�¤�¨�½7¨°¬�¶�ªu¬�«U¥�®g©�¨�ªu¶�¥�½�½�»¹²¹©3¥R¼£�²¹ªu®�¦%¬�µ�®�®�²¹®�¾Ãªu®�«+µ�»´£�²´¼5½�¬�ªS©°¨3¦�¦�ª\¬�«U¥\©º¤�²¹®�¨3¦°¿q¾(µ�¬%¬�¨3¥\¦�ª\®�¦¶�ªu¬Ã·r¥�®@£�²¹®�¾�£�ªE½�¥u¬�¥u»¹»´¨3»¹²´à3¨Ã¥�½�¬�ª\¾u¬º¥�«JÇSª�¶�©°ªuµ�¬º¦�¨�Ç�¥�¬�¨�¯P²´¶³¼¶�¨°¬�¨°®@£°¿HÍG¨·r¥�®@£r£�ªd²´®g©�¬�¨3¥u¦�¨�½�¥�¬º¥�»¹»¹¨°»¹²³¦�« ®�ª�£Ã£�ªE²¹®�©�¬�¨3¥\¦�¨½g¨3¬�¶�ª\¬�«U¥u®�©�¨uÇ�§�µP£N£�ªEªu§�¦�©�µ�¬�¨�£�¤�¨�¥u© £�µ�¥�»;ýgªR·8ªu¶-©°ªu®@£�¬�ªu»=¿ßr¤�¨°¬�¨�¥�¬�¨(£¸·�ªM½gª@¦�¦�²¹§�»¹¨�ª\½g¨3¬�¥�£�²¹ªu®�¦�¥aÄR¥�²¹»³¥�§�»¹¨Ã£�ªMµ�¦4®��¿rÍG¨©°¥u®È©�¬�¨3¥R£�¨U¯Pµ�«E«+Åm½�¬�ªP©�¨3¦�¦�¨3¦&£�¤�¥R£+½g¨3¬�¶�ª\¬�« ®�ª

µ�¦�¨�¶�µ�»_£º¥u¦�É7Ç�¥�®�¯ÿS¿Ã·H¨�©3¥�®�¦�½�»¹²´£r¥+¦�¨3Ì@µ�¨°®@£�²¹¥u»7¦�¨3©�£�²¹ªu®�ª�¶'£�¤�¨¥�½�½�»¹²¹©3¥R£�²´ª\®

©�ªP¯P¨�²¹®@£�ª+«�µ�»â£�²¹½�»¹¨�¦�¨/© £�²´ª\®�¦�¨�ÁP¨3©°µP£�²¹®�¾M²¹®d½g¥�¬º¥�»¹»¹¨°»=¿¢5¶?£�¤�¨+¥u½�½�»¹²³©°¥R£�²¹ªu®J²³¦N¬�µ�®�®�²¹®�¾�ªu®ü¥¦�²´®�¾u»¹¨�¼5½�¬�ªS©°¨3¦�¦�ª\¬H«U¥�¼©º¤�²¹®�¨�Ç?·�¨J©°¥�®^¨�ÁP½7¨3© £+£�¤�¨3¦�¨�£�¬�¥u®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ª\®�¦�£�ªG¤�¥aÄu¨¥¦�²¹¾u®�²âì7©°¥�®@£-¨�ÁP¨3©°µP£�²¹ª\®�£�²´«E¨r½7¨°®�¥u»´£¸Å�¿]ßr¤�²³¦-«U¥aŧg¨(¥u©°©°¨°½P£�¼¥�§�»¹¨Û²¹®�«U¥u®SÅY¦�²´£�µ�¥�£�²¹ªu®g¦�Ç�¦�²¹®�©�¨­£�¤�¨á¬�¨/¦�²¹»¹²¹¨°®�©°¨Jª�¶£�¤�¨3¦�¨£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²´ª\®�¦�²³¦N¤�²¹¾u¤�®r¦�£�¥�£�²³©�¥�®�¥u»¹ÅS¦�²³¦rª�¶]½�¥u¬�¥u»´»¹¨3»_½�¬�ªu¼¾u¬º¥�«U¦r²³¦ÃÄu¨3¬�ůP²´ÞU©�µ�»´£�¦�²´®g©�¨�£�¤�¨�®Sµ�«�§7¨°¬�ª�¶]½gª@¦�¦�²¹§�»¹¨(¨°ÁS¼¨3©�µ�£�²¹ªu®Ê½�¥�£�¤�¦£�¤�¬�ªuµ�¾u¤È¥­½�¬�ªu¾\¬�¥u«í¾\¬�ªR·N¦�¨°ÁP½gª\®�¨°®@£�²³¥u»´»¹Å·Ã²â£�¤M£�¤�¨�®@µ�«�§7¨°¬tªu¶_¨�ÁP¨3©°µP£�²¹®�¾&½�¬�ªP©�¨3¦�¦�¨3¦°¿"»]¥u¬�¥u»´»¹¨3»´²´à3¥�£�²´ªu®¥�»³¦�ªáÅS²¹¨°»³¯�¦+¤�²¹¾u¤Y»¹¨°Ä\¨°»³¦+ª�¶&½gªu£�¨3®�©�Å�®G¥á¬�¨°Ä\¨°¬º¦�¨J¨3®�¾u²¹®�¨3¨°¬·Ã²´»¹»_ìg®�¯m¥E½�¥u¬�¥u»¹»´¨3»_½�¬�ªu¾u¬º¥�« «�µ�©º¤J«Eª\¬�¨¯P²´ÞU©�µ�»â£�£�ªUµ�®�¼¯P¨°¬º¦¸£º¥�®�¯d£�¤g¥�®­¥M¦�¨/Ì\µ�¨°®@£�²³¥�»;ª\®�¨�¿

À ¦�¨/© £�²´ª\®Eª�¶�©°ªP¯P¨�©3¥�®�§g¨�¨3¥\¦�²¹»¹Å�½�¥u¬�¥u»¹»´¨3»¹²´à3¨3¯�²â¶'²´£Ã©�ª\®P¼£�¥�²¹®�¦(®�ª¯�¥R£º¥d¯P¨3½g¨3®�¯P¨°®g©�²¹¨3¦+å³Íáªu»´¶�¨Jù �j�aû³ç ¿���ªu¬�¨�Á�¥u«E½�»¹¨�Dzⶠè Ý ¥�®�¯ è ° ¥�¬�¨N£¸·�ª+¯�¥�£�¥�¼=²¹®�¯P¨3½g¨3®�¯P¨3®\£Ã¦�£�¥R£�¨°«E¨3®\£º¦t£�¤�¨°Å©°¥�®J§7¨�¬�µ�®�²¹®½�¥�¬º¥�»¹»¹¨°»�®

® 5® ß ® 5

ëì ® ß

¢}®±¥Û½�¬�ª\¾u¬º¥�«E«E²¹®�¾�»¹¥u®�¾uµg¥�¾u¨M»¹²¹Éu¨dÂ\¥aÄR¥J£�¤�¥�£�¤�¥\¦®�ªü¨�ÁS¼½�»¹²³©�²´£?½�¥u¬�¥u»¹»´¨3»�©�ª\®�¦�£�¬�µ�© £º¦�ÇS½�¬�ªu¾u¬º¥�«U¦t·Ã²´»¹»g¤�¥aÄu¨�£�ª+§g¨&½�¥u¬�¼¥�»¹»¹¨°»¹²¹à°¨/¯mµ�¦�²¹®�¾Û©3¥�»¹»³¦&£�ªü£�¤�¬�¨3¥\¯�å�»¹²¹¾u¤@£¸·�¨°²¹¾u¤@£&½�¬�ªS©°¨3¦�¦�绹²â¼§�¬º¥�¬�²¹¨3¦°¿

À�¦�¨3©�£�²¹ªu®Êªu¶(©�ªP¯P¨�£�¤�¥�£U©�ªu®@£º¥�²¹®�¦�¯�¥R£�¥ü¯P¨°½7¨°®g¯P¨°®�©°²¹¨3¦©°¥u®$§g¨ü¦�½�»¹²´£U²¹®@£�ªÈ©�ª\®�©�µ�¬�¬�¨°®@£E£�¤�¬�¨/¥u¯�¦E§SÅD²¹®�¦�¨3¬�£�²¹®�¾G¥u½P¼½�¬�ªu½�¬�²³¥R£�¨r¦�ÅS®�©º¤�¬�ªu®�²¹à/¥R£�²¹ª\®½�¬�²´«E²´£�²´Ä\¨3¦�¦�µg©º¤U¥u¦ á-Älálââ5 ¥�®�¯á1�1�Vá»ã/. ) ù �j�aû1¿dÆSµg©º¤á¥½�¬�ªu¾\¬�¥u«�·Ã²´»¹»-¨3¦�¦�¨°®@£�²³¥�»¹»¹Åd§7¨E¬�µ�®P¼®�²¹®�¾&¦�¨/Ì@µ�¨°®@£�²³¥u»´»¹ÅuÇ/§�µ�£]£�¤�¨rý�ªR·^ª�¶_©�ª\®\£�¬�ª\»S·Ã²´»¹»@§g¨N¦�¤�²´¶³£�²¹®�¾¶�¬�ªu« ª\®�¨&£�¤�¬�¨3¥\¯U£�ª+£�¤�¨�®�¨°ÁS£'®

® 5® 1

® ßëì

&I�G4&)(�9?&I�G4&)(�9?® ß ® 5 &)S'&'2-1 @�ò A®D1&)S'&'2-1 @�ó A

\ � Ó � §º§ �[¦ §  @� õéò ñNÔ �}  ñ �Ø}ò@�hgd @� õéò ñ �»t¬�ªu¾\¬�¥u«E«E¨°¬º¦%ªRÄ\¨°¬º©�ª\«E¨?£�¤�¨�²¹®�¤�¨3¬�¨3®@£H©�ª\«E½�»¹¨�ÁP²´£¸Å�ª�¶'½�¬�ª�¼¾u¬º¥�«E«E²¹®�¾G§SÅ$²¹®\£�¬�ªP¯Pµg©�²¹®�¾È¥�§g¦¸£�¬�¥\© £�²¹ª\®�¦�¿ëßr¤�¨°¬�¨Û²³¦d¥u§P¼¦�£�¬º¥u© £�²¹ªu®Gªu®á«U¥�®SÅm»¹¨°Ä\¨°»³¦�ª�¶Ã¥J½�¬�ªu¾u¬º¥�«JÇ'§�µP££�¤�¨Mã7Ü�Ï/κÑ4½ÐRÔPÜ�ÖRè'¥�§g¦¸£�¬�¥\© £�²¹ª\®Û²³¦&£�¤�¨U«Eª\¦�£�²´«E½7ªu¬�£�¥u®@£�ª\®�¨�¿ ��ªu¬£�¤�²³¦¬�¨3¥u¦�ªu®'Ç�ªu§�¦�©�µ�¬�²¹®�¾M½�¬�ªS©°¨3¯Pµ�¬�¨�¥�®g¯J«E¨�£�¤�ªS¯J©3¥�»¹»³¦H²³¦Ãªu¶�£�¤�¨µP£�«Eª\¦�£�²¹«E½gª\¬�£º¥�®�©°¨M£�ªÛ£�¤�¨ªu§P¶�µg¦�©3¥R£�ª\¬°¿ ¬�¨°»¹ªR·&Ç-·H¨�·Ã²´»¹»©�ª\®�¦�²¹¯�¨°¬�¦�¨°Ä\¨°¬º¥�»N·r¥aÅP¦U²¹®�·Ã¤�²³©º¤$«E¨°£�¤�ªP¯�¦¥�®�¯�«E¨�£�¤�ªS¯²¹®SÄuªP©°¥�£�²¹ªu®�¦Ã©3¥�®m§7¨+ªu§�¦�©�µ�¬�¨3¯²®N²´®�»´²¹®�²¹®�¾�Ç�ªuµP£�»¹²´®�²´®�¾�Ç�²¹®@£�¨3¬�¼»¹¨3¥aÄS²¹®�¾�Ç@¥�®�¯�©�»¹ªu®�²¹®�¾�¿�ßr¤�¨�§�¥u¦�²³©Ã²³¯P¨3¥�§g¨3¤�²¹®�¯U¥u»´»7ª�¶%£�¤�¨/¦�¨²³¦�£�¤�¨Ã¦�¥�«E¨�®?åM�/ç�©�ªP¯P¨r·Ã¤�²³©º¤�£�¤�¨r½�¬�ªu¾\¬�¥u«E«E¨°¬'¥�¾\¾u¬�¨°¾@¥R£�¨/¯²¹®@£�ªN¥r«E¨�£�¤�ªP¯Eå�½�¬�¨3¦�µ�«U¥u§�»¹Åçg¨/©°¥�µg¦�¨]²´£%»¹ªu¾\²³©°¥�»¹»¹Å?§7¨°»¹ª\®�¾u¨/¯£�ª\¾u¨°£�¤�¨3¬ºç�¦�¤�ª\µ�»³¯ü§7¨d§�¬�ª\Éu¨°®áµ�½È¥u®�¯Ê¦�©°¥R£�£�¨3¬�¨/¯áªRÄu¨°¬&£�¤�¨½�¬�ªu¾\¬�¥u« ¥u®�¯Ëå1ÿuçM©°ªP¯P¨J·Ã¤�²³©º¤^¦�¨°¨°«U¦Ù;Ï�×�£�ªá§7¨°»¹ªu®�¾Û£�ª�¼¾u¨°£�¤�¨3¬N¦�¤�ªuµ�»³¯U§7¨¥�¾\¾u¬�¨°¾@¥R£�¨/¯E²¹®@£�ªMªu®�¨&«E¨°£�¤�ªP¯;¿

\ � Ó � ï ð¹ñ ¨ õ ñ ¦J  ñ ó×Û�ôS�4¨ õ ñ ¦ � ¦\� Õ ò;ó��¢}®�»¹²¹®�²¹®�¾m²³¦°Ç?ª�¶(©°ªuµ�¬º¦�¨�ÇH¥ü²¹«E½gª\¬�£º¥�®@£�©�ª\«E½�²¹»¹¨°¬ª\½P£�²¹«E²¹à3¥�¼£�²¹ª\®_¿�¢5£�²³¦�¥u»¹¦�ª­¥�®á¨�ÁS£�¬�¨3«E¨°»¹Å­µ�¦�¨�¶�µ�»Hªu§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�²¹ªu®ü£�¬º¥�®g¦¸¼¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ªu®�¦�²¹®�©°¨?²´£�¬�¨°«EªRÄ\¨3¦_½�¬�ªP©�¨/¯Pµ�¬º¥�»S¥�§�¦�£�¬º¥u©�£�²¹ªu®g¦;¶�¬�ª\«£�¤�¨+½�¬�ª\¾u¬º¥�«J¿¢}®�»¹²¹®�²¹®�¾U²³¦&¥¤�²¹¾u¤�»¹Å¬�¨/¦�²¹»¹²¹¨°®@£N£�¬º¥�®g¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�¼£�²¹ª\®±å�²´£&²¹¦(¨3¦�¦�¨°®@£�²³¥�»¹»¹ÅüÏ�Ù7Ñ'½Y�?ÖRä°çºÇ�¦�²¹®�©°¨�ªu®g©�¨�¥�½�¬�ªP©�¨3¯�µ�¬�¨©°¥u»¹»_¤�¥u¦Ã§7¨°¨3®J¬�¨3½�»³¥u©�¨/¯U·Ã²´£�¤£�¤�¨§7ªS¯�Ådª�¶�£�¤�¨�©°¥u»´»¹¨/¯U½�¬�ª�¼©�¨/¯Pµ�¬�¨Ã¥�®�¯£�¤�¨Ã½�¬�ªP©�¨/¯Pµ�¬�¨H²´£�¦�¨°»´¶�¤�¥\¦-§g¨3¨°®+¬�¨3«EªRÄu¨/¯;Ça£�¤�¨3¬�¨²³¦r®�ª+£�¬º¥u©°¨�ªu¶%£�¤�¨¥�§�¦�£�¬º¥u©�£�²¹ªu®d»´¨°¶³£N²¹®d£�¤�¨©�ªP¯P¨u¿

¾(µ�£�»¹²¹®�²¹®�¾Gå�£�µ�¬�®�²¹®�¾m¥­¦�¨3Ì@µ�¨3®�©�¨Eªu¶Ã¦�£�¥�£�¨3«E¨°®@£�¦�²¹®@£�ª­¥¦�µ�§�¬�ªuµP£�²´®�¨/çò³¦(¥UÄu¨3¬�ÅJµ�¦�¨�¶�µ�»-©°ªu«E½�¥u®�²¹ªu®�£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ªu®£�ª²¹®�»¹²¹®�²¹®�¾�¿���²¹¾uµ�¬�¨��+�d¦�¤�ªR·N¦(¤�ªR· ½�¬�ªP©�¨3¯�µ�¬�¨/¦�� ¥u®�¯õô¥�¬�¨d²¹®�»¹²¹®�¨/¯Ê¥R£+£�¤�¨3²´¬E©3¥�»¹»´¼5¦�²´£�¨3¦°Ç�¥u®�¯Ê£�¤�¨°®D¬�¨°«EªRÄu¨/¯G¶�¬�ª\«£�¤�¨U©�ªP¯P¨�¿dÆSµ�§�¦�¨/Ì@µ�¨°®@£�»¹ÅuÇ%·H¨E©°¬�¨/¥R£�¨M¥§gª\¾uµ�¦&½�¬�ªP©�¨/¯Pµ�¬º¥�»¥�§g¦¸£�¬�¥\© £�²¹ª\®§SŨ�ÁS£�¬º¥u©�£�²¹®�¾�£�¤�¨r§7¨°¾u²¹®�®�²´®�¾�ª�¶dôX­ ¦]©�ªP¯P¨Ã¥�®�¯£�¤�¨�¨°®�¯ª�¶��X­ ¦�©�ªP¯P¨&²¹®\£�ªE¥�®�¨°·�½�¬�ªP©�¨/¯Pµ�¬�¨kö�¿

�°ú

Page 15: masters.donntu.orgmasters.donntu.org/2008/fvti/protivenskiy/library/articles/taxonomy.pdf · !"$#%& ' #' "( )+*-,/.1032/.54768)+9;:1:=@,/A)+:547,3BDCE*-9;FG

9&�5�5�÷<ø ¼ ì�ú9&�5�5Ïùhø p ì�ú p:ú¼ ß¼ 5¼ 1

p 5$$$p:úp ß

$$$¼ ß¼ 5¼rû ¼rû

¼ =°�°�°

p 5p ßp ú�ü ß°�°�°p 5

p:úp ß

9&�5�5�ý°�°�°

¼ ß¼ 5¼ û°�°�°

LM('5'2M('? 6 84145'2M('?

¼Mþ *�9�.)I4?

p þ *Y9�.)I4?ý þ *�9�.)I4?

cedgf+h�iPk l ��mV»·y^pgdgy^dgy^f�r'y_��x+hjwPpgdgy^dgyjf wRiMr�y^t[{�x�iP��r4wPdsx�y^t�¢}®±ª\§�Á¸¨3©�£�¼5ªu¬�²¹¨°®@£�¨/¯á»¹¥u®�¾uµg¥�¾u¨/¦¦�µ�©º¤±¥u¦MÂ\¥aÄa¥�Çt²¹®�»¹²´®�²´®�¾

«U¥aÅ�ÇS²´®U¶k¥u© £3ÇP®�ª�£Ã¥�»¹·r¥aÅS¦t§g¨&¥¶�µ�»´»¹Å+ªu®�¨°¼=·r¥aÅ�£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R¼£�²¹ªu®_¿ « ª\®�¦�²³¯P¨3¬H¥�«E¨�£�¤�ªP¯U²¹®SÄuªP©°¥�£�²¹ªu®RÿÖ¼ �Eå=线?ßr¤�¨&¥u©�£�µ�¥u»½�¬�ªP©°¨3¯Pµ�¬�¨r©°¥�»¹»¹¨3¯·Ã²´»¹»S¯P¨°½7¨°®g¯�ª\®£�¤�¨Ã¬�µ�®P¼1£�²¹«E¨t£¸ÅS½g¨rªu¶=ÿü¿¢}®d©°¥\¦�¨/¦]·Ã¤�¨°®E«Eª\¬�¨r£�¤�¥�®Eª\®�¨N«E¨°£�¤�ªP¯E©°¥u®E§g¨�²´®SÄ\ªuÉu¨/¯�¥�£¥N½�¥u¬�£�²¹©°µ�»³¥�¬%©3¥�»¹»\¦�²´£�¨uÇa·�¨?¤g¥aÄu¨t£�ª�²¹®�»¹²¹®�¨t¥�»¹»\½gª@¦�¦�²¹§�»¹¨t«E¨�£�¤P¼ªS¯�¦�ù �aû7¥u®�¯E¦�¨°»¹¨3©�£]£�¤�¨�¥u½�½�¬�ªu½�¬�²³¥R£�¨r©°ªP¯P¨N§SÅ�§�¬º¥�®g©º¤�²¹®�¾&ªu®£�¤�¨�£¸Å@½7¨ªu¶rÿ åk¦�¨°¨o��²¹¾\µ�¬�¨Y�3ú@线Nê�¨°®�©°¨�Ç;¨°Äu¨3®m¥R¶³£�¨°¬�²¹®�»¹²¹®P¼²´®�¾�¥�®g¯Û¬�¨°«EªRÄR¥�»�ª�¶?«E¨°£�¤�ªP¯�¦°Ç_£�¤�¨�ª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥R£�¨3¯ü©�ªP¯P¨M«U¥aŦ¸£�²´»¹»_©�ª\®@£�¥�²¹®¦�ª\«E¨�£�¬�¥\©�¨3¦rªu¶%£�¤�¨�ªu¬�²¹¾u²¹®�¥�»7¥�§�¦�£�¬º¥u©�£�²¹ªu®g¦�¿

9�.)I4?�,'.-%95�&'*�* ò���� p9�.)I4?�,'.-%95�&'*�* ó���� p9&�5�5Óùbø p ì�ú

LM('5'2M('? ù?$�1�<E'?���95�&'*�* óù?$�1�<E'?���95�&'*�* ò

s tts

cedgf�hjiPk¢l��jm »·y^pgdgy^dgy^f ��k-wP�^x�� v�r'pgpst����yjpgktRt?Úqk×vr�y t[wMr'wPd�Ñvr�pgp��X��k)wPk)iP��dgy^k�wP�jk w�����k¿x�{��jr�pgp���x+tRtRdg�jpsk���k)wP�^x���tÏwPx�Ú¿�^dgv-�� ������� ��vx�h^ps�o��kÂ��x�h^y^�o��hjt[w���kÂdgy^pgdgy^k��or'w¿wP�^k�v�r�pgp�tRd�wPk+�

\ � Ó � ¤ ð³ñ �¦@�M¨ ¦\ ^Ú�¦ � ¦\� Õ ò;ó��ßr¤�¨d¯P¨°£�¨3©�£�²¹ªu®áªu¶�سÙ7×=Ñ°Ü èâѺÖQ¶RѺÐGκÏ/ÐuѲ¹¦�¥�®á²¹«E½gª\¬�£º¥�®@£&¥u®�¯¯P²´ÞE©°µ�»´£Ã¬�¨3Äu¨°¬º¦�¨�¨°®�¾u²¹®�¨°¨3¬�²¹®�¾�£�¥\¦�É7¿¿ õ�¾@¥�§7¨°¬ù ÿ��/û%·Ã¬�²´£�¨/¦4®

� Ù7ÑmÏ�Ó­×���Ñ�Ó�ÖuÎ3×=Ï�ܺÕm×���Ö�×�κÖRÙ��MÖ�_uÑüÖ�ã7Ü�Ï�îuÜ�ÖQ�ÐRØ �YÎ�ÔPèâ×�×5ÏMÔPÙ;ÐuÑ°ÜºÕ ×5ÖRÙ;ÐEعÕ×���Ö�×rκÏ3Ð\Ñ�Ü�Ñ Õ=ã�ÏRÙ�ÕºØkÒ°èâÑÓ�ÏRÜ�Ö\Î�κÏ��Nã;èéعÕ-�SسÙ@î��EÏRÜ�Ñ�×���ÖRÙÛÏRÙ;Ñ�ã;ÔPÜ=ã�ÏRÕ�Ñ��MÖ�äÒºÑ��?Ï�¶aÑ°ÙG×5Ï�î\Ñ3×���Ñ�Ü�سÙGÖEÕ Ø³Ù@îuèâÑÕ°Ñ�Î3×1ØkÏRÙ����­Ñ�κÖ�è³è×��PعÕò´®@£�¨°¬�»´¨/¥aÄS²´®�¾�� ����� �

��²¹¾\µ�¬�¨ �0�&¦�¤�ªR·N¦-¤�ªR·^·�¨N©°¥u®+¨/¥u¦�²¹»´Å&²¹®@£�¨3¬�»¹¨3¥aÄ\¨t£¸·�ª�«E¨�£�¤P¼ªS¯�¦�¯P¨/©�»³¥�¬�¨3¯á²¹®á£�¤�¨¦�¥�«E¨U©°»³¥u¦�¦�¿üßr¤�¨�²³¯P¨/¥­²³¦�£�ªü«E¨°¬�¾u¨£�¤�¨�§7ªP¯P²¹¨3¦r¥�®�¯d½�¥�¬º¥�«E¨°£�¨3¬H»¹²³¦¸£º¦tªu¶%£�¤�¨�«E¨°£�¤�ªP¯�¦r¥u®�¯�¥\¯�¯¥�®¨�ÁS£�¬º¥+½�¥�¬º¥�«E¨°£�¨°¬&å�ª\¬r¾u»¹ªu§�¥u»;Äa¥u¬�²³¥u§�»¹¨/ç�£�ªM¯�²¹¦�©�¬�²¹«E²¹®�¥R£�¨§g¨°£¸·H¨3¨°®Y©°¥�»¹»³¦�£�ªÛ£�¤�¨J²¹®�¯P²¹ÄS²¹¯�µ�¥�»t«E¨°£�¤�ªP¯�¦°¿±¢¸¯P¨/¥�»¹»¹Å�Ç]£�¤�¨

«E¨�£�¤�ªP¯�¦�¦�¤�ªuµ�»³¯ü§g¨U¦�²¹«E²¹»¹¥u¬N²¹®ü®g¥R£�µ�¬�¨+£�ªm¥u»¹»´ªR·Ú«E¨3¬�¾\²¹®�¾ª�¶�©�ªu«E«Eª\®Ê©�ªP¯P¨J¥�®�¯Ê½g¥�¬º¥�«E¨�£�¨°¬º¦�¿áßr¤�²³¦�²³¦£�¤�¨­©°¥\¦�¨d²´®��²¹¾uµ�¬�¨o�0�SÇP·Ã¤�¨3¬�¨�£�¤�¨(ìg¬�¦�£Ã½�¥�¬º¥�«E¨°£�¨°¬�ª�¶�� ñ ¥�®�¯�� ð ¤�¥aÄu¨£�¤�¨¦�¥u«E¨�£¸ÅS½7¨�¿

\ � Ó � Ó f�¨éò ñ ¦ � ¦u� Õ ò7ó��Í�¤�¨3®M£�¬�Å@²¹®�¾�£�ª�µ�®�¯P¨3¬�¦�£�¥u®�¯�£�¤�¨Ã½�µ�¬�½7ª\¦�¨Ãª�¶_¥�¦�µ�§�¬�ª\µP£�²¹®�¨¥¬�¨3Äu¨3¬�¦�¨�¨3®�¾u²¹®�¨3¨°¬�·Ã²¹»´»-ªu¶�©�ª\µ�¬º¦�¨+¨�Á�¥�«E²¹®�¨�²´£�¦�¦�²´¾\®�¥R£�µ�¬�¨¥�®g¯­§gªP¯PÅu¿êNªR·�¨°Äu¨3¬°Ç;¨3Ì@µ�¥u»¹»´Å�²¹«E½gª\¬�£º¥�®@£Ã£�ª�µ�®�¯P¨3¬�¦�£�¥u®�¯S¼²¹®�¾­£�¤�¨d§7¨°¤�¥aÄS²¹ªu¬�ªu¶Ã£�¤�¨�¬�ª\µP£�²¹®�¨U¥u¬�¨U£�¤�¨¯P²´ø7¨3¬�¨3®\£¨3®SÄ@²´¼¬�ªu®�«E¨3®\£º¦?²¹®�·Ã¤�²³©º¤d²´£�²³¦H§g¨3²¹®�¾+©3¥�»¹»¹¨3¯;¿�ÍG¨�©3¥�®«U¥�Éu¨N£�¤�²³¦½�¬�ªP©�¨3¦�¦E«Eª\¬�¨m¯P²´ÞU©�µ�»â£U§SÅDªu§P¶�µg¦�©3¥R£�²¹®�¾È¥È«E¨�£�¤�ªS¯²­ ¦�©°¥�»¹»¦�²â£�¨3¦-£�ª«U¥�É\¨Ã²´£?¥�½�½7¨3¥u¬t£�¤g¥R£H¯P²´ø;¨°¬�¨°®@£?¬�ªuµP£�²¹®�¨3¦]¥u¬�¨N§7¨°²¹®�¾©°¥u»¹»´¨/¯;ÇS·Ã¤�¨°®_Çg²´®�¶k¥u©�£°Ç�£�¤�²³¦r²³¦H®�ª�£Ã£�¤�¨©°¥u¦�¨�¿

��²¹¾uµ�¬�¨Y���M¦�¤�ªR·N¦r¤�ªR·8·H¨©3¥�®­©�¬�¨3¥�£�¨�¦�¨3Äu¨3¬�¥u»'¯P²´ø7¨3¬�¨3®\£Äu¨3¬�¦�²¹ªu®�¦�ªu¶Ã¥m«E¨�£�¤�ªS¯G§SÅá¥�½�½�»¹ÅS²¹®�¾J¯P²´ø7¨3¬�¨3®\£+¦�¨°£�¦�ªu¶rª\§P¼¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�²¹®�¾M£�¬º¥�®g¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®�¦?£�ªU£�¤�¨�ªu¬�²´¾\²¹®�¥�»;©�ªP¯P¨u¿�Íá¨�µg¦�¨«E¨�£�¤�ªP¯�¯P²³¦�½�¥R£º©º¤&£�ª&¦�¨3»¹¨3© £�§g¨°£¸·H¨3¨°®�£�¤�¨r¯P²´ø7¨3¬�¨3®@£�Ä\¨°¬º¦�²¹ªu®g¦¥R£N¬�µ�®@£�²¹«E¨u¿

�m¨�£�¤�ªS¯Û©�»¹ªu®�²¹®�¾+²³¦N¦�²´«E²¹»³¥�¬?£�ªE£�¤�¨�½�¬�¨/¯P²³©°¥R£�¨&²´®g¦�¨3¬�£�²´ª\®£�¬º¥�®g¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®�¦(²¹®z��²¹¾uµ�¬�¨ ��£�Ç�¨°ÁP©°¨°½P£�£�¤�¥R£�¤�¨°¬�¨E·H¨U¥u¬�¨µ�¦�²¹®�¾Û«E¨°£�¤�ªP¯È¯P²³¦�½�¥R£º©º¤È¬º¥R£�¤�¨°¬�£�¤�¥u®±ªu½g¥uÌ@µ�¨½�¬�¨/¯P²³©°¥�£�¨3¦£�ªU¦�¨°»¹¨/© £r§g¨°£¸·H¨3¨°®­¯P²´ø7¨3¬�¨3®@£�Ä\¨°¬º¦�²¹ªu®g¦?ªu¶�£�¤�¨©�ªP¯P¨u¿

\ � Ó � e [@ò;ò�© Ô �}  ñ �Ø5òS�hgd \� õéò ñ �À »¹¥u¬�¾\¨�®Sµ�«�§7¨°¬(ª�¶?»¹ªSªu½J£�¬�¥u®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ª\®�¦r¤�¥aÄu¨�§g¨3¨°®ü¯�¨�¼¦�²´¾\®�¨3¯&·Ã²´£�¤�£�¤�¨H²¹®\£�¨°®@£%£�ª�²¹«E½�¬�ªRÄu¨�£�¤�¨H½7¨°¬�¶�ªu¬�«U¥�®�©°¨]ª�¶%åk²´®½�¥u¬�£�²¹©°µ�»³¥�¬ çH®@µ�«E¨°¬�²¹©3¥�»_¥�½�½�»¹²¹©3¥R£�²´ª\®�¦°¿ÃÆS¨3¨�¬r¥u©°ªu®Èù ÿ/û�¶�ª\¬(¥©�ª\«E½�¬�¨°¤�¨3®�¦�²¹Ä\¨M¦�µ�¬�Äu¨3Å�¿GÆSª\«E¨Uª�¶Ã£�¤�¨3¦�¨U£�¬�¥u®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ª\®�¦¥�¬�¨Uµ�¦�¨�¶�µ�»H£�ªÛµ�¦+¦�²´®g©�¨E£�¤�¨°ÅÈ¥u»¹¦�ª­²¹®�©�¬�¨3¥\¦�¨M£�¤�¨�©°ªu«E½�»¹¨°Á@¼²´£¸Å�«E¨°£�¬�²³©°¦rª�¶tß�¥�§�»¹¨��u¿! %Ï/Ï�ã#"NèâÏ/ÎZ_�سÙ@îå¯��²¹¾uµ�¬�¨��Q�Påk¥@ç�çr²³¦µ�¦�¨3¯d£�ª+²¹«E½�¬�ªRÄ\¨r£�¤�¨�©3¥u©º¤�¨�§g¨3¤�¥aÄS²¹ªu¬?ªu¶�¥�»¹ª@ª\½U§SÅE§�¬�¨3¥�É@¼²¹®�¾Mµ�½£�¤�¨�²â£�¨°¬º¥R£�²´ª\®d¦�½�¥u©°¨&¦�ªM£�¤g¥R£Ã£�¤�¨²¹®�®�¨°¬Ã»¹ªSªu½dì�£�¦N²´®£�¤�¨�©°¥\©º¤�¨�¿$ %Ï/Ï�ãÈÔPÙgÜ�ÏRè³èéسÙSîUå·��²¹¾\µ�¬�¨��Q�Påk§gç�ç�¬�¨°½�»¹²³©°¥�£�¨/¦?£�¤�¨§7ªS¯�Åmª�¶H¥»¹ªSªu½mª\®�¨+ªu¬&«Eªu¬�¨�£�²¹«E¨/¦�¿¢5¶H£�¤�¨M»¹ªSªu½Û§7ªuµ�®�¯�¦¥�¬�¨mÉS®�ªR·Ã®�¥�£©�ª\«E½�²¹»¹¨d£�²´«E¨m£�¤�¨ü»´ªSª\½�©°¥�®$§7¨Ûµ�®�¬�ª\»¹»´¨/¯²¹®J²â£º¦Ã¨°®@£�²´¬�¨�£¸Åu¿% �Ï3Ϻã��tÕ�Õ ØkÏ�ÙÛå¯��²¹¾uµ�¬�¨Y�0��åk©3ç�ç�£�µ�¬�®�¦�¥M»´ªSª\½

�+�

Page 16: masters.donntu.orgmasters.donntu.org/2008/fvti/protivenskiy/library/articles/taxonomy.pdf · !"$#%& ' #' "( )+*-,/.1032/.54768)+9;:1:=@,/A)+:547,3BDCE*-9;FG

.1,ná +#+'& çà ) 5-Å 2 � � ñ å m ñ áQæ©çè)(�*Ý ° ����� è)(+*, °êà ) 5-Å 2 � � ð å m ñ 3 é m ðU.læ�çè)(�-Ý ° ����� è)(.-/ °ê

ê

ç & ß ïDã ) Ä & éß ¨ � ñ6å�áQæ é ß ¨ � ð�å 3 � .læ é ê

ëì

.1,%á +#+0& äÖçà ) 56Å 2 � � å m ñ á é m ð . é âäã*5 ^ æ�çâ»í®å ^ ¹+¹ J æ©ç è)(+*Ý ° ����� è)(+*, ° ê) , +-) ç è)(.-Ý ° ����� è)(.-/ ° êê

ê

ç & ä ß ïDã ) Ä & ä éß ¨ � åxár� .�� ^ ¢ I æ éß ¨ � å 3 � .�� ^ ¢ g æ é ê

cedgf�hjiPkYl��QmQ»�yQwPk)iPpgk�r���dsyjfY��k)wP�jx��jt��H�yNx+�^r+�Qh^k��+r4iPd�r'�^pgk21 dst��^r�tRtRk��UwPxowP�^k dgyQwPk)iPpgk�r��0k�����k)wP�^x���wPx��jdgtRv)iPdg��dgy_r4wPk���k)w8ÚqkkyUv�r�pgpgtwPx435�r�y^�63�7�� P"�jk)iPk�dgt��x�{Ïvx+h�iPtRk+�ºy^x'wP�^dgy^f�t[wPx+�j�^dgy^f�hjt {�iPx�� ��k)iPf�dgy^f�wP�^k���x��jdgkt�dgy�pgktRt�x�����dgx+hjt*Ú"r���t����x+tRtRdg�jpg�Yh^tRdgy^f�tRk�0k)iMr'px��_r���hjkÂ�jiPk���dgv�r'wPktRß @ |81�}Mm �:9<; �Yß ß |81�}=�ÈØ?>A@ßCBEDEFGB ØH>8IßKJ 9<; �Yß 5 |81�}=�ÈØ?>A@5 BEDEFGB Ø?>8I5 JML+L+L �

.1,%á +#+0& çà ) 56Å 2 �¢à åNâäã:5 ß æç è Ý ����� è , êê

ç &Uß ï�ã ) Ä & éß ¨ àGå�îlæ é ����� ß ¨ àGå+Nlæ éê

ëì

.1,%á +#+'& ñ(çà ) 56Å 2 �§à åNâäã:5 ß æç èn�Ý ����� èn�, êà ) 56Å 2 �§à[ñ åNâCã*5 ß æç èPOÝ ����� èPO, êê

.1,%á +#+'& ðtâäã#Å )67 ââ5 +Q& ñ©çà ) 56Å 2 �§à åNâäã:5 ß æç èw�Ý ����� èw�, êê

ç & ñ ß éâ�í å �hi æ ß ïDã ) Ä & ñ ) , +-)¦ß ïDã ) Ä & ð éß ¨ àGå�îQæ é ����� é ß ¨ à<ñTå+NQæ éê

cedgf�hjiPk�l�F�mÏnqpgx+yjdgy^f���k)wP�^x���t��RE7HSTSUor'y_�4RV5WSXSY�5��^r4�+k���k)ky�f+kyjk)iMr'wPk����Q��r'�^�jpg��dgy^f���dñzºk-iPkyQwqx��j{�hjtRv�r'wPdgyjf�wRiMr'y^t[{�x'iP��r'wPdgx+yjtqwPxÂwP�^k��x����Xx'{ZR�SXSUº�-P"�^k�v�r'pspgt �\[ �U��^]_� ��r�y_� �\[ �U�5��a`_�\��psxQx�~Yr't d�{²wP�^k-�2Úqk)iPk���r+�jk wPx w8Ú"x���d{zºk)iPkyQw���k)wP�^x���t� Ú¿�jdspgk�dgyX{�r'v)w�wP�jk)��f+x wPx��d{zºk)iPkyQwRѯpsxQx�~�dsyjf ��k)wP�jx��jt�Ú¿d�wP�Yds�jkyQwPdgv�r'p���k�^r���dgx'i��)Rb5WSXSUYdgt�r��^hjf+f����0k-iPtRdsx�yYx�{�R�SXSUXwP�_r4w¿dgt yjk�0k)i¿v�r'pgpsk���·Ã²â£�¤+¥&©°ªu«E½7ªuµ�®�¯�§gªP¯PÅ�²¹®\£�ª�¦�¨°Ä\¨°¬º¥�»@»¹ª@ª\½�¦�·Ã²´£�¤�£�¤�¨N¦�¥�«E¨²â£�¨°¬º¥R£�²´ª\®d¦�½�¥u©°¨�¿

ÀN»¹»�£�¤�¬�¨°¨á£�¬�¥u®�¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®g¦d²¹®�©°¬�¨/¥u¦�¨Û£�¤�¨§À Ý ¥u®�¯tÀ °«E¨�£�¬�²³©°¦°Ç@¦�²¹®�©�¨�£�¤�¨3ÅU²¹®�©�¬�¨3¥\¦�¨Ã£�¤�¨&¦�ª\µ�¬�©°¨(¥u½�½�»¹²³©°¥R£�²¹ªu®²­ ¦�£�ªu¼£�¥�»g©�ªP¯P¨N¦�²´à3¨�¥u®�¯+®Sµ�«�§7¨°¬-ªu¶;©°ªu®�¯P²´£�²´ª\®�¦°¿�ßr¤�¨r»¹ª@ª\½�§�»´ªP©ºÉ@¼²´®�¾ü£�¬�¥u®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ª\®á¥u»³¦�ªG²¹®\£�¬�ªP¯Pµg©�¨3¦+¨°Á@£�¬�¥ü®�¨/¦¸£�²´®�¾�Ç�¥u®�¯¤�¨°®�©°¨¥�»³¦�ª�²¹®�©�¬�¨3¥\¦�¨/¦H£�¤�¨+À à «E¨�£�¬�²³©�¿

ÀN½�½�»¹²´¨/¯U²¹®²¹¦�ªu»³¥�£�²¹ªu®_Ç\£�¤�¨&¬�¨3¦�²¹»´²¹¨3®�©�¨Nªu¶%£�¤�¨3¦�¨&£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�¼«U¥R£�²¹ª\®�¦�²³¦Ì@µ�²´£�¨U»¹ªR·&¿m¢5£M¯PªS¨3¦®�ª�£�¬�¨3Ì@µ�²¹¬�¨E«�µg©º¤á¦�£�¥�£�²³©¥�®�¥u»´ÅP¦�²³¦�¶�ªu¬M¥Û¯P¨3ªu§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�ª\¬�£�ª±Ü�Ñ°Ü�ÏRè³è�¥�®Èµ�®�¬�ª\»¹»´¨/¯G»´ªSª\½_¿êNªR·�¨°Äu¨3¬°Ç_·Ã¤�¨3®G£�¤�¨+£�¬º¥�®g¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®�¦�¥�¬�¨+©°ªu«+§�²¹®�¨3¯;Ç;£�¤�¨¬�¨/¦�²¹»¹²¹¨°®�©°¨­¬�²³¦�¨3¦d¯�¬�¥u«U¥R£�²³©3¥�»¹»¹Å�¿ ��ªu¬¨�Á�¥�«E½�»´¨uÇ�¾u²¹Ä\¨°®$£�¤�¨¦�²¹«E½�»¹¨U»¹ªSªu½^²´® ��²´¾\µ�¬�¨��0��å�§gç ÇH·�¨©°ªuµ�»³¯Èì�¬�¦�£E¥�½�½�»¹Åʵ�®�¼¬�ª\»´»¹²¹®�¾�ÇH£�¤�¨°®�ìg¦�¦�²¹ªu®_Ç�¥u®�¯Yì�®g¥�»¹»¹Å±§�»¹ªP©ºÉS²´®�¾�¿ è°£�µ�¬�®�²¹®�¾£�¤�¨U¬�¨3¦�µ�»´£�²¹®�¾�»¹ª@ª\½Û£�ª­²´£�¦&ªu¬�²¹¾u²¹®�¥u»'¶�ªu¬�«í·�ªuµ�»¹¯Û¬�¨/Ì@µ�²¹¬�¨M¥¶k¥�²¹¬Ã¥�«Eªuµ�®\£Ãªu¶�¥�®g¥�»¹ÅP¦�²³¦]¶�ª\¬r£�¤�¨¯�¨°ªu§�¶�µ�¦�©3¥R£�ªu¬3¿

\ � e Û��}óº¦S�}õ ñ_§×Ô �¸  ñ �Ø5òS�hgd @�ºõöò ñ �»t¬�ªu¾\¬�¥u«E«E¨°¬º¦P£�¨°®�¯�£�ªNªu¬�¾\¥u®�²¹à°¨�£�¤�¨3²¹¬%¦�ª\µ�¬º©�¨t©�ªP¯P¨-£�ªN«U¥RÁS¼²¹«E²¹à°¨²´£�¦+èâÏ/κÖRèéØ�×1äa¿Ußr¤�¨M²³¯P¨3¥�²³¦�£�¤�¥R£¥�½�¬�ªu¾u¬º¥�«�²³¦�¨3¥\¦�²¹¨°¬£�ªJ¬�¨3¥\¯Û¥�®g¯Ûµ�®g¯P¨°¬º¦¸£º¥�®�¯ü²´¶t£¸·�ª�²´£�¨3«U¦(£�¤�¥�£�¥u¬�¨+»¹ªu¾\²¹©3¥�»¹»¹Å¬�¨°»³¥R£�¨3¯+¥�¬�¨r¥u»³¦�ª�½�¤SÅP¦�²³©°¥u»¹»´Å�©°»´ª@¦�¨�²¹®+£�¤�¨�¦�ªuµ�¬�©°¨H£�¨�ÁS£°¿tßr¤�²³¦ÉS²¹®�¯�ªu¶g»¹ªP©°¥u»´²´£¸Å(·Hª\¬�ÉP¦�ªu®+¨°Ä\¨°¬�Å�»´¨3Äu¨3»@ªu¶�£�¤�¨N¦�ª\µ�¬º©�¨�®%£�¤�¨3¬�¨²³¦N»¹ªP©°¥u»´²´£¸ÅE¥�«Eª\®�¾M£�¨3¬�«U¦N·Ã²â£�¤�²¹®­¨�ÁP½�¬�¨3¦�¦�²¹ª\®�¦�Ç�¦�£�¥�£�¨3«E¨°®@£�¦·Ã²´£�¤�²¹®�§�¥u¦�²³©t§�»¹ªP©ºÉP¦�Ç�§�¥\¦�²³©?§�»¹ªS©ºÉP¦�·Ã²´£�¤�²¹®�«E¨°£�¤�ªP¯�¦°Ç�«E¨�£�¤P¼ªP¯�¦r·Ã²´£�¤�²¹®©�»³¥u¦�¦�¨/¦�ÇP©�»³¥\¦�¦�¨3¦?·Ã²â£�¤�²¹®Uì�»¹¨/¦�ÇP¨�£º©R¿?À�»´»_ÉS²¹®�¯�¦�ªu¶¦�½�¥R£�²¹¥u»R»¹ªS©3¥�»¹²´£¸Åé°¥�®&½�¬�ªRÄS²³¯P¨-µ�¦�¨°¶�µ�»\©°»¹µ�¨3¦7£�ª�¥r¬�¨3Äu¨3¬�¦�¨�¨3®�¾u²´¼®�¨3¨°¬3¿Eßr¤�¨°¬�¨�¶�ªu¬�¨�Ç�·Ã¤�¨°®�¨3Äu¨3¬�½7ª\¦�¦�²´§�»´¨uÇ'·H¨M¬º¥�®�¯�ªu«E²¹à°¨�£�¤�¨½�»³¥u©°¨°«E¨3®\£�ª�¶�¥�®SÅá²´£�¨3« ²¹®Ê£�¤�¨J¦�ª\µ�¬�©°¨�¥u½�½�»¹²³©°¥R£�²¹ªu®_¿���ªu¬¦�ªu«E¨N£¸ÅS½7¨3¦�ª�¶�²â£�¨°«U¦�å�«E¨°£�¤�ªP¯�¦�·Ã²´£�¤�²¹®d©°»³¥u¦�¦�¨/¦�Ç\¶�ªu¬r¨�Á�¥�«M¼½�»¹¨/ç(£�¤�²³¦&²³¦�£�¬�²´ÄS²³¥�»=¿M¢}®áª�£�¤�¨°¬�©3¥u¦�¨3¦Måk¦�µ�©º¤È¥u¦�¦�£�¥�£�¨3«E¨°®@£�¦·Ã²´£�¤�²¹®Y§�¥\¦�²³©§�»¹ªP©ºÉS¦ºçM¥È¯�¥�£�¥Ê¯P¨3½g¨3®�¯P¨3®�©�Å$¥�®g¥�»¹ÅP¦�²³¦Jåk¦�¨°¨

���

Page 17: masters.donntu.orgmasters.donntu.org/2008/fvti/protivenskiy/library/articles/taxonomy.pdf · !"$#%& ' #' "( )+*-,/.1032/.54768)+9;:1:=@,/A)+:547,3BDCE*-9;FG

åk¥@ç í 267 å�â»ïTñd�Nâ-Æ ïDã �Nââ£#£:æí 267 å Ç ï:ñd� Ç Æ ï»ã � Ç £#£QæádcxâV� ÇVe ï 3 c Ç �Nâ e

ëìí 267 å<f»ïTñd�gf6Æ ïDã �gf�£%ï#¡ Ì æí 267 å�hDïTñd��h#ÆDïDã ��h6£nï:¡ Ì æí 2-7 åNâ»ï�fÖ�Nâ6Æ ï�àIâäã*å<f�£1¡#Ír�¸ãIæd�Nââ£1£:æí 267 å Ç ïWh�� Ç ÆDï�àKâäã*å�h6£:¡6Ír�YãIæd� Ç £6£:æádc�âV� ÇVe ï 3 c Ç �Nâ e

å�§gç í 267 å�â»ïVðr�Nâ-Æ<åÌã?iQñ æÖ�Nââ£1£Qæájcxâ e £%ï ádcxâbiQñ e ª ádcxââ£Tñ e

ëìí 267 åNâ»ï%ðr�Nâ6Æ<åYã?inðQæÖ� â�£%ïnðQæ´çádcxâ e £nï�ádc�âbiQñ e ª ádcxâ�£Tñ e�éádcxââ£Tñ e £%ï ádcxâ e ª ádcxâ�£%ð e�éê éâ�í å%ånåÌã?inðQæ#ktðQæ ï%ï ñnæádc�ã�iQñ e £%ï ádc�ã?i ð e ª ádcrã e

åk©/çí 267 å�â»ïTñd�Nâ-Æ�ã �Nâ�£1£:æ´çájcxâ e £%ï . éß cxâ�£Qâ e ï#�#£ ß c�â�£Tñ e ª ájcxâ eê

ëì í 267 å�â»ïTñd�Nâ-Æ�ã �Nâ�£1£:æájcxâ e £%ï . éí 267 å�â»ïTñd�Nâ-Æ�ã �Nâ�£1£:æß cxâ�£Qâ e ï#�#£ ß c�â�£Tñ e ª ádcxâ e

cedgf�hjiPk�l ��m�Î�xQx+��wRiMr�yjt[{�x'iP��r'wPdgx+y�k)Òjr����jpgkt��Î�xQx����jpgxQv-~�dgy^f�|`rQ}M�_psxQx��UhjyjiPx�pspgdgy^f�|���}M��r�y^�YpgxQx+��u_tRtRdgx+y�|�v'}M�*P"�jktRk�k-Ò^r'���^pgkt-Ú"k)iPkr��^r'�jwPk��o{�iPx+�ml Í<n`�

ù ÿPÇÏ���aû�ç&·Ã²¹»¹»]¤�¥aÄu¨+£�ª­§g¨U½7¨°¬�¶�ªu¬�«E¨3¯Û£�ªü¯P¨�£�¨°¬�«E²´®�¨�·Ã¤�²³©º¤¬�¨3ªu¬º¯P¨°¬�²¹®�¾\¦H¥�¬�¨�»¹¨3¾\¥�»=¿

ßr¤�¨/¦�¨ü£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ªu®�¦M¤�¥aÄ\¨Û»¹ªR·�½gªu£�¨3®�©�Å å�£�¤�¨3Å�¯Pª®�ª�£�¥\¯�¯Û«+µ�©º¤Gªu§�¦�©�µ�¬�²´£¸Å£�ª£�¤�¨E½�¬�ª\¾u¬º¥�«dçN§�µP£�£�¤�¨°²¹¬�¬�¨°¼¦�²¹»¹²¹¨°®�©°¨�²³¦&¤�²¹¾u¤'Ç�²¹®ü«U¥u®SÅÛ©°¥\¦�¨/¦UÏRÙ7Ñ'½Y�?ÖRäa¿=��ªu¬�¨�Á�¥u«E½�»¹¨�Ƿä�¨°®£�¤�¨�½�»³¥u©�¨3«E¨°®@£Hªu¶�¦�£�¥�£�¨°«E¨3®@£�¦�·Ã²´£�¤�²¹®J¥�§g¥u¦�²¹©�§�»¹ªP©ºÉ¤�¥u¦�§7¨°¨°®�¬�¥u®�¯Pª\«E²´à3¨3¯;Ç/£�¤�¨°¬�¨H·Ã²¹»¹»u§7¨H®�ª�£�¬�¥\©�¨3¦�ª�¶�£�¤�¨rªu¬�²¹¾�¼²´®g¥�»_ªu¬º¯P¨3¬�»¹¨°¶³£r²¹®�£�¤�¨�¬�¨3¦�µ�»´£�²¹®�¾+©�ªP¯P¨u¿

¾(¬º¯P¨°¬�²¹®�¾�£�¬�¥u®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ª\®�¦H©3¥�®J§7¨½�¥�¬�£�²³©°µ�»³¥�¬�»´ÅMµ�¦�¨�¶�µ�»©�ªu«E½g¥�®�²¹ªu®g¦�£�ªG£�¤�¨ ³º¢}®�»¹²¹®�¨�¼M¾(µP£�»´²¹®�¨+´£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ªu®áª�¶ÆS¨3©�£�²¹ªu®=��¿ ��¿��u¿(ßr¤�¨�½7ª�£�¨°®�©°Å­ª�¶]£�¤�¥R£(£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²´ª\®�©3¥�®§g¨�¨°®�¤�¥u®�©�¨/¯á§SÅDåM�/ç�²¹®�»¹²¹®�²¹®�¾¦�¨3Äu¨°¬º¥�»?½�¬�ªP©°¨3¯Pµ�¬�¨U©°¥u»¹»¹¦&²¹®¥E½�¬�ªS©°¨3¯Pµ�¬�¨��+Ç-å1ÿuçì�¥u®�¯Pªu«E²¹à3²´®�¾£�¤�¨ªu¬º¯P¨°¬Ãªu¶-£�¤�¨�¦�£�¥�£�¨°¼«E¨°®@£�¦d²´® �+Ç�¥�®�¯ å·�\çUªuµP£�»´²¹®�²¹®�¾Ê©°ªu®@£�²¹¾uµ�ªuµ�¦U¦�¨3©�£�²¹ªu®g¦Eª�¶�X­ ¦E¦�£�¥�£�¨°«E¨3®@£�¦°¿Yßr¤�²³¦+·r¥aÅ�ÇHµ�®�¬�¨3»³¥R£�¨/¯±¦�£�¥�£�¨°«E¨3®@£�¦�£�¤�¥�£·H¨3¬�¨&½�¬�¨°ÄS²¹ªuµ�¦�»¹Å�½g¥�¬�£rªu¶�¦�¨°Ä\¨°¬º¥�»_¯P²´ø7¨3¬�¨3®@£r½�¬�ªP©�¨/¯Pµ�¬�¨3¦r¥�¬�¨§�¬�ª\µ�¾u¤@£r£�ª\¾u¨°£�¤�¨3¬Ã²´®@£�ª�§7ªu¾\µ�¦r½�¬�ªS©°¨3¯Pµ�¬�¥u»;¥u§�¦�£�¬º¥u© £�²¹ªu®�¦°¿

¢}®Ê©�¨3¬�£º¥�²¹®G©3¥u¦�¨3¦�²´£²³¦�¥�»³¦�ª�½gª@¦�¦�²¹§�»¹¨�£�ª­¬�¨3ªu¬º¯P¨°¬&»¹ªSªu½�¦°Ç¶�ªu¬Ã¨�Á�¥u«E½�»¹¨N§SÅE¬�µ�®�®�²¹®�¾�£�¤�¨°« §�¥u©ºÉS·r¥�¬º¯�¦�¿]ÆSµ�©º¤GèâÏ/Ï�ãGÜ�Ñ4½¶aѰܺհÖRè £�¬�¥u®�¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®g¦7¥u¬�¨t©°ªu«E«Eª\®�²¹®&¤�²¹¾u¤P¼5½g¨3¬�¶�ª\¬�«U¥u®�©�¨©�ªu«E½�²´»¹¨3¬�¦(ù ÿRû1¿

ï Ö� @�   Ô �}  ñ �Ø}òS�hgU @� õéò ñ �¢}®�£�¤�²³¦Ã¦�¨/© £�²´ª\®d·�¨&·Ã²´»¹»;¯P²³¦�©°µ�¦�¦?£�¬�¥u®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ª\®�¦]£�¤�¥R£Nª\§P¼¦�©°µ�¬�¨H£�¤�¨r¯�¥R£�¥�¦�£�¬�µ�© £�µ�¬�¨/¦%µg¦�¨/¯�²¹®�£�¤�¨Ã¦�ª\µ�¬�©°¨�¥u½�½�»¹²³©°¥�£�²¹ªu®_¿À�¦�²¹®�¯P²³©°¥�£�¨3¯²¹®���²¹¾uµ�¬�¨��@å�¨/ç Ç_·H¨+©�»³¥u¦�¦�²´¶�Åd£�¤�¨/¦�¨�£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�¼«U¥R£�²¹ª\®�¦r¥u¦N¥�ø7¨/© £�²¹®�¾+£�¤�¨EÕ�×=Ï�Ü�Ö°î@Ñ�Ç-Ñ°Ù7κÏ3Ð�سÙ@î�Ç-Ö3î3îuÜ�Ñ5î\Öu×kØkÏ�Ù�Ǫu¬�ÏRÜ�ÐuÑ°Ü Ø³Ù@î�ªu¶%£�¤�¨¯�¥R£º¥P¿

ï:� ï o � òS�}  § ¦�  ñ ó¡� ñ ¡�ò;ó�õ ñ_§=Ô �}  ñ �Ø5òS�hgd \� õéò ñ �¢}®m«U¥�®SÅJ©°¥u¦�¨3¦Ã£�¤�¨3¬�¨�²¹¦(¥×³º®g¥R£�µ�¬�¥u»�´+·r¥aÅd£�ª�¦�£�ª\¬�¨�¥U½�¥�¬�¼£�²³©�µ�»³¥u¬H¯�¥�£�¥²´£�¨°«þ²¹®d¥½�¬�ª\¾u¬º¥�«J¿Ï��ªu¬r¨�Á�¥�«E½�»´¨uÇu£�ª�²´£�¨3¬�¥�£�¨

£�¤�¬�ª\µ�¾u¤^£�¤�¨Û¨°»¹¨°«E¨3®\£º¦+ª�¶�¥�®$¥�¬�¬�¥aÅá·�¨­½�¬�ªu§�¥u§�»¹ÅÊ·Hª\µ�»³¯©º¤�ªSª\¦�¨­£�ªD¥u»´»¹ªP©°¥�£�¨m¥±»´ªP©3¥�»�²¹®@£�¨3¾u¨3¬UÄR¥�¬�²¹¥u§�»¹¨­ª�¶�£�¤�¨G¥u½P¼½�¬�ªu½�¬�²³¥R£�¨¦�²¹à°¨�¥u¦�£�¤�¨+²´£�¨°¬º¥R£�²¹ªu®JÄR¥�¬�²¹¥u§�»¹¨�¿�¾�£�¤�¨°¬�ÄR¥�¬�²¹¥u§�»¹¨£¸ÅS½g¨/¦?«E²¹¾\¤\£t§7¨�½7ª\¦�¦�²´§�»´¨uÇu§�µP£�£�¤�¨°ÅM·Hª\µ�»³¯M§g¨(»¹¨3¦�¦]®�¥R£�µ�¬º¥�»¥�®g¯�½�¬�ª\§�¥�§�»¹ÅM»¹¨3¦�¦�¨�ÞU©�²¹¨°®@£3¿

��µ�¬�£�¤�¨3¬�«Eª\¬�¨uÇ3£�¤�¨°¬�¨?²³¦%¥u»³¦�ªÃªu¶³£�¨°®�¥X³º®g¥R£�µ�¬�¥u»�´�²¹®@£�¨3¬�½�¬�¨�¼£�¥�£�²¹ªu®dª�¶_£�¤�¨(§�²´£�¼=½�¥�£�£�¨°¬�®�¦t£�¤�¥R£Ã¥½g¥�¬�£�²³©�µ�»³¥u¬]Äa¥u¬�²³¥u§�»¹¨N©°¥�®¤�ª\»¹¯M·Ã¤�²¹©º¤E²³¦?§�¥u¦�¨3¯Mª\®M£�¤�¨(£¸ÅS½g¨(ª�¶_£�¤�¨�ÄR¥�¬�²³¥�§�»¹¨�¿q��ªu¬H¨�ÁS¼¥�«E½�»´¨uÇ@·�¨�·�ªuµ�»¹¯U®�ªu¬�«U¥�»¹»¹Å�¥u¦�¦�µ�«E¨N£�¤�¥R£Ã¥��+�R¼5§�²´£H²¹®@£�¨3¾u¨°¬ÄR¥�¬�²³¥�§�»¹¨$¦¸£�ªu¬�²¹®�¾Ë£�¤�¨Ë§�²´£�¼5½�¥R£�£�¨3¬�® L¾¥#¥#¥1¥#¥#¥#¥#¥1¥#¥#¥#¥ ñnñ ¥#¥ N·�ªuµ�»³¯­¬�¨°½�¬�¨3¦�¨°®@£(£�¤�¨+²¹®\£�¨°¾\¨°¬�Äa¥u»¹µ�¨��aÿS¿X¾�¶H©°ªuµ�¬º¦�¨uÇ;£�¤�¨/¦�¨¥�¬�¨Ã«E¨°¬�¨Ã©�ª\®@Ä\¨°®@£�²¹ª\®�¦]¥�®�¯+ªu£�¤�¨3¬?²¹®@£�¨°¬�½�¬�¨�£º¥R£�²¹ª\®�¦�¥u¬�¨Ã½7ª\¦�¼¦�²´§�»´¨u¿

¾(§�¶�µ�¦�©3¥R£�²´®�¾ Õ�×5ÏRÜ�Ö3î\Ñ £�¬º¥�®g¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®�¦ ¥R£�£�¨°«E½�£ £�ª©º¤�ªSª\¦�¨mµ�®�®�¥R£�µ�¬�¥u»�¦¸£�ªu¬º¥�¾u¨m©°»³¥u¦�¦�¨/¦E¶�ªu¬J¯PÅS®�¥u«E²¹©­¥\¦d·�¨°»¹»¥u¦&¦�£�¥�£�²³©�¯�¥R£�¥�¿EÆP²´«E²¹»³¥�¬�»¹Å�Ç�Ñ°Ù7κÏ/ÐRسÙ@îM£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²´ª\®�¦N¥�£�¼£�¨3«E½P£r£�ªU©º¤�ªSª@¦�¨�µ�®�®�¥�£�µ�¬º¥�»_¨3®�©�ªP¯P²¹®�¾@¦t¶�ª\¬N©�ª\«E«Eªu®d¯�¥�£�¥£¸ÅS½g¨/¦�¿�ÆS£�ªu¬º¥�¾\¨+¥u®�¯ü¨°®�©°ªS¯�²´®�¾d£�¬�¥u®�¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®g¦Nª�¶³£�¨°®á¾uª¤�¥u®�¯S¼5²´®�¼=¤�¥u®�¯;Ç@§�µP£?£�¤�¨°ÅM©°¥u®U¦�ª\«E¨�£�²´«E¨/¦�§g¨(µ�¦�¨/¯M²¹®E²¹¦�ªu»³¥�¼£�²¹ª\®_¿

ï:� ï � ï f Õ   ñ^§ ¦Ö� ñ ¡�ò;ó�õ ñ_§À�¦Ý¥ ¦�²¹«E½�»¹¨ ¨°Á�¥�«E½�»¹¨ ªu¶8¥�® ¨°®�©°ªS¯�²´®�¾ £�¬º¥�®g¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�¼£�²¹ª\® ·�¨ ·Ã²´»¹»�¬�¨°½�»³¥u©°¨�¥u® ²¹®@£�¨3¾u¨3¬ ÄR¥u¬�²³¥�§�»´¨ â §SÅâ � ¹ p Ý �dâ � p ° Çü·Ã¤�¨°¬�¨ p Ý ¥�®�¯ p ° ¥u¬�¨Ú©�ª\®�¦�£�¥�®@£º¦�¿��ª\¬Û¨°ÞE©°²¹¨°®�©°Å�Ç·�¨±©�ª\µ�»³¯8©º¤�ªSª@¦�¨ p Ý £�ª�§7¨±¥$½7ªR·�¨°¬mªu¶£¸·�ª�¿�¢}®Û£�¤�¨M¨�Á�¥u«E½�»¹¨§g¨3»¹ªR·&Ç;·�¨+»´¨°£ p Ý ¹ ��¥u®�¯ p ° ¹ ��®âäã*5 â»ïTñ éÄ1Å6â-, ) å�â Æ.ñ ¥#¥#¥ æ¢ç�����$q%c�â e ����� éâ�£1£ éê

ëìâäã*5 â»ïTñnñ éÄ1Å6â�, ) åNâ6ÆVr ¥1¥ ÍQæ ç�����!qsc»åNâbi1Ílæ å r e ����� éâ�£%ïr éê

¾(§SÄS²´ª\µ�¦�»´ÅuÇ\ªRÄ\¨°¬�ý�ªR· åk¥u®�¯;Ç�²¹®J©°¥u¦�¨�ª�¶%ýgª\¥R£�²¹®�¾�½7ªu²¹®@£ÃÄR¥�¬�²â¼

�0�

Page 18: masters.donntu.orgmasters.donntu.org/2008/fvti/protivenskiy/library/articles/taxonomy.pdf · !"$#%& ' #' "( )+*-,/.1032/.54768)+9;:1:=@,/A)+:547,3BDCE*-9;FG

¥�§�»¹¨3¦°Çm¥u©3©�µ�¬º¥u©°ÅPçȲ³¦�¦�µ�¨3¦±®�¨°¨/¯þ£�ªë§7¨ ¥u¯�¯P¬�¨3¦�¦�¨3¯;¿ Íᨩ�ªuµ�»¹¯Ë¨3²â£�¤�¨°¬ü¯P¨�£�¨°¬�«E²´®�¨ü£�¤�¥R£ü§g¨/©°¥�µg¦�¨Êªu¶+£�¤�¨È¬º¥�®�¾\¨Êª�¶£�¤�¨MÄR¥�¬�²³¥�§�»¹¨ È ²´®üÌ\µ�¨3¦�£�²¹ªu®m®�ªªRÄ\¨°¬�ý�ªR·Ë·Ã²´»¹»�ªP©°©�µ�¬°Ç'ª\¬(·�¨©�ªuµ�»¹¯©º¤�¥u®�¾u¨(£�ªU¥+»³¥�¬�¾u¨3¬?ÄR¥�¬�²³¥�§�»¹¨N£¸ÅS½7¨�¿

ßr¤�¨3¬�¨·Ã²¹»¹»_§7¨�¥+£�¬º¥u¯�¨�¼5ª�øÛ§7¨�£¸·�¨°¨3®­¬�¨/¦�²¹»¹²¹¨°®�©°¨(¥�®g¯J½gªu¼£�¨°®g©�ÅȪ\®±ªu®�¨�¤�¥u®�¯;Çr¥�®�¯D©�ª@¦¸£Mªu®±£�¤�¨Jª�£�¤�¨°¬3¿^À�¦�²´«E½�»´¨¨°®�©°ªS¯�²´®�¾Û¶�µ�®g© £�²¹ª\®D¦�µ�©º¤Y¥u¦ â � ¹�p Ý �:â � p ° ²´®^£�¤�¨¨°ÁS¼¥�«E½�»¹¨�¥u§gªRÄ\¨�Çt·Ã²¹»¹»�¥\¯�¯È»¹²´£�£�»¹¨U¨�ÁS£�¬º¥ü¨�ÁP¨3©°µP£�²¹ªu®È£�²¹«E¨d§�µ�£©°¥�®Y§7¨m¯P¨°ª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�¨3¯^µ�¦�²¹®�¾G©°ªu«E«Eª\®±©�ª\«E½�²¹»´¨3¬�¥u®�¥�»¹ÅP¦�²³¦£�¨3©º¤�®�²³Ì\µ�¨3¦�ù ���SÇgÿRû1¿

ï:� ï � ¤ ¥ �}òQgdòP�¦�tr u�}õé ���¨ ¦u�ßr¤�¨°¬�¨E¥�¬�¨+¥®Sµ�«+§g¨3¬(ªu¶�¦�²´«E½�»´¨+¦¸£�ªu¬º¥�¾\¨£�¬º¥�®g¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®�¦£�¤�¥�£�ã;Ü�ÏQ�EÏ�×5ÑNÄR¥u¬�²³¥�§�»´¨/¦�¶�¬�ª\« ¥U¦�½7¨3©°²³¥�»¹²¹à°¨3¯¦�£�ªu¬º¥�¾\¨©�»³¥u¦�¦£�ªü¥m«Eªu¬�¨E¾u¨°®�¨°¬º¥�»H©°»³¥u¦�¦�¿mßr¤�¨3²´¬�½gªu£�¨°®g©�ÅÊ¥�®�¯È¬�¨/¦�²¹»¹²¹¨°®�©°¨¥�¬�¨U¾u¨3®�¨°¬º¥�»¹»¹Åm»¹ªR·&Ç�§�µP£+µg¦�¨/¯Ê²¹®È©�ªu®�Á¸µ�®�© £�²¹ªu®Ê·Ã²´£�¤Èªu£�¤�¨3¬£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²´ª\®�¦]£�¤�¨°Å©°¥u®�§7¨Ì@µ�²´£�¨&¨�ø;¨3©�£�²¹Äu¨u¿

��ª\¬m¨�Á�¥u«E½�»¹¨�Ç&²´® Â\¥aÄR¥PÇ¥�® ²¹®@£�¨°¾\¨°¬JÄR¥�¬�²³¥�§�»¹¨á©°¥�® §7¨½�¬�ª\«Eª�£�¨3¯Y£�ªY¥u®8²¹®@£�¨3¾u¨3¬áÏ\Ò`¼°ÑºÎ3×�¿ ßr¤�¨Ê¦�¥u«E¨Û²³¦�£�¬�µ�¨áª�¶£�¤�¨Dª�£�¤�¨°¬Ê¦�©°¥�»³¥u¬­£¸ÅS½g¨/¦Û·Ã¤�²³©º¤ ¥u»¹»�¤�¥aÄ\¨^©�ª\¬�¬�¨3¦�½7ªu®�¯P²¹®�¾³º½�¥\©ºÉa¥u¾u¨/¯º´ ©�»³¥u¦�¦�¨3¦°¿ ÆS²¹®�©�¨ Âu¥aÄR¥ ¦�µ�½�½7ªu¬�£�¦ ¾\¥u¬�§�¥u¾u¨©�ªu»¹»¹¨3©�£�²¹ªu®'ÇH£�¤�¨Ûª\§�Á¸¨3©�£�¦�·Ã²´»¹»N§7¨á¥�µP£�ªu«U¥R£�²³©°¥�»¹»¹Åá¬�¨3«EªRÄu¨/¯·Ã¤�¨°®�£�¤�¨3Å¥�¬�¨?®�ª(»´ª\®�¾u¨3¬%¬�¨�¶�¨3¬�¨3®�©�¨/¯;¿�ê�¨°¬�¨?²³¦�¥u®¨�Á�¥u«E½�»¹¨�®âäã*5.â»ï:ñ éÄ1Å6â�, ) åNâ�ÆvuQæ©ç�����wq%cxâ e ����� éâ�£#£ éê

ëìfCã*5.â©ï©ã ) Äxfäã*5-åCñnæ éÄ6Å6â-, ) åNâ ¨ �¥á#,�4 ) ÆyuQæ(ç�����!q%c�â ¨ �¥á#,â4 ) e ����� éâ ¨ �¥á#,�4 ) £#£ éê

¢5£]²³¦�¥u»³¦�ª(½gª@¦�¦�²¹§�»¹¨]£�ª�©º¤�¥u®�¾u¨?£�¤�¨�èéØ Ó�Ñ3×1Ø��MÑ-ªu¶7¥(ÄR¥�¬�²¹¥u§�»¹¨�¿ßr¤�¨�¦�²¹«E½�»¹¨3¦�£H¦�µ�©º¤�£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«Ý£�µ�¬�®�¦r¥+»¹ªS©3¥�»7ÄR¥�¬�²¹¥u§�»¹¨N²¹®@£�ª¥�¾\»´ª\§�¥�»gªu®�¨�·Ã¤�²³©º¤d²³¦?£�¤�¨3®¦�¤�¥u¬�¨/¯E§g¨°£¸·H¨3¨°®�²´®g¯P¨°½7¨°®�¯�¨°®@£½�¬�ªP©°¨3¯Pµ�¬�¨J²¹®@Ä\ªP©°¥R£�²¹ªu®�¦°¿ ��ªu¬E¨�Á�¥u«E½�»¹¨�Ç?²´¶(½�¬�ªP©�¨/¯Pµ�¬�¨3¦��¥�®�¯�ôí§gªu£�¤Y¬�¨°¶�¨°¬�¨°®�©°¨­¥ü»¹ªP©°¥u»r²´®@£�¨°¾u¨3¬MÄa¥u¬�²³¥u§�»¹¨�Ç?¥�®g¯¢�¥�®�¯Rô�©3¥�®�®�ªu£�§7ª�£�¤�§7¨Ã¥u©�£�²¹Äu¨�¥R£�£�¤�¨Ã¦�¥�«E¨t£�²¹«E¨ Ä £�¤�¨°®+£�¤�¨Äa¥u¬�²³¥u§�»¹¨�©°¥u®�§7¨�«U¥u¯P¨�¾u»¹ª\§�¥�»;¥�®�¯¦�¤�¥�¬�¨3¯d§g¨°£¸·H¨3¨°®�£�¤�¨3« ®� 2 ââ� 9 åCæ(çâäã*5 â é ������âU�����ê

� 2 ââ� æ åCæ(çâäã*5{z é �����$z �����ê

ëì

âäã*5 & é� 2 â�� 9 åNæ©ç����� & �����ê� 2 â�� æ åNæ©ç����� & �����ê

ßr¤�²³¦£�¬�¥u®�¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®ü²¹®�©�¬�¨3¥\¦�¨/¦&£�¤�¨ÒÀIÄ�«E¨�£�¬�²³©E¦�²¹®�©°¨U£�¤�¨®@µ�«�§7¨°¬&ª�¶�¾u»¹ªu§g¥�»-¯�¥R£º¥¦�£�¬�µ�©�£�µ�¬�¨3¦&¬�¨�¶�¨3¬�¨3®�©�¨/¯m§SÅv� ¥u®�¯ô ²³¦�²¹®�©�¬�¨3¥\¦�¨/¯;¿

ï:� ï � Ó o ©º¨ õ �|tr u�}õé ���¨ ¦u�¬HªSª\»´¨/¥�®&ÄR¥�¬�²³¥�§�»¹¨3¦;¥u®�¯&ª�£�¤�¨°¬�Äa¥u¬�²³¥u§�»¹¨3¦7ª�¶�¬�¨3¦�£�¬�²³© £�¨/¯�¬º¥�®�¾u¨©°¥�®ü§g¨E¦�½�»¹²´£(²¹®@£�ªU£¸·�ªªu¬&«Eªu¬�¨ÄR¥�¬�²³¥�§�»¹¨3¦°¿&ÍG¨+·Ã²¹»¹»�·Ã¬�²´£�¨= Ù ëQæ�è�áþ���æ ý áþ Í�æ�å+æPê·æPè�ä�û þQæPå��0ü·û þ��¿ü¯ê�áê¯û ý áþQáÿ ��ü·û�üeê·æ ý ë0þ0û\}��QæPüé�èIÍN�w}��QæPè��'û þ���ê¯ëQæ��Qü·æPè �~ ãÏþ+ÿ�æPü�üÏê¯ëQæ�Qè·é ��è�á�ä ý éþ'ê�áû þQüqê¯ëQè�æPá�å0ü�ê·ë0û ü ý áþ�Í�æ¿å0æRê�æPè·ä�û þQæPåÍN��æY�+á�ä�û þ0û þ��Âê¯ëQæ¿ü·ê·áê·û ý¿ý áÿ ÿ¥��è·á�0ë �

¥áÄR¥�¬�²³¥�§�»¹¨}^ ¦�½�»¹²´£E²¹®\£�ª��±ÄR¥u¬�²³¥�§�»´¨/¦MJ Ý 8 ����� 8 J , ¥\¦�^ ¹ù J Ý 8 ����� 8 J , û1¿�ßHÅ@½�²¹©3¥�»¹»¹Å�ÇP£�¤�¨�½7ª�£�¨°®�©°ÅJª�¶]£�¤�²¹¦�£�¬º¥�®g¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�¼£�²¹ª\®E·Ã²´»¹»�¾\¬�ªR·Y·Ã²´£�¤��;¿���®P¶�ªu¬�£�µ�®�¥R£�¨°»¹Å�ÇS¦�ª�·Ã²´»¹»P£�¤�¨(©°ª\¦�£Hªu¶£�¤�¨&£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²´ª\®_Ç@¦�ªM·H¨&µ�¦�µ�¥u»´»¹ÅM¬�¨3¦�£�¬�²¹©�£��d£�ªEÿ�ª\¬��P¿

ß�ªU¥�»¹»¹ªR·$¥MÄR¥�¬�²¹¥u§�»¹¨�^ëª�¶�£¸ÅS½g¨��8£�ªE§7¨¦�½�»¹²â£r²¹®@£�ª�£¸·HªÄR¥�¬�²³¥�§�»¹¨3¦ J¥�®�¯? �ª�¶_£¸ÅS½7¨|� ¬�¨3Ì@µ�²¹¬�¨3¦-µ�¦H£�ª�½�¬�ªRÄS²¹¯�¨r£�¤�¬�¨°¨½�²¹¨3©°¨3¦Ãªu¶t²¹®P¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²´ª\®²®�åP�açN¥M¶�µ�®�© £�²´ª\®��-åñJ 8  �ç�£�¤�¥R£�«U¥�½�¦£�¤�¨�ÄR¥�»¹µ�¨/¦]ª�¶:J�¥u®�¯� �²¹®\£�ª�£�¤�¨�©�ª\¬�¬�¨3¦�½gª\®�¯P²¹®�¾&ÄR¥�»¹µ�¨Ãªu¶×^MÇå1ÿ\ç�¥U¶�µ�®�©�£�²¹ªu®��;å�^�çN£�¤�¥�£�«U¥u½�¦Ã£�¤�¨MÄa¥u»¹µ�¨ª�¶Ã^ ²¹®@£�ªE£�¤�¨©�ª\¬�¬�¨3¦�½7ªu®�¯P²¹®�¾�Äa¥u»¹µ�¨3¦�ª�¶#JE¥�®�¯� @Ç\¥u®�¯�å·�\ç�®�¨3·±ª\½g¨3¬�¥�£�²¹ªu®�¦åk©°ªu¬�¬�¨/¦�½7ªu®g¯P²¹®�¾�£�ª+£�¤�¨&½�¬�²¹«E²´£�²¹Ä\¨�ª\½g¨3¬�¥�£�²¹ªu®g¦tªu®ÄR¥�»¹µ�¨/¦?ªu¶£¸ÅS½g¨2�(çé°¥\¦¸£(²´®£�¨°¬�«U¦Ãª�¶]ªu½7¨°¬º¥R£�²¹ªu®�¦rª\®ÏJÛ¥�®�¯� @¿N¢}®J£�¤�¨¬�¨°«U¥�²¹®�¯�¨°¬�ª�¶Ã£�¤�²³¦�¦�¨3©�£�²¹ªu®Ê·�¨U·Ã²¹»¹»H¥\¦�¦�µ�«E¨M£�¤g¥R£Ó^ ²³¦ªu¶£¸ÅS½g¨�§7ªSªu»¹¨3¥u®_Ç�¥�®�¯�Jm¥�®g¯� +¥�¬�¨�¦�«U¥u»´»7²¹®@£�¨°¾\¨°¬rÄR¥�¬�²³¥�§�»¹¨3¦°¿

��²¹¾uµ�¬�¨ ���gåk¥@ç&¦�¤�ªR·N¦�¥J½7ª\¦�¦�²´§�»´¨M©º¤�ª\²¹©°¨�ªu¶Ã¬�¨3½�¬�¨/¦�¨3®@£�¥R¼£�²¹ª\®�¶�ªu¬�¦�½�»¹²´£%§7ªSªu»¹¨3¥u®�Äa¥u¬�²³¥u§�»¹¨3¦°¿_ßr¤�¨?£º¥�§�»¹¨t²¹®�¯P²³©3¥R£�¨/¦;£�¤g¥R£²´¶ ^ ¤g¥u¦�§g¨3¨°®G¦�½�»¹²´£�²¹®@£�ª�Jü¥�®g¯v @Ç%¥�®g¯­²´¶}Ç%¥R£�¦�ªu«E¨�½gª\²¹®\£²¹®È£�¤�¨J½�¬�ª\¾u¬º¥�«JÇdJ ¹   ¹ £Gª\¬�J ¹   ¹ ��Çt£�¤�¨°®^£�¤g¥R£©�ª\¬�¬�¨3¦�½7ªu®�¯�¦N£�ª}^þ§7¨°²¹®�¾ l á#, +-) ¿&ÆS²¹«E²¹»³¥�¬�»´ÅuÇ�J ¹ £ 8   ¹ �ªu¬nJ ¹ � 8   ¹ £E©�ªu¬�¬�¨3¦�½gª\®�¯�¦?£�ªÏm 7 4 ) ¿÷ ²¹Ä\¨°®�£�¤�²³¦®�¨°· ¬�¨3½�¬�¨/¦�¨3®@£�¥R£�²¹ªu®_ÇN·�¨á¤�¥aÄu¨Û£�ª$¯P¨°ÄS²³©�¨¦�µ�§�¦�£�²´£�µP£�²¹ªu®�¦�¶�ªu¬-£�¤�¨r§�µ�²¹»´£�¼5²¹®§gªSª\»´¨/¥�®�ªu½7¨°¬º¥R£�²¹ª\®�¦Hå Éw�x� �� ��� 线tßr¤�¨&¨/¥u¦�²´¨/¦¸£�·�¥aÅE²³¦r¦�²´«E½�»´Å�£�ªM½�¬�ªRÄS²³¯P¨�¥+¬�µ�®P¼1£�²¹«E¨»¹ªSªuÉSµ�½J£�¥u§�»¹¨�¶�ªu¬(¨3¥\©º¤­ªu½7¨°¬º¥R£�ª\¬°¿�ß�¥u§�»¹¨3¦r¶�ª\¬ É ¥�®�¯ � ¥u¬�¨¦�¤�ªR·Ã®�²¹® ��²´¾\µ�¬�¨����gåk©/çH¥u®�¯áåk¯�ç Ç�¬�¨3¦�½g¨/© £�²¹Ä\¨°»¹Å�¿ ÷ ²´Ä\¨°®d£¸·Hª§7ª@ª\»¹¨3¥�®üÄR¥�¬�²¹¥u§�»¹¨3¦ ^ Ý ¹ ù J 8  /û?¥�®�¯ ^ ° ¹ ù � 8�� û1Çn^ Ý<� ^ ° ²³¦©�ª\«E½�µP£�¨3¯¥u¦ q�� 0 ù ÿ�Jb�   8 ÿE�f� � û=¿¢}®µ��²¹¾uµ�¬�¨ ���gå�¨/çD·�¨ ¦�¤�ªR· £�¤�¨ ¬�¨3¦�µ�»´£Yªu¶á¦�½�»¹²´£�£�²´®�¾£�¤�¬�¨3¨D§7ªSªu»¹¨3¥u® ÄR¥�¬�²³¥�§�»¹¨3¦ qVïdcÌá:ñd��ánð e Ç2� ïsc 3 ñ � 3 ð e Ç�¥�®�¯& ïsc�.Qñd��.nð e ¿^À�®^²¹®@£�¨3¬�¨/¦¸£�²¹®�¾ü¥\¦�½7¨3©�£Mªu¶(ª\µ�¬U©º¤�ª\¦�¨°®^¬�¨3½P¼¬�¨3¦�¨°®@£�¥�£�²¹ªu®D²³¦M£�¤�¥�£U£�¤�¨°¬�¨Û¥�¬�¨m¦�¨3Äu¨3¬�¥u»Ã½gª@¦�¦�²¹§�»¹¨�·r¥aÅP¦M£�ª©�ª\«E½�µP£�¨(£�¤�¨¦�¥�«E¨&§gªSª\»´¨/¥�®�¨�ÁP½�¬�¨3¦�¦�²¹ªu®'¿]Æ@£º¥R£�¨°«E¨°®@£º¦�å¯��­éç¥�®g¯må�ú�­ ç?²¹®���²´¾\µ�¬�¨����gå�¨/ç Ç\¶�ª\¬H¨°Á�¥�«E½�»¹¨�Ç@»¹ª@ª\É�¯P²´ø;¨°¬�¨°®@£°ÇP¥�»´¼£�¤�ªuµ�¾\¤E£�¤�¨3ÅM§gªu£�¤�¥\¦�¦�²¹¾u®Ùl á1, +-) £�ª�¥�Äa¥u¬�²³¥u§�»¹¨�¿�ÆS²¹«E²¹»³¥�¬�»¹Å�Ƿä�²¹»¹¨�¦�£�¥�£�¨3«E¨°®@£�¦�å��_­éçr¥�®�¯áå¯�º­ çN¥�¬�¨&©°ªu«E½�»¹¨°£�¨°»¹ÅE¯P²´ø;¨°¬�¨°®@£°Ç£�¤�¨°Åd§7ª�£�¤­©�ªu«E½�µP£�¨ q§É �;¿ßr¤�¨(½7ª�£�¨°®�©°Å�Ç�¬�¨3¦�²´»¹²¹¨°®g©�¨�Çu¥u®�¯d©°ª\¦�£�ªu¶_£�¤�²³¦H£�¬º¥�®g¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�¼£�²¹ª\®á¥u»¹»]¾u¬�ªR· ·Ã²´£�¤G£�¤�¨U®Sµ�«�§7¨°¬�ªu¶ÃÄa¥u¬�²³¥u§�»¹¨3¦(²´®@£�ª­·Ã¤�²³©º¤£�¤�¨ªu¬�²¹¾u²¹®�¥�»;ÄR¥�¬�²³¥�§�»¹¨(²¹¦�¦�½�»¹²´£°¿rßr¤�¨¬�¨3¦�²¹»´²¹¨3®�©�¨�©°¥�®­§7¨�¶�µ�¬�¼£�¤�¨°¬]¨°®�¤�¥�®�©°¨3¯�§@Å�¦�¨3»´¨/© £�²´®�¾Ã£�¤�¨Ã¨3®�©�ªP¯P²¹®�¾MÖ�×%Ü ÔPÙ�½¸×1Ø��MÑ�¿�¢}®ª�£�¤�¨°¬�·�ªu¬º¯�¦�Ç/£�¤�¨H¬�µ�®P¼=£�²¹«E¨t»¹ªSªuÉ@¼5µ�½�£�¥�§�»´¨/¦'ªu¶���²´¾\µ�¬�¨����gå�§P¼¯�çE¥u¬�¨J®�ªu£d©�ª\®�¦¸£�¬�µg© £�¨/¯^¥�£d©�ª\«E½�²¹»´¨°¼1£�²¹«E¨må�·Ã¤�²³©º¤D·Hª\µ�»³¯«U¥�É\¨&£�¤�¨3« ¦�µ�¦�©�¨3½P£�²¹§�»¹¨�£�ª�¦¸£º¥R£�²³©�¥u®�¥�»¹ÅP¦�¨/¦�çH§�µ�£(§SÅ¥u»¹¾uª�¼¬�²â£�¤�«U¦�²¹®�©�»¹µ�¯P¨/¯U²¹®£�¤�¨�ª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�¨3¯J¥u½�½�»¹²³©°¥R£�²¹ªu®_¿-ßr¤�²³¦�Ç�ªu¶©�ª\µ�¬º¦�¨uÇ/·�ªuµ�»³¯&½�¬�¨°Ä\¨°®@£%µ�¦%¶�¬�ªu« µ�¦�²´®�¾N²¹®P¼=»¹²¹®�¨]©�ªP¯P¨t£�ª(©°ªu«M¼½�µP£�¨�½�¬�²¹«E²´£�²¹Äu¨Nª\½g¨3¬�¥�£�²¹ªu®g¦�Çg¥\¦N¯Pª\®�¨²¹®­¦¸£º¥R£�¨3«E¨°®@£�å¯�º­ çò´®��²¹¾uµ�¬�¨o�+��åk¨/线

ï:� ï � e ftò ñ Ú�¦S�5� o �  @�ºõö¡�� ò ¥ �}ò;¡Q¦@ó7ô��¸ _¨qÖ( \�  Æ@£º¥R£�²³©]¯�¥�£�¥�Ç/½�¥u¬�£�²³©�µ�»³¥�¬�»¹Å�©º¤g¥�¬º¥u© £�¨°¬'¦�£�¬�²¹®�¾\¦°Ç3©�ª\®@£�¥�²¹®�«�µg©º¤µ�¦�¨�¶�µ�»?½�¬�¥u¾u«U¥�£�²³©�²¹®P¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ªu®£�ª­¥¬�¨3Äu¨3¬�¦�¨�¨3®�¾u²¹®�¨3¨°¬3¿+À¦�²´«E½�»´¨�·r¥aÅ�ª�¶_ª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥R£�²¹®�¾¥�¦¸£º¥R£�²¹©Ã¦�£�¬�²¹®�¾�²³¦-£�ª�©�ªu®SÄ\¨°¬�£-²´£²¹®@£�ªÛÖã7Ü�Ï�îuÜ�ÖQ� £�¤�¥�£(½�¬�ªP¯Pµ�©°¨3¦Ã£�¤�¨�¦�£�¬�²¹®�¾�¿Ãßr¤�¨�½�¬�ª\¾u¬º¥�«

���

Page 19: masters.donntu.orgmasters.donntu.org/2008/fvti/protivenskiy/library/articles/taxonomy.pdf · !"$#%& ' #' "( )+*-,/.1032/.54768)+9;:1:=@,/A)+:547,3BDCE*-9;FG

�_åO^�ç �-åñJ 8  �çJ   ^ ÿ�J��  £ £ l á#, +-) ££ � m 7 4 ) �� £ m 7 4 ) ÿ� � l á#, +-) �

��E�T�����H���X� £ �� £ £ �

� � £

��T�X���8�?�A�E� £ � ÿ �

£ � £ £ £� � � � ÿ �

ÿ £ ÿ � �� � £ £ �

� <¡ ���H�A�E� £ � ÿ �

£ � � ÿ �� � � � ÿ ÿ

ÿ ÿ ÿ � �� £ � ÿ £

åk¥@ç åk§gç åk©3ç å1¯�ç

å�¨aç

åCñnæ 3=2#2 ,¢qw� � � & éåxðQæ£q�ï m 7 4 ) éåZÍQæ � ï l á#, +-) éå Ì æ & ï l á#, +-) éåxîQæ & ï{q§É � éåZ¡Qæ & ï{q§É � éå�NQæ & ï{q¤� � éå�rQæ â»í®å.qTæ������ éå�uQæ â»í®å � æ������ éåCñ ¥ æ�â»í®å & æ������ é

ëì

åäñdäCæ + Å 267 5 á:ñ ��á%ðr� 3 ñd� 3 ðr�.Qñd�. ð éå�ðräCæ á:ñ�ï ¥ é á%ð ïTñ éåÍräCæ 3 ñ�ï ¥ é 3 ð ï ¥ éå Ì äCæ .Qñ�ïTñ é .nð ïTñ éå�îräCæ ß ïVq�� 0 cÌð ª á:ñ�£Vá%ðr��ð ª�3 ñ £ 3 ð e�é .lñ�ï ß å ð é .nðnï ß k%ð éå¡räCæ .Qñ�ï�å�áQñ¥�(á%ðlæ�É å 3 ñ{� 3 ðQæ é .nðnï ¥ éå+NräCæ ß ïW¦ ' cYð ª á:ñ £%á%ðr��ð ª�3 ñ�£ 3 ð e�é .Qñ�ï ß å ð é . ðnï ß kVð éå+rräCæ ß ïVð ª áQñ £Vá%ð é â»í å%å ß ï%ï:ñnæC��� å ß ï%ïVðlæ%æ¦����� éå+uräCæ â»í å 3 ñ{� 3 ðlæ§����� éåäñ ¥ äNæ©â»í å�èq#ê%c�.lñd��.nð e æ������ écedgf�hjiPk�l�x�mw§Ïr'iPdsr'�^pgk�tR�^pgd�wRwPdgy^fYk)Òjr'���^pgk+��Per'�^pgkt�|��jÑ·��}�r'iPk�h^tRk��wPxYvx����^h�wPk���xQx+pgk�r'y�x+��k)iMr4wPdgx+y^t��P"�^k-�Nr4iPk�kd�wP�^k)i�vx�y^t[wRiPhjv)wPk���Q��wP�^kÂx��j{�hjtRv�r'wPx'iÂr'y_�Xt[wPx'iPk��YdgyYwP�^k�r�t�t[wMr'wPdgv��^r4wMr dgyYwP�^kÂx+��{�hjtRv�r'wPk���r'�^�jpsdgv�r4wPdgx+y��ºx'i�f+kyjk)iMr'wPk���r4w�iPhjyjÑ`wPdg��k��Q�owP�jkÂx+��{�h^tRvr'wPk��r'�^�jpsdgv�r4wPdgx+y�d�wPtRkp�{��

�·Ã¤�²³©º¤­©�ª\µ�»³¯�§7¨�¥U���PÀÇ;¥dß%¬�²¹¨&£�¬º¥aÄu¨°¬º¦�¥�»=Ç�¨�£º©R¿ �©°ªuµ�»³¯½gª@¦�¦�²¹§�»¹Å+½�¬�ªP¯Pµ�©°¨�ª�£�¤�¨°¬N¦�£�¬�²¹®�¾\¦�¥u¦r·�¨°»¹»=¿

À�¦H¥�®E¨°ÁP¥u«E½�»¹¨�Çu©°ªu®�¦�²³¯P¨°¬-£�¤�¨Ã¶�µ�®�©�£�²¹ªu®6¨�²¹®Y��²¹¾uµ�¬�¨ ��#�¿ßr¤�²³¦Ã¶�µ�®�©�£�²¹ªu®Û·�¥\¦�©�ª\®�¦�£�¬�µ�© £�¨3¯J£�ªdªu§�¶�µ�¦�©3¥R£�¨�£�¤�¨M¦�£�¬�²´®�¾\¦© q�q�q © Ç © � qVq�q�q © Ç�¥�®�¯ © &�& � © ¿Jßr¤�¨UÄR¥�»¹µ�¨/¦�½�¬�ªP¯Pµ�©�¨/¯G§@Ũ±¥�¬�¨ª¨ åäñnæ�ï © q�q�q © Çj¨ å�ðQæ�ï © � q�q�q�q © ÇP¨ åZÍQæ�ï ¨ åxîQæ�ï © &V& � © Ç¥�®�¯�¨ å Ì æ�ï © ç & � © åk·Ã¤�²³©º¤E²³¦t®�ªu£H¥u©�£�µ�¥u»´»¹Åµg¦�¨/¯E²¹®M£�¤�¨(½�¬�ªu¼¾u¬º¥�«d线���ª\¬�ª�£�¤�¨°¬¥u¬�¾\µ�«E¨°®@£(ÄR¥u»´µ�¨3¦°Ç�¨­«U¥aÅ­ªu¬&«U¥aÅ­®�ªu££�¨°¬�«E²¹®�¥R£�¨�¿

ÀN¾\¾u¬�¨°¾@¥R£�²¹®�¾r£�¤�¨r©�ªu«E½�µP£�¥�£�²¹ªu®&ª�¶7¥�»¹»\¦�£�¥�£�²³©t¦�£�¬�²´®�¾�¯�¥R£º¥²´®@£�ª�Á¸µ�¦�£(ªu®�¨¶�µ�®�©�£�²¹ªu®­²³¦°Çgªu¶?©�ªuµ�¬�¦�¨�Ç7¤�²¹¾u¤�»¹Ådµ�®�¯P¨3¦�²¹¬�¥u§�»¹¨�¿�­µ�©º¤±¤�²´¾\¤�¨°¬+½7ª�£�¨3®�©�ÅÈ¥u®�¯È¬�¨3¦�²¹»¹²´¨3®�©�¨M²³¦+¥u©º¤�²¹¨°Ä\¨3¯á²´¶N£�¤�¨¨u¼=¶�µ�®�©�£�²¹ªu®E·r¥u¦?§�¬�ªuÉu¨3®Mµ�½U²¹®@£�ª�¦�«U¥�»¹»¹¨°¬-©�ª\«E½gª\®�¨°®@£�¦t£�¤�¥�£·H¨3¬�¨¨°«+§g¨/¯�¯P¨/¯È²¹®@£�ªm£�¤�¨ ³º®�ª\¬�«U¥u»�´©°ªu®@£�¬�ªu»Hý�ªR· ªu¶�£�¤�¨¦�ª\µ�¬�©°¨&½�¬�ª\¾u¬º¥�«J¿

¢5£d²³¦E²¹®@£�¨3¬�¨/¦¸£�²´®�¾Û£�ªÊ®�ª�£�¨J£�¤�¥�£d·H¨m©3¥�®�©°ªu«+§�²¹®�¨d£�¤�²³¦£�¨3©º¤�®�²³Ì\µ�¨+·Ã²´£�¤ü£�¤�¨Û×5ÖuÒ°èâÑdسÙg×5Ñ�Ü=ã;Ü�Ñ°×5Ö�×1ØkÏRÙm£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²´ª\®ª�¶�ÆS¨/© £�²´ª\® �P¿éÿS¿g�S¿±ßr¤�¨�²¹®@£�¨3®\£+ª�¶N£�¤�¥R£Eª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥R£�²¹ªu®Ê²³¦£�ª©�ªu®SÄ\¨°¬�£]¥&¦�¨3©�£�²¹ªu®�ª�¶'Âu¥aÄR¥(§@Å@£�¨3©�ªP¯P¨Ã²¹®@£�ª&©�ªP¯P¨r¶�ª\¬t¥�®�ªu£�¤�¨3¬Ä@²¹¬�£�µ�¥u»_«U¥u©º¤�²¹®�¨u¿�ßr¤�¨�®�¨°· ©�ªP¯P¨�·Ã²¹»¹»�£¸ÅS½�²³©°¥u»¹»´ÅM§7¨¦¸£�ªu¬�¨3¯¥u¦E¦�£�¥R£�²³©¦�£�¬�²¹®�¾á¯�¥R£º¥ü²¹®^£�¤�¨Jª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥R£�¨3¯D½�¬�ªu¾\¬�¥u«J¿ ��ª\¬¨°Äu¨3®±¤�²¹¾\¤�¨°¬+»¹¨°Äu¨3»³¦ª�¶�½gªu£�¨3®�©�ÅÈ¥u®�¯±¬�¨3¦�²¹»¹²´¨3®�©�¨uÇ�¤�ªR·H¨3Äu¨°¬3Ç£�¤�¨�¦¸£�¬�²¹®�¾@¦'©�ª\µ�»³¯(§7¨H©°ªu®SÄu¨3¬�£�¨3¯(£�ª�½�¬�ª\¾u¬º¥�«U¦7£�¤�¥R£%½�¬�ªP¯Pµ�©°¨£�¤�¨3«JÇg¥u¦�¨�ÁP½�»³¥u²´®�¨3¯d¥u§gªRÄ\¨�¿

ï:� ¤ � §�§ �[¦ §  \� õéò ñ Ô �¸  ñ �Ø5òS�hgd @�ºõöò ñ �¢}® ©�ªu®@£�¬�¥\¦¸£Ê£�ª ²¹«E½g¨3¬�¥�£�²¹Äu¨D¥�®�¯ë¶�µ�®g© £�²¹ª\®�¥�»U»³¥u®�¾uµ�¥u¾u¨/¦�Ǫu§�Á¸¨/© £�¼5ªu¬�²¹¨°®@£�¨/¯J»³¥�®�¾\µ�¥�¾\¨3¦�¥u¬�¨�«Eªu¬�¨�¯�¥�£�¥�¼=ª\¬�²¹¨°®@£�¨3¯£�¤g¥�®©�ªu®@£�¬�ª\»â¼5ªu¬�²¹¨°®@£�¨/¯;¿r¢}®Ûª�£�¤�¨°¬(·Hª\¬�¯�¦�Ç;²¹®m¥�®mª\§�Á¸¨3©�£�¼5ªu¬�²´¨3®@£�¨3¯

½�¬�ªu¾\¬�¥u«JÇ�£�¤�¨�©�ª\®\£�¬�ª\»�²³¦_ªu¬�¾\¥u®�²¹à°¨/¯(¥u¬�ª\µ�®�¯(£�¤�¨�¯�¥R£º¥Ã¦¸£�¬�µg© ¼£�µ�¬�¨/¦�Ç-¬�¥�£�¤�¨3¬&£�¤�¥u®á£�¤�¨Eªu£�¤�¨3¬·r¥aÅÛ¥�¬�ªuµ�®g¯;¿ßr¤�²³¦&«E¨/¥�®�¦£�¤g¥R£]¥�®�²¹«E½gª\¬�£º¥�®@£'½�¥u¬�£�ª�¶�¬�¨°Äu¨3¬�¦�¨�¼5¨°®�¾u²¹®�¨°¨3¬�²¹®�¾H¥�®ª\§�Á¸¨3©�£�¼ªu¬�²¹¨°®@£�¨/¯Û¥u½�½�»¹²³©°¥R£�²¹ªu®­²³¦(£�¬�Å@²¹®�¾�£�ªJ¬�¨3¦�£�ª\¬�¨�£�¤�¨E½�¬�ª\¾u¬º¥�« ­ ¦¯�¥�£�¥d¦�£�¬�µ�©�£�µ�¬�¨3¦°¿ « ª\®SÄu¨°¬º¦�¨°»¹Å�Ç�²´£�²¹¦�²¹«E½gª\¬�£º¥�®@£Ã¶�ªu¬&¥�®mª\§P¼¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�ªu¬r£�ª+£�¬�ÅU£�ªM¤�²³¯P¨�£�¤�¨3¦�¨�¯�¥R£º¥E¦¸£�¬�µ�©�£�µ�¬�¨3¦°¿

¢}®�«Eª\¦�£�ª\§�Á¸¨3©�£�¼5ªu¬�²´¨3®@£�¨3¯&»³¥u®�¾uµ�¥u¾u¨/¦�Ç3£�¤�¨3¬�¨r¥�¬�¨�Á¸µ�¦�£�£¸·Hª·r¥aÅS¦�£�ª&¥u¾u¾\¬�¨3¾\¥R£�¨H¯�¥�£�¥º®�²¹®�¥u¬�¬º¥aÅP¦�¥u®�¯�²¹®+ªu§�Á¸¨/© £º¦�¿-¢}®�£�¤�¨®�¨°Á@£]£�¤�¬�¨°¨N¦�¨3© £�²¹ªu®�¦�·�¨Ã·Ã²´»¹»S¨�Á�¥u«E²´®�¨H·r¥aÅP¦�²¹®M·Ã¤�²³©º¤�£�¤�¨/¦�¨¯�¥�£�¥M¦¸£�¬�µg© £�µ�¬�¨/¦Ã©°¥�®§7¨�ªu§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�¨/¯;¿

ï:� ¤ � ï � ¦@� § ¦ o ¡� �¨  u�%tr u�}õé ���¨ ¦u�ßr·�ªmªu¬+«Eªu¬�¨U¦�©3¥�»³¥�¬�Äa¥u¬�²³¥u§�»¹¨3¦k^ Ý ����� ^ , ©°¥u®È§g¨�«E¨°¬�¾u¨/¯²¹®@£�ªMªu®�¨�ÄR¥u¬�²³¥�§�»´¨ ^?«mÇ7½�¬�ªRÄS²³¯P¨/¯E£�¤�¨�©�ª\«�§�²¹®�¨/¯U¬º¥�®�¾\¨3¦rªu¶^ Ý ����� ^ , ·Ã²´»¹»;ì�£(·Ã²â£�¤�²¹®d£�¤�¨½�¬�¨3©°²³¦�²¹ªu®dª�¶�^ « ¿Â��ª\¬N¨�Á�¥�«M¼½�»¹¨�Ç�£¸·�ª��\ÿR¼=§�²´£�²¹®@£�¨°¾\¨°¬�ÄR¥�¬�²³¥�§�»¹¨/¦�©°ªuµ�»³¯G§7¨d«E¨°¬�¾u¨/¯Û²¹®@£�ªªu®�¨o��úu¼=§�²â£NÄR¥u¬�²³¥�§�»´¨u¿NÀN¬�²â£�¤�«E¨�£�²³©&ªu®­£�¤�¨�²¹®�¯P²¹ÄS²³¯Pµ�¥u»'ÄR¥�¬�²â¼¥�§�»´¨/¦�·Hª\µ�»³¯d§7¨&£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«E¨3¯d²¹®\£�ª+¥u¬�²´£�¤�«E¨�£�²¹©�ªu® ^ « ¿�À�¦¥J¦�²¹«E½�»¹¨�¨°ÁP¥u«E½�»¹¨�Ç'©�ª\®�¦�²¹¯�¨°¬�«E¨°¬�¾u²¹®�¾E£¸·�ªN�@ÿa¼5§�²´£(²¹®@£�¨3¾u¨°¬ÄR¥�¬�²³¥�§�»¹¨3¦ ç ¥�®�¯¢¬^²´®@£�ªÈ¥ ��ú�¼5§�²´£EÄR¥�¬�²¹¥u§�»¹¨ é ¿���¦�²´®�¾ü£�¤�¨«E¨°¬�¾u²¹®�¾�¶�ªu¬�«�µ�»¹¥

é å ç 8 ¬�ç ¹ ÿ à ° � ¬ � ç·�¨�¾u¨°£�£�¤�¨+¥u¬�²´£�¤�«E¨�£�²¹©�²³¯P¨3®\£�²´£�²¹¨3¦Ã²¹®���²¹¾uµ�¬�¨�ÿ�£�åk¥@线ÆSªu«E¨¦�²´«E½�»´¨(¨�Á�¥�«E½�»´¨/¦H¥u¬�¨�¾u²¹Ä\¨°®d²¹® ��²´¾\µ�¬�¨&ÿ�£�å�§7线

ßr¤�¨¬�¨3¦�²¹»¹²´¨3®�©�¨Eªu¶(ÄR¥�¬�²³¥�§�»¹¨E«E¨3¬�¾\²´®�¾m²³¦+Ì@µ�²´£�¨�»¹ªR·&¿±À¯P¨3ªu§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�ª\¬dªu®�»´Å^®�¨°¨/¯�¦d£�ª±¨°Á�¥�«E²¹®�¨J£�¤�¨ü¦�¨�£�ªu¶�¥�¬�²´£�¤P¼«E¨�£�²³©&ªu½7¨°¬º¥R£�²¹ª\®�¦�§g¨3²´®�¾U¥�½�½�»¹²¹¨3¯d£�ª�¥E½�¥�¬�£�²³©°µ�»³¥�¬rÄR¥�¬�²¹¥u§�»¹¨²¹®Mªu¬º¯P¨°¬-£�ª¾uµ�¨/¦�¦�£�¤�¥R£H²â£?¥\© £�µ�¥�»¹»¹Å©�ª\®�¦�²³¦�£�¦-ªu¶7£¸·�ª&«E¨°¬�¾u¨/¯

��#

Page 20: masters.donntu.orgmasters.donntu.org/2008/fvti/protivenskiy/library/articles/taxonomy.pdf · !"$#%& ' #' "( )+*-,/.1032/.54768)+9;:1:=@,/A)+:547,3BDCE*-9;FG

­ 5 7 âäã ; ¨ åNâäã*5©ãIæ©çâäã:5 â»ï ¥ �=z é­ 5 7 âäã ; ­ éÄ1ÅTâ-, ) åäñnæ(çê6ñ « â�í åÌã¥ï%ïTñnæ¢ç ­ cxâ�£1£ e ï © q © é z¥ï ¥ é ;*2 5 2 ê*¡ ê éê¥ð « â�í åÌã¥ï%ïVðQæ¢ç ­ cxâ�£1£ e ï © � © é z¥ïWi ð é ;#2 5 2 ê*¡ ê éê*Í « â�í åÌã¥ï%ï:ÍQæ¢ç ­ cxâ�£1£ e ï © & © é ;*2 5 2 êu ê éê Ì « â�í åÌã¥ï%ï Ì æ¢ç ­ cxâ�£1£ e ï © ç © é ;*2 5 2 êu ê éê¥î « â�í åÌã¥ï%ïVîQæ¢ç ­ cxâ�£1£ e ï © & © é ;*2 5 2 êTñ%ñ ê éâ»í åÌã:òQñ�ðlæ ;*2 5 2 ê6ñ éê*¡ « â�í å=z:£#£*Æ ïVðlæ ç ­ cxâ�£#£ e ï © q © é ;*2 5 2 ê*¡ ê ) , +-)¦;*2 5 2 êr éêWr « 7:) 564 7 ã ­ éêWu « ­ cxâ�£#£ e ï © & © é ;*2 5 2 ê6ñ ¥ éê6ñ ¥ « ­ cxâ�£#£ e ï © � © é ;*2 5 2 êr éê6ñ%ñ « ­ cxâ�£#£ e ï © & © é ;*2 5 2 êTñ�ð éê6ñ�ð « ;*2 5 2 ê6ñ ¥ éê

ê

cedgf+h�iPk l�­�m<H¢{�hjy^v)wPdgx+yX�jiPx��jhjvdgy^f�wP�jk�wP�^k�t[wRiPdsyjf+t$® �X�X� ®+�H® �X�X�X�X� ®��ºr�y^�M®�RXR � ®+�

åk¥@çé å ç ��� 8 ¬�ç ¹ ÿ à ° � ¬k��å8�¬� ç ç ¹ é å ç 8 ¬�çÖ���é å ç 8 ¬M���Rç ¹ ÿ à ° � å8¬ ���Rç�� ç ¹ é å ç 8 ¬�çÖ��� � ÿ à °é å çh� � 8 ¬Pç ¹ ÿ à ° � ¬k� çb� � ¹ é å ç 8 ¬�çÖ��å�� � �aç ��çé å ç 8 ¬ � ��ç ¹ ÿ à ° � ¬ � �Q� ç ¹ é å ç 8 ¬�çÖ��å�� � �aç � ÿ à ° � ¬

å�§gçåäñnæ�âäã*5 çVï Ì îr� ¬ ï�u%î éå�ðQæ�çU£%ï�î éåÍQæ ¬ £%ï ñnñ éå Ì æ�ç ª ï . éå�îQæ ¬ ª ïU� é

ëìåäñdäCæ�, 2 ã ; énïTñâ¡�NVN%î�u ¥ r1¡:ñ%ñEu%î î:ñ ¥-Ì î éå�ðräCæ�é £%ï î éåÍräCæ�é £%ï Ì N%ð Ì#Ì ¡ Ì:¥ ð%î1¡ éå Ì äCæ�é £%ï®å�.�iQñnæ ª åé�É Ì ð�u Ì u#¡�N%ð�unîQæ éå�îräCæ�é £%ï®åZ�WiQñnæ ª åé�É ñEr Ì#Ì ¡�N Ì#Ì:¥ ¡�u Ì ñ Ì î�r Ì Ínð ¥ æ é

cedgf�hjiPk�Í�¹�md¯Xk-iPf+dgy^f�w8Úqx��0Í4ѯ�jdgw ��r'iPdsr��jpsk)t%°�r�y_��±�dgyQwPx�x+y^k�FN��ѯ�^d�w���r'iPdsr'�^pgk$²j��±oxQvvh^�jdgkt wP�jk�wPx�� �0Í �^d�wPt�x�{�²j�°�wP�jk���x'wRwPx+� �0Í�jd�wPt�Ö»·{�wP�^k r�v)wPh^r�p_iMr�yjf+k x�{ek)dgwP�jk)i °�x�i ±�v�r�y���k��jk���h^vk���{�iPx+� wP�jk ��iPx+f'iMr��Y��pgktRt"dgyQwPh^d�wPdg�0k���k)iPf+ktqvx+hjp�����k�h^tRk��º�¿|`rQ}�f�dg�0ktqiPhjpsk)t{�x�i r+�j�jd�wPdgx+yXr�y_����hjp�wPds�jpgdsvr'wPdgx+y�Ú¿dgwP�K°�r�y^�4±^��|���}�tR�^x Ú¿t�tRx+��k�tRds���jpgk�k)Òjr����jpgkt�KP"�^k�k-Ò^r'���^pgk�v)x+h^ps����k {�h�iRwP�^k)i¿x��j{�h^tRv�r4wPk�����{�x'ik-Ò^r'���^pgk��Q����k)iPf+dgyjf��^7�³.��r'y_���a´?³���dgyQwPx � ²XµX¶T·X`E7G·X·E¸G·E¹E7T¸V5 ���

Äa¥u¬�²³¥u§�»¹¨3¦°¿dÍá¨�©°¥u®á²´®g©�¬�¨3¥u¦�¨+£�¤�¨�¬�¨/¦�²¹»¹²¹¨°®�©°¨�§SÅG²¹®\£�¬�ªP¯Pµg© ¼²´®�¾E§gª\¾uµ�¦Ãª\½g¨3¬�¥�£�²¹ªu®g¦�£�¤�¥�£(©�ª\µ�»³¯d®�ªu£(©�ª\¬�¬�¨3¦�½7ªu®�¯d£�ªd¥u®SŬ�¨/¥u¦�ªu®�¥u§�»¹¨dªu½7¨°¬º¥R£�²¹ªu®�¦�ªu®D£�¤�¨­²´®g¯P²¹Ä@²³¯Pµg¥�»�Äa¥u¬�²³¥u§�»¹¨3¦°¿^¢}®£�¤�¨&¨�Á�¥u«E½�»¹¨�²¹®U��²¹¾uµ�¬�¨�ÿ�£�åk§gçt·�¨&©�ªuµ�»¹¯d²¹®�¦�¨3¬�£�ªu½7¨°¬º¥R£�²´ª\®�¦£�¤�¥�£�¥�½�½7¨3¥u¬M£�ªá«E¨°¬�¾u¨ é ­ ¦E£¸·Hªá¤�¥u»´Ä\¨3¦°Çt¶�ªu¬d¨�Á�¥�«E½�»¹¨�§@Ŭ�ªu£�¥R£�²¹ªu®²®�L â»í®å �hi æ¦é ï 7*2 5Vá65 ) åé���îQæ�N ¿ÀYÄR¥�¬�²³¥�®@£�ªu¶g£�¤�²³¦%£�¬�¥u®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ª\®�²¹¦�£�ª�«E¨3¬�¾\¨Û^ Ý ����� ^ ,²´®@£�ªá¥u®$¥�¬�¬�¥aÅ�^?º ¹ Ý »^»^»£¼^ Ý ����� ^ , ªu¶(£�¤�¨Û¥u½�½�¬�ªu½�¬�²³¥R£�¨£¸Å@½7¨�¿�¢5¶ ^ Ý ����� ^ , ¥�¬�¨ªu§�Á¸¨/© £�¬�¨�¶�¨3¬�¨3®�©�¨�Äa¥u¬�²³¥u§�»¹¨3¦°ÇP¶�ªu¬�¨°ÁS¼¥�«E½�»¹¨�Ç-£�¤�¨°®^£�¤�¨¨°»¹¨3«E¨°®@££¸ÅS½g¨ª�¶ ^ º ©3¥�®È§7¨­¥�®SÅÊ©�»³¥u¦�¦£�¤�¥�£�²³¦(¤�²¹¾u¤�¨3¬N²¹®­£�¤�¨+²¹®�¤�¨3¬�²´£�¥u®�©�¨�¤�²´¨3¬�¥u¬�©º¤SÅd£�¤�¥u®Û¥�®SÅJª�¶£�¤�¨&£¸ÅS½7¨3¦Ãªu¶r^ Ý ����� ^ , ¿

ï:� ¤ � ¤ ÉϦ\� ����ôP¡R�°ô��[¦d���¸�¸ Qªu�À ®@µ�«�§7¨°¬ª�¶£�¬�¥u®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ª\®�¦E©°¥u®�§g¨á¯P¨3Ä@²³¦�¨3¯Y¶�ª\¬�ª\§P¼¦�©�µ�¬�²¹®�¾(ª\½g¨3¬�¥�£�²¹ªu®g¦�½7¨°¬�¶�ªu¬�«E¨3¯�ªu®E¥u¬�¬º¥aÅP¦4®'·�¨Ã©°¥�®Õ=ã7èöØ�×�¥�®¥�¬�¬º¥aÅ�²¹®@£�ª¦�¨°Äu¨3¬�¥u»�¦�µ�§P¼}¥�¬�¬�¥aÅP¦°Ç��MÑ°Ü1î@Ñ]£¸·�ªª\¬?«Eªu¬�¨N¥�¬�¬º¥aÅS¦²¹®@£�ªEªu®�¨�¥�¬�¬�¥aÅuÇuÓ�ÏRèâÐ�¥�®m¥u¬�¬º¥aÅmå�²¹®�©°¬�¨/¥u¦�²¹®�¾�£�¤�¨�®Sµ�«+§7¨°¬Nªu¶¯P²¹«E¨°®g¦�²¹ªu®g¦�ç Çaª\¬¾½ÃÖ�×=×=Ñ°Ù�¥�®M¥�¬�¬�¥aÅEåk¯�¨3©�¬�¨3¥\¦�²¹®�¾(£�¤�¨Ã®@µ�«�§7¨°¬ª�¶]¯P²¹«E¨°®g¦�²¹ªu®g¦�ç ¿

��²¹¾uµ�¬�¨ÿ���¦�¤�ªR·N¦Ã¦�ªu«E¨�¨�Á�¥�«E½�»¹¨/¦?ªu¶-¥u¬�¬º¥aÅE¬�¨/¦¸£�¬�µg© £�µ�¬�¼²¹®�¾�¿t¢}®m¦�£�¥�£�¨3«E¨°®@£�¦�åM��¼¸ÿuç�¥�®­¥�¬�¬º¥aÅ q ²³¦Ã¦�½�»´²´£rµ�½­²¹®@£�ª�£¸·Hª¦�µ�§P¼}¥�¬�¬�¥aÅP¦ q6ñ ¥�®�¯ qVð ¿ qTñ ¤�ª\»³¯�¦Ã£�¤�¨�¨3»¹¨°«E¨°®@£º¦Ãª�¶ q £�¤g¥R£¤�¥aÄ\¨Ñ'¶aÑ°Ù�²¹®�¯�²¹©°¨3¦°Ç7¥u®�¯ q¥ð ¤�ªu»³¯�¦�£�¤�¨+¨°»¹¨3«E¨°®@£�¦Ã·Ã²´£�¤DÏ/Ðuв¹®�¯P²³©�¨/¦�¿

ÆS£�¥R£�¨°«E¨3®\£º¦&å¯�R¼5ú@çHªu¶q��²¹¾uµ�¬�¨�ÿº�&¦�¤�ªR·�¤�ªR·$£¸·HªM²¹®@£�¨3¾u¨°¬¥�¬�¬º¥aÅS¦¿�U¥�®�¯ & ©°¥�®d§g¨&²¹®@£�¨°¬�»¹¨3¥aÄ\¨3¯�²´®@£�ª�¥�¬�¨/¦�µ�»´£�²´®�¾¥�¬�¬�¥aÅ� & ¿_ßr¤�¨�¨3»´¨3«E¨°®@£�¦N¶�¬�ª\«À�Û¥�®�¯ & ¥�¬�¨�¨3Äu¨°®�»´ÅJ¦�½�¬�¨/¥u¯­ªRÄ\¨°¬

ÿ�£

Page 21: masters.donntu.orgmasters.donntu.org/2008/fvti/protivenskiy/library/articles/taxonomy.pdf · !"$#%& ' #' "( )+*-,/.1032/.54768)+9;:1:=@,/A)+:547,3BDCE*-9;FG

£�¤�¨�¬�¨3¦�µ�»´£�²¹®�¾+¥�¬�¬�¥aÅu¿Æ@£º¥R£�¨3«E¨°®@£�¦ å·�R¼M��ç ¯P¨3«Eªu®�¦�£�¬º¥R£�¨ ¤�ªR· ¥ ªu®�¨°¼

¯P²¹«E¨°®�¦�²¹ªu®�¥u» ¥�¬�¬�¥aÅ 0 ©3¥�® §7¨ ¶�ª\»³¯P¨3¯ ²¹®@£�ª ¥ £¸·Hªu¼¯P²¹«E¨°®�¦�²¹ªu®�¥u»�¥�¬�¬�¥aÅ 0 ñ ¿ Æ@£�¥�£�¨°«E¨3®@£�¦ å¯�R¼R#\ç Ç ì�®g¥�»¹»¹Å�ǯP¨°«Eª\®�¦¸£�¬�¥�£�¨ £�¤�¨ ¬�¨3Äu¨°¬º¦�¨ £�¬�¥u®�¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®�® ¥"£¸·Hªu¼¯P²¹«E¨°®�¦�²¹ªu®�¥u»g¥�¬�¬º¥aÅKÁ�²¹¦Hýg¥�£�£�¨°®�¨/¯�²¹®@£�ªM¥+ªu®�¨°¼5¯�²´«E¨3®�¦�²´ª\®�¥�»¥�¬�¬�¥aÅÂÁ ñ ¿ÀN¬�¬º¥aÅ�¦�½�»¹²´£�£�²¹®�¾N¥u®�¯&¶�ª\»¹¯�²´®�¾Ã²´®g©�¬�¨3¥u¦�¨-£�¤�¨*ÀIÔ�¯�¥R£º¥�©°ªu«M¼½�»¹¨�ÁP²´£¸ÅG«E¨°£�¬�²³©R¿ÈÀN¬�¬�¥aÅá«E¨3¬�¾\²´®�¾m¥�®�¯±ýg¥R£�£�¨3®�²¹®�¾�Çtª\®±£�¤�¨ª�£�¤�¨°¬�¤�¥�®�¯_Ç;¦�¨°¨3« £�ªGÐ\Ñ�ΰÜ�ѺÖaÕ°Ñ�£�¤�²¹¦�«E¨3¥\¦�µ�¬�¨�¿ÃÍ�¤�²´»¹¨�£�¤�²³¦«U¥aÅÛ¦�¨3¨°«í£�ª­²¹®�¯P²³©°¥�£�¨�£�¤�¥�££�¤�¨3¦�¨M£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²´ª\®�¦N¤g¥aÄu¨ªu®�»¹ÅE«U¥�¬�¾u²¹®�¥u»�ªu¬�¨°Ä\¨°®®�¨°¾@¥R£�²´Ä\¨N½7ª�£�¨3®�©�ÅuÇP£�¤�²³¦°ÇP²´®d¶k¥u©�£°Ç�²³¦¯P¨3©°¨°½P£�²´Ä\¨�¿rßr¤�¨½�¬�ªu§�»¹¨3« ²³¦r£�¤�¥�£N£�¤�¨�©�ª\«E½�»¹¨�ÁP²´£¸Å+«E¨°£�¬�²³©°¦ª�¶?ß�¥�§�»¹¨���¶k¥u²´»%£�ªd©3¥�½P£�µ�¬�¨�¥�®­²¹«E½7ªu¬�£�¥�®@£�¥\¦�½7¨3©�£�ª�¶?¦�ªu«E¨¯�¥R£º¥ü¦�£�¬�µ�© £�µ�¬�¨d£�¬�¥u®�¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®g¦4®+£�¤�¨3ÅȲ¹®@£�¬�ªS¯�µ�©�¨¦¸£�¬�µ�©�¼£�µ�¬�¨Û·Ã¤�¨3¬�¨m£�¤�¨3¬�¨m·r¥u¦Uªu¬�²´¾\²¹®�¥�»¹»¹Åü®�ªu®�¨mª\¬U£�¤�¨°ÅY¬�¨°«EªRÄu¨¦¸£�¬�µ�©�£�µ�¬�¨+¶�¬�ª\«�£�¤�¨Eª\¬�²¹¾\²´®g¥�»'½�¬�ªu¾\¬�¥u«J¿�ßr¤�²³¦&©°¥�®ü¾u¬�¨3¥�£�»¹Å²´®g©�¬�¨3¥u¦�¨�£�¤�¨�ª\§�¦�©�µ�¬�²´£¸Å�ªu¶t£�¤�¨+½�¬�ªu¾\¬�¥u«J¿���ª\¬(¨°Á�¥�«E½�»¹¨�Ç;¥½�¬�ª\¾u¬º¥�«E«E¨3¬%·Ã¤�ª�¯P¨/©�»³¥�¬�¨3¦-¥(£¸·Hªu¼5¯�²´«E¨3®�¦�²´ª\®�¥�»@¥�¬�¬�¥aÅ�¯PªS¨/¦¦�ª¶�ªu¬¥½�µ�¬�½7ª\¦�¨�®�£�¤�¨U©º¤�ª\¦�¨°®ü¦�£�¬�µ�©�£�µ�¬�¨E¦�ª\«E¨°¤�ªR·Ú«U¥u½�¦©�»¹¨3¥u®�»¹Å�£�ªd£�¤�¨E¯�¥R£º¥�£�¤�¥�£&²³¦(§g¨3²¹®�¾�«U¥u®�²¹½�µ�»³¥R£�¨3¯;¿�¢5¶�£�¤�¥�£¥�¬�¬�¥aÅm²³¦&¶�ª\»³¯P¨3¯G²¹®@£�ªm¥Jªu®�¨�¼}¯P²¹«E¨°®�¦�²¹ªu®�¥u»�¦�£�¬�µ�© £�µ�¬�¨�Ç]¥­¬�¨°¼Äu¨°¬º¦�¨�¨3®�¾u²¹®�¨3¨°¬-·Ã²¹»¹»@¤g¥aÄu¨�§g¨3¨°®U¯P¨3½�¬�²¹Ä\¨3¯ªu¶7«+µ�©º¤�Äa¥u»¹µ�¥�§�»¹¨½�¬�¥u¾u«U¥�£�²³©N²¹®P¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®_¿

ï:� ¤ � Ó � ò7ógõ Ø[ª ð¹ñ�Õ ¦@�¸õ �   ñ ¡Q¦vÉq¦^¨é \� õéò ñ �¢}®D©°µ�¬�¬�¨°®@£Mªu§�Á¸¨/© £�¼=ª\¬�²¹¨°®@£�¨3¯á»³¥�®�¾\µ�¥�¾\¨U¦�µg©º¤^¥u¦EÂ\¥aÄR¥PÇt£�¤�¨«U¥�²¹®Ú«EªP¯Pµ�»³¥�¬�²¹à3¥R£�²¹ªu® ¥�®�¯ ¥�§�¦�£�¬º¥u©�£�²¹ªu®Ú©�ª\®�©�¨3½P£á²¹¦ü£�¤�¨Î�èâÖRÕºÕ�¿ « »³¥u¦�¦�¨3¦Ë¥�¬�¨ ¨/¦�¦�¨°®@£�²³¥u»´»¹Å ¥�§�¦�£�¬º¥u©�£ ¯�¥�£�¥ £¸ÅS½g¨/¦£�¤�¥�£¨°®�©3¥�½�¦�µ�»³¥R£�¨+¯�¥�£�¥áå�²¹®�¦�£�¥u®�©�¨MÄR¥�¬�²³¥�§�»¹¨/¦�ç�¥�®�¯G©�ª\®\£�¬�ª\»å�«E¨�£�¤�ªP¯�¦ºçº¿-ÍG¨(·Ã¬�²´£�¨�¥�©°»¹¥\¦�¦?¥u¦*Õ ¹ åO^ 8�à çºÇP·Ã¤�¨3¬�¨M^Ú²³¦£�¤�¨¦�¨�£Nªu¶�Õo­ ¦Ã²¹®�¦¸£º¥�®�©°¨&Äa¥u¬�²³¥u§�»¹¨3¦?¥u®�¯ à ²´£�¦�«E¨°£�¤�ªP¯�¦°¿

¢}®E©�ª\®\£�¬�¥\¦¸£-£�ª&£�¤�¨r£�¬�¥\¯P²´£�²¹ªu®�¥u»\®�ª�£�²¹ª\®�ªu¶;¥u§�¦¸£�¬�¥\© £]¯�¥R£º¥£¸Å@½7¨3¦°Ç�£¸·�ª�©°»³¥u¦�¦�¨/¦[Õ Ý ¥�®�¯�Õ ° ©3¥�®�§7¨Ã©�ª\«E½gª@¦�¨/¯�§SÅdÖ°î/î�Ü�Ñ'½î\Öu×kØkÏ�Ù�å�Õ ° ¤�¥u¦'¥u®�²¹®�¦¸£º¥�®�©°¨]ÄR¥�¬�²¹¥u§�»¹¨�ªu¶S£¸Å@½7¨*Õ Ý ç%¥u¦_·�¨°»¹»u¥\¦§@ÅÛسÙ_��Ñ°Ü Ø�×5ÖRÙ7κÑ�å�Õ ° ¨�ÁS£�¨3®�¯�¦�Õ Ý §SÅd¥\¯�¯P²¹®�¾+®�¨°·Ë«E¨�£�¤�ªP¯�¦¥�®�¯Ê²¹®�¦�£�¥u®�©�¨dÄa¥u¬�²³¥u§�»¹¨3¦ºçº¿=¬�ªu¬�¬�ªR·Ã²¹®�¾�£�¤�¨�®�ª�£º¥R£�²´ª\®Êµ�¦�¨3¯²´®^ù ÿ^�3û1Ç_·�¨�·Ã¬�²´£�¨²¹®�¤�¨3¬�²´£º¥�®�©°¨¥u¦�Õ ° ¹ Õ ÝsÄ¢Å Õ ° ¿�Õ ° ²³¦¦�¥u²¹¯(£�ªN²¹®�¤�¨°¬�²´£_¶�¬�ª\«tÕ Ý Ça²´£º¦%¦�µ�½g¨3¬�¼7ªu¬'½g¥�¬�¨°®@£�©�»³¥\¦�¦°¿%ßr¤�¨ Īu½7¨°¬º¥R£�ª\¬r²¹¦H£�¤�¨&¶�µ�®�©�£�²¹ªu®�£�¤�¥�£N©�ªu«+§�²¹®�¨/¦t£�¤�¨&½�¥�¬�¨°®@£N©�»³¥u¦�¦·Ã²â£�¤£�¤�¨�®�¨3·8½�¬�ª\½g¨3¬�£�²´¨/¦r¯P¨�ì�®�¨3¯²¹® Å Õ ° ¿�ßr¤�¨�¨�Á�¥u©�£�¦�¨°¼«U¥�®@£�²³©°¦ª�¶ Ä ¯P¨°½7¨°®g¯�¦+ªu®á£�¤�¨d½�¥u¬�£�²¹©°µ�»³¥�¬�½�¬�ªu¾\¬�¥u«E«E²¹®�¾»¹¥u®�¾uµg¥�¾u¨u¿%¢}®U»³¥�®�¾uµ�¥u¾u¨3¦-¦�µ�©º¤U¥u¦�Âu¥aÄR¥�Ç Ä ²³¦]µ�¦�µ�¥�»¹»¹Å²¹®@£�¨°¬�¼½�¬�¨°£�¨/¯­¥u¦&ÔPÙ�ØkÏ�ÙU·Ã¤�¨3®J¥u½�½�»¹²¹¨3¯d£�ªM£�¤�¨²¹®�¦�£�¥�®g©�¨&ÄR¥�¬�²¹¥u§�»¹¨3¦¥�®�¯J¥u¦Ï�¶aÑ°Ü Ü ØkÐRسÙSî�·Ã¤�¨3®­¥�½�½�»¹²¹¨3¯U£�ªM«E¨�£�¤�ªP¯�¦°¿

À�©3©�ª\¬�¯P²¹®�¾G£�ªÈ«E¨�£�¬�²³©�ÀIÂ�Çr£�¤�¨ü©�ª\«E½�»¹¨�ÁP²´£¸Åáª�¶¥Ê©�»³¥u¦�¦Õ Ý ¾u¬�ªR·N¦d·Ã²´£�¤Ë²´£�¦ÈÐ\Ñ5ã_×�� å1¯P²³¦¸£º¥�®�©°¨Û¶�¬�ªu« £�¤�¨Ê¬�ªSª�£ çd²¹®£�¤�¨�²´®�¤�¨°¬�²´£�¥�®g©�¨�¤�²¹¨°¬º¥�¬º©º¤SÅ�Ç�¥u®�¯£�¤�¨�®Sµ�«�§7¨°¬(ª�¶]²´£�¦(¯P²¹¬�¨/© £¯P¨3¦�©�¨3®�¯�¥�®@£º¦�¿þßr¤�¨°¬�¨Û¥u¬�¨Û£¸·HªÈ§g¥u¦�²¹©m·�¥aÅP¦U²¹®$·Ã¤�²³©º¤$·�¨©°¥�®�²¹®�©�¬�¨3¥\¦�¨Ã£�¤�²³¦H©°ªu«E½�»¹¨°ÁS²´£¸Å�®%·�¨(©3¥�®�¦�½�»¹²´£?µ�½á島k¥\© £�ª\¬ºç?¥©�»³¥u¦�¦�å·��²¹¾\µ�¬�¨�ÿ\ÿ�å1¥\ç�çNªu¬(²´®g¦�¨3¬�£(¥d®�¨°·&Ç_§7ªu¾\µ�¦�Ç_©�»³¥\¦�¦å·��²´¾u¼µ�¬�¨�ÿ\ÿ�åk§gç�ç ¿

Àݽ�¬�ªu§�»¹¨3« ·Ã²´£�¤G©°»¹¥\¦�¦�¶k¥u©�£�ª\¬�²¹®�¾U²³¦�²´£�¦�»¹ªR· ¬�¨3¦�²´»¹²¹¨°®g©�¨�°

£�¤�¨°¬�¨²³¦�®�ª�£�¤�²¹®�¾á¦¸£�ªu½�½�²¹®�¾G¥á¯P¨°ª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥R£�ªu¬�¶�¬�ª\« ¦�²´«E½�»´Å«E¨°¬�¾u²¹®�¾&£�¤�¨(¶k¥u© £�ªu¬�¨3¯E©°»¹¥\¦�¦�¨3¦°¿�ß�ª+½�¬�¨3Äu¨3®\£?£�¤�²³¦°Ç@¶k¥\© £�ªu¬�²´®�¾¥�®g¯Û²¹®�¦�¨°¬�£�²¹ªu®m¥u¬�¨+®�ª\¬�«U¥u»´»¹Åd©°ªu«+§�²¹®�¨3¯Û¥u¦&¦�¤�ªR·Ã®Û²¹®×��²¹¾�¼µ�¬�¨dÿuÿ�åk¯�ç ¿dÀN®�ªu£�¤�¨3¬·�¥aÅÛª�¶r²´®g©�¬�¨3¥u¦�²¹®�¾E£�¤�¨U¬�¨3¦�²´»¹²¹¨°®g©�¨ªu¶£�¤�¨3¦�¨Ã£¸ÅS½g¨/¦tª�¶;£�¬�¥u®�¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®g¦%²³¦�£�ª�«U¥�Éu¨Ã¦�µ�¬�¨r£�¤�¥�£H®�¨3·ªu§ºÁ¸¨3© £º¦Ã¥�¬�¨�©�¬�¨3¥R£�¨3¯�ª�¶-¥�»¹»;²´®@£�¬�ªP¯Pµ�©°¨3¯©�»³¥u¦�¦�¨3¦°¿

��²¹¾uµ�¬�¨rÿuÿ�å1©3ç�¦�¤�ªR·N¦-¥�ÄR¥�¬�²³¥�®@£�ªu¶7©°»¹¥\¦�¦�²¹®�¦�¨°¬�£�²¹ªu®_ÇR©°¥u»¹»´¨/¯Ó�ÖRèéÕ�Ñ^Ü�Ñ1Ó�ÖuÎ3×5ÏRÜ Ø³Ù@î�¿ è°¶k¥u© £�ªu¬�²¹®�¾Y²¹¦­¥ åk¦�ªu«E¨�£�²¹«E¨3¦J¥�µP£�ª�¼«U¥R£�²³©3çH£�¨/©º¤�®�²³Ì@µ�¨&¶�ªu¬(¬�¨/¦¸£�¬�µg© £�µ�¬�²¹®�¾Eª\§�Á¸¨3©�£�¼5ªu¬�²´¨3®@£�¨3¯�½�¬�ª�¼¾u¬º¥�«U¦�·Ã¤�ª@¦�¨¦�£�¬�µ�©�£�µ�¬�¨�¤�¥u¦�¯P¨�£�¨°¬�²´ª\¬�¥�£�¨/¯Ûù ÿuÿ/û=¿� N¨�¶k¥u©�£�ª\¬�¼²¹®�¾�²³¦r¥�£¸·Hªu¼5¦�£�¨3½d½�¬�ªP©�¨3¦�¦°¿"��²¹¬�¦�£°ÇP²´£r²¹¦�¯P¨°£�¨3©�£�¨/¯d£�¤�¥R£�£¸·�ª�Ç¥�½�½�¥�¬�¨°®@£�»¹Å�²¹®�¯P¨3½g¨3®�¯P¨3®\£?©°»³¥u¦�¦�¨/¦�Ç�²¹®+¶k¥u©�£t²´«E½�»´¨3«E¨°®@£�¦�²¹«E²´¼»³¥�¬'§7¨°¤g¥aÄ@²¹ª\¬°¿�ÆS¨/©�ª\®�¯P»¹Å�Ça¶�¨3¥�£�µ�¬�¨3¦�©�ª\«E«Eªu®�£�ª(§gªu£�¤�©°»¹¥\¦�¦�¨3¦¥�¬�¨�«EªRÄ\¨3¯J²¹®@£�ª¥U®�¨3· å�½7ª\¦�¦�²¹§�»¹ÅJ¥�§�¦�£�¬º¥u©�£ºçN½�¥�¬�¨°®@£�©�»³¥u¦�¦�¿��¥u»³¦�¨M¬�¨�¶k¥u©�£�ª\¬�²¹®�¾�²¹¦�¥­¦�²¹«E²¹»¹¥u¬Nªu½7¨°¬º¥R£�²¹ªu®_Ç%ª\®�»¹Åm²´£�²¹¦&½7¨°¬�¼¶�ªu¬�«E¨3¯Uªu®U£¸·�ª�©°»³¥u¦�¦�¨/¦*Õ Ý ¥�®�¯ÒÕ ° ×���Öu×Ï��Ö�¶aÑ�Ù7ÏEκÏQ�X�EÏRÙÒºÑ)��ÖQ¶/ØkÏRܺ¿�¢5¶t§7ª�£�¤ü©�»³¥u¦�¦�¨/¦Ã¤�¥aÄ\¨�²´®g¦¸£º¥�®�©°¨ÄR¥�¬�²¹¥u§�»¹¨3¦rªu¶�£�¤�¨¦�¥�«E¨]£¸ÅS½7¨�Ça£�¤�¨/¦�¨r©°¥u®�§g¨�«EªRÄu¨/¯�²´®@£�ªÃ£�¤�¨H®�¨°·Ê½g¥�¬�¨°®@£�©°»¹¥\¦�¦ÕdÃ�¿RÕdÃ�­ ¦H«E¨�£�¤�ªP¯�¦H©3¥�®U§7¨�§�µ�¾u¾\ÅMÄu¨°¬º¦�²´ª\®�¦]ªu¶�¦�ª\«E¨Nª�¶_£�¤�¨«E¨�£�¤�ªP¯�¦�¶�¬�ªu«®Õ Ý ¥�®g¯�Õ ° ¿

ï:� Ó Û��}óº¦S�}õ ñ_§×Ô �¸  ñ �Ø5òS�hgd @�ºõöò ñ �¢}®­ÆS¨3©�£�²¹ªu®���¿ ú+·�¨�¥u¬�¾\µ�¨3¯U£�¤�¥�£&åk·Ã¤�¨°®½gª@¦�¦�²¹§�»¹¨/çt¬�¥u®�¯Pªu«M¼²¹à°²¹®�¾�£�¤�¨&ªu¬º¯P¨°¬�²¹®d·Ã¤�²³©º¤d©°ªu«E½�µ�£�¥R£�²¹ªu®�¦H¥�¬�¨(½7¨°¬�¶�ªu¬�«E¨3¯E²³¦¥Uµg¦�¨°¶�µ�»]ªu§P¶�µg¦�©3¥R£�²¹ª\®_¿&ÆS²¹«E²¹»³¥�¬�»¹Å�ÇP²´£�²³¦Nµg¦�¨°¶�µ�»�£�ª¬�¥u®�¯Pªu«M¼²¹à°¨�£�¤�¨Mª\¬�¯P¨3¬(ªu¶�¯P¨/©�»³¥�¬º¥R£�²¹ªu®�¦Ã²¹®Û£�¤�¨E¦�ªuµ�¬º©�¨+¥�½�½�»¹²³©°¥�£�²¹ªu®'¿»]¥�¬�£�²³©°µ�»³¥�¬�»´ÅuÇ�·�¨J¬�¥u®�¯Pª\«E²´à3¨E£�¤�¨­ªu¬º¯P¨°¬Mª�¶�«E¨�£�¤�ªP¯�¦E¥�®�¯²¹®�¦�£�¥�®g©�¨ÃÄR¥�¬�²³¥�§�»¹¨3¦�·Ã²´£�¤�²¹®E©�»³¥\¦�¦�¨3¦]¥u®�¯�¶�ªu¬�«U¥�»P½�¥u¬�¥u«E¨�£�¨3¬�¦·Ã²´£�¤�²¹®�«E¨°£�¤�ªP¯�¦°¿ ¢}®8£�¤�¨á»³¥R£�£�¨3¬©3¥u¦�¨�Ç�£�¤�¨Ê©�ª\¬�¬�¨3¦�½7ªu®�¯S¼²¹®�¾d¥\© £�µg¥�»³¦Ã·Ã²¹»¹»%ª�¶?©°ªuµ�¬º¦�¨¤�¥aÄu¨£�ªd§7¨�¬�¨°ª\¬�¯�¨°¬�¨3¯J¥u¦(·H¨3»¹»1¿ßr¤�¨m½7ª�£�¨°®�©°Å^ªu¶�£�¤�¨/¦�¨m£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²´ª\®�¦�²¹¦U»´ªR· ¥�®�¯D£�¤�¨¬�¨3¦�²´»¹²¹¨°®g©�¨N²³¦�ªu®�¨°¼=·r¥aÅ�¿

¢}® «U¥u®@Å�©3¥u¦�¨3¦ë²´£Ý·Ã²¹»¹»$¥�»³¦�ªí§7¨ ½7ª\¦�¦�²´§�»´¨ £�ª�¬�¨�¼ªu¬º¯P¨3¬�£�¤�¨ ¨3»´¨3«E¨°®@£�¦�·Ã²â£�¤�²¹® ¥�®í¥u¬�¬º¥aÅ�¿ ÆS²¹«E½�»¹Å ½�µP£3Ç·�¨ ½�¬�ªRÄS²³¯P¨ ¥�® ªu½�¥\Ì\µ�¨ ¨3®�©�ªP¯P²¹®�¾ ¶�µ�®�©�£�²¹ªu® �-å�Ƹç·Ã¤�²³©º¤ «U¥�½�¦ë£�¤�¨ÇÆ)® £�¤ ¨°»¹¨3«E¨°®@£þ²´® £�¤�¨ ªu¬�²¹¾u²¹®�¥u»D¥u¬�¼¬º¥aÅ ²¹®@£�ª ²´£�¦ ®�¨°· ½7ª\¦�²´£�²¹ªu® ªu¶$£�¤�¨ ¬�¨3ªu¬º¯P¨°¬�¨3¯ ¥�¬�¬º¥aÅ�®âäã*5 â»ïTñd�ªq%c�ñ ¥#¥#¥ e�éÄ1Å6â-, ) å�â Æ.ñ ¥#¥#¥ æ¢ç�����$q%c�â e ����� éâ�£1£ éê

ëìâäã*5 â»ïTñ �Èqsc ñ ¥#¥#¥ e�éÄ1Å6â�, ) åNâ Æ.ñ ¥#¥1¥ æ¢ç�����!qsc �-å8Æ}ç e ����� éâ�£#£ éê

É Û�©P #]7ô�¦�t� �¨öô�¦u��  ñ ó ¥ �R¦\ó�õö¡� @�)¦\�À�¦�·�¨?¤�¥aÄ\¨H¦�¨°¨3®_Ç�ªu½�¥\Ì@µ�¨?½�¬�¨3¯�²¹©3¥R£�¨3¦%¥u¬�¨?£�¤�¨�«U¥QÁ¸ª\¬'§�µ�²¹»³¯S¼²¹®�¾Ã§�»¹ªP©ºÉN²¹®�£�¤�¨?¯�¨3¦�²´¾\®(ªu¶\£�¬�¥u®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ª\®�¦�£�¤�¥R£�ªu§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�¨©�ª\®@£�¬�ªu»;ý�ªR·&¿?¢}®¶k¥\© £°Ç�£�¤�¨�Ì@µ�¥u»¹²â£¸ÅMªu¶�«Eª@¦¸£N©�ª\®@£�¬�ªu»;£�¬º¥�®g¦¸¼¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ªu®�¦H²³¦�¯�²´¬�¨3©�£�»¹ÅU¯P¨3½g¨3®�¯P¨°®@£Nª\®d£�¤�¨Ì@µ�¥�»¹²´£¸ÅMª�¶]¦�µ�©º¤½�¬�¨3¯P²³©3¥R£�¨/¦�¿

¢}®$ÆS¨/© £�²¹ª\® ��¿��·H¨J¾@¥aÄu¨d¨°Á�¥�«E½�»¹¨3¦�ª�¶&¦�²¹«E½�»¹¨dª\½�¥uÌ@µ�¨½�¬�¨3¯P²³©3¥R£�¨/¦�·Ã²â£�¤Ê×kÜ Ø�¶/ØkÖRè�¥u®�¯Ö�?Ñ�Ö�_&¬�¨3¦�²¹»´²¹¨3®�©�¨u¿-ßr¤�²³¦r«E¨/¥�®�¦£�¤g¥R£�£�¤�¨�ªu½�¥\Ì@µ�¨?½�¬�¨3¯�²¹©3¥R£�¨3¦'©3¥�®§7¨H§�¬�ª\Éu¨°®�åk¥�®�¥�µP£�ªu«U¥R£�²³©

ÿ��

Page 22: masters.donntu.orgmasters.donntu.org/2008/fvti/protivenskiy/library/articles/taxonomy.pdf · !"$#%& ' #' "( )+*-,/.1032/.54768)+9;:1:=@,/A)+:547,3BDCE*-9;FG

åäñnæ âäã*5{q%c^u e�éå�ðQæ0q%cxâ e ï ����� é����������åÍQæ âäã*5 � c^u e � & c ñXu e�éå Ì æ � cxâ e ï ����� éå�îQæ & cxâ e ï ����� é�����å¡Qæ âäã*5 0 c^u e�éå+NQæ¢í 267 å�â»ï ¥ é â-Æ ïr é ââ£#£Qæ0 cxâ e ïVð ª 0 cxâ�£:ñ e�é���������������å+rQæ âäã*5 Á cÌð���ð e�éå+uQæ¢í 267 å�â»ï ¥ é â-Æ ïVð é ââ£#£Qæí 267 å Ç ï ¥ é â6Æ ï%ð é â�£#£læ+ ÄláEÊ*å Á cxâÖ� ÇVe � Á c Ç �Nâ e æ é

ëì

åäñdäNæ âCã*5{q6ñ)c Ì e �.q¥ðdc Ì e�éå�ðräNæ â�í å%å�â�kVðQæ�ïnï ¥ æËqTñ)cxâ å ð e ï=�����) , +-) q¥ðdcxâ å ð e ï=����� é�����åÍräNæ âCã*5 � & cÌð�u e�éå Ì äNæ � & c�Í ª â e ï������ éå�îräNæ � & cxâ å ð ª Í1£Tñ £lâ�kVð e ï ����� é�����å¡räNæ âCã*5 0 ñ)c ñd� Ì e�éå+NräNæ¢í 267 å Ç ï ¥ éÇ Æ ï:ñ éÇ £#£læí 267 å=z¥ï ¥ é z=Æ ï Ì é z*£#£:æâ»í å^z¥ï%ï Ì æ0 ñ)c Ç �=z e ï%ð ª 0 ñ)c Ç £:ñd� ¥ e�é) , +-)0 ñ)c Ç �=z e ï%ð ª 0 ñ)c Ç �^z*£Qñ e�é�����å+rräNæ âCã*5 Á ñ)c^r e�éå+uräNæ¢í 267 åNâ»ï ¥ é â6Æ ï�r é â�£#£læ+ ÄláEÊ*å Á cxâ e � Á c�Í ª åNâ�k:Ílæâ£Qâ å Í e æ éÌ Ý ° Ã È Ä Ô Â Í Î

q ® q Ì q Ý q ° q à q È q Ä q Ô q  q Í q ÎÌ Ý ° Ã È Ä Ô Â Í Î

��® � Ì � Ý � ° �¥Ã �VÈ � Ä �VÔ �  � Í � ÎÌ Ý ° Ã È Ä Ô Â ����� Ý Î

& ® & Ì & Ý & ° & à & È & Ä & Ô &  ����� & Ý ÎÌ Ý ° Ã È Ä Ô Â Í Î0 ® 0 Ì 0Ý0°

0 à 0 È 0 Ä 0 Ô 0  0 Í 0 ÎÌ Ý °Á�® Ì Á Ì � Ì Á Ì � Ý Á Ì � °

Ý Á Ý�� Ì Á Ý�� Ý Á Ý� °° Á ° � Ì Á ° � Ý Á ° � °

ëì

Ì Ý ° Ã Èq6ñ ® q Ì q ° q È q Ô q Í

Ì Ý ° à Èq¥ð ® q Ý q à q Ä q  q Î

Ì Ý ° Ã È Ä Ô Â ����� ° Î� & ® � Ì & Ì & Ý � Ý & ° & à � ° & È ����� & Ý ÎÌ Ý ° à È0 ñ ® Ì 0 Ì 0Ý0°

0 Ã 0 ÈÝ0 Ä 0 Ô 0 Â 0 Í 0 ÎÌ Ý ° Ã È Ä Ô Â Í

Á ñ ® Á Ì � Ì Á Ì � Ý Á Ì � ° Á Ý� Ì Á Ý�� Ý Á Ý�� ° Á ° � Ì Á ° � Ý Á ° � °cedgf�hjiPkqÍ�l+m:H�iRiMr�ÛÕ kt[wRiPhjv)wPhjiPdgyjfj�:H�iRiMr��tR�jpsd�wRwPdgy^f�|�t[wMr4wPk��kyQwPt�|[l)Ñ�Í0}R}M�'r4iRiMr�����k)iPf+dgy^fÂ|�t[wMr4wPk��kyQwPt�|&�'Ñ8�0}R}M�'r4iRiMr��{�x�p���dgy^f�|�t[wMr'wPk��k)y�wPt|&F4Ñ��0}R}M�^r�y_�Xr'iRiMr�4Ï�r'wRwPk)y^dgy^fY|�t[wMr4wPk��kyQwPtÂ|Kx'ÑO­0}R}M�¯P¨°ª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥R£�ªu¬]©�ª\µ�»³¯�¯�¨�£�¨3¬�«E²¹®�¨?£�¤�¨3²¹¬�ÄR¥u»´µ�¨/ç�µ�¦�²´®�¾(»¹ªP©°¥u»@ª\¬¾u»¹ªu§�¥u»�¦¸£º¥R£�²¹©r¥u®�¥�»¹ÅP¦�²³¦°¿q¾(§SÄ@²¹ª\µ�¦�»¹ÅuÇa·�¨Ã¾u¨3®�¨°¬º¥�»¹»¹Å&¬�¨/Ì@µ�²¹¬�¨r¥«�µ�©º¤M¤�²¹¾\¤�¨°¬]¬�¨3¦�²³¦¸£º¥�®�©°¨H£�ª¥R£�£�¥u©ºÉ7¿-¢¸¯P¨3¥u»¹»´ÅuÇ�·H¨�·Hª\µ�»³¯�»¹²¹Éu¨£�ª§g¨E¥�§�»´¨�£�ªJ©�ª\®�¦¸£�¬�µg© £(ª\½�¥uÌ@µ�¨�½�¬�¨3¯P²³©°¥�£�¨/¦N£�¤�¥R£&¬�¨/Ì@µ�²¹¬�¨·Hª\¬�¦�£t©°¥u¦�¨�¨�ÁP½gª\®�¨°®@£�²¹¥u»@£�²¹«E¨�åk²¹®�£�¤�¨N¦�²¹à3¨Hªu¶g£�¤�¨Ã½�¬�ªu¾u¬º¥�«dç£�ªD§�¬�¨/¥�ÉY§�µP£­ª\®�»¹ÅD½7ªu»¹ÅS®�ª\«E²¹¥u»r£�²¹«E¨m£�ªD©°ªu®�¦�£�¬�µ�©�£°¿ ¢}®£�¤�²³¦¦�¨3©�£�²¹ªu®G·H¨d·Ã²´»¹»-½�¬�¨3¦�¨°®@£�£¸·�ªm¦�µ�©º¤G£�¨3©º¤�®�²³Ì@µ�¨/¦�¿Jßr¤�¨ì�¬�¦�£Ãªu®�¨�²³¦�§�¥u¦�¨3¯dªu®J¥�»¹²³¥u¦�²´®�¾�ÇR£�¤�¨¦�¨/©�ªu®g¯Uªu®�»¹²´¾\¤@£¸·H¨3²´¾\¤@£½�¬�ªP©°¨3¦�¦�¨/¦�¿

É � ï Û�©� #]7ô_¦�ftò ñ � ����ôP¡�����Ð���õ ñ^§ Û��gÑ-¦\¡R�º��  ñ óü��¨ õé @��¦u�¢}®\£�¨°¬�¼=½�¬�ªP©�¨/¯Pµ�¬º¥�»]¦�£�¥R£�²³©�¥u®�¥�»¹ÅP¦�²³¦�²¹¦�¦�²¹¾u®�²´ìg©3¥�®@£�»¹Å©�ªu«E½�»´²´¼©°¥R£�¨3¯�·Ã¤�¨°®�¨°Äu¨3¬-£�¤�¨3¬�¨r²³¦-¥�½gª@¦�¦�²¹§�²¹»´²´£¸Å(ª�¶7¥u»¹²¹¥\¦�²¹®�¾�¿_¢}®�¶k¥\© £3ǯP²´ø7¨3¬�¨3®\£Äu¨3¬�¦�²¹ªu®�¦Eªu¶½�¬�¨3©�²³¦�¨Û¦�£�¥R£�²³©m¥�»¹²³¥u¦U¥u®�¥�»¹ÅP¦�²¹¦M¤g¥aÄu¨§g¨3¨°®�¦�¤�ªR·Ã®&£�ª�§7¨���»]¼5¤�¥�¬º¯Eùs�aÿ/ûSªu¬�¨°Äu¨3®�µ�®�¯P¨/©�²³¯�¥u§�»¹¨�ù ÿ�úRû=¿ÍG¨&©°¥u®U¨�ÁP½�»¹ªu²´£]£�¤�²³¦t¶k¥\© £?£�ª+©°ªu®�¦�£�¬�µ�©�£?ªu½�¥\Ì@µ�¨�½�¬�¨3¯�²¹©3¥R£�¨3¦·Ã¤�²³©º¤^¥�¬�¨J¯P²´ÞE©°µ�»´£�£�ªG§�¬�¨/¥�É7¿±¢5£U¦�¤�ªuµ�»³¯È§7¨J®�ª�£�¨3¯±£�¤�¥�£

£�¤�¨°¬�¨�¥�¬�¨U«U¥u®@Åü¶k¥u¦�£�§�µP£+²¹«E½�¬�¨3©°²³¦�¨E¥�»¹²³¥u¦�¥u®�¥�»¹ÅP¦�²¹¦�¥u»¹¾uª�¼¬�²â£�¤�«U¦(£�¤�¥�£·Ã²¹»´»]¯P¨°£�¨/© £�¦�ªu«E¨M¥�»¹²³¥u¦�¨3¦�¦�ªu«E¨+ª�¶�£�¤�¨M£�²¹«E¨�ǧ�µP£N®�ª�£�¥�»¹»_¥�»¹²³¥u¦�¨3¦H¥�»¹»_ª�¶�£�¤�¨&£�²¹«E¨�¿

ßr¤�¨§g¥u¦�²¹©�²³¯P¨3¥Û²³¦�£�ªÊ©�ªu®g¦¸£�¬�µ�©�£U¥ü©°ªu«E½�»¹¨�ÁȯPÅS®�¥u«E²³©¦�£�¬�µ�© £�µ�¬�¨�¥�®�¯M«U¥u²¹®\£º¥�²¹®M¥¦�¨°£Hªu¶'½gª\²´®@£�¨°¬º¦]²¹®\£�ª�£�¤�²¹¦H¦¸£�¬�µg© ¼£�µ�¬�¨u¿ ¾(½�¥\Ì@µ�¨�½�¬�¨/¯P²³©°¥R£�¨3¦+©°¥u®±£�¤�¨°®D§g¨­¯P¨/¦�²¹¾\®�¨3¯±·Ã¤�²³©º¤¥u¦�ÉYÌ\µ�¨3¦�£�²¹ªu®�¦E£�¤�¥�£J©3¥�®$ªu®�»´ÅD§7¨ü¥�®g¦�·�¨°¬�¨3¯D²´¶�¥�®$²¹®@£�¨3¬�¼½�¬�ªP©�¨3¯�µ�¬�¥u»_¥�»¹²³¥u¦�²´®�¾�¥�®�¥u»¹ÅS¦�²³¦t¤�¥\¦r§g¨3¨°®J½7¨°¬�¶�ªu¬�«E¨3¯;¿

« ª\®�¦�²¹¯�¨°¬�£�¤�¨&ª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥R£�¨3¯�«E¨�£�¤�ªP¯ 9 ²¹® ��²´¾\µ�¬�¨&ÿ��P¿]¢}®P¼£�¨3¬�¦�½7¨°¬º¦�¨/¯·Ã²´£�¤ 9 ­ ¦�ªu¬�²¹¾u²¹®�¥�»@©�ªP¯P¨r¥�¬�¨H§7ªu¾\µ�¦�«E¨�£�¤�ªP¯�©°¥u»¹»¹¦¥�®g¯E¬�¨/¯Pµ�®�¯�¥�®@£�©°ªu«E½�µP£º¥R£�²´ª\®�¦-¾uµg¥�¬º¯P¨3¯M§SÅMªu½�¥\Ì@µ�¨N½�¬�¨3¯P²´¼©°¥�£�¨/¦�¿]ßr¤�¨r«E¨�£�¤�ªP¯+©3¥�»¹»³¦'«U¥u®�²¹½�µ�»³¥R£�¨t£¸·�ª�¾\»¹ªu§�¥u»\½7ªu²¹®@£�¨3¬�¦; ¥u®�¯ Å ·Ã¤�²³©º¤D½gª\²¹®\£U²¹®@£�ªÊ¯P²´ø;¨°¬�¨°®@£U©�ª\®�®�¨3©�£�¨/¯D©°ªu«E½7ª�¼®�¨3®\£º¦áå8¨Y¥�®�¯vÒ�çEª�¶+¥±¯PÅS®�¥u«E²¹©Û¦¸£�¬�µ�©�£�µ�¬�¨�¿þßr¤�¨á¦¸£º¥R£�¨�¼«E¨°®@£�L ; ï ; ¨ � 2 � ) åCæ!N ·Ã²´»¹»7®�ªu®�¼5¯P¨°£�¨3¬�«E²¹®�²³¦�£�²³©°¥u»´»´Å�µ�½;¯�¥R£�¨ ;£�ªJ½7ªu²¹®@£�¦�ªu«E¨3·Ã¤�¨°¬�¨�¨3»¹¦�¨�·Ã²´£�¤�²¹®�¨g¿%ßr¤�¨+¦�£�¥�£�¨3«E¨°®@£hL Å.ïÅ ¨ fCã +-)67 5�åÌã ) ÄÓ� 2 � ) æ�N ²´®g¦�¨3¬�£º¦E¥Ê®�¨°· ®�ªP¯P¨m²¹®@£�ªQÒD¥�®�¯µ�½;¯�¥R£�¨3¦ Å £�ª+½gª\²´®@£t£�ª�¦�ªu«E¨N®�ªS¯�¨�·Ã²´£�¤�²¹®6Ò7¿ 9 å1¥�®�¯Uª�£�¤�¨°¬

ÿuÿ

Page 23: masters.donntu.orgmasters.donntu.org/2008/fvti/protivenskiy/library/articles/taxonomy.pdf · !"$#%& ' #' "( )+*-,/.1032/.54768)+9;:1:=@,/A)+:547,3BDCE*-9;FG

«E¨�£�¤�ªS¯�¦_£�¤g¥R£ 9 ©3¥�»¹»³¦�çg²³¦'¾\²´Ä\¨°®&¥�®¨°ÁS£�¬º¥Ã½gª\²¹®\£�¨°¬%¥u¬�¾\µ�«E¨°®@£í ·Ã¤�²³©º¤�¥u»³¦�ª+¬�¨°¶�¨°¬º¦H£�ªEªu§ºÁ¸¨3© £º¦r·Ã²´£�¤�²¹®M¨g¿

ßr¤�²³¦t¦�¨�£�¼=µ�½U¥u»¹»´ªR·N¦�µ�¦-£�ª�©�ª\®�¦�£�¬�µ�© £tª\½�¥uÌ@µ�¨Ã½�¬�¨3¯�²¹©3¥R£�¨3¦»´²¹É\¨]£�¤�ª@¦�¨Hª�¶�¦�£�¥�£�¨°«E¨3®@£�¦�ú(¥�®g¯��Nªu¶���²´¾\µ�¬�¨Hÿ���¿�ßr¤�¨H½�¬�¨/¯P²´¼©°¥R£�¨ ínï%ï ; «U¥aÅ&§g¨r¨°²´£�¤�¨°¬�£�¬�µ�¨rªu¬�¶k¥�»³¦�¨�¦�²¹®�©�¨ í ¥�®�¯ ; «EªRÄu¨¥�¬�ªuµ�®�¯Û·Ã²´£�¤�²¹®­£�¤�¨U¦�¥u«E¨�©°ªu«E½7ªu®�¨3®\£3¿ « ªu®SÄ\¨°¬º¦�¨3»´ÅuÇ ; ï%ï-Å«�µ�¦�£H§7¨(¶k¥�»³¦�¨�¦�²¹®�©°¨ ; ¥�®g¯ Å ¬�¨°¶�¨°¬H£�ª�®�ªP¯P¨3¦�·Ã²´£�¤�²¹®U¯P²´ø;¨°¬�¼¨°®@£�©�ª\«E½gª\®�¨°®@£�¦°¿

Æ@£º¥R£�¨3«E¨°®@£�¦Y���_#­²¹® ��²¹¾uµ�¬�¨�ÿ��Û¨°ÁP½�»¹ªu²´£�¥�»¹²³¥u¦�²¹®�¾�¿Gßr¤�¨½�¬�¨/¯P²³©°¥�£�¨E²¹®Ê¦¸£º¥R£�¨3«E¨°®@£X�·Ã²¹»¹»]§g¨d£�¬�µ�¨Uª\¬�¶k¥�»³¦�¨U¯P¨°½7¨°®�¯P¼²´®�¾�ª\®Û·Ã¤�¨°£�¤�¨3¬ í ¥�®�¯ ; ½gª\²¹®\£�£�ª£�¤�¨E¦�¥u«E¨�ªu¬�¯P²´ø;¨°¬�¨°®@£ªu§�Á¸¨/© £�¦°¿tßr¤�¨�½�¬�¨/¯P²³©°¥�£�¨�²¹®d¦�£�¥�£�¨3«E¨°®@£���«�µg¦¸£�¨°ÄR¥�»¹µ�¥�£�¨N£�ª£�¬�µ�¨¦�²¹®�©°¨ í ¥�®�¯ Å ©3¥�®�®�ªu£N¥�»¹²³¥u¦?£�¤�¨¦�¥�«E¨�ªu§�Á¸¨/© £3¿

É � ¤ Û�©� #]7ô_¦�ftò ñ � ����ôP¡�����Ð���õ ñ^§×Ô�Õ �[¦@ @ó��»]¥�¬º¥�»¹»¹¨°»r½�¬�ªu¾u¬º¥�«U¦M¥u¬�¨m«Eª\¬�¨m¯�²âÞU©°µ�»´£E£�ª^¥u®�¥�»¹ÅSà°¨­¦�£�¥�£�²´¼©°¥�»¹»¹ÅÈ£�¤�¥�®�£�¤�¨3²´¬¦�¨/Ì@µ�¨°®@£�²³¥u»�©�ª\µ�®@£�¨°¬�½�¥u¬�£º¦�¿ ßr¤�¨G¬�¨3¥u¦�ªu®²¹¦�£�¤�¨°²¹¬MسÙg×5Ñ°Ü èâѺÖQ¶/سÙ@îU¦�¨°«U¥u®@£�²³©°¦'®�HY¦¸£º¥R£�¨°«E¨°®@£º¦(²¹®á¥½�¥�¬�¼¥�»¹»¹¨°»�¬�¨°¾\²´ª\®ÏL ódÔ�Õ è Ý¥é è ° é ����� é èÖ� é ú!Ö�þ�ódÔ�Õ N ©3¥�®§g¨�¨�ÁP¨3©°µP£�¨/¯�²¹®ÔH ×7¯�²âø;¨°¬�¨°®@£N·r¥aÅP¦�¿�¢}®m¦�½�²´£�¨�ª�¶-£�¤�²³¦°Ç7¦�ªu«E¨¦¸£º¥R£�²³©r¥�®g¥�»¹ÅP¦�¨/¦%ªRÄ\¨°¬-½�¥�¬º¥�»¹»¹¨°»@½�¬�ªu¾\¬�¥u«U¦�©3¥�®+§g¨Ã½7¨°¬�¶�ªu¬�«E¨3¯²´®ü½gª\»¹Å@®�ªu«E²³¥�»%£�²¹«E¨�ù��+�/û=Ç%·Ã¤�²¹»¹¨�ªu£�¤�¨3¬�¦�¬�¨3Ì@µ�²¹¬�¨�¥�»¹»�H ×'²¹®P¼£�¨°¬�»¹¨3¥aÄS²¹®�¾\¦t£�ªE§7¨©�ª\®�¦�²³¯P¨3¬�¨/¯;¿

¢}®­Âu¥aÄR¥PÇS½�¥u¬�¥u»´»¹¨3»�¬�¨3¾u²¹ªu®g¦?¥�¬�¨(©°ªu®�¦�£�¬�µ�©�£�¨3¯dµ�¦�²´®�¾»¹²´¾\¤@£�¼·H¨3²´¾\¤@£�½�¬�ªP©�¨/¦�¦�¨3¦�ÉS®�ªR·Ã®ü¥\¦E×��PÜ�ѺÖuÐRÕ�¿�Â\¥aÄR¥U£�¤�¬�¨3¥u¯�¦(¤g¥aÄu¨å³¶�¬�ªu«Ýªuµ�¬H½gª\²¹®\£Hª�¶_ÄS²´¨3·�ç�£¸·�ªÄu¨3¬�Å�µ�¦�¨°¶�µ�»7½�¬�ª\½g¨3¬�£�²¹¨3¦'®�åP�aç£�¤�¨3²´¬M¦�©º¤�¨3¯Pµ�»´²¹®�¾­½7ªu»¹²³©�ÅG²³¦®�ªu£M¦�½7¨3©�²´ì�¨/¯È¦�£�¬�²¹©�£�»¹ÅÛ§SÅá£�¤�¨»¹¥u®�¾uµg¥�¾u¨�¦�½7¨3©°²´ìg©°¥�£�²¹ªu®�¥u®�¯�·Ã²´»¹»S¤�¨3®�©�¨Ã¯P¨3½g¨3®�¯+ªu®�£�¤�¨Ã²¹«M¼½�»¹¨°«E¨°®@£º¥R£�²¹ª\®_Ç\¥�®g¯­å1ÿuç]£�¤�¨&¥u©�£�µ�¥u»g¦�©º¤�¨3¯�µ�»¹²´®�¾�ªu¶%¥&£�¤�¬�¨/¥u¯·Ã²´»¹»-¯P¨°½7¨°®g¯Ûª\®Û¥u¦�ÅS®�©º¤�¬�ªu®�ª\µ�¦N¨3Äu¨°®@£º¦(¾\¨°®�¨3¬�¥�£�¨/¯­§SÅ­µ�¦�¨3¬²´®@£�¨°¬º¥u© £�²¹ªu®_ÇP®�¨°£¸·Hª\¬�ÉE£�¬�¥�ìg©RÇg¨�£�©�¿ « ª\«�§�²¹®�¨/¯U·Ã²´£�¤�£�¤�¨²¹®P¼¤�¨°¬�¨°®@£�²¹®@£�¨3¬�»¹¨/¥aÄ@²¹®�¾á¦�¨°«U¥�®@£�²¹©3¦Eª�¶½g¥�¬º¥�»¹»¹¨°»Ã¬�¨°¾u²¹ª\®�¦�Çã�¤�²³¦«E¨3¥�®g¦&£�¤�¥�££�¤�¬�¨/¥u¯�¦�¥u¬�¨EÄ\¨°¬�Åü¯P²´ÞU©�µ�»´£&£�ªü¥�®�¥u»´ÅSà3¨+¦�£�¥�£�²´¼©°¥�»¹»¹Å�¿

Íá¨?·Ã²¹»¹»Rµ�¦�¨t£�¤�¨/¦�¨tª\§�¦�¨°¬�Äa¥�£�²¹ªu®g¦�£�ª�©�¬�¨3¥�£�¨]ª\½�¥uÌ@µ�¨t½�¬�¨/¯S¼²¹©3¥R£�¨3¦�£�¤g¥R£·Ã²¹»¹»�¬�¨3Ì@µ�²¹¬�¨�·�ªu¬º¦�£�¼}©°¥u¦�¨�¨°ÁP½gª\®�¨°®@£�²³¥u»-£�²¹«E¨�£�ª§�¬�¨/¥�É7¿tßr¤�¨�§�¥u¦�²³©Ã²³¯P¨3¥�²¹¦HÄu¨3¬�ÅE¦�²¹«E²´»³¥u¬�£�ª�£�¤�¨�ªu®�¨�µ�¦�¨3¯U²¹®ÆS¨3©�£�²¹ªu®���¿���®�¥(¾u»¹ªu§�¥u»\¯�¥�£�¥�¦¸£�¬�µg© £�µ�¬�¨Ã^�²³¦�©�¬�¨3¥R£�¨3¯�¥�®�¯�ªP©�¼©°¥u¦�²¹ªu®�¥u»¹»´Åõ�½7¯�¥�£�¨/¯;Ç�§�µP£-Éu¨3½P£�²¹®¥�¦�£�¥�£�¨�¦�µ�©º¤&£�¤�¥R£-ªu½g¥uÌ@µ�¨Ì\µ�¨°¬�²´¨/¦�©3¥�®Ê§7¨�«U¥\¯P¨�¿üßr¤�¨�¯P²´ø;¨°¬�¨°®�©°¨U²³¦�£�¤g¥R£Ó^ ²³¦µ�½�¼¯�¥R£�¨3¯§SÅd©�ª\®�©�µ�¬�¬�¨°®@£�»¹ÅM¨�ÁP¨3©°µP£�²¹®�¾+£�¤�¬�¨/¥u¯�¦°¿

¾(§SÄS²´ª\µ�¦�»´ÅuÇ<^Ý©°¥�®J§7¨�¥E¯PÅS®�¥u«E²¹©�¯�¥�£�¥M¦¸£�¬�µg© £�µ�¬�¨¦�µ�©º¤¥u¦M£�¤�¨mªu®�¨Û©�¬�¨3¥�£�¨3¯D²¹® ��²¹¾\µ�¬�¨Ûÿ��P¿ ßr¤�¨J£�¤�¬�¨3¥\¯�¦E·�ªuµ�»³¯¬�¥u®�¯Pªu«E»¹ÅJ«EªRÄu¨�£�¤�¨E¾\»¹ªu§�¥u»�½7ªu²¹®@£�¨3¬�¦ ; ¥u®�¯ Å ¥�¬�ªuµ�®�¯Û²¹®£�¤�¨3²´¬-¬�¨3¦�½g¨/© £�²´Ä\¨H©°ªu«E½7ªu®�¨3®\£º¦�Ç�§SÅ¥\¦�ÅS®�©º¤�¬�ªu®�ªuµ�¦�»¹Å�¨�ÁP¨/©�µP£�¼²´®�¾�©°¥u»¹»¹¦N£�ª à 2 � ) ¥�®�¯ âäã +-)67 5 ¿&ßr¤�²³¦(¤�¥u¦�£�¤�¨+¥\¯PÄR¥�®@£�¥u¾u¨ª�¶�©°ªu«+§�²¹®�²¹®�¾U¯�¥�£�¥�¬�¥\©�¨3¦�·Ã²´£�¤ü²¹®\£�¨°¬�»¹¨3¥aÄS²¹®�¾E¥�®�¯ü¥�»¹²³¥u¦�²´®�¾¨�ø;¨3© £º¦�Ç�¶�ªu¬ÃÄu¨3¬�Åd¤�²¹¾u¤�¯�¨°¾u¬�¨°¨/¦�ª�¶-¬�¨/¦�²¹»¹²¹¨°®�©°¨�¿

¢}® ��²¹¾uµ�¬�¨UÿRú­·�¨U²¹»¹»´µg¦¸£�¬�¥�£�¨£�¤�¨3¦�¨d²³¯P¨/¥u¦&·Ã²´£�¤È¥J«+µ�©º¤¦�²¹«E½�»¹¨°¬�¨�Á�¥�«E½�»´¨?·Ã¤�¨°¬�¨Ã^�²³¦-¥�½�¥u²¹¬�ªu¶g¾u»¹ª\§�¥�»\²´®@£�¨°¾u¨3¬�ÄR¥u¬�²´¼¥�§�»¹¨3¦ ç ¥�®�¯�¬g¿;¢5£(²³¦(§�¥u¦�¨3¯mªu®­£�¤�¨�·�¨°»¹»´¼5É@®�ªR·Ã®d¶k¥\© £�¶�¬�ªu«¨°»¹¨°«E¨3®\£º¥�¬�ÅM®@µ�«�§7¨°¬r£�¤�¨°ª\¬�ÅE£�¤�¥R£3Ç�¶�ªu¬N¥u®SÅU²¹®\£�¨°¾\¨°¬º¦Û�­¥u®�¯Ø Dz� Ø ° � ��Ù¹ �l°u¿

56Å 7*) á1� ­ çâäã:5 ' éÄ1ÅTâ-, ) åäñnæ(ç' ï 7 á»ã*� 2 àGåäñ � & æ éç�ï '/ªâ' é+ , )#) Ê*åÍQæ éê

ê

56Å 7*) á1� m çâCã*5 ' éÄ6Å6â-, ) åäñ æ�ç' ï 7 á�ã<� 2 àGåCñd� & æ é¬ ïÚN ª '/ªâ' é+ , )1) Ê*å�ðQæ éç ª ï§ç é+ , )1) Ê*å�îQæ éê

êâäã*5 çw� ¬ é. 2 ã + 5 & ï +�Û17 5�å¸àTá ß âCã*5Tæ å ñ ¥ éàTálâCã åNæ�ç­ ¨ 7 4%ãRåCæ é m ¨ 7 4%ã*åCæ é�����â»í å�å�¬ � ñ ç ¹+¹ ç ç i^Ü Ê�����ê

cedgf+h�iPk�ÍN�jmQ»·yUwP�^dgt�k)Òjr����jpgk+��wP�jk �jiPk�jdgv�r'wPk�r4w���x+dgyQw � Ú¿dgpgpr�p Ú"r���t"k)�+r'psh^r'wPk�wPxÞÝ�ß DEF<B �[P<Ú"xÂwP�jiPk�r��jt à�r'y_��á�xQvv�r'tRdsx�y_r'psp��Ú�r'~0kqhj��wPx�h^�º�jr'wPk�f+pgx+�^r�p��+r4iPdsr��^pgkt�°�r�y^�Þ±*Ú¿dgwP��y^k�Ú iMr�y^�jx+���r�pgh^kt��� x�wPdgvk�wP�^r'w$à�r�y_��á�r4iPk dgy��+x+pg�0k���dgyNro�^r4wMr'Ñ`iMr�vk�x+y°^�^�^hjw�wP�^r'w¿wP�^dgt��jxQk)t�yjx�w���r'wRwPk-i�r't¿psx�y^f�r't�r'tRtRdsf�y^��kyQwPt�r'iPkr'wPx���dgv+�QÕ kf+r'iM��psk)tRt�x'{<Ú¿�jk)wP�^k)iÞàox�i�á2Ú¿dsyjt�wP�^k�iMr�vk+��°2Ú¿dgpgp�^x�ps�owP�^k�tP�Qh^r'iPkÂx�{²r�y�h^����k-i��

â Ö�¦\òg�_ظôP��¡� @�ºõöò ñ   ñ ó ¥ �[¦�Új¦ ñ �ºõgÚ�¦ Ô �}  ñ �Ø}òS�hgU @� õéò ñ ��m¥u®@ÅÛª�¶Hª\µ�¬&ªu§P¶�µg¦�©3¥R£�²¹®�¾�£�¬º¥�®g¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®�¦�å�½�¥u¬�£�²¹©°µ�»³¥�¬�»¹Å£�¤�¨�©�ª\®@£�¬�ªu»;£�¬º¥�®g¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®�¦Hª�¶?ÆS¨/© £�²´ª\®=�P¿éÿuçr©3¥�®­§7¨�¦�¥u²³¯£�ª­¨3«�§7¨3¯G¥J§7ªu¾uµg¦&½�¬�ª\¾u¬º¥�« ·Ã²´£�¤�²´®G¥J¬�¨/¥�»]½�¬�ªu¾\¬�¥u«J¿+¢}®ª�£�¤�¨°¬-·�ªu¬º¯�¦°ÇR¥u®ªu§�¶�µ�¦�©3¥R£�¨3¯�¥u½�½�»¹²³©°¥�£�²¹ªu®&¬�¨3¥�»¹»¹Å�©°ªu®�¦�²³¦¸£º¦%ªu¶£¸·�ª­½�¬�ª\¾u¬º¥�«U¦(«E¨°¬�¾u¨/¯Û²¹®@£�ªJªu®�¨�®+¥J¬�¨3¥u»]½�¬�ªu¾u¬º¥�«í·Ã¤�²³©º¤½7¨°¬�¶�ªu¬�«U¦�¥(µ�¦�¨�¶�µ�»S£º¥u¦�É¥�®�¯+¥�§7ªu¾\µ�¦�½�¬�ªu¾u¬º¥�« ·Ã¤�²³©º¤�©°ªu«M¼½�µP£�¨3¦(µ�¦�¨°»¹¨3¦�¦Ã²¹®P¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ªu®_¿rßr¤�¨�¦�ªu»¹¨�½�µ�¬�½7ª\¦�¨ª�¶-£�¤�¨�§7ª�¼¾uµg¦-½�¬�ª\¾u¬º¥�« ²³¦�£�ª�©�ª\®P¶�µ�¦�¨�½7ª�£�¨°®@£�²³¥u»P¬�¨3Äu¨°¬º¦�¨?¨°®�¾u²¹®�¨°¨3¬�¦�§SŤ�²³¯P²¹®�¾�£�¤�¨�¬�¨3¥u»;½�¬�ª\¾u¬º¥�«þ§7¨°¤�²¹®�¯�²¹¬�¬�¨°»¹¨3Äa¥u®@£�©�ªP¯P¨u¿

ßr¤�¨�ªu½g¥uÌ@µ�¨½�¬�¨3¯�²¹©3¥R£�¨�²¹¦N£�¤�¨�«U¥�²¹®­¯P¨°ÄS²³©�¨£�¤�¨�ªu§P¶�µ�¦�¼©°¥�£�ª\¬]¤�¥u¦t¥�£t²´£�¦t¯P²³¦�½gª@¦�¥u»@£�ª½�¬�¨°Ä\¨°®@£-£�¤�¨�§gª\¾uµ�¦]²¹®�®�¨°¬]½�¬�ª�¼¾u¬º¥�« ¶�¬�ªu« §7¨°²¹®�¾D¨3¥\¦�²¹»¹Å±²³¯P¨3®\£�²´ì�¨3¯�¥u®�¯8¬�¨3«EªRÄu¨3¯_¿ ��ªu¬¨�Á�¥u«E½�»¹¨�Çg²¹®=��²¹¾uµ�¬�¨�ÿj��åk¥@çºÇ_¥�®mª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�ªu¬(¨°«+§g¨/¯�¦N§7ªu¾\µ�¦©�ªP¯P¨Ã½�¬�ªu£�¨3©�£�¨/¯�§SÅ�ª\½�¥uÌ@µ�¨�½�¬�¨3¯P²³©3¥R£�¨/¦�·Ã²â£�¤�²¹®�£�¤�¬�¨°¨Ã¦¸£º¥R£�¨�¼«E¨°®@£º¦�ªu¶(¥m¬�¨3¥u»H½�¬�ªu¾\¬�¥u«J¿GÀ ¯P¨°ª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�ªu¬�­ ¦£º¥u¦�ÉG²³¦�£�ª¨�Á�¥u«E²´®�¨£�¤�¨Eªu§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�¨/¯ü¥u½�½�»¹²³©°¥R£�²¹ªu®m¥�®g¯G¥uµP£�ª\«U¥R£�²¹©3¥�»¹»¹Å²³¯P¨°®@£�²â¶�Åü¥�®�¯G¬�¨°«EªRÄu¨�£�¤�¨U²¹®�®�¨°¬�§7ªu¾\µ�¦�½�¬�ªu¾\¬�¥u«J¿Uß%ªÛ¥\© ¼©�ª\«E½�»¹²³¦�¤�£�¤�²³¦°Ç;£�¤�¨M¯P¨°ª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�ªu¬(«�µg¦¸£(ì�¬�¦�£�ØkÐ\Ñ�Ù7×kØ Óºä+¥�®�¯£�¤�¨°®$Ñ4¶RÖRèéÔ�Öu×=Ñ�ª\½�¥uÌ@µ�¨+©�ª\®�¦¸£�¬�µg© £�¦°¿ßr¤�²³¦�½�¬�ªP©�¨/¦�¦(²³¦�²¹»¹»¹µ�¦�¼£�¬º¥R£�¨3¯�²¹®N��²¹¾uµ�¬�¨�ÿ���åk§P¼}¯�线

��²¹¾uµ�¬�¨­ÿ��G¦�¤�ªR·N¦�£�¤�¨m¥�®g¥R£�ª\«�Åáªu¶�¥á¦�¨3«E²´¼5¥uµP£�ª\«U¥R£�²³©¯P¨3ªu§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�²¹ªu®G£�ª@ª\»=¿J¢5£�²´®g©�ªu¬�½7ªu¬º¥R£�¨/¦�¥­®Sµ�«+§g¨3¬ª�¶r£�¨/©º¤P¼®�²³Ì@µ�¨3¦£�¤�¥�£+¥u¬�¨U·�¨°»¹»tÉS®�ªR·Ã®±²´®á£�¤�¨d¬�¨°Ä\¨°¬º¦�¨E¨3®�¾u²¹®�¨3¨°¬�²¹®�¾©�ª\«E«�µ�®�²´£¸Å�¿�¢}®Y£�¤�¨m¬�¨3«U¥�²¹®�¯P¨3¬Mª�¶&£�¤�²³¦U¦�¨3©�£�²¹ªu®D·�¨­·Ã²´»¹»

ÿ��

Page 24: masters.donntu.orgmasters.donntu.org/2008/fvti/protivenskiy/library/articles/taxonomy.pdf · !"$#%& ' #' "( )+*-,/.1032/.54768)+9;:1:=@,/A)+:547,3BDCE*-9;FG

§�¬�²¹¨°ý�Å�¬�¨°ÄS²¹¨°·Y¦�ª\«E¨rª�¶_£�¤�¨3¦�¨Ã£�¨/©º¤�®�²³Ì@µ�¨3¦t¥u®�¯E¯P²³¦�©�µ�¦�¦]ÄR¥�¬�¼²´ª\µ�¦]©�ª\µ�®@£�¨3¬�¼5«E¨3¥\¦�µ�¬�¨3¦�åk¦�ª�©3¥�»¹»¹¨3¯&ã;Ü�Ñ'¶aÑ°Ùg×1Ø�¶aÑ&×1Ü�Ö�Ù�Õ�Ó�ÏRÜ��EÖQ½×kØkÏ�Ù�Õ�çH£�¤�¥�£�¥�®ªu§P¶�µg¦�©3¥R£�ª\¬Ã©°¥�®¨°«E½�»´ªRÅ+£�ª+«U¥uÉu¨�¯P¨°ª\§P¶�µ�¦�¼©°¥R£�²¹ªu®d«Eª\¬�¨&¯P²´ÞU©�µ�»´£3¿

â � ï ¥ �[¦�Új¦ ñ �ºõgÚ�¦ Ô �}  ñ �Ø5òS�hgd \� õéò ñ �»t¬�¨°Äu¨3®@£�²¹Äu¨�£�¬º¥�®g¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®�¦�å¯��²¹¾uµ�¬�¨��@å�¾Sç�çÃ¥u¬�¨�Ì@µ�²´£�¨�¯P²´¶³¼¶�¨°¬�¨°®@£U²¹®±ýg¥aÄ\ªu¬+¶�¬�ªu« ©°ªu®@£�¬�ªu»Ãª\¬M¯�¥R£�¥G£�¬�¥u®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ª\®�¦�¿¢}®G©°ªu®@£�¬º¥u¦�£(£�ª£�¤�¨/¦�¨uÇ'£�¤�¨3²¹¬(«U¥u²´®Û¾uª\¥u»-²¹¦(®�ªu£�£�ªJªu§�¦�©�µ�¬�¨£�¤�¨E½�¬�ªu¾\¬�¥u« £�ª­¥�¤Sµ�«U¥u®m¬�¨3¥u¯�¨°¬3¿X N¥�£�¤�¨3¬°Ç_£�¤�¨°ÅÛ¥u¬�¨M¯P¨°¼¦�²¹¾u®�¨3¯±£�ªÊ«U¥�É\¨JÉ@®�ªR·Ã®D¥uµP£�ª\«U¥R£�²³©¯P¨°ª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�²¹ªu®±£�¨3©º¤�¼®�²³Ì\µ�¨3¦+«Eªu¬�¨�¯P²´ÞU©�µ�»â£Jå¸Ø³Ù���Ñ°Ü�Ñ�Ù7×ý�¬�¨°Ä\¨°®@£�²¹Äu¨U£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R¼£�²¹ªu®�¦ºçºÇ�ªu¬&£�ªJ¨°ÁS½�»´ª\¬�¨�ÉS®�ªR·Ã®ü½�¬�ª\§�»¹¨°«U¦N²¹®á©�µ�¬�¬�¨°®@£¯P¨°ª\§P¼¶�µ�¦�©3¥R£�ªu¬º¦ªu¬+¯P¨3©°ªu«E½�²¹»¹¨°¬º¦Må�×5ÖRÜ1î@Ñ3×=ѺÐE½�¬�¨3Äu¨°®@£�²´Ä\¨M£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�¼«U¥R£�²¹ª\®�¦�ç ¿

â � ï � ï ð³ñ�Õ ¦@�[¦ ñ � ¥ �R¦�Ú�¦ ñ � õ�Új¦ Ô �}  ñ �Ø}ò@��gU @� õéò ñ �¢}®�¤�¨°¬�¨°®@£�½�¬�¨3Äu¨3®\£�²¹Äu¨r£�¬º¥�®g¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®�¦-·Ã²¹»¹»�¾\¨°®�¨3¬�¥u»´»¹Å¤g¥aÄu¨»´ªR· ½7ª�£�¨3®�©�ÅÚ¥u®�¯Ú¤�²¹¾u¤ ¬�¨3¦�²¹»´²¹¨3®�©�¨u¿ �­ª@¦¸£ü²´«E½7ªu¬�£�¥u®@£�»¹Å�Ç£�¤�¨3Å ·Ã²¹»¹»M¤�¥aÄu¨D£�¤�¨�¥�§�²¹»¹²´£¸ÅË£�ª ÒºÏ3ÏRÕ�×M£�¤�¨�¬�¨/¦�²¹»¹²¹¨°®�©°¨Èª�¶ª�£�¤�¨°¬J£�¬º¥�®g¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®�¦°¿ À�¦­¥u®8¨°ÁP¥u«E½�»¹¨�Ç(¥\¦�¦�µ�«E¨ü£�¤�¥�£·H¨�¤g¥aÄu¨Y¬�¨3ªu¬º¯P¨°¬�¨3¯ë¥ ¶�ª\¬�¼5»¹ª@ª\½ £�ª ¬�µ�®þ§�¥u©ºÉS·r¥�¬º¯�¦�Çd¥\¦¦�µ�¾\¾u¨/¦¸£�¨3¯ ²¹® ¦�¨/© £�²¹ª\® ��¿ ú�¿ Íᨠ·�¨°¬�¨ ¥�§�»´¨ £�ª ¥�½�½�»¹Å£�¤�²³¦E£�¬�¥u®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ª\®±ªu®�»´Å^§g¨/©°¥uµ�¦�¨Û·H¨G©�ªuµ�»¹¯Y¯P¨°£�¨3¬�«E²¹®�¨£�¤�¥�£E£�¤�¨J»¹ªSªu½±¤g¥u¯È®�ªG»¹ªSªu½�¼5©3¥�¬�¬�²¹¨3¯á¯�¥�£�¥á¯P¨3½g¨3®�¯P¨°®g©�²¹¨3¦°¿��¥R£�µ�¬º¥�»¹»¹Å�ÇU£�¤�¨°¬�¨�²³¦Ê®�ªu£�¤�²¹®�¾ ¦�£�ª\½�½�²¹®�¾ ¥ ¯P¨3ªu§P¶�µg¦�©3¥R£�ª\¬¶�¬�ª\« ½g¨3¬�¶�ª\¬�«E²¹®�¾+£�¤�¨+¦�¥�«E¨�¥u®�¥�»¹ÅP¦�²¹¦Ã¥u®�¯­£�¤�¨°®ü¬�¨°£�µ�¬�®�²¹®�¾£�¤�¨»¹ªSªu½�£�ª+¶�ª\¬�·r¥�¬º¯d¨°ÁP¨3©�µ�£�²¹ªu®_¿?ß�ªE½�¬�¨°Ä\¨°®@£r£�¤�²³¦°Ç�·H¨�©3¥�®¥u¯�¯ ¥�§gª\¾uµ�¦ü¯�¥R£º¥�¯P¨3½g¨3®�¯P¨°®g©�ÅË£�ª$£�¤�¨±¬�¨°Ä\¨°¬º¦�¨/¯Ë»´ªSª\½²®

í 267 åNâ»ïTñ é â6Æ ïTñ ¥ é ââ£#£Qæq%cxâ e ïlâëì

âäã*5 � cÌî ¥ e�éí 267 å�â»ïTñ ¥ é â ò ïTñ é â_i�ilæ�çqscxâ e ïQâ é� cxâ e £%ï � cxâ ª â å ð eêßr¤�¨­¬�¨/¦�²¹»¹²¹¨°®�©°¨E£�¤�²¹¦Ø³Ù���Ñ°Ü�Ñ�Ù7×rã;Ü�Ñ4¶RÑ°Ùg×1Ø�¶aÑE£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²´ª\®¥u¯�¯�¦G£�ª�£�¤�¨Y»¹ª@ª\½ ¬�¨°ª\¬�¯P¨3¬�²¹®�¾Y£�¬�¥u®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ª\® ¯P¨°½7¨°®�¯�¦ªu®�£�¤�¨Ê©�ª\«E½�»¹¨�ÁP²´£¸ÅȪ�¶£�¤�¨á§gª\¾uµ�¦¯P¨3½g¨3®�¯P¨°®g©�Å�¥u®�¯$£�¤�¨¦¸£º¥R£�¨°¼=ªu¶³¼1£�¤�¨�¼}¥�¬�£r²´®J¯P¨3½g¨3®�¯P¨°®g©�Å�¥u®�¥�»¹ÅP¦�²¹¦(ù �j�aû=¿

â � ï � ¤ Ô  u� § ¦u�¦\ó ¥ �R¦�Ú�¦ ñ � õ�Új¦ Ô �}  ñ �Ø}ò@�hgd @� õéò ñ �À�¦�¥�®E¨�Á�¥u«E½�»¹¨�ªu¶'¥&£�¥u¬�¾\¨�£�¨/¯M½�¬�¨°Äu¨3®@£�²¹Äu¨�£�¬º¥�®g¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®_Ç©�ªu®g¦�²³¯P¨3¬N£�¤�¨2Ò 2<+�) � 2 .âÅlá ùs�+�aû]½�¬�ª\¾u¬º¥�«J¿N¢5£&·�¥\¦�¯P¨/¦�²¹¾\®�¨3¯¦�½7¨3©°²âì7©°¥�»¹»¹Å+£�ªE¨°ÁS½�»´ª\¬�¨&¥M·�¨3¥�ÉS®�¨/¦�¦�²¹®�£�¤�¨�� 2 .âÅQá ù �j£aû�¯P¨°¼©�ªu«E½�²´»¹¨3¬°¿�Ò 2<+�) � 2 .âÅlá ²¹®�¦�¨3¬�£º¦%¨°ÁS£�¬º¥N²¹®�¦�£�¬�µ�© £�²´ª\®�¦%¥�¶³£�¨3¬�¨3Ä@¼¨°¬�Å 7*) 564 7 ã ¼}¦¸£º¥R£�¨°«E¨°®@£E²¹®�¨°Ä\¨°¬�ÅY«E¨�£�¤�ªS¯�²´®�£�¤�¨á¦�ª\µ�¬º©�¨½�¬�ª\¾u¬º¥�«J¿ ßr¤�²³¦m£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²´ª\®8¤g¥u¦ü®�ª�¨°ø7¨/© £áªu®Ú£�¤�¨§g¨3¤�¥aÄS²´ª\¬ª�¶Ã£�¤�¨�¥u½�½�»¹²³©°¥�£�²¹ªu®_Ç�§�µP£+²â£+²³¦�¨°®�ª\µ�¾u¤È£�ªÛ«U¥uÉu¨� 2 .âÅQá ©�¬º¥u¦�¤_¿

â � ¤ ð óº¦ ñ � õ Ø[ª\õ ñ_§   ñ ó¡��Ú\ �¨öô� \� õ ñ_§ Û�©P #];ô_¦Òf?ò ñ � ����ô�¡R�º�ßr¤�¨ë«Eª\¦�£8¯P²´ÞU©�µ�»´£Ë½�¥�¬�£8ªu¶^¯P¨°ª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�²¹ªu® ²³¦ ØkÐ\Ñ�Ù7×kØ�½ÓºäRسÙ@î8¥�®g¯�Ñ'¶RÖRèéÔ�Öu×kسÙSî�ª\½�¥uÌ@µ�¨�©°ªu®�¦�£�¬�µ�© £º¦�¿ �Nªu£�¨Y£�¤g¥R£²³¯P¨°®@£�²âì7©°¥R£�²¹ªu® ¥�®�¯ ¨°ÄR¥�»¹µ�¥�£�²¹ªu® ¥�¬�¨ ¯P²³¦�£�²¹®�©�£"¥u©�£�²¹ÄS²â¼£�²¹¨/¦�¿ ÀN® ª\½�¥uÌ@µ�¨�©°ªu®�¦�£�¬�µ�©�£±©°¥�®þ§7¨ èâÏ/κÖRèdå1©�ª\®\£º¥�²¹®�¨/¯·Ã²´£�¤�²¹® ¥ ¦�²¹®�¾\»´¨ §�¥u¦�²³© §�»´ªP©ºÉ�çºÇ îuèâÏuÒºÖRèwå1©�ª\®\£º¥�²¹®�¨/¯·Ã²´£�¤�²¹® ¥ ¦�²¹®�¾\»´¨ ½�¬�ªP©�¨/¯Pµ�¬�¨/çºÇ ªu¬ سÙg×5Ñ�Ü�½´ã;Ü�Ï/Î�ѺÐ�ÔPÜ�ÖRèåk¯�²¹¦�£�¬�²¹§�µP£�¨3¯ £�¤�¬�ªuµ�¾u¤�ª\µP£ £�¤�¨ ¨°®@£�²¹¬�¨ ½�¬�ª\¾u¬º¥�«d线��ª\¬ ¨�Á�¥u«E½�»¹¨�Ç L â»í®å ß Ê ß�¹+¹ å N Ê Ý Ê Ý � ñ ç i æ ����� N²³¦ ¥ »¹ªP©°¥u» ªu½�¥\Ì\µ�¨ ½�¬�¨3¯P²³©°¥�£�¨uÇ ·Ã¤�¨3¬�¨/¥u¦L ' ï ß=ªâß é ����� é ­ ïN ªâÝ=ªâÝ iQñ é ����� é â»í å '�¹+¹ ­ i æ1����� N ²³¦¾u»¹ª\§�¥�»=¿ ¢5¶G£�¤�¨ ©°ªu«E½�µP£º¥R£�²´ª\®þª�¶ ' ¥�®�¯ ­ ·�¨°¬�¨8½7¨°¬�¼¶�ªu¬�«E¨3¯²¹®­¯P²´ø7¨3¬�¨3®@£�½�¬�ªS©°¨3¯Pµ�¬�¨/¦�Ç�£�¤�¨�©°ªu®�¦�£�¬�µ�©�£�·Hª\µ�»³¯d§7¨²¹®@£�¨°¬�¼5½�¬�ªP©°¨3¯Pµ�¬º¥�»=¿µ¾(§@ÄS²¹ªuµg¦�»¹Å�Ç�²³¯P¨°®@£�²´ìg©3¥R£�²´ª\®�ª�¶E¥D»¹ªS©3¥�»ªu½g¥uÌ@µ�¨�½�¬�¨3¯�²¹©3¥R£�¨�²³¦È¨3¥\¦�²¹¨3¬Ê£�¤�¥u® ²³¯P¨°®@£�²âì7©°¥R£�²¹ªu®ëª�¶Û¥�®²¹®@£�¨°¬�¼5½�¬�ªP©°¨3¯Pµ�¬º¥�»7ªu®�¨�¿

â � Ó ð óº¦ ñ � õ\ã_¡� @� õéò ñ ��ª ¥  @�º�¦@� ñ¡�  @� ¡ Õ õ ñ_§À�¯�¨°ªu§�¶�µ�¦�©3¥R£�ªu¬H©3¥�®Eµ�¦�¨NÉS®�ªR·Ã»¹¨3¯�¾u¨Ãª�¶_£�¤�¨(¦�£�¬º¥R£�¨°¾\²´¨/¦-¨°«M¼½�»¹ªRÅu¨/¯m§SÅÛÉS®�ªR·Ã®áª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥R£�ªu¬º¦�£�ª­²³¯P¨3®\£�²´¶�Åmªu½�¥\Ì@µ�¨M½�¬�¨/¯S¼²³©°¥�£�¨3¦°¿ À ¯P¨3¦�²¹¾u®�¨3¬^ªu¶á¥Ý¯P¨3ªu§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�ª\¬Y©°ªuµ�»³¯ ¨�Á�¥�«M¼²¹®�¨$¥�®ëªu§P¶�µg¦�©3¥R£�ª\¬$å�¨°²´£�¤�¨°¬á§SÅ ¯P¨/©�ªu«E½�²´»¹²¹®�¾$²´£Êªu¬Ê¦�²´«M¼½�»¹ÅÚ§SÅ ¨�Á�¥u«E²´®�²´®�¾$£�¤�¨Yª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥R£�¨3¯ë©�ªP¯P¨Y²´£Ê¾u¨°®�¨°¬º¥R£�¨/¦�ç¥�®g¯Ú©�ªu®g¦¸£�¬�µ�©�£m½�¥R£�£�¨3¬�®P¼5«U¥R£º©º¤�²¹®�¾D¬�µ�»¹¨/¦£�¤�¥�£ü©°¥u®Ú²¹¯�¨°®P¼£�²´¶�ű©°ªu«E«Eª\®�»¹Åüµ�¦�¨3¯Dª\½�¥uÌ@µ�¨½�¬�¨3¯P²³©°¥�£�¨/¦�¿$ßr¤�²³¦+«E¨�£�¤�ªS¯·Ã²¹»¹»�·�ªu¬�É §7¨3¦�£Y¶�ªu¬$¦�²´«E½�»´¨$»¹ªP©°¥u»�½�¬�¨/¯P²³©°¥R£�¨3¦°ÇJ¦�µ�©º¤ ¥u¦L ß Ê ß�¹+¹ å N Ê Ý Ê Ý � ñ ç i N ª\¬�L 7 á»ã<� 2 à å ñ 8 î çn¤B¥ i N ¿ß�ª+£�¤S·r¥�¬�£r¥�£�£�¨3«E½P£�¦r¥�£r½g¥R£�£�¨°¬�®d«U¥�£�©º¤�²¹®�¾�Ç\£�¤�¨&ªu§P¶�µ�¦�¼©°¥�£�ª\¬(¦�¤�ªuµ�»³¯­¥aÄ\ªu²³¯µ�¦�²¹®�¾U©3¥�®�®�¨3¯­ª\½�¥uÌ@µ�¨+©�ªu®g¦¸£�¬�µ�©�£�¦°¿�¢5£²³¦N¥�»³¦�ªM²´«E½7ªu¬�£�¥u®@£�£�ªd©º¤�ªSª\¦�¨�ªu½g¥uÌ@µ�¨�©°ªu®�¦�£�¬�µ�© £º¦r£�¤g¥R£�¥u¬�¨¦�Å@®@£º¥u© £�²³©°¥�»¹»¹Åd¦�²¹«E²´»³¥u¬r£�ª£�¤�¨E©°ªu®�¦�£�¬�µ�© £º¦�µg¦�¨/¯Û²¹®m£�¤�¨M¬�¨/¥�»¥�½�½�»¹²¹©3¥R£�²´ª\®_¿

â � e ð óº¦ ñ � õ\ã_¡� @� õéò ñ ��ª ¥ �}ò § �} ¥g o ¨ õö¡�õ ñ^§ßr¤�¨^§�¥u¦�²³©á½�¬�¨3«E²³¦�¨áª�¶E£�¤�²³¦m½�¥u½g¨3¬Û²³¦­£�¤�¥R£á¥$½�¬�ªu¾\¬�¥u«M¼«E¨°¬�·Ã²¹»¹»�ì�®g¯E£�¤�¨�ª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�¨3¯dÄu¨3¬�¦�²¹ªu®Eª�¶�¥�½�¬�ªu¾\¬�¥u«Ý«Eªu¬�¨¯P²´ÞU©�µ�»´£M£�ª±µ�®�¯P¨3¬�¦�£�¥u®�¯Y¥�®�¯D¬�¨°Äu¨3¬�¦�¨J¨°®�¾\²¹®�¨°¨3¬M£�¤�¥u®^£�¤�¨ªu¬�²¹¾u²¹®�¥u»�ª\®�¨�¿�ßr¤�¨E«U¥�²¹®Û¬�¨3¥\¦�ª\®�¦&¥�¬�¨�£�¤�¥R£²¹®G£�¤�¨Eªu§P¶�µ�¦�¼©°¥�£�¨/¯J½�¬�ª\¾u¬º¥�«íå1¥\çr»¹²¹Äu¨�³ ¬�¨/¥�»�´�©°ªP¯P¨·Ã²¹»¹»_§g¨�²´®@£�¨°¬º¦�½7¨°¬º¦�¨/¯·Ã²´£�¤±¯�¨3¥u¯È§gª\¾uµ�¦�©�ªP¯P¨J¥�®�¯�åk§gç�»´ª\¾u²³©°¥u»¹»´Å¬�¨°»³¥R£�¨3¯á½�²¹¨3©°¨3¦ª�¶�©�ªP¯P¨­·Ã²¹»¹»Ã¤�¥aÄ\¨§7¨°¨3®Y§�¬�ª\Éu¨3®^µ�½�¥u®�¯Y¯P²³¦�½7¨°¬º¦�¨3¯ÈªRÄ\¨°¬£�¤�¨d½�¬�ªu¾\¬�¥u«J¿N»t¬�ªu¾\¬�¥u«í¦�»´²³©°²´®�¾d£�ª@ª\»³¦©°¥u®Ê§g¨�µ�¦�¨/¯á§SÅG¥¬�¨°Äu¨3¬�¦�¨­¨°®�¾u²¹®�¨°¨3¬E£�ª^©�ªuµ�®\£�¨°¬d£�¤�¨/¦�¨üªu§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�²¹ªu®g¦�¿ ÆSµ�©º¤£�ªSª\»¹¦�©°¥u®�²¹®@£�¨3¬�¥\© £�²´Ä\¨°»¹Å�¥u²¹¯U£�¤�¨&¨3®�¾u²¹®�¨3¨°¬H£�ªE¯P¨3©°ªu«E½7ª\¦�¨(¥½�¬�ªu¾\¬�¥u« ²¹®@£�ª«U¥�®g¥�¾u¨/¥�§�»¹¨©º¤Sµ�®�ÉP¦�©3¥�»¹»¹¨3¯GÕ èéØk뼄 ͼ¿dÀݦ�»´²³©°¨ª�¶N¥­½�¬�ª\¾u¬º¥�« � ·Ã²´£�¤Ê¬�¨3¦�½g¨/© ££�ªÛ¥­½7ªu²¹®@£fJ±¥�®g¯Ê¥­ÄR¥�¬�²â¼¥�§�»´¨ªäD©�ªu®g¦�²³¦�£�¦Mª�¶�¥�»¹»r£�¤�¨Û¦�£�¥R£�¨°«E¨3®\£º¦Mª�¶��í£�¤�¥�£�©�ª\µ�»³¯¤�¥aÄ\¨M©°ªu®@£�¬�²¹§�µP£�¨3¯ü£�ªÈä�­ ¦Äa¥u»¹µ�¨U¥R£fJ%¿Jê�¨°®�©°¨�Ç]¥J½�¬�ª\¾u¬º¥�«¦�»´²³©°¨°¬-·Hª\µ�»³¯�§7¨�¥u§�»¹¨H£�ª¨�ÁS£�¬�¥\© £-¶�¬�ª\« £�¤�¨Nª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥R£�¨3¯+½�¬�ª�¼¾u¬º¥�« £�¤�¨�¦�£�¥�£�¨3«E¨°®@£�¦-ªu¶g£�¤�¨�¥�»¹¾\ªu¬�²â£�¤�«Ë£�¤�¥�£H©�ª\«E½�µP£�¨3¦]¥�®ªu½g¥uÌ@µ�¨�ÄR¥�¬�²³¥�§�»¹¨$ägÇg¨3Äu¨3®²´¶�£�¤�¨�ªu§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�ª\¬Ã¤�¥u¦N¯�²¹¦�½7¨°¬º¦�¨/¯£�¤�¨3¦�¨¦¸£º¥R£�¨3«E¨°®@£�¦�ªRÄ\¨°¬�£�¤�¨�¨3®@£�²¹¬�¨�½�¬�ªu¾\¬�¥u«J¿

ÿRú

Page 25: masters.donntu.orgmasters.donntu.org/2008/fvti/protivenskiy/library/articles/taxonomy.pdf · !"$#%& ' #' "( )+*-,/.1032/.54768)+9;:1:=@,/A)+:547,3BDCE*-9;FG

ßr¤�¨3¬�¨¥u¬�¨�¦�¨°Äu¨3¬�¥u»_¦¸£�¬�¥�£�¨°¾\²¹¨3¦r¥aÄR¥�²¹»³¥�§�»¹¨r£�ªU¥u®Jªu§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�¼£�ªu¬r£�ªE«U¥�É\¨�¦�»¹²¹©°²¹®�¾�¥+»¹¨3¦�¦Hµg¦�¨°¶�µ�»'²³¯P¨°®@£�²âì7©°¥R£�²¹ªu®M£�ªSª\»·®Ô�å)å¢æ<÷Vô�÷¥ø ù üäùnô?÷Wç8è�÷*�äù1�GÀY½�¥u¬�¥u«E¨�£�¨3¬�¥u»´²³¥\¦'²³¦�£¸·Hª(¶�ªu¬�¼

«U¥�»�½g¥�¬º¥�«E¨�£�¨°¬º¦�åkªu¬%¥�¶�ª\¬�«U¥u»R½�¥�¬º¥�«E¨°£�¨3¬;¥u®�¯&¥r¾u»¹ªu§g¥�»ÄR¥�¬�²¹¥u§�»¹¨/ç�£�¤�¥R£�¬�¨�¶�¨3¬�£�ªd£�¤�¨E¦�¥u«E¨�«E¨°«Eª\¬�Å»¹ªP©°¥R£�²¹ªu®_¿ßr¤�¨J©�ª\¦�£�ªu¶�½�¬�¨3©°²¹¦�¨E²¹®@£�¨°¬�¼5½�¬�ªP©°¨3¯Pµ�¬º¥�»H¦�»¹²³©�²¹®�¾J¾u¬�ªR·N¦·Ã²´£�¤�£�¤�¨&®Sµ�«+§g¨3¬Hªu¶�½7ª�£�¨3®@£�²³¥�»_¥�»¹²³¥u¦�¨3¦t²´®J¥�½�¬�ª\¾u¬º¥�«JǷä�²³©º¤�²¹®+£�µ�¬�®M¾u¬�ªR·N¦ÃÑ���ã�ÏRÙ;Ñ�Ù7×kØkÖ�è³èéär·Ã²â£�¤+£�¤�¨Ã®Sµ�«+§g¨3¬ª�¶Ã¶�ª\¬�«U¥u»t½�¥�¬º¥�«E¨°£�¨3¬�¦Eù����aû=¿üê�¨°®�©°¨�Çt²´¶r£�¤�¨�ªu§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�¼£�ª\¬�¥\¯�¯�¦�¥�»¹²³¥u¦�¨3¯J¯Pµ�«E«+Å�½g¥�¬º¥�«E¨�£�¨°¬º¦�£�ªJ¥U½�¬�ªu¾\¬�¥u«²´£(·Ã²¹»¹»%¨°²´£�¤�¨°¬�¦�µ�§g¦¸£º¥�®@£�²³¥�»¹»¹Åd¦�»¹ªR· ¯�ªR·Ã®­£�¤�¨+¦�»¹²³©�¨3¬�å�²´¶½�¬�¨3©�²³¦�¨­¦�»¹²³©�¨/¦+¥u¬�¨J¬�¨3Ì@µ�²¹¬�¨3¯�ç Ç�ª\¬M¶�ªu¬º©�¨J£�¤�¨m¦�»¹²³©�¨3¬�£�ª½�¬�ªS¯�µ�©�¨N²¹«E½�¬�¨3©°²³¦�¨�¦�»¹²³©�¨/¦�åk²´¶7¶k¥\¦¸£�¦�»¹²³©�²¹®�¾(²¹¦t¬�¨/Ì\µ�²´¬�¨3¯g线

Ô�å)å¢é¥÷VôEèr÷Vÿ çrùêå<ùVæRù�ë�å<ù�ë×�bèrù#�z»-ªu½�µ�»³¥u¬ ¦�»¹²³©�²¹®�¾ £�ªSªu»³¦¦�µg©º¤ ¥\¦�ì ã 7 á6� ) , ùs�Q�3û�·�ªu¬�É$·H¨3»´»&¶�ª\¬Û¦�«U¥�»¹»�¦�»¹²³©�¨3¦°Ç§�µP£�·Ã²¹»´»8¦�ª\«E¨�£�²¹«E¨/¦ ¬�¨3Ì@µ�²¹¬�¨ ¨�Á�©�¨/¦�¦�²¹Äu¨�£�²´«E¨�£�ª©�ª\«E½�µP£�¨M»³¥�¬�¾u¨3¬�ª\®�¨3¦°¿X��ªu¬�¨�Á�¥u«E½�»¹¨�Ç;·Ã¤�¨°®á·�ªu¬�É@²¹®�¾ªu®È¥Jú^£�£�£�»¹²¹®�¨ « ½�¬�ªu¾\¬�¥u«íì ã 7 á6� ) , ²´®Ê¦�ªu«E¨E©°¥\¦�¨/¦¬�¨/Ì@µ�²¹¬�¨/¯íªRÄ\¨°¬ ��£�«E²¹®SµP£�¨3¦Ë£�ª ©°ªu«E½�µ�£�¨ ¥ ¦�»´²³©°¨�¿ß%ª ¶�ªu¬º©�¨Ý£�¤�²¹¦ §g¨3¤�¥aÄS²¹ªu¬3DZ£�¤�¨ ªu§P¶�µg¦�©3¥R£�ª\¬ ¦�¤�ªuµ�»³¯¥R£�£�¨°«E½�££�ª^²¹®�©°¬�¨/¥u¦�¨Û¦�»´²³©°¨ü¦�²´à3¨3¦°Ç�§SÅ�¥u¯�¯�²´®�¾^§7ªu¾\µ�¦ÄR¥�¬�²¹¥u§�»¹¨E¯P¨°½7¨°®�¯�¨°®�©°²´¨/¦�¿m¢}®á£�¤�¨d¨°Á�¥�«E½�»¹¨M§g¨3»¹ªR·&Ç�·�¨¤�¥aÄu¨ ²¹®�©°¬�¨/¥u¦�¨3¯Ý£�¤�¨ ¦�²¹à3¨8ªu¶Û£�¤�¨ ¦�»¹²³©�¨Ë©�ªu«E½�µP£�²¹®�¾ß §SÅ�¥\¯�¯P²¹®�¾þ£¸·�ª ¦�£�¥�£�¨°«E¨3®@£�¦8·Ã¤�²³©º¤ ¥�½�½�¥u¬�¨3®@£�»¹Å©�ª\®\£�¬�²¹§�µ�£�¨�£�ª ß ­ ¦ÃÄR¥�»¹µ�¨�Ç�§�µP£�·Ã¤�²³©º¤_Ç�²¹®�¶k¥u©�£°Ç7¯�ªE®�ª�£3¿

àTá¥âäã*åCæ¢çâäã*5 ß ï:ñ éß ï ß�ª Í éê

ëìàTálâäãRåCæ¢çâäã*5 ß ïTñ éâ»í å �hi æ ß £1£ éß ï ß £ ^ Ì éß ï ß ª Í éê

â � � o �  @� õ � � õé¡� �¨;� ñ  _¨�ªu��õ �À ¯P¨°ª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�ªu¬(©°¥�®J²¹®�¦�£�¬�µ�«E¨°®@£N¥�®­ª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�¨3¯½�¬�ªu¾\¬�¥u«£�ªm¥�®g¥�»¹ÅSà°¨�£�¤�¨Eª\µP£�©°ªu«E¨Mª�¶Ã¥�»¹»]½�¬�¨3¯P²³©3¥R£�¨/¦�¿MÍá¨E·Ã²¹»´»]©3¥�»¹»¥�®SÅ­¯P¨°ª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥R£�²¹ªu®J«E¨�£�¤�ªP¯J£�¤�¥�£(¨°ÁP¥u«E²¹®�¨3¦�£�¤�¨�¬�µ�®P¼=£�²¹«E¨©º¤�¥�¬º¥u©�£�¨°¬�²³¦¸£�²³©°¦]ªu¶-¥u®�ª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥R£�¨3¯�¥�½�½�»¹²³©°¥�£�²¹ªu®E²¹®�£�¤�²³¦�·r¥aÅ�7×5Ö�×1Ø¹Õ ×1ØkκÖRèÏ�(Ù;ÖRèéäaÕ Ø¹Õº¿dßr¤�¨E¯P¨°ª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�ªu¬�·�ªuµ�»³¯Û¥u»¹¨°¬�£(£�¤�¨¬�¨3Äu¨°¬º¦�¨d¨°®�¾u²¹®�¨°¨3¬�£�ªÊ¥�®SÅʽ�¬�¨3¯P²³©°¥�£�¨d£�¤�¥�£E¥u»¹·�¥aÅP¦¬�¨�£�µ�¬�®�¦£�¤�¨+¦�¥u«E¨&£�¬�µP£�¤mÄR¥u»´µ�¨ªRÄu¨3¬�¥E»³¥�¬�¾u¨&®Sµ�«+§g¨3¬�ª�¶-£�¨3¦�£(¬�µ�®�¦°Ç¦�²¹®�©°¨t£�¤�¨°Å«U¥aÅ(£�µ�¬�®+ªuµP£�£�ª�§g¨Ã¥u®�ªu½g¥uÌ@µ�¨*�kjáå��hi]ç%½�¬�¨/¯S¼²¹©3¥R£�¨�¿Nßr¤�¨�¯P¨3ªu§P¶�µg¦�©3¥R£�ª\¬�©�ª\µ�»³¯®�ª�£�§�»´²¹®�¯�»´Åd¬�¨3½�»³¥u©�¨�¦�µ�©º¤½�¬�¨/¯P²³©°¥�£�¨3¦�·Ã²´£�¤õm 7 4 ) å l á#, +-) çºÇ%¦�²´®g©�¨�£�¤�²³¦�·Hª\µ�»³¯m§7¨+£�ªSª¯�¥�®�¾\¨°¬�ªuµ�¦°¿��m¥�®SÅE¥�½�½�»´²³©3¥R£�²¹ª\®�¦�·Ã²´»¹»7©�ªu®@£º¥�²¹®×³º¬�¨3¥u»�´&½�¬�¨/¯S¼²¹©3¥R£�¨3¦-£�¤�¥R£H©º¤�¨3©ºÉ¶�ª\¬H©°ªu®�¯P²´£�²´ª\®�¦�£�¤�¥�£?ªu®�»´Å�¤�¥�½�½g¨3®Eµ�®�¯P¨3¬¨�Á�©�¨3½P£�²¹ªu®g¥�»u©°²´¬º©�µ�«U¦¸£º¥�®�©°¨3¦°Ç°¥�®�¯�£�ªÃ£�¤�¨H¯P¨°ª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥R£�ªu¬_£�¤�¨°Å·Ã²´»¹»r¥�½�½7¨3¥u¬�£�ªü§7¨°¤g¥aÄu¨d²³¯P¨3®@£�²³©°¥u»´»¹Å­£�ªG¥u®±ª\½�¥uÌ@µ�¨�½�¬�¨/¯P²´¼©°¥R£�¨�¿?À(¦N¥�®¨�Á�¥�«E½�»´¨uÇS©°ªu®�¦�²³¯P¨°¬QL â»í å.îZïVð�ñÇòEïVðbó%æ¦����� N ¿Æ@£º¥R£�²³¦�£�²³©°¥u»]¥�®�¥u»´ÅP¦�²³¦�©°¥u®G¥u»³¦�ª�§g¨Mµ�¦�¨3¯ü¶�ªu¬&¨3Äa¥u»¹µ�¥R£�²´ª\®_¿Í�¤�¨°®­¥+½gªu£�¨3®\£�²³¥�»;ªu½�¥\Ì@µ�¨&½�¬�¨/¯P²³©°¥�£�¨�å��kjtÇ�¦�¥aÅ�çH²´®¥+½�¬�ªu¼¾u¬º¥�«ô�Û¤g¥u¦&§7¨°¨°®Ê²³¯P¨3®@£�²´ì�¨3¯_Ç'·H¨E¾\µ�¨3¦�¦�²â£º¦&ÄR¥�»¹µ�¨­åKm 7 4 ) ç Ç¥�®�¯�«U¥�É\¨�¥�Äu¨3¬�¦�²¹ªu®�� ä ªu¶�£�¤�¨Ãªu§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�¨/¯�½�¬�ªu¾\¬�¥u« ·Ã¤�¨°¬�¨

£�¤�¨�ªu½�¥\Ì\µ�¨�½�¬�¨/¯P²³©°¥R£�¨&¤�¥u¦r§7¨°¨3®­¬�¨3½�»³¥u©�¨/¯U§SÅE£�¤�¨¾uµ�¨3¦�¦�¨/¯ÄR¥�»¹µ�¨u¿�Íá¨E£�¤�¨°®È¬�µ�®#�G¥u®�¯Ë� ä ²¹®á½�¥�¬º¥�»¹»¹¨°»-ª\®á£�¤�¨d¦�¥�«E¨²¹®�½�µP£3Ç%¥�®�¯ü©�ª\«E½�¥�¬�¨�£�ªJ¦�¨°¨£�¤�¥R£&£�¤�¨°Å­½�¬�ªP¯Pµ�©°¨�²³¯P¨3®\£�²³©°¥�»ªuµ�£�½�µP£3¿d¢5¶�£�¤�¨Eª\µP£�½�µ�£�¦¥u¬�¨�£�¤�¨U¦�¥�«E¨uÇ%·�¨M©3¥�®á©�ª\®�©�»¹µ�¯P¨£�¤g¥R£�£�¤�¨+½�¬�¨/¯P²³©°¥�£�¨�·r¥u¦N½g¥�¬�£�ª�¶]£�¤�¨�§7ªu¾\µ�¦�Ç;®�ªu£�£�¤�¨�¬�¨3¥u»1Ç¥�½�½�»¹²¹©3¥R£�²´ª\®²®

L-I4?)(41'H29&�5gõ

E�%�.)>%'&P/ \ þ A$ $ $$ $ $2-, @ $%�8'?+A °�°�°

6 841E�841

LM(�E�841

$ $ $$ $ $2-, ì prq ú °�°�°?)(4I�\¥$ ?)(4I�\ þ $

6 841E�841 þ

E�%�.)>%'&P/�\VA

¾(§SÄS²´ª\µ�¦�»´ÅuÇ]·H¨J¤�¥aÄ\¨d£�ªG«U¥uÉu¨¦�µ�¬�¨£�¤�¥�£Eªuµ�¬U©º¤�ª@¦�¨3®±²¹®P¼½�µP£º¦Ã¥u¯P¨/Ì@µ�¥R£�¨°»¹Å+©°ªRÄu¨3¬H¥�»¹»7½�¥R£�¤�¦�²¹®E£�¤�¨&½�¬�ªu¾\¬�¥u«J¿�ÀN¾@¥�²¹®_Dz´¶M£�¤�¨^½�¬�ª\¾u¬º¥�« ©°ªu®@£�¥u²¹®�¦J½�¥R£�¤�¦Û£�¤�¥�£ü¥�¬�¨È¬º¥�¬�¨°»¹ÅY£�¥uÉu¨°®å�L â»í å=îZïVð+ñôò�ïVð_ó%æ¦����� N çN£�¤�²³¦�·Ã²´»¹»�§g¨U¯�²âÞU©°µ�»´£°¿o��µ�¬�£�¤�¨°¬�¼«Eªu¬�¨�ÇR¾\¨°®�¨3¬�¥�£�²¹®�¾N»³¥�¬�¾u¨H®Sµ�«�§7¨°¬º¦�ª�¶7©°ªu¬�¬�¨/© £�²´®�½�µP£�¹RªuµP£�½�µP£¯�¥�£�¥�²¹¦(Äu¨3¬�Åm¯�²âÞU©°µ�»´£°Ç_½�¥�¬�£�²³©°µ�»³¥�¬�»´Åd·Ã¤�¨°®G²¹®\£�¨°¬�®�¥�»�¦¸£�¬�µg© ¼£�µ�¬�¨�ª�¶t£�¤�¨+¥u½�½�»¹²³©°¥�£�²¹ªu®�²¹¦(µ�®�ÉS®�ªR·Ã®'Ç7ª\¬�£�¤�¨�²¹®�½�µ�£�²³¦N¨3®P¼£�¨3¬�¨/¯­åk¥\¦t²³¦]ª�¶³£�¨°®E£�¤�¨(©3¥u¦�¨Ã·Ã²´£�¤dÂ\¥aÄa¥&½�¬�ª\¾u¬º¥�«U¦ºç_£�¤�¬�ª\µ�¾u¤¥M©�ª\«E½�»¹¨�ÁE¾u¬º¥�½�¤�²¹©3¥�»7µ�¦�¨°¬Ã²¹®@£�¨°¬�¶k¥u©°¨�¿

ß�ªd½�¬�¨3Äu¨°®@£�²³¯P¨3®@£�²´ìg©°¥�£�²¹ªu®§SŦ�£�¥�£�²³¦�£�²³©°¥u»%¥�®�¥u»¹ÅS¦�²³¦�ÇP£�¤�¨ªu§�¶�µ�¦�©3¥R£�ªu¬J«U¥aÅ$©º¤�ªSª\¦�¨m£�ªD¶k¥aÄ\ªu¬�£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²´ª\®�¦+£�¤g¥R£²¹®�¦�¨°¬�£�� o ½�¬�¨/¯P²³©°¥�£�¨3¦Gåk¦�µ�©º¤ ¥u¦�£�¤�¨Gª\®�¨Ê¦�¤�ªR·Ã®�²¹®Þ��²¹¾�¼µ�¬�¨Y��£�åk§gç�ç�ªRÄ\¨°¬�£�¤�ª\¦�¨(£�¤�¥R£N²¹®�¦�¨°¬�£ �kjáªu¬��hiʽ�¬�¨/¯P²³©°¥R£�¨3¦°¿

À�®�ª�£�¤�¨°¬?½gª@¦�¦�²¹§�»¹¨r©°ªuµ�®@£�¨°¬�¼=«E¨/¥u¦�µ�¬�¨�¥�¾@¥�²¹®�¦�£-¦�£�¥�£�²³¦¸£�²³©°¥�»¥�®g¥�»¹ÅP¦�²³¦�²³¦Ë£�ª�¯�¨3¦�²´¾\®íª\½�¥uÌ@µ�¨Ý½�¬�¨3¯P²³©3¥R£�¨/¦�²¹® ¦�µg©º¤ ¥·r¥aÅþ£�¤�¥�£�¦�¨3Äu¨3¬�¥u»½�¬�¨/¯P²³©°¥R£�¨3¦D¤�¥aÄ\¨�£�ªþ§g¨ ©°¬�¥\©ºÉu¨3¯ ¥R££�¤�¨G¦�¥�«E¨Û£�²¹«E¨�¿±¾(®�¨G·�¥aÅYª�¶+¯Pªu²¹®�¾Ê£�¤�²³¦d²³¦d£�ªD»¹¨�£d£�¤�¨ªu½g¥uÌ@µ�¨Ê½�¬�¨3¯P²³©3¥R£�¨/¦J¤�¥aÄu¨È¦�²³¯P¨�¼5¨�ø;¨3©�£�¦°¿ ¢}® £�¤�¨È¨�Á�¥u«E½�»¹¨§7¨°»¹ªR·í£�¤�¨±ª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�ªu¬Û¤�¥u¦ü¯P¨�£�¨°¬�«E²´®�¨3¯Ýå³£�¤�¬�ª\µ�¾u¤ ¦�ªu«E¨¦�ªu¬�£Ûª�¶d¦�£�¥�£�²³©áý�ªR·w¥u®�¥�»¹ÅP¦�²³¦ºçd£�¤�¥�£G¦�£�¥R£�¨°«E¨3®\£º¦ è Ý ¥�®�¯è ° «�µg¦¸£ü¥u»¹·�¥aÅP¦­¨°ÁS¨/©�µP£�¨È£�¤�¨D¦�¥�«E¨±®@µ�«�§7¨°¬üª�¶E£�²¹«E¨/¦�¿ßr¤�¨d¦�£�¥�£�¨3«E¨°®@£�¦¥u¬�¨Mª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥R£�¨3¯á§SÅÛ²¹®@£�¬�ªP¯Pµ�©°²´®�¾ª\½�¥uÌ@µ�¨½�¬�¨3¯P²³©3¥R£�¨/¦·Ã¤�²³©º¤È¥u¬�¨©°¥�»¹»³¦&£�ªm¶�µ�®�©�£�²¹ªu®g¦ æ Ý ¥�®�¯ æ

° ¿ æÝ¥�®g¯ æ

° ²¹®�©°¬�¨3«E¨°®@£M¥u®�¯Y¯P¨3©°¬�¨3«E¨°®@£U¥á¾u»¹ªu§g¥�»rÄR¥�¬�²¹¥u§�»¹¨ z ®

ç è Ý é �����è °Qéê

ëì

âäã*5{z¥ï ¥ é3=2#2 , æÝ å ß æ�çz*£%ï ÿ Ã Ý é 7*) 564 7 ã å �kjÝ æ ê3=2#2 , æ° å ß æ�çz�i ï ÿ Ã Ý é 7*) 564 7 ã å �kj° æ ê

çâ»í®å æ Ý å Ç ç�j æ è Ý é�����â»í®å æ ° å z ç�j æ è ° éê

¢5¶t£�¤�¨+¯�¨°ªu§�¶�µ�¦�©3¥R£�ªu¬N£�¬�²¹¨/¦Ã£�ª¬�¨°½�»³¥u©°¨�ªu®�¨å�§�µ�£&®�ª�£(§7ª�£�¤gç½�¬�¨3¯P²³©3¥R£�¨/¦N·Ã²´£�¤õm 7 4 ) Ç z ·Ã²´»¹»�ªRÄu¨3¬�ý�ªR·&¿�À�¦&¥�¬�¨/¦�µ�»â£3Çg£�¤�¨

ÿ��

Page 26: masters.donntu.orgmasters.donntu.org/2008/fvti/protivenskiy/library/articles/taxonomy.pdf · !"$#%& ' #' "( )+*-,/.1032/.54768)+9;:1:=@,/A)+:547,3BDCE*-9;FG

¯P¨°ª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥R£�¨3¯ ½�¬�ªu¾u¬º¥�« ·Ã²¹»¹»�£�¨°¬�«E²¹®�¥R£�¨�·Ã²´£�¤�¥�® ¨°¬�¬�ªu¬©�ªu®g¯P²´£�²¹ªu®_¿

â � \ ��Ú\ �¨öô� \� õéò ñ ��ª�Ö� @�   � ��¨ ò6� � ñ  �¨ ª\��õ ���¨3ªu§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�²¹ªu® ²¹¦G¦�²´«E²¹»³¥�¬£�ª8«U¥u®@Å8£¸ÅS½g¨/¦Gª�¶�©°ªS¯�¨^ª\½P¼£�²¹«E²¹à3¥R£�²¹ªu®_¿ è°«EªRÄS²¹®�¾�L â»í®å l á#, +-) æ¦����� N ²¹¦áÐuѺÖ\Ð$Î�Ï/ÐuÑÑ�èéØ��+سÙ7Öu×kØkÏ�Ù�¥u®�¯�«EªRÄS²´®�¾H²³¯P¨3®\£�²³©°¥�»�©°ªP¯P¨-¶�¬�ª\«8²´¶³¼}¦¸£º¥R£�¨°«E¨°®@£§�¬�¥u®�©º¤�¨/¦(åk¨�¿ ¾�¿ è Ý ¥�®�¯ è �Ý ²¹®U��²¹¾uµ�¬�¨(ÿ��\çt²³¦&κÏ3Ð\Ñ���ÏRعÕ�×kسÙSîRǧgªu£�¤­©�ª\«E«Eªu®d©°ªS¯�¨�ªu½P£�²´«E²¹à/¥R£�²¹ª\®�£�¨3©º¤�®�²¹Ì@µ�¨/¦�¿

Í�¤�¨3® ¥u® ª\½�¥uÌ@µ�¨ ©�ª\®�¦�£�¬�µ�© £ ¤�¥\¦ §7¨°¨3® ²¹¯�¨°®@£�²´¼ì�¨3¯ ·�¨ ©3¥�® ¥R£�£�¨°«E½P£ £�ª�¨3ÄR¥�»¹µ�¥R£�¨ ²´£°¿ ¢}® ¦�²¹«M¼½�»¹¨ ©°¥\¦�¨/¦ ©°ªu®�¦�£�¥u®@£ ½�¬�ªu½�¥u¾\¥�£�²¹ªu® µ�¦�²´®�¾ ¥ ¬�¨3¥\©º¤P¼²´®�¾ ¯P¨°ì�®�²´£�²¹ªu® ¯�¥R£º¥R¼=ý�ªR· ¥�®�¥u»¹ÅS¦�²³¦Ú©°¥u® §7¨�¦�µPÞU©�²¹¨3®\£�®L ß ïVî é ����� é Ý ïN é ����� é â�í å ß=ªâß ï%ï�å�N ªâÝ/ªâÝ iQñnænæ������ N ¿â ��ï ��Ú\ �¨öô� \� õéò ñ ��ª Ô�Õ ¦\òS�[¦%g ¥ �}òºÚ\õ ñ_§¢5¶g¯�¥R£º¥R¼=ý�ªR·Ê¥�®�¥u»¹ÅS¦�²³¦;²³¦%®�ªu£�½7ªR·H¨3¬�¶�µ�»\¨3®�ªuµ�¾\¤�£�ª(§�¬�¨3¥�É�£�¤�¨ªu½�¥\Ì\µ�¨�½�¬�¨/¯P²³©°¥�£�¨�Ç7¥U¯P¨°ª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�ªu¬(©°¥�®m¥�£�£�¨°«E½P£Ã£�ªUµ�¦�¨�¥£�¤�¨3ªu¬�¨°«Ý½�¬�ªRÄu¨°¬3¿�Í�¤�¨�£�¤�¨°¬�£�¤�²¹¦?²³¦H¯Pª@¥�§�»¹¨Nª\¬H®�ª�£Ã¯P¨°½7¨°®�¯�¦ªu®+£�¤�¨Ã½7ªR·�¨°¬]ª�¶_¦�£�¥R£�¨�¼5ª�¶³¼=£�¤�¨°¼5¥u¬�£-£�¤�¨°ª\¬�¨3« ½�¬�ªRÄu¨°¬º¦rå�·Ã¤�²³©º¤²¹¦H¯P²´ÞU©�µ�»´£]£�ª�¥u¦�©�¨°¬�£�¥u²¹®gç�¥�®�¯M£�¤�¨�©°ªu«E½�»¹¨�ÁP²´£¸Å�ª�¶_£�¤�¨Ã£�¤�¨°ªu¼¬�¨3« £�¤�¥R£�®�¨°¨3¯�¦r£�ªU§7¨½�¬�ªRÄu¨3®_¿ « ¨3¬�£º¥�²¹®�»¹Å�ÇP£�¤�¨°ª\¬�¨3«U¦�£�¤�¥�£©°¥�®Y§7¨m½�¬�ªRÄu¨/¯È§Sű²¹®�¯Pµg© £�²¹ª\®8åk¦�µ�©º¤$¥u¦��l°uåO� � �/çÌ° � £å�«EªP¯dúSç�ç ÇJ¥u¬�¨Y·�¨°»¹»U·Ã²´£�¤�²¹®ë¬�¨/¥u©º¤Ýª�¶m©°µ�¬�¬�¨°®@£á£�¤�¨°ªu¬�¨°«½�¬�ªRÄ\¨°¬º¦�¿

ß�ªU«U¥�É\¨(£�¤�²¹®�¾\¦N«Eªu¬�¨&¯�²âÞU©°µ�»´£°Ç�·�¨©°¥u®­µ�¦�¨£�¤�¨3ªu¬�¨°«U¦·Ã¤�²³©º¤^¥�¬�¨É@®�ªR·þ£�ªG§g¨­¯P²´ÞU©�µ�»â£+£�ªá½�¬�ªRÄu¨uÇtªu¬+¶�ªu¬M·Ã¤�²³©º¤®�ª�ÉS®�ªR·Ã®d½�¬�ªSªu¶%¨�ÁP²³¦¸£º¦�¿-¢}®U£�¤�¨&¨�Á�¥�«E½�»´¨Ã§7¨°»¹ªR·Y£�¤�¨�¯P¨°ª\§P¼¶�µ�¦�©3¥R£�ªu¬�·Ã²¹»¹»'¤�¥aÄ\¨�£�ª�½�¬�ªRÄu¨&£�¤g¥R£�£�¤�¨�§gª\¾uµ�¦�»´ªSª\½m¥�»¹·�¥aÅP¦£�¨°¬�«E²¹®�¥R£�¨3¦&²¹®Êªu¬º¯P¨3¬�£�ªÛ¯�¨�£�¨3¬�«E²¹®�¨+£�¤�¥R£ è ° ²³¦�»¹²¹Äu¨E©�ªP¯P¨�®

çè Ýléè ° éê

ëì

çè Ý éã.ï 7 á»ã<� 2 àGåäñd�xð?�âÍ%ðQæ é� 2ãtï®å%åÌãökVðlæ ÷Yï ¥ æ�©1Í ª ã<£:ñ « ã å ðÄ1Å6â-, ) åÌãQòQñnæ éè ° éê

ßr¤�²³¦E²³¦MÉ@®�ªR·Ã®Y¥\¦M£�¤�¨ « ªu»¹»³¥R£�àd½�¬�ªu§�»¹¨3«J¿8À ©�ª\®QÁ¸¨3©�£�µ�¬�¨¦�¥aÅP¦£�¤g¥R£­£�¤�¨È»¹ª@ª\½�·Ã²¹»¹»¥�»¹·r¥aÅS¦d£�¨3¬�«E²¹®�¥�£�¨u¿ À�»´£�¤�ª\µ�¾u¤£�¤�¨3¬�¨+²³¦�®�ª�ÉS®�ªR·Ã®m½�¬�ªSª�¶tª�¶?£�¤�²³¦�©�ªu®�Á¸¨3© £�µ�¬�¨�Ç;£�¤�¨M©�ªP¯P¨+²³¦É@®�ªR·Ã®�£�ª�£�¨3¬�«E²¹®�¥�£�¨�¶�ªu¬H¥�»¹»�®Sµ�«+§g¨3¬�¦-µ�½M£�ªX� � �+£ Ý)Ý ¿tßr¤@µg¦£�¤�²³¦mª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�²¹ªu® ²³¦Û¦�¥R¶�¨�å�£�¤�¨Dªu¬�²¹¾u²¹®�¥u»&¥u®�¯ ªu§�¶�µ�¦�©3¥R£�¨3¯©�ªP¯P¨�§7¨°¤�¥aÄ\¨(²³¯P¨3®\£�²³©°¥�»¹»¹Å�çºÇ@§�µP£�¯P²´ÞU©�µ�»´£r£�ªE¯P¨3ªu§P¶�µg¦�©3¥R£�¨u¿

â � É Ö�¦@òg�^Ø�ôS��¡u \� õéò ñ   ñ ó ¥  u�5� õé �¨-��Ú@ _¨âôP @� õéò ñ��¨3ªu§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�²¹ªu®U¥u»³¦�ª�§7¨3¥u¬�¦H¥�¦�£�¬�²´ÉS²¹®�¾&¬�¨3¦�¨°«+§�»³¥�®�©°¨H£�ª�ã�ÖRÜ�½×kØkÖ�è�Ñ4¶RÖRèéÔ�Öu×kØkÏ�ÙEùs�3úRû1¿]ÀȽg¥�¬�£�²³¥�»\¨°ÄR¥�»¹µ�¥�£�ªu¬�¦�½�»¹²´£�¦�¥N½�¬�ªu¾\¬�¥u«²´®@£�ªm£¸·�ªÛ½�¥u¬�£º¦4®U£�¤�¨üÕ ×5Ö�×1ØkÎ�½�¥�¬�£�·Ã¤�²¹©º¤^©°¥�®^§g¨½�¬�¨3©°ªu«M¼½�µP£�¨/¯È§SÅü£�¤�¨�½�¥�¬�£�²³¥�»?¨°ÄR¥�»¹µ�¥�£�ªu¬3Ç�¥u®�¯G£�¤�¨GÐRäRÙ;ÖQ�+ØkÎ�½�¥�¬�£·Ã¤�²³©º¤U²³¦t¨�ÁP¨/©�µP£�¨3¯U¥�£H¬�µ�®@£�²¹«E¨�¿-ßr¤�¨�¯�Å@®g¥�«E²³©r½�¥�¬�£?·�ªuµ�»³¯©�ªu¬�¬�¨3¦�½gª\®�¯(£�ª�ª\µ�¬%ª\¬�²¹¾\²´®g¥�»=Ç µ�®�ªu§�¶�µ�¦�©3¥R£�¨3¯;Ç�½�¬�ªu¾\¬�¥u«J¿'ßr¤�¨

¦�£�¥R£�²³©d½�¥u¬�£M·�ªuµ�»³¯È©°ªu¬�¬�¨/¦�½7ªu®�¯Ê£�ªáªuµ�¬M§7ªu¾\µ�¦+²´®�®�¨°¬M½�¬�ª�¼¾u¬º¥�«JÇt·Ã¤�²¹©º¤'ÇH²´¶�²´£E·H¨3¬�¨²³¯P¨°®@£�²´ì�¨/¯;ÇH©°ªuµ�»³¯È§7¨J¨°ÄR¥�»¹µ�¥�£�¨/¯¥�®g¯�¬�¨°«EªRÄ\¨3¯U¥�£N¯P¨°ª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥R£�²¹ªu®U£�²¹«E¨�¿

Ã%²¹Éu¨�¥�»¹»'ªu£�¤�¨3¬�¦¸£º¥R£�²¹©�²¹®@£�¨3¬�¼5½�¬�ªS©°¨3¯Pµ�¬�¥u»;¥u®�¥�»¹ÅP¦�²¹¦H«E¨�£�¤P¼ªP¯�¦°Ç-½g¥�¬�£�²³¥�»]¨3Äa¥u»¹µ�¥R£�²´ª\®Û²³¦¦�¨°®�¦�²´£�²¹Äu¨+£�ªÛ¥�»¹²³¥u¦�²¹®�¾�¿UêN¨3®�©�¨uÇ£�¤�¨ ¦�¥�«E¨8½�¬�¨°Äu¨3®@£�²¹Äu¨$£�¬�¥u®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ª\®�¦G£�¤�¥�£$·H¨3¬�¨Ë¯P²³¦¸¼©�µg¦�¦�¨3¯�²¹®d¬�¨°»³¥R£�²´ª\®M£�ªE¦�»´²³©°²´®�¾�¥�»³¦�ª�¥�½�½�»¹²´¨/¦]£�ª+½g¥�¬�£�²³¥�»7¨°ÄR¥�»´¼µ�¥�£�²¹ªu®_¿

ïbø Û�^Ø�ôS��¡� @� õéò ñ ��¨ § ò@�¸õ � Õ gU�÷ ²¹Äu¨3®E£�¤�¨&ª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥R£�ªu¬r¥�¬º©º¤�²´£�¨/© £�µ�¬�¨Nªu¶�ÆS¨/© £�²¹ª\®��PÇS£�¤�¨&¯�¨�¶³¼²¹®�²´£�²¹ªu®dª�¶-ªu§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�²¹ªu®Ì@µ�¥�»¹²´£¸ÅM²´®­ÆS¨/© £�²¹ª\® �PÇ�¥�®�¯�£�¤�¨¯P²³¦¸¼©�µg¦�¦�²¹ªu®áª�¶NÄR¥�¬�²¹ªuµ�¦&ª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�²¹®�¾J£�¬º¥�®g¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®�¦�²¹®±ÆS¨/© ¼£�²¹ª\®�¦��U£�ª #PÇ_·�¨+¥u¬�¨®�ªR· ²¹®Û¥U½7ª\¦�²´£�²¹ªu®J£�ªd½�¬�¨3¦�¨°®@£&«Eªu¬�¨¯P¨°£�¥�²¹»¹¨3¯�¥�»¹¾uª\¬�²´£�¤�«U¦�¿

ßr¤�¨E£�ª\½P¼=»¹¨3Äu¨°»]»¹ªSªu½áªu¶Ã¥u®Êªu§P¶�µg¦�©3¥R£�²¹ª\®Û£�ª@ª\»?·Ã²¹»¹»]¤�¥aÄu¨£�¤�²¹¦r¾\¨°®�¨3¬�¥u»_¦¸£�¬�µ�©�£�µ�¬�¨�®

ùôúªû<üRúýÖ�þ6ÿ 0 2 ã ) å�� æ þªþè « ï ­ ) , ) .-5 &:2 � ) å���æ é« « ï ­ ) , ) .-5 m 7 á»ã + í 2-7 àGå è æ é� « ï{qbÊ�Ê<, Ý å « � è æ éúwÖ�þ é

­ ) , ) .-5 &:2 � ) ¬�¨�£�µ�¬�®g¦Ã£�¤�¨�®�¨°ÁS£�Õ°ÏRÔPÜ�κÑEκÏ/ÐuÑEÏuÒ¯¼°ÑºÎ°× Ô £�ªd§7¨ªu§�¶�µ�¦�©3¥R£�¨3¯;¿ ­ ) , ) .�5 m 7 á»ã + í 267 à ¬�¨�£�µ�¬�®g¦Ã£�¤�¨£�¬º¥�®g¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�¼£�²¹ª\®G·Ã¤�²¹©º¤Ê¦�¤�ªuµ�»¹¯G§7¨Uµ�¦�¨3¯G£�ªmªu§P¶�µg¦�©3¥R£�¨U£�¤�¨U½g¥�¬�£�²³©�µ�»³¥u¬¦�ªuµ�¬º©�¨d©°ªP¯P¨dª\§�Á¸¨3©�£°¿ qbÊ�Ê=, Ý ¥�½�½�»´²¹¨/¦&£�¤�¨d£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ªu®£�ª£�¤�¨E¦�ª\µ�¬�©°¨�©°ªS¯�¨+ª\§�Á¸¨3©�£¥�®�¯Ûµ�½7¯�¥R£�¨/¦�£�¤�¨E¥u½�½�»¹²³©°¥R£�²¹ªu®¥u©3©�ª\¬�¯P²¹®�¾\»¹Å�¿ 0 2 ã ) ¯�¨�£�¨3¬�«E²¹®�¨/¦&·Ã¤�¨°®È£�¤�¨�¬�¨/Ì\µ�²´¬�¨3¯G»¹¨°Ä\¨°»ª�¶&ªu§�¶�µ�¦�©3¥R£�²´ª\®±¤�¥\¦E§7¨°¨°®$¥�£�£�¥u²¹®�¨3¯;¿�ßr¤�¨m©�ªu«E½�»´¨°ÁP²â£¸Åáªu¶£�¤�¨3¦�¨N¶�µ�®�©�£�²¹ªu®g¦?·Ã²¹»¹»g¯P¨3½g¨3®�¯Uª\®E£�¤�¨�¦�ªu½�¤�²¹¦�£�²³©3¥R£�²¹ª\®�ª�¶_£�¤�¨ªu§�¶�µ�¦�©3¥R£�²´ª\®Y£�ªSªu»=¿þÀ�£d£�¤�¨G¦�²¹«E½�»¹²³¦¸£�²¹©�¨°®g¯�ª�¶�£�¤�¨G¦�©3¥�»¹¨�Ç­ ) , ) .-5 &:2 � ) ¥�®�¯ ­ ) , ) .-5 m 7 á»ã + í 267 à ©�ª\µ�»³¯�¦�²¹«E½�»¹Å(¬�¨�£�µ�¬�®¬º¥�®�¯Pª\« ¦�ª\µ�¬�©°¨�©°ªS¯�¨+ª\§�Á¸¨3©�£�¹a£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²´ª\®�¦°Ç�¥�®�¯ 0 2 ã )©�ª\µ�»³¯£�¨3¬�«E²¹®�¥�£�¨�£�¤�¨�»¹ªSªu½­·Ã¤�¨°®m£�¤�¨M¦�²¹à°¨�ª�¶t£�¤�¨+¥u½�½�»¹²³©°¥�¼£�²¹ª\®U¨�Á�©�¨3¨3¯�¦H¥�©°¨°¬�£�¥�²¹®E»¹²¹«E²´£°¿Ï��ªu¬�«U¥�»¹»¹Å�Çu¦�µ�©º¤U§7¨°¤�¥aÄS²¹ªu¬t²³¦²¹®�¦�µPÞU©�²¹¨°®@£°¿

À�»¹¾uªu¬�²´£�¤�« �?¾\²¹Äu¨3¦�¥�¯P¨/¦�©°¬�²¹½P£�²¹ªu®&ª�¶g¥�©�ªP¯P¨Hªu§P¶�µg¦�©3¥R£�²¹ª\®£�ªSª\»%·Ã²´£�¤­¥M«+µ�©º¤J«Eªu¬�¨&¦�ªu½�¤�²³¦¸£�²¹©3¥R£�¨3¯d¦�¨°»¹¨/© £�²¹ª\®¥u®�¯�£�¨°¬�¼«E²¹®�¥R£�²¹ªu®M§g¨3¤�¥aÄS²¹ªu¬3¿�ßr¤�¨&¥�»¹¾uª\¬�²´£�¤�« «U¥�É\¨3¦?µ�¦�¨�ª�¶%¦�¨°Ä\¨°¬º¥�»¯�¥�£�¥¦�£�¬�µ�© £�µ�¬�¨3¦t·Ã¤�²¹©º¤E¥u¬�¨�©°ªu®�¦�£�¬�µ�©�£�¨3¯M§SÅMÀN»¹¾uª\¬�²´£�¤�«U¦��SÇ�PÇ�¥u®�¯=�^®���=��ª\¬Û¨/¥u©º¤ ¦�ªuµ�¬º©�¨±©°ªP¯P¨Èªu§ºÁ¸¨3© £ è Ç2���Rå è ç­²³¦­£�¤�¨^¦�¨�£

ªu¶-»³¥u®�¾uµ�¥u¾u¨&©�ª\®�¦¸£�¬�µg© £�¦Ã£�¤�¨½�¬�ª\¾u¬º¥�«E«E¨°¬�µ�¦�¨3¯J²¹® è ¿���Rå è ç_²³¦'µ�¦�¨3¯�£�ªNìg®�¯�¥u½�½�¬�ªu½�¬�²³¥R£�¨-ª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥R£�²¹®�¾Ã£�¬º¥�®g¦¸¼¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®�¦?¶�ªu¬ è ¿

� ��ª\¬È¨3¥\©º¤Ý¦�ªuµ�¬�©°¨Y©°ªP¯P¨$ªu§�Á¸¨/© £ è Ç � å è ç ¹ ç «����^ Ý 8 ����� 8 « � �� ^ � ê ²³¦�¥Û«U¥�½�½�²¹®�¾¶�¬�ªu« £�¬º¥�®g¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�¼£�²´ª\®�¦�«���£�ªüÄR¥u»´µ�¨3¦R^��ÇH¯P¨/¦�©°¬�²¹§�²¹®�¾­¤�ªR· ¥u½�½�¬�ªu½�¬�²³¥R£�¨

��� þ�ê¯ëQæ"ç�éÿ ÿ�é�Î�û þ��0ãQê¯ëQæqê·æPè�ä � �� � ���¬� ��� � ����� ����� Î�û ÿ ÿ_è�æRç�æPèeê·é�ê¯ëQæý ÿ�á�ü�ü·æPü-ãQä�æRê¯ëQé'å0ü-ãCÍQá�ü·û ý Í0ÿ é ý ��ü-ã0æPê ý � ê¯ëQáê�ä�á��4æ<�ä áþ�á��0ÿ û ý áê¯û�éþ_ãá�üIβæRÿ ÿ�á�ü²ê·ë0æ�á�ä0ÿ û ý áê¯û�éþoû ê�ü·æPÿ ç �

ÿ��

Page 27: masters.donntu.orgmasters.donntu.org/2008/fvti/protivenskiy/library/articles/taxonomy.pdf · !"$#%& ' #' "( )+*-,/.1032/.54768)+9;:1:=@,/A)+:547,3BDCE*-9;FG

²´£�·�ªuµ�»³¯D§g¨Û£�ªD¥�½�½�»¹Å©« � £�ª è ¿ ßr¤�¨Û²³¯P¨3¥È²¹¦U£�¤�¥�£©�¨3¬�£º¥�²¹®�£�¬�¥u®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ª\®�¦'«U¥aÅ�§7¨Ã²¹®�¥�½�½�¬�ª\½�¬�²³¥�£�¨t¶�ª\¬t¥½�¥�¬�£�²³©°µ�»³¥�¬�¦�ª\µ�¬º©�¨U©�ªP¯P¨�ªu§�Á¸¨/© £ è Ç-§7¨3©3¥�µ�¦�¨M£�¤�¨°Åá²¹®P¼£�¬�ªP¯Pµ�©�¨�®�¨°·Ú©�ªP¯P¨�·Ã¤�²³©º¤²³¦o³ µ�®�®�¥�£�µ�¬º¥�»�´�£�ª è ¿Nßr¤�¨®�¨°·ë©�ªP¯P¨M·�ªuµ�»³¯m»¹ªSªuÉJª\µP£�ª�¶H½�»¹¥\©�¨�²´® è ¥u®�¯ü¤�¨°®�©°¨·Hª\µ�»³¯J§g¨+¨3¥\¦�Å�£�ª¦�½7ª�£(¶�ªu¬�¥U¬�¨°Äu¨3¬�¦�¨�¨°®�¾u²¹®�¨°¨3¬°¿�ßr¤�¨¤�²¹¾u¤�¨3¬Ã£�¤�¨�¥�½�½�¬�ª\½�¬�²³¥�£�¨°®�¨3¦�¦HÄR¥u»´µ�¨b^�t£�¤�¨§7¨�£�£�¨3¬�£�¤�¨©�ªP¯P¨�²¹®@£�¬�ªP¯Pµ�©�¨/¯U§SÅE£�¬�¥u®�¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu® «��t·Ã²´»¹»7ì�£N²¹®_¿

� ��ªu¬-¨/¥u©º¤�¦�ªuµ�¬�©°¨H©�ªP¯P¨rª\§�Á¸¨3©�£ è Ç��gå è ç�²¹¦�£�¤�¨ÏuÒ1ÓºÔSÕ�κÖu×kØkÏ�Ùã7Ü ØkÏ�Ü Ø�×kä�ª�¶ è ¿��7å è ç�¯P¨3¦�©�¬�²¹§g¨/¦¤�ªR· Ø���ã�Ï�Ü�×=Ö�Ùg×H²´£�²³¦£�ªáªu§�¶�µ�¦�©3¥R£�¨d£�¤�¨©°ªu®@£�¨3®@£�¦+ª�¶ è ¿±¢5¶ è ©�ª\®\£º¥�²¹®�¦�¥�®²¹«E½gª\¬�£º¥�®@£?£�¬�¥\¯P¨�¦�¨3©°¬�¨°£H£�¤�¨°®��7å è çH·Ã²¹»¹»g§7¨&¤�²¹¾u¤_ÇP²´¶%²´£©�ª\®\£º¥�²¹®�¦]«U¥u²¹®�»¹ÅN³º§�¬�¨3¥\¯S¼}¥�®�¯S¼5§�µP£�£�¨3¬)´&©�ªP¯P¨��gå è ç]·Ã²¹»¹»§g¨�»¹ªR·&¿

ö ��ª\¬%¨3¥\©º¤�¬�ª\µP£�²¹®�¨ à Ç-ö+å à ç_²³¦_£�¤�¨?¨°ÁP¨3©�µ�£�²¹ªu®&£�²´«E¨�Ü�ÖRÙ:_ª�¶ à ¿RöMå Ã ç ¹ �M²´¶H«Eª\¬�¨�£�²¹«E¨�²³¦�¦�½g¨3®@£&¨°ÁP¨3©�µ�£�²¹®�¾Ã £�¤�¥�®J¥�®SÅUªu£�¤�¨3¬Ã¬�ª\µP£�²¹®�¨u¿

ßr¤�¨�½�¬�²¹«U¥�¬�ÅU²¹®�½�µP£(£�ªdÀ�»¹¾uªu¬�²´£�¤�«¸�²³¦�¥u®m¥�½�½�»¹²³©°¥�£�²¹ªu® �¥�®�¯D¥á¦�¨°£Mªu¶(ª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥R£�²¹®�¾m£�¬�¥u®�¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®g¦ ç « Ý 8 « ° 8 ����� ê ¿ßr¤�¨�¥u»¹¾uªu¬�²´£�¤�« ¥�»³¦�ª�¬�¨3Ì@µ�²¹¬�¨3¦]²¹®P¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®+¬�¨°¾\¥u¬�¯�²´®�¾�¨/¥u©º¤£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²´ª\®_DZ½�¥u¬�£�²³©�µ�»³¥�¬�»¹Å £�¤�¬�¨°¨ Ì@µ�¥u»´²´£¸Å�¶�µ�®g© £�²¹ª\®�¦« " ¶%$ å è ç Ç�«%±ä²�³�å è ç Çr¥u®�¯©« Ç ² $ ³°å è çåk¦�²¹«E²¹»¹¥u¬�£�ªG£�¤�¨°²¹¬M®�¥�«E¨°¼¦�¥uÉu¨3¦H²¹®�ÆS¨/© £�²¹ª\®U�SÇ�§�µ�£�¬�¨�£�µ�¬�®�²´®�¾�®Sµ�«E¨°¬�²³©°¥u»�ÄR¥�»¹µ�¨3¦ºçt¥u®�¯¥+¶�µ�®�© £�²¹ªu®����)®« " ¶%$ å è ç�¬�¨�£�µ�¬�®g¦(¥d«E¨3¥u¦�µ�¬�¨�ª�¶t£�¤�¨+¬�¨/¦�²¹»¹²¹¨°®�©°¨(ªu¶t£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�¼

«U¥R£�²´ª\®§« ·Ã¤�¨3®^¥u½�½�»¹²¹¨3¯G£�ªá¦�ªuµ�¬º©�¨©�ªP¯P¨dª\§�Á¸¨3©�£ è Dz=¿ ¨u¿+¤�ªR· ·H¨3»¹»�« ·Ã²¹»¹»�·Ã²´£�¤�¦¸£º¥�®�¯ü¥�®á¥R£�£�¥u©ºÉJ¶�¬�ªu« ¥�®¥�µP£�ªu«U¥�£�²³©�¯P¨3ªu§P¶�µg¦�©3¥R£�ª\¬°¿

«%±ä²�³°å è çd¬�¨�£�µ�¬�®�¦¥­«E¨/¥u¦�µ�¬�¨Mªu¶Ã£�¤�¨U½7ª�£�¨°®�©°Åüªu¶Ã£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�¼«U¥R£�²´ª\®§« ·Ã¤�¨3®^¥u½�½�»¹²¹¨3¯G£�ªá¦�ªuµ�¬º©�¨©�ªP¯P¨dª\§�Á¸¨3©�£ è Dz=¿ ¨u¿-¤�ªR·$«�µ�©º¤E«Eª\¬�¨(¯P²´ÞE©°µ�»´£ è ·Ã²¹»¹»�§7¨�¶�ª\¬�¥�¤Sµ�«U¥�®£�ªEµ�®g¯P¨°¬º¦¸£º¥�®�¯¥R¶³£�¨°¬Ã¤�¥aÄS²¹®�¾+§g¨3¨°®Jªu§�¶�µ�¦�©3¥R£�¨3¯�§@Å�«E¿

« Ç ² $ ³/å è çd¬�¨°£�µ�¬�®�¦+¥m«E¨/¥u¦�µ�¬�¨dª�¶Ã£�¤�¨�¨°ÁS¨/©�µP£�²¹ªu®á£�²¹«E¨d¥u®�¯¦�½g¥u©�¨&½7¨°®�¥u»´£¸Åd¥u¯�¯�¨3¯�§@Å�« £�ª è ¿

� � «U¥u½�¦N¨/¥u©º¤J£�¬�¥u®�¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®Ò«Ý£�ªd£�¤�¨+¦�¨°£(ªu¶t»¹¥u®�¾uµg¥�¾u¨©�ª\®�¦¸£�¬�µg© £�¦�£�¤�¥R£�«ë·Ã²¹»¹»_¥u¯�¯d£�ªM£�¤�¨¥�½�½�»´²³©3¥R£�²¹ª\®_¿

»-ªu²¹®@£�¦��(£�ª���ªu¶�À�»´¾\ªu¬�²´£�¤�« �&»¹ª\¥u¯E£�¤�¨¥u½�½�»¹²³©°¥R£�²¹ªu®+£�ªE§7¨ªu§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�¨/¯;Ç�¥�®�¯�§�µ�²¹»³¯�¦r¥�½�½�¬�ª\½�¬�²¹¥�£�¨N²¹®@£�¨3¬�®g¥�»_¯�¥R£º¥M¦¸£�¬�µ�©�¼£�µ�¬�¨3¦°¿ »-ªu²¹®@£+úá§�µ�²¹»³¯�¦4���aå è ç Ç � å è ç Ç��7å è çºÇN¥�®�¯BöMå Ã ç ¿»-ªu²¹®@£Ï�N¥�½�½�»¹²´¨/¦_ªu§�¶�µ�¦�©3¥R£�²´®�¾r£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²´ª\®�¦;µ�®@£�²¹»u£�¤�¨�¬�¨°¼Ì\µ�²´¬�¨3¯Jª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�²¹ªu®­»¹¨°Ä\¨°»�¤�¥u¦�§g¨3¨°®ü¥�£�£º¥�²¹®�¨3¯Jª\¬(µ�®\£�²¹»%£�¤�¨«U¥RÁP²¹«�µ�«ë¨�ÁP¨/©�µP£�²´ª\®U£�²´«E¨(½g¨3®�¥�»´£¸ÅE²³¦�¨�Á�©�¨3¨3¯P¨/¯;¿¿»-ªu²¹®@£���Çì�®�¥�»¹»¹Å�ÇP¬�¨°·Ã¬�²´£�¨3¦?£�¤�¨�®�¨°· ¥�½�½�»´²³©3¥R£�²¹ª\® � �1¿

� %~<qI�6mcp �K� svu�Ñ�q"![j§w�y:k%z[{C|Q}VpTmrqKo��#%$ &�'�(*) ¥\ç À�® ¥�½�½�»´²³©3¥R£�²¹ª\® � «U¥u¯P¨Êµ�½Úª�¶E¦�ª\µ�¬�©°¨

©°ªP¯P¨�ªu¬Ãª\§�Á¸¨3©�£Ã©°ªP¯P¨�ì�»¹¨3¦�Õ Ý 8 Õ ° 8 ����� ¿§gç ßr¤�¨�¦¸£º¥�®�¯�¥�¬º¯ »¹²¹§�¬º¥�¬�²¹¨3¦,+ Ý 8 + ° 8 ����� ¯P¨�¼ìg®�¨3¯§SÅU£�¤�¨�»³¥�®�¾\µ�¥�¾\¨�¿

©3ç À�¦�¨�£Yª�¶mªu§�¶�µ�¦�©3¥R£�²´®�¾Ú£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ªu®�¦ç « Ý 8 « ° 8 ����� ê ¿¯�ç ÀË«U¥u½�½�²¹®�¾�� � ·Ã¤�²³©º¤_Ç\¶�ª\¬r¨3¥u©º¤U£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�¼«U¥�£�²¹ªu®2« ¾u²¹Ä\¨3¦%£�¤�¨Ã¦�¨�£]ª�¶�»³¥u®�¾uµ�¥u¾u¨�©�ªu®�¼¦�£�¬�µ�©�£�¦(£�¤�¥�£« ·Ã²¹»´»�¥u¯�¯­£�ª�£�¤�¨M¥�½�½�»´²³©3¥R¼£�²¹ªu®_¿

¨/ç ßr¤�¬�¨3¨ü¶�µ�®�© £�²´ª\®�¦�«#" ¶%$ å è çºÇ�« ±�²h³ å è çºÇ¥u®�¯« Ç ² $ ³ å è ç8¨�ÁP½�¬�¨3¦�¦�²¹®�¾ £�¤�¨þÌ@µ�¥u»´²´£¸Å ª�¶Y¥£�¬�¥u®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ª\®¬« ·Ã²´£�¤ ¬�¨3¦�½g¨/© £Ë£�ª ¥¦�ªuµ�¬�©°¨&©°ªP¯P¨&ªu§�Á¸¨/© £ è ¿

¶�ç Àݦ�¨�£�ª�¶H²´®�½�µP£¯�¥R£º¥-� ¹ ç � Ý 8 � ° 8 ����� ê £�ª� ¿

¾@ç ßr·�ª�®Sµ�«E¨°¬�²³©?ÄR¥u»´µ�¨3¦ q<.#. ) Ê*5 &:2*+ 5lò ¥�¥u®�¯'*)VÛ ¦ 3 í¥ò ¥g¿ q<.#. ) Ê*5 &:2*+ 5 ²³¦ ¥�«E¨3¥�¼¦�µ�¬�¨mª�¶&£�¤�¨Û«U¥�ÁS²¹«+µ�«�¨�ÁS£�¬�¥á¨°ÁS¨/©�µP£�²¹ªu®£�²¹«E¨0¹R¦�½�¥\©�¨]½7¨°®�¥u»â£¸Å�£�¤�¨Hµg¦�¨3¬�·Ã²¹»¹»\¥\©°©�¨3½P£°¿'*)VÛ ¦ 3 í ²¹¦�¥­«E¨3¥\¦�µ�¬�¨Mª�¶r£�¤�¨d¥�«Eª\µ�®@£ª�¶ª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�²¹ªu®�¬�¨/Ì\µ�²´¬�¨3¯d§SÅE£�¤�¨�µg¦�¨3¬°¿

. '�(/&0'1(*) À�®mªu§�¶�µ�¦�©3¥R£�¨3¯­¥�½�½�»¹²¹©3¥R£�²´ª\® � ��«U¥u¯�¨�µ�½ªu¶-¦�ªuµ�¬�©°¨�©°ªS¯�¨�ªu¬Ãªu§ºÁ¸¨3© £N©°ªS¯�¨(ìg»´¨/¦�¿

��¿�Ã%ª\¥u¯Û£�¤�¨U¥�½�½�»¹²³©°¥�£�²¹ªu®vÕ Ý 8 Õ ° 8 ����� £�ª­§7¨Eªu§P¶�µg¦�©3¥R£�¨/¯;¿ßr¤�¨�ª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�ªu¬Ã©°ªuµ�»³¯U¨3²´£�¤�¨3¬å1¥\ç�»¹ª\¥u¯�¦�ª\µ�¬�©°¨�©°ªP¯P¨�ì�»¹¨3¦°Ç�²´®�·Ã¤�²³©º¤�©3¥u¦�¨?£�¤�¨rªu§P¶�µ�¦�¼

©°¥�£�ªu¬Ã·�ªuµ�»¹¯¤�¥aÄ\¨�£�ªd©°ªu®@£�¥u²´®J¥U©°ªu«E½�»¹¨�£�¨�©°ªu«M¼½�²¹»¹¨°¬+¶�¬�ª\®@£�¼5¨°®�¯^½g¨3¬�¶�ª\¬�«E²¹®�¾ü»¹¨�ÁP²³©°¥�»=Ç?¦�ÅS®\£º¥u©�£�²³©RÇ¥�®�¯¦�¨°«U¥�®@£�²¹©(¥�®�¥u»¹ÅS¦�²³¦�Ç Â ª\¬

åk§gç�»¹ª\¥u¯Ûªu§�Á¸¨/© £�©°ªS¯�¨Mì�»¹¨3¦°¿d¢5¶r£�¤�¨Eª\§�Á¸¨3©�£�©�ªP¯P¨U¬�¨�¼£�¥u²´®g¦�«Eª@¦¸£­ª\¬J¥u»¹»�ª�¶�£�¤�¨Ê²¹®P¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ªu®$²¹®�£�¤�¨¦�ª\µ�¬º©�¨á©�ªP¯P¨Yåk¥u¦J²³¦�£�¤�¨á©3¥u¦�¨ü·Ã²´£�¤ Â\¥aÄR¥^©°»¹¥\¦�¦ì�»¹¨3¦ºçºÇP£�¤�²³¦r«E¨�£�¤�ªS¯�²³¦�½�¬�¨°¶�¨°¬º¥�§�»¹¨u¿

ÿS¿�Ã%ª\¥u¯ »¹²´§�¬�¥u¬�Å�©°ªP¯P¨Dì�»¹¨3¦2+ Ý 8 + ° 8 ����� ¬�¨�¶�¨3¬�¨3®�©�¨/¯ ¯P²´¼¬�¨3©�£�»¹ÅEªu¬Ã²¹®�¯P²¹¬�¨3©�£�»¹ÅM§@ÅU£�¤�¨¥u½�½�»¹²³©°¥R£�²¹ªu®_¿

�P¿�¬�µ�²¹»³¯�¥u®M²´®@£�¨°¬�®�¥�»P¬�¨°½�¬�¨3¦�¨°®@£º¥R£�²¹ª\®ª�¶;£�¤�¨N¥�½�½�»¹²³©°¥�£�²¹ªu®'¿ßr¤�¨­©º¤�ª\²³©�¨dªu¶(²¹®@£�¨3¬�®�¥u»H¬�¨°½�¬�¨/¦�¨3®\£º¥R£�²´ª\®±¯P¨3½g¨3®�¯�¦Mªu®£�¤�¨�¦�£�¬�µ�© £�µ�¬�¨�ª�¶�£�¤�¨+¦�ª\µ�¬�©°¨&»¹¥u®�¾uµg¥�¾u¨&¥�®g¯£�¤�¨�©°ªu«M¼½�»¹¨°ÁS²´£¸ÅGª�¶Ã£�¤�¨d£�¬�¥u®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ª\®�¦�£�¤�¨ªu§�¶�µ�¦�©3¥R£�ªu¬+²´«M¼½�»¹¨3«E¨°®@£�¦°¿GÀ £¸ÅS½�²³©°¥�»�¦�¨°£�ªu¶(¯�¥R£º¥Û¦�£�¬�µ�© £�µ�¬�¨3¦�«E²´¾\¤@£²¹®�©°»´µg¯P¨�®å1¥\çÀÚ©�ª\®\£�¬�ª\»´¼1ý�ªR·Y¾\¬�¥u½�¤U¶�ª\¬N¨3¥\©º¤d¬�ªuµP£�²´®�¨(²¹® � ¿åk§gçÀÚ©°¥u»´»´¼5¾u¬º¥�½�¤+¶�ª\¬r£�¤�¨�¬�ªuµP£�²¹®�¨3¦�²¹® � ¿å1©3çÀN®J²¹®�¤�¨3¬�²´£�¥u®�©�¨(¾u¬º¥�½�¤d¶�ªu¬Ã£�¤�¨©�»³¥\¦�¦�¨3¦H²¹® � ¿

3�4�ÿ�æPü·üK�é�ÎeæMè¯ç¤�+ÿ�é�Í0ç �Qü ý áê·é�è�ê¯ëQáê"è·æPü·ê·è·û ý ê·ü�û ê·ü�æRÿ ç�ê·éG��Qè�æRÿ ��ü��'þ65ê·á ý ê¯û ý ê�è·áþQü·ç�é�è�ä�áê·û�éþ0ü ý é��0ÿ�å ä�áþQá ��æ�Î�û ê·ëQé��+êqü·æMä�áþ�ê¯û ý áþQáÿ ��ü·û�ü �

ÿj�

Page 28: masters.donntu.orgmasters.donntu.org/2008/fvti/protivenskiy/library/articles/taxonomy.pdf · !"$#%& ' #' "( )+*-,/.1032/.54768)+9;:1:=@,/A)+:547,3BDCE*-9;FG

ú�¿ « ªu®�¦�£�¬�µ�©�£M«U¥u½�½�²¹®�¾@¦�öMå à ç+¥u®�¯¢� � å è çJå�µ�¦�²¹®�¾áÀN»´¼¾uª\¬�²´£�¤�« �uç Ç7�7å è çJå�µ�¦�²¹®�¾ÈÀN»¹¾uª\¬�²´£�¤�« �\çºÇN¥u®�¯ � å è çå�µ�¦�²¹®�¾EÀN»¹¾uª\¬�²´£�¤�«±��线

�S¿NÀN½�½�»´Å £�¤�¨íªu§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�²¹®�¾ £�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ªu®�¦ £�ª�£�¤�¨¥�½�½�»´²³©3¥R£�²¹ª\®_¿ À�£�¨/¥u©º¤ ¦�£�¨°½ ·�¨ ¦�¨°»¹¨3©�£�¥ ¦�ª\µ�¬º©�¨©�ªP¯P¨ ª\§�Á¸¨3©�£ è £�ª §7¨ ªu§�¶�µ�¦�©3¥R£�¨3¯ ¥�®�¯ ¥ ¦�µ�²â£�¼¥�§�»¹¨ £�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²´ª\® « £�ª ¥�½�½�»¹Å £�ª è ¿ ßr¤�¨½�¬�ªS©°¨3¦�¦ £�¨°¬�«E²¹®�¥R£�¨3¦í·Ã¤�¨°® £�¤�¨ ¬�¨3Ì@µ�²¹¬�¨3¯ ª\§P¶�µ�¦�¼©°¥�£�²¹ªu® »´¨3Äu¨3»^¤�¥\¦ë§g¨3¨°® ¬�¨/¥u©º¤�¨/¯wªu¬ £�¤�¨ ¥u©°©°¨°½P£�¼¥�§�»¹¨ ¨�ÁP¨3©°µP£�²¹ªu® £�²¹«E¨ ©°ª\¦�£ ¤�¥\¦ §g¨3¨°® ¨°Á�©�¨°¨/¯P¨3¯_¿Õ?ú�ó+úwÔ|ÿè « ï ­ ) , ) .-5 &:2 � ) å � æ é« « ï ­ ) , ) .-5 m 7 á�ã + í 267 àGå è � � æ éÀN½�½�»¹Å?« £�ª è ¥�®�¯�µ�½;¯�¥R£�¨�¬�¨3»´¨3ÄR¥�®@£r¯�¥R£�¥

¦�£�¬�µ�© £�µ�¬�¨3¦�¶�¬�ªu« ½7ªu²¹®@£���°8MÖÈÿ4û<ü 0 2 ã ) å '*)VÛ ¦ 3 ín��q*.#. ) Ê*5 &:2<+ 5w� è � « � � æ

�P¿� è3©°ªu®�¦�£�²´£�µP£�¨Ê£�¤�¨Èª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥R£�¨3¯Ú¦�ªuµ�¬º©�¨È©°ªP¯P¨Êªu§�Á¸¨/© £º¦²¹®\£�ªE¥�®�¨°·Ëªu§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�¨/¯�¥u½�½�»¹²³©°¥R£�²¹ªu®_Ç � ��¿

�� V~[qK�6mcp �K� ¦§u ­ ) , ) .-5 &:2 � ) æ#%$ &�'�(*) ßr¤�¨+ªu§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�²¹ªu®Û½�¬�²¹ª\¬�²´£¸Åd«U¥u½�½�²¹®�¾9�­¥\¦

©�ª\«E½�µP£�¨/¯d§SÅdÀ�»¹¾uªu¬�²´£�¤�«!��¿. '�(/&0'1(*) ÀÚ¦�ª\µ�¬º©�¨&©�ªP¯P¨&ªu§�Á¸¨/© £ è ¿

�^«U¥u½�¦E¨/¥u©º¤�¦�ªuµ�¬º©�¨ü©�ªP¯P¨mª\§�Á¸¨3©�£ è £�ª:�7å è ç Ç(·Ã¤�²³©º¤$²³¦¥m«E¨3¥\¦�µ�¬�¨Uªu¶N¤�ªR·þ²¹«E½gª\¬�£º¥�®@£²´£�²³¦�£�ªÛª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�¨ è ¿áß�ª¦�¨3»´¨/© £r£�¤�¨�®�¨�ÁS£�¦�ªuµ�¬º©�¨&©�ªP¯P¨�ª\§�Á¸¨3©�£�£�ªEªu§P¶�µg¦�©3¥R£�¨uÇ�·H¨�©3¥�®£�¬�¨3¥R£;�M¥u¦r¥+½�¬�²¹ªu¬�²â£¸Å+Ì@µ�¨°µ�¨u¿t¢}®�ªu£�¤�¨3¬r·Hª\¬�¯�¦°ÇS·H¨�¦�¨°»¹¨3©�£ è¦�ª+£�¤g¥R£<�7å è ç�²³¦r«U¥RÁP²¹«E²¹à°¨/¯;¿ �� V~[qK�6mcp �K� �§u ­ ) , ) .-5 m 7 á�ã + í 267 à[æ#%$=&�'1(*) ¥\ç ÀÚ¦�ªuµ�¬º©�¨&©�ªP¯P¨&ª\§�Á¸¨3©�£ è ¿

§gç ßr¤�¨ ¥�½�½�¬�ªu½�¬�²³¥R£�¨°®�¨/¦�¦ «U¥�½�½�²¹®�¾ � ¥u¦©°ªu«E½�µP£�¨3¯�§SÅdÀN»¹¾uª\¬�²´£�¤�«±�@¿

. '1(>&�'�(�) ÀË£�¬�¥u®�¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu® «E¿ÀN®SÅ�®Sµ�«+§g¨3¬-ª�¶g¤�¨°µ�¬�²³¦¸£�²¹©3¦�©3¥�®�§g¨Ãµ�¦�¨3¯�£�ª�¦�¨°»¹¨3©�£�£�¤�¨Ã«Eª\¦�£¦�µ�²´£º¥�§�»¹¨�£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ªu®E£�ªU¥�½�½�»¹ÅE£�ªd¥M½�¥u¬�£�²¹©°µ�»³¥�¬r¦�ª\µ�¬º©�¨©�ªP¯P¨�ª\§�Á¸¨3©�£ è ¿ ê�ªR·H¨3Äu¨3¬°ÇU£�¤�¨°¬�¨8¥u¬�¨Y£¸·�ª ²¹«E½7ªu¬�£�¥�®@£²¹¦�¦�µ�¨3¦�£�ªá©�ª\®�¦�²³¯P¨3¬°¿¢��²¹¬�¦�£�»¹ÅuÇ�£�¤�¨J©º¤�ª\¦�¨°®±£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²´ª\®«�µ�¦�£U§�»¹¨°®g¯Y²´®Y®�¥�£�µ�¬º¥�»¹»¹Åʷò´£�¤Y£�¤�¨m¬�¨3¦�£dª�¶�£�¤�¨G©�ªP¯P¨m²¹®è ¿ ßr¤�²³¦U©°¥u®Y§g¨ü¤�¥�®�¯�»´¨/¯D§@Å^¶k¥aÄuª\¬�²¹®�¾ü£�¬º¥�®g¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®�¦·Ã²â£�¤È¥m¤�²¹¾\¤á¥u½�½�¬�ªu½�¬�²³¥R£�¨°®�¨/¦�¦�ÄR¥�»¹µ�¨U²¹® � å è ç ¿GÆS¨3©°ªu®�¯�»´ÅuÇ·H¨m·r¥�®@£U£�ªÈ¶k¥aÄ\ªu¬M£�¬º¥�®g¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®�¦+·Ã¤�²³©º¤YÅS²¹¨°»³¯Y¥Ê¤�²¹¾u¤­ §�¥u®�¾�¼=¶�ªu¬�¼=£�¤�¨°¼=§�µg©ºÉ�­´Ç�²=¿ ¨u¿?¤�²¹¾u¤»¹¨°Ä\¨°»³¦�ª�¶-ªu§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�²¹ªu®�·Ã²´£�¤»´ªR· ¨�ÁP¨3©°µP£�²¹ªu®^£�²¹«E¨½g¨3®�¥�»´£¸Åu¿$ßr¤�²¹¦M²³¦M¥u©3©�ª\«E½�»¹²¹¦�¤�¨/¯á§@Ŧ�¨3»´¨/© £�²´®�¾ü£�¬�¥u®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ª\®�¦£�¤�¥R£«U¥RÁP²¹«E²¹à°¨d½7ª�£�¨°®�©°ÅD¥u®�¯¬�¨/¦�²¹»¹²¹¨°®�©°¨�ÇE¥�®�¯Ý«E²¹®�²¹«E²¹à°¨±©°ª\¦�£°¿ ßr¤�¨3¦�¨$¤�¨°µ�¬�²³¦�£�²³©°¦á¥�¬�¨©°¥�½�£�µ�¬�¨3¯8§SÅY£�¤�¨á¶�ª\»´»¹ªR·Ã²¹®�¾È©°ªS¯�¨�Ç&·Ã¤�¨°¬�¨,? Ý 8 ? ° 8 ?<Ãá¥�¬�¨²´«E½�»´¨3«E¨°®@£�¥�£�²¹ªu®�¼5¯P¨°ì�®�¨/¯+©°ªu®�¦�£�¥u®@£�¦'®

è°£�µ�¬�®­¥�£�¬�¥u®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«�«EÇg¦�µ�©º¤�£�¤�¥�£«@�� ^BA � å è ç Çg¥�®�¯C�D �FEHGJIHK�L�MON CQP �FRTSOU�K�L�MON C�V�W�FXYGZU[I�K�L�M ²³¦�«U¥RÁP²¹«E²¹à°¨/¯e°

�� %~<qI�6mcp �K� A¢u 0 2 ã ) æ#%$ &�'�(*) ¥\ç '*)VÛ ¦ 3 í Ç@£�¤�¨�¬�¨°«U¥�²¹®�²¹®�¾&»¹¨°Ä\¨°»7ª�¶%ª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�¼

£�²¹ªu®_¿§gç q<.#. ) Ê:5 &:2<+ 5 Ç_£�¤�¨d¬�¨°«U¥u²¹®�²¹®�¾¥\©°©°¨°½P£º¥�§�»¹¨

¨°ÁP¨3©�µ�£�²¹ªu®�£�²¹«E¨�½g¨3®�¥�»´£¸Å�¿©3ç ÀÚ¦�ªuµ�¬�©°¨&©°ªP¯P¨&ªu§�Á¸¨/© £ è ¿¯�ç ÀË£�¬�¥u®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ª\® «E¿¨/ç ßr¤�¨�ªu§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�²¹ªu®�½�¬�²´ª\¬�²´£¸Å+«U¥�½�½�²´®�¾\��¿

. '�(/&0'1(*) ¥\ç À�®­µ�½;¯�¥R£�¨3¯ '*)bÛ ¦ 3 í ¿§gç À�®­µ�½;¯�¥R£�¨3¯ q<.1. ) Ê*5 &#2<+ 5 ¿©3ç À�®±µ�½;¯�¥�£�¨3¯±ªu§P¶�µg¦�©3¥R£�²¹ª\®G½�¬�²¹ªu¬�²´£¸Åm«U¥�½�¼½�²´®�¾]��¿

¯�ç À §7ªSªu»¹¨3¥u®±¬�¨�£�µ�¬�®^Äa¥u»¹µ�¨d·Ã¤�²³©º¤^²¹¦�m ' ìWÁ²´¶£�¤�¨ü£�¨°¬�«E²¹®�¥R£�²¹ªu®Y©�ªu®g¯P²´£�²¹ªu®Y¤�¥\¦d§7¨°¨3®¬�¨3¥\©º¤�¨3¯_¿

ßr¤�¨ 0 2 ã ) ¶�µ�®�© £�²´ª\®ü¦�¨°¬�Äu¨/¦N£¸·�ª�½�µ�¬�½7ª\¦�¨3¦°¿¢5£�µ�½;¯�¥R£�¨3¦£�¤�¨�½�¬�²¹ªu¬�²´£¸Å�Ì@µ�¨°µ�¨\��£�ª¬�¨�ý�¨/© £�£�¤�¨�¶k¥u©�£(£�¤�¥R£&£�¤�¨+¦�ªuµ�¬º©�¨©�ªP¯P¨�ªu§�Á¸¨/© £ è ¤g¥u¦N§7¨°¨3®mªu§�¶�µ�¦�©3¥R£�¨3¯;Ç_¥�®�¯Û¦�¤�ª\µ�»³¯¬�¨/©�¨°²¹Ä\¨¥¬�¨/¯Pµ�©°¨3¯G½�¬�²´ª\¬�²´£¸ÅÄR¥�»¹µ�¨�¿Ußr¤�¨E¬�¨3¯�µ�© £�²´ª\®Û²³¦&§�¥\¦�¨/¯Ûª\®G¥©�ª\«�§�²´®g¥R£�²¹ª\®Eª�¶�£�¤�¨�¬�¨3¦�²¹»´²¹¨3®�©�¨�¥u®�¯�½gªu£�¨°®g©�Ådªu¶�£�¤�¨&£�¬º¥�®g¦¸¼¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ªu®_¿ 0 2 ã ) ¥�»³¦�ª�µ�½7¯�¥�£�¨/¦ '*)VÛ ¦ 3 í ¥�®�¯ q<.1. ) Ê*5 &#2<+ 5 Ç¥�®g¯m¯P¨�£�¨°¬�«E²¹®�¨3¦r·Ã¤�¨°£�¤�¨3¬�£�¤�¨£�¨°¬�«E²¹®�¥R£�²´ª\®�©°ªu®�¯P²´£�²´ª\®�¤g¥u¦§7¨°¨°®+¬�¨3¥u©º¤�¨3¯;¿"? Ý 8 ? ° 8 ?<à 8 ?[Èr¥�¬�¨?²¹«E½�»¹¨3«E¨°®@£�¥�£�²¹ªu®P¼}¯P¨°ì�®�¨3¯©�ª\®�¦�£�¥�®@£º¦4®

�gå è ç « ï �7å è ç � åO? Ý «%±ä²�³°å è çV�^? ° « " ¶%$ å è ç�ç é'*)bÛ ¦ 3 í « ï '*)VÛ ¦ 3 ívi åO?<Ãä«%±�²h³°å è çÖ�^?<ÈC« " ¶%$ å è ç�ç éq<.1. ) Ê*5 &#2<+ 5 « ï{q<.#. ) Ê*5 &:2*+ 5{i « Ç ² $ ³°å ­ ç é' Á#m�ì ' �¥q<.1. ) Ê*5 &#2<+ 5 _ ¥¢þ�Õ '*)bÛ ¦ 3 í=_ ¥ é�� %~<qI�6mcp �K� S§ų��6}I~K��}VpTmr|�`xoIknqK�I��}VpTmrqKo��#%$ &�'�(*) ¥\ç À�®m¥�½�½�»´²³©3¥R£�²¹ª\® � ¿

§gç Àݦ�¨�£�ª�¶H²´®�½�µP£¯�¥R£º¥-� ¹ ç � Ý 8 � ° 8 ����� ê £�ª� ¿

. '�(/&0'1(*) ¥\ç À8«U¥�½�½�²¹®�¾höMå à ç]·Ã¤�²¹©º¤'Çu¶�ªu¬�¨°Ä\¨°¬�Å�¬�ªuµ�¼£�²¹®�¨ à ²¹® � Ç-¾u²¹Äu¨/¦(£�¤�¨E¨°ÁS¨/©�µP£�²¹ªu®ü£�²¹«E¨Ü�ÖRÙ#_&ª�¶ à ¿

§gç À «U¥�½�½�²´®�¾ ���Rå è çºÇʷä�²³©º¤_ÇG¶�ªu¬8¨°Äu¨3¬�Ŧ�ªuµ�¬�©°¨�©�ªP¯P¨Nª\§�Á¸¨3©�£ è ²¹® � ÇS¾u²¹Äu¨/¦�£�¤�¨�¦�¨°£ªu¶�»³¥u®�¾uµ�¥u¾u¨�©�ªu®g¦¸£�¬�µ�©�£�¦rµ�¦�¨3¯�²¹® è ¿

« ªu«E½�µP£�¨N½�¬�¥u¾u«U¥R£�²³©H²¹®P¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®'¿�ßr¤�²³¦t²¹®P¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®�·Ã²´»¹»§7¨+µg¦�¨/¯­£�ª­©º¤�ªSª@¦�¨�£�¤�¨M¬�²´¾\¤@£N£¸ÅS½g¨Mª�¶?£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²´ª\®¶�ªu¬¨3¥\©º¤�½g¥�¬�£�²³©�µ�»³¥u¬H¦�ªuµ�¬º©�¨�©�ªP¯P¨&ª\§�Á¸¨3©�£°¿��¿ « ª\«E½�µP£�¨ ¯PÅS®�¥u«E²¹©�½�¬º¥�¾u«U¥�£�²³©Y²¹®P¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ªu®_¿ ¢º¿ ¨�¿

¬�µ�® £�¤�¨�¥u½�½�»¹²³©°¥R£�²¹ªu® µ�®�¯P¨3¬È¥Ë½�¬�ªuì�»¹¨°¬Gªu® £�¤�¨$²¹®P¼½�µ�£Û¯�¥R£º¥^¦�¨�£a�$½�¬�ªRÄS²³¯P¨3¯$§SÅY£�¤�¨Êµ�¦�¨°¬3¿ « ª\«E½�µP£�¨öMå à çrå�£�¤�¨Ã¨°ÁP¨3©�µ�£�²¹ªu®�£�²¹«E¨(Ü�ÖRÙ#_Hªu¶ à ç%¶�ª\¬]¨3¥u©º¤+¬�ªuµP¼£�²´®�¨0¹a§g¥u¦�²¹©�§�»¹ªP©ºÉgÇ'²¹®�¯�²¹©3¥R£�²´®�¾U·Ã¤�¨°¬�¨+£�¤�¨E¥u½�½�»¹²³©°¥R£�²¹ªu®¦�½g¨3®�¯�¦Ã«Eª@¦¸£rª�¶-²´£�¦�£�²´«E¨u¿

ÿS¿ « ª\«E½�µP£�¨w¦�£�¥�£�²³© ½�¬º¥�¾\«U¥R£�²³© ²¹®P¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²´ª\® ���aå è ç ¿���Rå è ç�½�¬�ªRÄS²³¯P¨3¦8¦¸£º¥R£�²¹¦�£�²³©3¦�ª\® £�¤�¨ëÉS²¹®�¯�¦Ëªu¶±»³¥�®P¼

ÿ��

Page 29: masters.donntu.orgmasters.donntu.org/2008/fvti/protivenskiy/library/articles/taxonomy.pdf · !"$#%& ' #' "( )+*-,/.1032/.54768)+9;:1:=@,/A)+:547,3BDCE*-9;FG

¾uµ�¥u¾u¨ ©�ª\®�¦�£�¬�µ�© £º¦Ý£�¤�¨ ½�¬�ª\¾u¬º¥�«E«E¨°¬ µ�¦�¨3¯ ²¹® è ¿bsþ�Õ è « ï ¨3¥\©º¤¦�ªuµ�¬º©�¨&©�ªP¯P¨&ª\§�Á¸¨3©�£N²´® � þÈþ

c « ï ßr¤�¨¦�¨�£Ãª�¶-ªu½7¨°¬º¥R£�ªu¬º¦H£�¤�¥�£ è µ�¦�¨3¦'°Õ « ï ßr¤�¨�¦�¨�£Nª�¶-¤�²¹¾u¤�¼=»¹¨°Ä\¨°»g»¹¥u®�¾uµg¥�¾u¨

©°ªu®�¦�£�¬�µ�© £º¦�å�ùôúªû<ü*úÚ¦¸£º¥R£�¨3«E¨°®@£�¦°Ç¨°ÁP©°¨°½P£�²¹ªu®�¦°ÇS£�¤�¬�¨3¥\¯�¦�Ç�¨°£�©�¿ ç�£�¤g¥R£ è µ�¦�¨3¦'°

+ « ï ßr¤�¨¦�¨�£Ãªu¶�»¹²¹§�¬º¥�¬�Å+©°»¹¥\¦�¦�¨3¦�¹a¬�ªuµ�£�²¹®�¨3¦£�¤�¥R£ è ¬�¨°¶�¨°¬�¨°®�©°¨3¦'°

���Rå è ç ® ¹ ced Õ d + éúwÖ�þfb%þ6Õ�

� V~[qK�6mcp �K� `§uxw�y:k%z[{C|Q}VpTmrqKo(¨��6mrqI�6mcp:ª-�#%$=&�'1(*) ¥\ç À�®J¥u½�½�»¹²³©°¥�£�²¹ªu® � ¿

§gç öMå à ç ÇP£�¤�¨�¬º¥�®�ÉUª�¶ à ¿. '1(>&�'�(�) ÀË«U¥�½�½�²¹®�¾g�7å è çH·Ã¤�²³©º¤_ÇS¶�ªu¬r¨/¥u©º¤d¦�ªuµ�¬º©�¨

©°ªS¯�¨Eªu§�Á¸¨/© £ è ²´® � Ç-¾u²¹Ä\¨3¦(£�¤�¨ÛÏ\ÒkÓºÔSհκÖQ½×1ØkÏRÙUã7Ü ØkÏRÜ Ø�×1ä&ª�¶ è ¿

�gå è ç©3¥�®Ê§7¨d½�¬�ªRÄS²¹¯�¨3¯ü¨�ÁP½�»¹²³©�²´£�»¹ÅJ§SÅÛ£�¤�¨dµ�¦�¨°¬3Ç-ªu¬�²´£�©3¥�®§g¨E©�ª\«E½�µP£�¨3¯mµg¦�²¹®�¾¥�¤�¨°µ�¬�²³¦¸£�²¹©§�¥u¦�¨3¯Ûªu®m£�¤�¨E¦¸£º¥R£�²¹¦�£�²³©3¥�»¯�¥R£º¥Ý¾\¥R£�¤�¨°¬�¨3¯ ²¹® À�»¹¾uªu¬�²´£�¤�« �P¿ »-ª\¦�¦�²´§�»´¨�¤�¨°µ�¬�²³¦¸£�²³©°¦«E²´¾\¤@£�§7¨�®��¿���ª\¬?¥�®SŬ�ªuµP£�²¹®�¨ à ²¹® � Ç\»¹¨�£h�7å à ç�§7¨N²¹®SÄu¨3¬�¦�¨°»¹Å�½�¬�ªu¼

½gª\¬�£�²¹ªu®�¥u»g£�ª+£�¤�¨&¬º¥�®�ÉEªu¶ à Ç<öMå Ã ç ¿t¢º¿ ¨u¿]£�¤�¨&²³¯P¨3¥�²³¦£�¤�¥�£�³ ²â¶_«+µ�©º¤M£�²¹«E¨Ã²³¦t¦�½g¨3®@£H¨�ÁP¨/©�µP£�²´®�¾�¥�¬�ªuµP£�²´®�¨ à ǣ�¤�¨3® à ²¹¦½�¬�ª\§�¥�§�»´Åm¥u®Ê²¹«E½gª\¬�£º¥�®@£�½�¬�ªP©�¨/¯Pµ�¬�¨M£�¤�¥�£¦�¤�ªuµ�»³¯�§g¨�¤�¨/¥aÄS²´»¹Å+ªu§P¶�µg¦�©3¥R£�¨/¯;¿�´

ÿS¿�Ã'¨°£i�7å è ç§g¨G£�¤�¨á©°ªu«E½�»¹¨°ÁS²´£¸ÅDª�¶ è Ç�¥\¦J¯P¨�ì�®�¨3¯8§@Ūu®�¨�ª�¶�£�¤�¨�¦�ª�¶³£¸·r¥�¬�¨�©�ª\«E½�»¹¨�ÁP²´£¸Å+«E¨°£�¬�²³©°¦�²¹®Jß�¥�§�»´¨Y�u¿ÀN¾@¥�²¹®_ÇP£�¤�¨då�½7ª\¦�¦�²¹§�»¹Å+ýg¥a·�¨3¯�ç�²¹®@£�µ�²â£�²¹ªu®U²³¦�£�¤g¥R£(©°ªu«M¼½�»¹¨�ÁM©�ªP¯P¨N²³¦]«Eª\¬�¨r»¹²¹Éu¨°»¹Å&£�ª�©�ª\®\£º¥�²¹®+²´«E½7ªu¬�£�¥u®@£�£�¬�¥\¯P¨¦�¨/©�¬�¨�£º¦�£�¤�¥u®J¦�²¹«E½�»¹¨(©°ªS¯�¨�¿

�� V~[qK�6mcp �K�kj�uxw�y:k%z[{C|Q}VpTmrqKo � a*a¥�6qVa¥�6mc}VpTj¥oIjQ{ä{��#%$=&�'1(*) ¥\ç À�®J¥u½�½�»¹²³©°¥�£�²¹ªu® � ¿

§gç À8«U¥�½�½�²´®�¾�� � ·Ã¤�²¹©º¤'Ç\¶�ª\¬H¨/¥u©º¤E£�¬�¥u®�¦¸¶�ª\¬�¼«U¥�£�²¹ªu®+«MÇ�¾\²´Ä\¨3¦;£�¤�¨r¦�¨°£�ª�¶�»³¥u®�¾uµ�¥u¾u¨t©°ªu®P¼¦�£�¬�µ�© £º¦ «ë·Ã²´»¹»_¥u¯�¯U£�ªM£�¤�¨¥u½�½�»¹²³©°¥R£�²¹ªu®_¿

©3ç ÀÊ«U¥u½�½�²¹®�¾G�0��å è ç;·Ã¤�²¹©º¤'Ç°¶�ªu¬%¨3¥u©º¤�¦�ªuµ�¬º©�¨©°ªS¯�¨Nªu§�Á¸¨/© £ è ²¹® � ÇS¾u²¹Äu¨/¦�£�¤�¨�¦�¨°£?ª�¶_»³¥�®P¼¾\µ�¥�¾\¨�©°ªu®�¦�£�¬�µ�© £º¦rµ�¦�¨3¯�²´® è ¿

. '1(>&�'�(�) ÀY«U¥u½�½�²¹®�¾ � å è ç-·Ã¤�²³©º¤_Ç�¶�ª\¬t¨3¥\©º¤+¦�ªuµ�¬º©�¨©°ªS¯�¨Eªu§�Á¸¨/© £ è ²¹® � ¥u®�¯G¨3¥u©º¤G£�¬�¥u®�¦¸¶�ª\¬�¼«U¥�£�²¹ªu®�«MÇ_¾u²¹Ä\¨3¦r£�¤�¨JÖºãuã;Ü�Ï�ã;Ü ØkÖ�×5Ñ�Ù;Ñ ÕºÕ�ªu¶«ë·Ã²´£�¤¬�¨/¦�½7¨3©�£r£�ª è ¿

« ªu«E½�µP£�¨£�¤�¨Öºãuã7Ü�Ï�ã7Ü ØkÖu×=Ñ°Ù7Ñ�ÕºÕ�¦�¨�£ � å è çr¶�ªu¬�¨3¥\©º¤m¦�ª\µ�¬º©�¨©�ªP¯P¨ª\§�Á¸¨3©�£ è ¿Ãßr¤�¨«U¥�½�½�²¹®�¾M²¹¦N§�¥u¦�¨3¯½�¬�²¹«U¥�¬�²´»¹Å+ªu®J£�¤�¨¦¸£º¥R£�²³©Ã½�¬�¥u¾u«U¥R£�²³©?²¹®P¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®�©°ªu«E½�µ�£�¨3¯M²¹®EÀN»¹¾\ªu¬�²â£�¤�« �P¿

bsþ�Õ è « ï ¨3¥\©º¤¦�ªuµ�¬º©�¨�©°ªS¯�¨�ª\§�Á¸¨3©�£Ã²´® � þÈþb%þ6Õ « « ï ¨/¥u©º¤�£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ªu® þÈþ^ « ï ¯P¨°¾\¬�¨3¨(ªu¶-¦�²¹«E²´»³¥u¬�²´£¸Å§7¨�£¸·�¨°¨3®

����å�«�çr¥�®�¯�� � å è ç�°� å è ç ® ¹ � å è ç d ç «@�� ^ ê éú!Ö�þlbsþ6Õ

ú!Ö�þfbsþ6Õ �

ï�ï o ôlgÒgU \�[ªE  ñ ó Ö�õ ��¡@ôS� ��õéò ñßr¤�¨H«U¥�²¹®�©°ªu®@£�¬�²¹§�µP£�²´ª\®(ªu¶P£�¤�²³¦%½�¥�½7¨°¬�²¹¦_£�¤�¨H²´®g¦�²¹¾u¤@£;£�¤g¥R£�²´£«U¥aÅ�µ�®�¯P¨3¬�«U¥u®@Å&©�²¹¬º©�µ�«U¦�£�¥u®�©�¨/¦_§7¨H¥u©3©�¨3½P£�¥u§�»¹¨]¶�ªu¬-¥�®ª\§P¼¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�¨3¯�½�¬�ªu¾u¬º¥�«8£�ª(§g¨3¤�¥aÄu¨�¯P²´ø7¨3¬�¨3®@£�»¹Å�£�¤�¥�®�£�¤�¨�ªu¬�²¹¾u²¹®�¥u»ªu®�¨�¿]¢}®d½�¥u¬�£�²³©�µ�»³¥�¬3Çu«Eª@¦¸£?ªu¶%ªuµ�¬Hª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥R£�²¹®�¾�£�¬º¥�®g¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�¼£�²¹ª\®�¦-«U¥�É\¨t£�¤�¨Ã£�¥u¬�¾\¨�£-½�¬�ª\¾u¬º¥�« ¦�»¹ªR·H¨3¬�ª\¬]»¹¥u¬�¾\¨°¬%£�¤�¥u®�£�¤�¨ªu¬�²¹¾u²¹®�¥u»1¿t¢}®m¦�½7¨3©�²³¥u»%©°¥\¦�¨/¦Ã·H¨�¨°Äu¨3®­¥�»¹»¹ªR·$£�¤�¨�£�¥u¬�¾\¨�£N½�¬�ª�¼¾u¬º¥�« £�ªU¤�¥aÄ\¨�¯P²´ø7¨3¬�¨3®\£�¦�²³¯P¨�¼5¨�ø;¨3©�£�¦�£�¤�¥�®J£�¤�¨�ªu¬�²¹¾u²¹®�¥�»=ÇSªu¬®�ªu£H£�ª�£�¨°¬�«E²´®g¥R£�¨�·Ã¤�¨°®d£�¤�¨&ªu¬�²¹¾u²¹®�¥u»P½�¬�ª\¾u¬º¥�« £�¨3¬�«E²¹®�¥�£�¨3¦·Ã²´£�¤G¥�®Û¨3¬�¬�ªu¬�©�ª\®�¯P²´£�²¹ªu®'¿�¾(µ�¬�ª\®�»¹ÅJ¬�¨/Ì\µ�²´¬�¨°«E¨3®@£N²¹¦�£�¤g¥R££�¤�¨�ÏuÒ�Õ°Ñ�Ü�¶RÖuÒ°èâÑÒºÑ��ÖQ¶/ØkÏRÜ(å³£�¤�¨N§g¨3¤�¥aÄS²¹ªu¬]¥u¦]¨°ÁP½g¨3¬�²¹¨°®g©�¨3¯�§SÅ¥+µ�¦�¨°¬ ç�ª�¶%£�¤�¨&£¸·�ª+½�¬�ª\¾u¬º¥�«U¦?¦�¤�ª\µ�»³¯d§7¨�²³¯P¨°®@£�²³©3¥�»=¿

À�»¹»´ªR·Ã²¹®�¾�¦�µg©º¤�·H¨/¥�É�¨/Ì@µ�²¹Äa¥u»¹¨°®�©°¨�§7¨�£¸·�¨°¨3®�ªu¬�²´¾\²¹®�¥�»a¥�®�¯ªu§�¶�µ�¦�©3¥R£�¨3¯�½�¬�ª\¾u¬º¥�« ²³¦-¥(®�ªRÄu¨°»P¥u®�¯�Ä\¨°¬�Å�¨�Á�©�²´£�²´®�¾�²³¯P¨3¥�¿%¢5£²³¦?ª\µ�¬�§g¨3»´²¹¨°¶7£�¤�¥R£r£�¤�¨�©°µ�¬�¬�¨3®\£�½�¥�½7¨°¬�ªu®�»´Å+²³¯P¨°®@£�²âìg¨3¦?¦�ªu«E¨ª�¶]£�¤�¨«Eª\¬�¨�ª\§@ÄS²¹ªuµg¦�£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²´ª\®�¦°ÇP¥u®�¯J£�¤�¥R£(£�¤�¨3¬�¨²³¦¾u¬�¨3¥�£�½7ª�£�¨°®@£�²³¥u»g¶�ª\¬Ã«�µg©º¤U¶�µP£�µ�¬�¨�¬�¨3¦�¨3¥u¬�©º¤'¿�¢}®½�¥�¬�£�²³©°µ�»³¥�¬3Ç·�¨�·�ªuµ�»¹¯d»¹²´É\¨�£�ªE¦�¨3¨(£�¤�¨&¶�ªu»¹»¹ªR·Ã²¹®�¾�¥u¬�¨/¥u¦�²¹®@Ä\¨3¦�£�²¹¾\¥�£�¨/¯e®��¿���¨°·�ª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥R£�²¹®�¾�£�¬º¥�®g¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®�¦]¦�¤�ª\µ�»³¯E§g¨�²³¯P¨°®@£�²â¼

ì�¨/¯;¿ÿS¿Nßr¤�¨Ú²¹®@£�¨3¬�¥\© £�²´ª\® ¥u®�¯ ªu¬º¯P¨°¬�²¹®�¾ §7¨�£¸·�¨°¨3® ¯P²´ø7¨3¬�¨3®\£

£�¬�¥u®�¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®g¦H¦�¤�ªuµ�»¹¯§7¨�¦�£�µ�¯P²¹¨/¯;¿rßr¤�²¹¦N²¹¦Ã¦�²¹«E²¹»¹¥u¬£�ªm·Hª\¬�ÉÛ²´®á©�ªP¯P¨dªu½P£�²´«E²¹à/¥R£�²¹ª\®_Ç7·Ã¤�¨°¬�¨M£�¤�¨Uª\¬�¯�¨°¬�²´®�¾ªu¶_¥�¦�¨/Ì\µ�¨°®�©°¨Ãª�¶_ªu½P£�²¹«E²´à3²¹®�¾N£�¬�¥u®�¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®g¦%¤�¥\¦t¥�»´¼·r¥aÅP¦H§7¨°¨3®­¥+¯�²âÞU©°µ�»´£r½�¬�ª\§�»¹¨°«J¿

�P¿Nßr¤�¨�¬�¨°»³¥�£�²¹ªu®�¦�¤�²¹½E§7¨�£¸·�¨°¨°®½7ª�£�¨3®�©�Å¥�®�¯J©°ª\¦�£Ã¦�¤�ª\µ�»³¯§7¨�¦�£�µg¯P²¹¨3¯;¿���ª\¬�¥�½g¥�¬�£�²³©�µ�»³¥u¬]É@²¹®�¯Mªu¶%©�ªP¯P¨(·H¨(·Hª\µ�»³¯»¹²¹Éu¨Ã£�ª�ÉS®�ªR·�·Ã¤�²³©º¤E£�¬º¥�®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ªu®�¦]·�ªuµ�»¹¯U¾u²¹Äu¨Ã£�¤�¨§7¨3¦�£�³ §�¥�®�¾u¼1¶�ª\¬�¼=£�¤�¨�¼5§�µ�©ºÉ�´PÇ�²=¿ ¨�¿r£�¤�¨�¤�²¹¾u¤�¨/¦¸£�½7ª�£�¨°®�©°Å¥�£Ã£�¤�¨�»¹ªR·�¨3¦�£H¨�ÁP¨/©�µP£�²´ª\®dªRÄ\¨°¬�¤�¨3¥\¯;¿

��ªu¬r¥�®EªRÄ\¨°¬�Ä@²¹¨3·±ª�¶%¥u»¹»�£�¤�¨N£�¬º¥�®g¦¸¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®�¦�£�¤�¥R£�¤�¥aÄu¨§7¨°¨°®D¯P²³¦�©°µ�¦�¦�¨/¯ü²¹®á£�¤�¨�½g¥�½7¨°¬3Ç]¦�¨°¨ß�¥u§�»¹¨3¦�ÿÛ¥�®�¯ �P¿×��ªu¬¥�®DªRÄu¨3¬�ÄS²¹¨°·Ýªu¶�£�¤�¨­ªu½�¥\Ì\µ�¨©°ªu®�¦�£�¬�µ�© £º¦+£�¤�¥�£E¤�¥aÄu¨§g¨3¨°®¦�µ�¾u¾\¨3¦�£�¨3¯_Ç�¦�¨3¨&ß�¥�§�»´¨�ú�¿

ï�ï � ï Ô�Õ ¦ ¥ ò-��¦S��ò_Ø�Û�_ظôP��¡� @�ºõöò ñ�t®g©�¬�Å@½�£�²¹ªu®+¥�®�¯+½�¬�ªu¾\¬�¥u«Úªu§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�²¹ªu®+§7¨3¥�¬t¥�¦�£�¬�²¹ÉS²´®�¾(¬�¨�¼¦�¨°«+§�»³¥�®�©°¨�£�ªU¨3¥\©º¤�ªu£�¤�¨3¬°¿Â�Nªu£�ªu®�»¹Åd¯�ªE§gªu£�¤­£�¬�Åd£�ªE¤�²³¯P¨²¹®P¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ªu®J¶�¬�ªu« ½�¬�ÅS²´®�¾�¨3Åu¨3¦°Ç_£�¤�¨°ÅÛ¥u»¹¦�ªd½�µ�¬�½7ªu¬�£&£�ª­¯Pª¦�ª�¶�ª\¬r¥�»¹²¹«E²â£�¨3¯+£�²´«E¨(ªu®�»¹Åu¿-À�®�¨3®�©�¬�ÅS½P£�¨/¯d¯PªP©�µ�«E¨°®@£�¤g¥u¦¥Ê»¹²¹«E²´£�¨3¯^¦�¤�¨°»´¶³¼=»¹²´¶�¨�®ü²â£�²¹¦�¦�¥�¶�¨mªu®�»´Å±¶�ªu¬¥u¦U»¹ª\®�¾Ê¥u¦E£�¤�¨

ÿ�#

Page 30: masters.donntu.orgmasters.donntu.org/2008/fvti/protivenskiy/library/articles/taxonomy.pdf · !"$#%& ' #' "( )+*-,/.1032/.54768)+9;:1:=@,/A)+:547,3BDCE*-9;FG

w�yQk%z[{ä|Q}VpTmrqIo T�zI}Ö nmcp:ª�R}I�6~Kj¥p wba¥j¥�6}VpTmrqIo ��6}Io[{NknqK�I��}VpTmrqKo ¨�qKpTj¥o[|lª �+jQ{Nm! mcjlo[|Qj Ñ�q[{Np Ï¡j¥pT�6mr|T{ m:jQ|Qp:mrqKo

Ã%¥aÅuª\µP£ÆP©�¬º¥�«+§�»¹¨�¢¸¯�¨°®@£�²´ì�¨3¬�¦ «E¨3¯P²¹µ�« ªu®�¨°¼=·r¥aÅ ¶�¬�¨°¨ �P¿��« ¤�¥�®�¾u¨���ª\¬�«U¥�£�£�²¹®�¾ »¹ªR· ªu®�¨°¼=·r¥aÅ ¶�¬�¨°¨ �P¿�� è°«EªRÄ\¨ « ª\«E«E¨°®@£�¦ ¤�²¹¾u¤ ªu®�¨°¼=·r¥aÅ ¶�¬�¨°¨ �P¿��

« ªu®@£�¬�ªu» « ªu«E½�µP¼£�¥R£�²¹ªu®�¦

¢}®�¦�¨°¬�£ �(¨3¥\¯�ªu¬¢}¬�¬�¨3»´¨3ÄR¥�®@£« ªP¯P¨ ��¨3½g¨3®�¯�¦Ãª\®d£�¤�¨Ì@µ�¥�»¹²´£¸ÅMª�¶

£�¤�¨�ª\½�¥uÌ@µ�¨�½�¬�¨3¯P²³©3¥R£�¨&¥�®g¯U£�¤�¨®�¨3¦�£�²¹®�¾M¯P¨3½P£�¤­¥R£N·Ã¤�²¹©º¤d£�¤�¨©�ª\®�¦¸£�¬�µg© £Ã²³¦H²¹®�¦�¨°¬�£�¨/¯;¿

À Ý Ç À ° Ç ÀIà ��¿ ÿP¿���]ÁS£�¨3®�¯ Ã'ªSªu½ « ªu®g¯P²´£�²¹ªu® À Ý Ç À ° Ç ÀIà ��¿ ÿP¿ ÿ è3¯�µ�©�²¹§�»¹¨ £�ª ��ªu®P¼ è3¯�µ�©�²¹§�»¹¨

À Ý Ç À ° Ç ÀIà ��¿ ÿP¿ �À�¯�¯o è3¯�µ�®�¯�¥u®\£�¾(½7¨°¬º¥�®�¯�¦ À Ý ��¿ ÿP¿ � è°«EªRÄ\¨�»t¬�ªu¾\¬�¥u«E«E²¹®�¾¢¸¯S¼²¹ªu«U¦

«E¨3¯P²¹µ�« ¦¸£�¬�ª\®�¾ n À Ý ��¿ ÿP¿ úß�¥u§�»¹¨(¢}®@£�¨°¬�½�¬�¨°£�¥�£�²¹ªu® ¤�²¹¾u¤ ¦¸£�¬�ª\®�¾ ©�ª@¦¸£�»¹Å À Ý ��¿ ÿP¿��»]¥�¬º¥�»¹»¹¨°»¹²¹à°¨ « ªP¯P¨ ¤�²¹¾u¤ ¦¸£�¬�ª\®�¾ ©�ª@¦¸£�»¹Å À Ý Ç À ° ��¿ ÿP¿g�

ÀN¾u¾\¬�¨°¼¾\¥R£�²¹ªu®

¢}®�»¹²¹®�¨��m¨�£�¤�ªS¯ «E¨3¯P²¹µ�« ªu®�¨°¼=·r¥aÅ ¶�¬�¨°¨ À Ý ��¿ ��¿��¾(µP£�»¹²¹®�¨�Æ@£�¥�£�¨3«E¨°®@£�¦ «E¨3¯P²¹µ�« ¦¸£�¬�ª\®�¾ ¶�¬�¨°¨ À Ý ��¿ ��¿��¢}®@£�¨°¬�»¹¨3¥aÄ\¨��­¨°£�¤�ªP¯�¦ ��¨3½g¨3®�¯�¦Ãª\®d£�¤�¨Ì@µ�¥�»¹²´£¸ÅMª�¶

£�¤�¨�ª\½�¥uÌ@µ�¨�½�¬�¨3¯P²³©3¥R£�¨u¿À Ý Ç À ° Ç À Ä ��¿ ��¿ ÿ

« »¹ªu®�¨ �­¨�£�¤�ªP¯�¦ À Ý Ç À Á�o Ç�Æ ¶Â ��¿ ��¿ �¬�»´ªP©ºÉE»¹ªSªu½ »¹ªR· ·H¨/¥�É ¶�¬�¨°¨ À Ý Ç À ° ��¿ ��¿ ú�N®�¬�ªu»¹»²Ã'ªSª\½ »¹ªR· ·H¨/¥�É ©º¤�¨/¥�½ À Ý ��¿ ��¿ úÃ'ªSªu½ ��²³¦�¦�²¹ªu® »¹ªR· ·H¨/¥�É ¶�¬�¨°¨ À Ý Ç À ° ��¿ ��¿ ú

¾(¬�¯P¨3¬�²¹®�¾ è°ª\¬�¯�¨°¬NÆ@£�¥�£�¨3«E¨°®@£�¦ »¹ªR· ªu®�¨°¼=·r¥aÅ ¶�¬�¨°¨ ��¿ ú è°ª\¬�¯�¨°¬ÂÃ'ªSªu½g¦ »¹ªR· ªu®�¨°¼=·r¥aÅ ¶�¬�¨°¨ ��¿ ú è°ª\¬�¯�¨°¬ �]ÁP½�¬�¨3¦�¦�²¹ª\® »¹ªR· ªu®�¨°¼=·r¥aÅ ¶�¬�¨°¨ ��¿ ú

�(¥�£�¥ Æ@£�ª\¬�¥u¾u¨��t®�©°ªS¯�²´®�¾

« ¤�¥�®�¾u¨+�t®�©°ªP¯P²¹®�¾ ��¨3½g¨3®�¯�¦-ª\®�£�¤�¨Ã©�ªu«E½�»´¨°ÁP²â£¸Å�ª�¶£�¤�¨�¨3®�©�ªP¯P²¹®�¾�¶�µ�®�©�£�²¹ªu®'¿

À Ý �S¿��u¿��»t¬�ªu«Eªu£�¨�Æ�©°¥�»³¥u¬?£�ªU¾(§�Á¸¨3©�£ »¹ªR· ¦¸£�¬�ª\®�¾ ¶�¬�¨°¨ �S¿��u¿ ÿ« ¤�¥�®�¾u¨qpt¥�¬�²³¥�§�»¹¨�Ã%²´¶�¨�£�²¹«E¨ »¹ªR· ¦¸£�¬�ª\®�¾ ¶�¬�¨°¨ À È �S¿��u¿ ÿÆS½�»¹²´£rpt¥u¬�²³¥u§�»¹¨ ��¨3½g¨3®�¯�¦Yª\® £�¤�¨ ®@µ�«�§7¨°¬Yª�¶

ÄR¥�¬�²¹¥u§�»¹¨3¦H²¹®\£�ªM·Ã¤�²³©º¤�£�¤�¨�ªu¬�²¹¾�¼²¹®�¥�»;ÄR¥�¬�²³¥�§�»¹¨�²³¦r¦�½�»¹²â£3¿

À Ý �S¿��u¿ �

« ªu®SÄu¨3¬�£áÆ@£�¥�£�²³©Ê£�ªÞ»t¬�ªP©�¨°¼¯Pµ�¬º¥�»���¥R£º¥

��¨3½g¨3®�¯�¦-ª\®�£�¤�¨Ã©�ªu«E½�»´¨°ÁP²â£¸Å�ª�¶£�¤�¨�¾\¨°®�¨3¬�¥�£�¨/¯E¶�µ�®�©�£�²¹ªu®'¿

À Ý Ç À ° �S¿��u¿ ú

ÀN¾u¾\¬�¨°¼¾\¥R£�²¹ªu®

�­¨°¬�¾u¨ÆP©3¥�»³¥�¬rpt¥�¬�²³¥�§�»¹¨/¦ »¹ªR· ·H¨/¥�É ¶�¬�¨°¨ À Ý �S¿ ÿP¿��

��¥\© £�ª\¬ « »³¥u¦�¦ «E¨3¯P²¹µ�« n ¶�¬�¨°¨ À Ý Ç À6Å�Æ Ç�Æ ¶Â �S¿ ÿP¿ �¢}®�¦�¨°¬�£Â¬�ª\¾uµ�¦ « »³¥u¦�¦ «E¨3¯P²¹µ�« n ¶�¬�¨°¨ À Ý Ç À6Å�Æ Ç �S¿ ÿP¿ � è�¶k¥\© £�ªu¬ « »³¥u¦�¦ «E¨3¯P²¹µ�« n ¶�¬�¨°¨ À Ý Ç À6Å�Æ Ç�Æ ¶Â �S¿ ÿP¿ �ÆS½�»¹²´£rÀ�¬�¬º¥aÅ n ·H¨/¥�É ¶�¬�¨°¨ À Ý Ç À ° Ç ÀIÔ �S¿ ÿP¿ ÿ�­¨°¬�¾u¨�À�¬�¬º¥aÅP¦ n ·H¨/¥�É ¶�¬�¨°¨ À Ý Ç À ° �S¿ ÿP¿ ÿ��ª\»¹¯ÀN¬�¬º¥aÅ n ·H¨/¥�É ©º¤�¨/¥�½ À Ý Ç À ° Ç ÀIÔ�Ç ÀIà �S¿ ÿP¿ ÿ��»¹¥�£�£�¨°®JÀN¬�¬�¥aÅ n ·H¨/¥�É ¶�¬�¨°¨ �S¿ ÿP¿ ÿ

¾(¬�¯P¨3¬�²¹®�¾ è°ª\¬�¯�¨°¬ �­¨°£�¤�ªP¯�¦ � ¢}®P¼¦¸£º¥�®�©°¨qpt¥�¬�²¹¥u§�»¹¨3¦

»¹ªR· ªu®�¨°¼=·r¥aÅ ¶�¬�¨°¨ �S¿ � è°ª\¬�¯�¨°¬ÃÀN¬�¬�¥aÅP¦ »¹ªR· ·H¨/¥�É ¶�¬�¨°¨ �S¿ �

P�r��^pgk�ÍQmGP�r��^pgk�x�{<P�iMr�yjt[{�x�iP��r4wPdgx+y^t�|`βr4iRw�HÂ}M�lHts�dsy�r'y��Yx�{qwP�jk��Qh^r�pgd�w���vx�pgh^��y^t dgy_�jdgv�r4wPkt�wP�_r4w�wP�jk���k�r'tRhjiPk�dst��jk��ky^�jkyQw�x+yv)dgiPv)h^��t[wMr�yjvkt�Ú¿�jdsvM�or'iPk��jdgtRvhjtRtRk��odgy^�jk��wP��dgy�wP�^k�v)x�iRiPktR��x�y_�jdgyjf�tRkv)wPdgx�y��[P"�^k;u-vxw�y�z|{~} v)x+pgh^��y�pgdst[wPt"wP�jk�vx����^pgk)Ò�d�w�����k�r'tRhjiPktr zºkv)wPk��o����k�r'v-�owRiMr�y^t[{�x�iP��r4wPdsx�y��qÐ�k)k Per��jpgk�l�{�x�i ��ktRv)iPdg�jwPdgx+yjt x'{ewP�^k���k�r�tRh�iPkt�

��£

Page 31: masters.donntu.orgmasters.donntu.org/2008/fvti/protivenskiy/library/articles/taxonomy.pdf · !"$#%& ' #' "( )+*-,/.1032/.54768)+9;:1:=@,/A)+:547,3BDCE*-9;FG

w�yQk%z[{ä|Q}VpTmrqIo T�zI}Ö nmcp:ª�R}I�6~Kj¥p wba¥j¥�6}VpTmrqIo ��6}Io[{NknqK�I��}VpTmrqKo ¨�qKpTj¥o[|lª �+jQ{Nm! mcjlo[|Qj Ñ�q[{Np Ï¡j¥pT�6mr|T{ mQjQ|QpTmrqIo

»t¬�¨°Äu¨3®P¼£�²¹Äu¨

ß�¥u¬�¾\¨�£�¨/¯Ò 2*+-) � 2 . ÅQá »¹ªR· £�¬�²¹Ä@²³¥u» ¶�¬�¨°¨ À Ý #

¢}®�¤�¨°¬�¨°®@£À�¯�¯íÀN»¹²³¥u¦�¨3¯ ��ªu¬�«U¥�»³¦^£�ª»t¬�¨°Ä\¨°®@£ÃÆP»´²³©°²´®�¾

«E¨3¯P²¹µ�« ¦¸£�¬�ª\®�¾ ¶�¬�¨°¨ À Ý ÀIÄ #P¿ úÀ�¯�¯�pt¥�¬�²³¥�§�»¹¨ �(¨°½7¨°®�¯P¨3®P¼©�²¹¨3¦H£�ª�»t¬�¨°Äu¨3®@£ÃÆS»¹²³©�²¹®�¾

��¨3½g¨3®�¯�¦Ãª\®d£�¤�¨Ì@µ�¥�»¹²´£¸ÅMª�¶£�¤�¨�ª\½�¥uÌ@µ�¨�½�¬�¨3¯P²³©3¥R£�¨u¿

À Ý #P¿ úÀ�¯�¯ ¬�ª\¾uµ�¦=��¥R£º¥ �(¨°½7¨°®P¼¯P¨°®g©�²¹¨3¦

«E¨3¯P²¹µ�« ·H¨/¥�É ©º¤�¨/¥�½ À Ý #P¿���¿����¦�¨ ¾(½�¥\Ì\µ�¨ »t¬�¨3¯P²³©3¥R£�¨/¦·Ã²´£�¤­ÆS²³¯P¨�¼Y�]ø;¨3©�£�¦

«E¨3¯P²¹µ�« ·H¨/¥�É ¶�¬�¨°¨ À Ý #P¿g��m¥�É\¨ ¾(½g¥uÌ@µ�¨ »t¬�¨3¯P²³©3¥R£�¨/¦µ�¦�²´®�¾X�(²´ÞE©°µ�»´£Nßr¤�¨°ª\¬�¨3«U¦

n n n À Ý #P¿g�

Per��jpsk���mKPer��jpsk�x'{IP�iMr�yjt[{�x'iP��r'wPdgx+yjt�|`βr4iRwÛº�}M�T�zI}Ö nmcp:ª

wba�}dcKzIj Ñ�qIo<{�pT�:z[|Qp �+j:{�m! nmcj¥o[|Qj Ñ�q[{Np m:jQ|Qp:mrqKo« ¬�¨3¥R£�¨3¯ ¶�¬�ª\« ©3¥�»¹»³¦ £�ª�»´²¹§�¬º¥�¬�Ŷ�µ�®�©�£�²¹ªu®g¦�¿

£�¬�²¹ÄS²³¥�» �(¨°½7¨°®�¯�¦üª\® £�¤�¨D©�ª@¦¸£Ûªu¶E£�¤�¨^»¹²â¼§�¬º¥�¬�ÅE¶�µ�®g© £�²¹ª\®_¿

��¿��u¿��« ¬�¨3¥R£�¨3¯ ¶�¬�ª\« »¹ªP©°¥u»Jåk²¹®\£�¬�¥�¼=§g¥u¦�²¹©§�»¹ªP©ºÉ�çt²¹®P¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®_¿

£�¬�²¹ÄS²³¥�» ¶�¬�¨°¨4¼C¼N¼�©º¤�¨/¥�½ ��¿��u¿��« ¬�¨3¥R£�¨3¯ü¶�¬�ªu«í¾\»¹ªu§�¥u»råk²¹®\£�¨°¬�¼=§g¥u¦�²¹©§�»¹ªP©ºÉ�çt²¹®P¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®_¿

·�¨3¥uÉ ¶�¬�¨°¨4¼C¼N¼�©º¤�¨/¥�½ ��¿��u¿��« ¬�¨3¥R£�¨3¯ ¶�¬�ª\« ²¹®\£�¨°¬�¼=½�¬�ªP©�¨/¯Pµ�¬º¥�»¥�®g¯�¥u»´²³¥\¦�²¹®�¾²¹®P¶�ª\¬�«U¥�£�²¹ªu®

¶�µ�»¹» ©º¤�¨/¥�½Ö¼N¼C¼g©�ª@¦¸£�»´Å ��¿��« ¬�¨3¥R£�¨3¯+¶�¬�ªu«ë½�¬�ªS©°¨3¦�¦t²¹®@£�¨3¬�¥\© £�²¹ª\®¥�®g¯�¦�©º¤�¨3¯�µ�»¹²´®�¾

¶�µ�»¹» ©º¤�¨/¥�½Ö¼N¼C¼g©�ª@¦¸£�»´Å ��¿ ÿ

Per��jpgk �jm[Per��jpgkÂx�{²x��_r+�QhjkÂvx+yjt[wRiPh^v)wPt�

¨°®�©°¬�ÅS½P£�²´ª\®Ê¥�»¹¾uª\¬�²´£�¤�« ²â£º¦�¨3»´¶�·Ã²´£�¤g¦¸£º¥�®�¯�¦�¥R£�£º¥u©ºÉ7Ç]¥�®�¯G¶�ª\¬¥u¦»¹ªu®�¾±¥\¦J¥u¯PÄR¥�®g©�¨3¦�²¹®�¤�¥u¬�¯�·�¥u¬�¨Û¦�½7¨°¨3¯8¯PªD®�ª�£­¥�»¹»¹ªR·«E¨3¦�¦�¥u¾u¨3¦Ã¶�ªu¬(£�¤�¨M©º¤�ª\¦�¨°®­É\¨°Å@¼5»´¨3®�¾�£�¤J£�ª�§g¨+¬�ª\µP£�²¹®�¨3»¹Å�¯P¨°¼©�¬�Å@½�£�¨3¯_¿�ßr¤�¨�¦�¥u«E¨]²¹¦_£�¬�µ�¨]¶�ªu¬�¥�®�ª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥R£�¨3¯¥u½�½�»¹²³©°¥�£�²¹ªu®²°²â£-¬�¨°«U¥�²¹®�¦�¦�¨/©�¬�¨�£-ªu®�»¹Å�¶�ªu¬]¥\¦�»¹ª\®�¾(¥\¦�¦�µPÞU©�²¹¨3®\£�»¹Å�½7ªR·�¨°¬�¶�µ�»¯P¨°ª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥R£�ªu¬º¦�¤�¥aÄu¨&Åu¨°£r£�ªE§7¨�§�µ�²¹»´£°¿

��ª\¬H¨3Äuª\»´ÄS²¹®�¾&¥�½�½�»´²³©3¥R£�²¹ª\®�¦�£�¤�²³¦t·Ã²¹»¹»�®�ªu£H§7¨(¥�½�¬�ª\§�»¹¨°«JÇ¥u¦»¹ªu®�¾D¥u¦d£�¤�¨G£�²¹«E¨ü§g¨°£¸·H¨3¨°®�¬�¨°»¹¨/¥u¦�¨3¦U²³¦ÛÕ-��ÏRÜ�×5Ñ°ÜU£�¤g¥�®£�¤�¨�£�²¹«E¨�²´£r£�¥uÉu¨/¦�¶�ªu¬Ã£�¤�¨¯P¨°ª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�ªu¬r£�ªU©°¥�£�©º¤Jµ�½J·Ã²´£�¤£�¤�¨mª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�ªu¬3¿8¢5¶&£�¤�²³¦M²¹¦E£�¤�¨Û©3¥u¦�¨�Ç�£�¤�¨3®$§SÅÈ£�¤�¨­£�²¹«E¨¥�®ü¥u½�½�»¹²³©°¥�£�²¹ªu®­©°¥u®m§7¨M¥uµP£�ª\«U¥R£�²¹©3¥�»¹»¹ÅU¯P¨°ª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�¨3¯Û²´£(²³¦¥�»¹¬�¨/¥u¯PÅMª\µP£�¯�¥�£�¨/¯¥u®�¯�ª�¶-®�ªM²´®@£�¨°¬�¨3¦�£H£�ªU¥+©°ªu«E½7¨�£�²â£�ªu¬3¿

êNªR·�¨°Ä\¨°¬3Ç3²´¶P¥�®�¥�½�½�»´²³©3¥R£�²¹ª\®�©�ª\®\£º¥�²¹®�¦7£�¬�¥\¯P¨t¦�¨/©�¬�¨�£º¦;£�¤�¥�£©°¥�®G§7¨U¥u¦�¦�µ�«E¨/¯J£�ª­¦�µ�¬�Ä@²¹Ä\¨�¦�¨°Äu¨3¬�¥u»-¬�¨3»´¨/¥u¦�¨3¦°Çg£�¤�¨°®G£�¤�¨3¦�¨¦�¤�ª\µ�»³¯m§7¨M½�¬�ªu£�¨/© £�¨/¯Û§SÅm«E¨/¥�®�¦(ª�£�¤�¨°¬�£�¤�¥�®áªu§�¶�µ�¦�©3¥R£�²´ª\®_¿»]¥�¬�£�²³¥�»R¦�¨°¬�Äu¨°¬�¼}¦�²³¯P¨�¨�ÁP¨3©°µP£�²¹ªu®Eå·��²¹¾\µ�¬�¨tÿ�å�§gç�ç_¦�¨3¨°«U¦;£�¤�¨tª\§P¼Ä@²¹ª\µ�¦]©º¤�ªu²³©°¨�Çu§�µ�£?¤�¥u¦]£�¤�¨�¯�¬�¥a·Ã§�¥\©ºÉ�£�¤g¥R£t£�¤�¨�¥�½�½�»¹²¹©3¥R£�²´ª\®·Ã²´»¹»_¨°ÁS¨/©�µP£�¨�¦�»´ªR·Ã»¹ÅMªu¬�å�·Ã¤�¨3®J£�¤�¨®�¨�£¸·�ªu¬�Éd©�ª\®�®�¨3©�£�²¹ªu®²³¦¯PªR·Ã®gç�®�ªu£Ã¥�£�¥�»¹»=¿

ï�ï � ¤ Û�� Õ ¦S�|ÐH��¦\��ò_Ø�Û�^Ø�ôS��¡u \� õéò ñ¢5£J²¹¦d²¹®\£�¨°¬�¨3¦�£�²¹®�¾á£�ª^®�ªu£�¨Û£�¤�¥�£�£�¤�¨°¬�¨Û«U¥aÅD§g¨G½7ª�£�¨3®@£�²³¥�»¥�½�½�»¹²¹©3¥R£�²´ª\®�¦�ª�¶tª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥R£�²¹ªu®­ª�£�¤�¨°¬�£�¤�¥u®­£�¤�¨�ªu§SÄS²¹ªuµ�¦Nªu®�¨·�¨+¤g¥aÄu¨�§7¨°¨3®Ê¯P²³¦�©°µ�¦�¦�²¹®�¾�¿X¾(®�¨�½7ª\¦�¦�²¹§�²¹»¹²´£¸Åd²³¦(£�ªJµ�¦�¨�ª\§P¼¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�²¹ªu®á²¹®Êªu¬º¯P¨°¬&£�ªm£�¬�¥\©�¨U¦�ª�¶³£¸·r¥�¬�¨E½�²¹¬�¥�£�¨3¦°¿­ßr¤�¨U²³¯P¨3¥²³¦�¦�²¹«E½�»¹¨�®EÀ Ä\¨°®�¯Pª\¬�©°¬�¨/¥R£�¨/¦�¥Û®�¨°·þª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�¨3¯ÈÄu¨°¬º¦�²´ª\®ª�¶-¤�²³¦Ã¥�½�½�»¹²¹©3¥R£�²´ª\®E¶�ªu¬Ã¨3Äu¨3¬�ÅU®�¨°· ©�µ�¦�£�ª\«E¨°¬ Í ¥u®�¯Éu¨3¨°½�¦Ã¥¬�¨3©�ª\¬�¯dª�¶�£�ªM·Ã¤�ª\« ¨3¥\©º¤�Ä\¨°¬º¦�²¹ªu®d·�¥\¦�¦�ªu»³¯;¿tßr¤�²³¦�²³¦r½�¬�ªu§P¼¥�§�»´Å�ªu®�»¹Å¬�¨3¥\¦�ª\®�¥�§�»¹¨H²â¶7£�¤�¨�¥�½�½�»´²³©3¥R£�²¹ª\®�²¹¦t§g¨3²´®�¾&¦�ªu»³¯+¥�®�¯¯P²³¦�£�¬�²´§�µP£�¨/¯�ªRÄu¨3¬%£�¤�¨r®�¨�£3¿�¢5¶7£�¤�¨rÄ\¨°®�¯Pª\¬%ìg®�¯�¦-ªuµ�£�£�¤�¥R£]¤�²³¦¥�½�½�»¹²¹©3¥R£�²´ª\®(²³¦%§g¨3²´®�¾N½�²¹¬�¥�£�¨/¯;Ça¥u»¹»u¤�¨�®�¨°¨/¯�¦%£�ª(¯�ª�²³¦_£�ª�¾u¨°£�¥©�ª\½SÅ�ª�¶7£�¤�¨N½�²¹¬�¥�£�¨/¯�Ä\¨°¬º¦�²¹ªu®'Çu©�ªu«E½g¥�¬�¨H²´£?¥�¾@¥�²¹®�¦�£�£�¤�¨�¯�¥�£�¥§�¥\¦�¨uÇ�¥�®�¯J¦�¨°¨&·Ã¤�ªM§gª\µ�¾u¤@£r£�¤�¨�ªu¬�²´¾\²¹®�¥�»7¥�½�½�»¹²³©°¥�£�²¹ªu®'¿ Î� Ë æ ý áþ���æRþQæPè·áê�æ�å+û ��æPè�æRþ'ê é�Í0ç �Qü ý áê·æPåNâ4æPè�ü¯û�éþQü�éç�ê¯ëQæ�ü·á�ä�æá��0ÿ û ý áê·û�éþÖÍC��û þ'ê�è·é�åC� ý û þ���áþ�æRÿ�æPä�æRþ�ê�éç�è·áþQå0é�ä�þQæPü·ü�û þ'ê�é�ê¯ëQæF ?�5�?49)1�$%'&)(+*-,'.-%-/ áÿ ��é�è¯û ê·ë0ä ì|4Ïÿ ��é�è·û ê¯ëQä��4ú �� û �jæPè·æPþ'ê²ü·æMæPå0ü�ê�é�ê¯ëQæè�áþ0å0é�ä þN�Qä-ÍjæPèK��æRþQæPè�áê·é�è[Î�û ÿ ÿ%0è�é'åä� ý æ�å+û ��æPè�æRþ'êqâ4æPè�ü¯û�éþQü ���� ê�û�üMãû þ ç�á ý êMã�þQéê�þ0æ ý æPü�ü·á�è��¿ê·é�ü·ê·é�è�æ²á ý é�N��éç�æRâ4æPè���é�Í0ç �Qü ý áê·æPåâ4æPè�ü¯û�éþ�ü�éÿ�å � � ê�ü���� ý æMü�ê�é��4æPæYÂê·ë0æÏè·áþQå0é�äzþN�Qä-ÍjæPè�ü�æPæPå�ê·ë0áê:βá�ü

�º�

Page 32: masters.donntu.orgmasters.donntu.org/2008/fvti/protivenskiy/library/articles/taxonomy.pdf · !"$#%& ' #' "( )+*-,/.1032/.54768)+9;:1:=@,/A)+:547,3BDCE*-9;FG

ÆSªu¶³£¸·�¥u¬�¨�½�²¹¬�¥�£�¨3¦�©�ª\µ�»³¯J£�¤�¨°«U¦�¨°»¹Äu¨/¦Ã«U¥�É\¨�å�²¹»¹»¹²³©�²´£ºçHµ�¦�¨ª�¶Ãªu§P¶�µg¦�©3¥R£�²¹ª\®_¿ÆS²¹®�©°¨�£�¤�¨�Â\¥aÄR¥�ª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�ªu¬�·H¨Eª\µP£�»¹²¹®�¨3¯²´®z��²´¾\µ�¬�¨��U·�ªu¬�ÉP¦(¥�£�£�¤�¨+§SÅ@£�¨/©�ªP¯P¨�»´¨3Äu¨3»1Ç7£�¤�¨°¬�¨�²³¦�®�ª�£�¤�¼²´®�¾�¦�£�ªu½�½�²¹®�¾�¥�½�²¹¬�¥�£�¨N¶�¬�ªu«Ýª\§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥R£�²¹®�¾�¥�»´¨3¾\¥u»´»¹Å§7ªuµ�¾u¤@£Âu¥aÄR¥�¥�½�½�»¹²¹©3¥R£�²´ª\®_¿%ßr¤�¨(ªu§P¶�µ�¦�©°¥�£�¨/¯MÄu¨°¬º¦�²´ª\®+©°ªuµ�»³¯�£�¤�¨°®U§7¨¬�¨/¦�ª\»¹¯_¿?Í�¤�¨3®J¶k¥u©�¨/¯J·Ã²´£�¤J»¹²â£�²¹¾\¥R£�²¹ªu®E£�¤�¨½�²¹¬º¥R£�¨�©°ªuµ�»³¯J¥�¬�¼¾uµ�¨Ã£�¤�¥R£H¤�¨N²³¦�Ç\²´®M¶k¥\© £3Ç\®�ªu£?¬�¨/¦�¨3»¹»´²¹®�¾�£�¤�¨(¥�½�½�»¹²³©°¥�£�²¹ªu®�£�¤�¥�£¤�¨dª\¬�²¹¾u²¹®�¥u»¹»´Å§7ªuµ�¾\¤\£Jåk¥�¶³£�¨°¬+¥�»¹»=Ç�£�¤�¨�©°ªP¯P¨U²³¦�©°ªu«E½�»¹¨�£�¨°»¹Å¯P²´ø7¨3¬�¨3®\£G× ç Ç�§�µP£�¬º¥R£�¤�¨°¬Ã¥+»¹¨°¾@¥�»¹»¹Å�¬�¨°¨3®�¾u²¹®�¨3¨°¬�¨3¯EÄ\¨°¬º¦�²¹ªu®'¿

ÉϦ�Ø�¦S�[¦ ñ ¡Q¦u�ù���ûÀN»´¶�¬�¨3¯�p¿�ÀN¤�ª�Ço N¥aÄS²MÆS¨�£�¤�²=Ç+¥�®g¯ Â�¨°ø7¬�¨°Å �¿��N»¹»´¼

«U¥�®_¿ �tÏQ��ã7سè´Ñ�ܺÕ��.��Ü Ø³Ù;Î�Ø ã;èâÑ Õ����gѺÎ)�PÙ�Ø ?°Ô�Ñ Õ��ëÖRÙ;Ð��Ï/ÏRèéÕ�¿'À(¯�¯P²³¦�ª\®P¼=ÍG¨/¦�»¹¨°ÅuǺ��#j���P¿7¢�Æ�¬�� £R¼¸ÿ�£���¼��£j£�����¼[��¿

ù ÿaû��(¥aÄS²³¯=�H¿�¬r¥u©°ªu®_Ç%ÆSµ�¦�¥�®zÃ]¿ ÷ ¬º¥�¤�¥u«JÇ_¥u®�¯z¾(»¹²¹Äu¨3¬(Â�¿ÆS¤�¥u¬�½_¿ « ªu«E½�²´»¹¨3¬ £�¬�¥u®�¦�¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²¹ª\®�¦ ¶�ªu¬w¤�²¹¾\¤P¼½g¨3¬�¶�ª\¬�«U¥u®�©�¨ ©�ªu«E½�µP£�²¹®�¾�¿ �2�<� �tÏQ��ã7Ô�×1سÙ@î�gÔPÜ�¶RÑ�äaÕºÇ�ÿ���å�úSç®���ú_�ä�@úSÿ�£�Ç���¨/©�¨3«�§7¨°¬X��#j#�ú�¿ Å*5#5bÊ « å#åÄ#Ä1Ä ¨ á:.äà ¨ 267#; å Ê#4 3d+ å 5 2 . å q 3/+ 5 7 á#.�5 + å ¥ Í1¡ ¥ i ¥ Í ¥#¥ åñEuVN Ì:¥ ¡ ¨ Å*5»à , ¿

ù �Rû�ÆS¤SÅ\¥u« &¿ « ¤�²³¯�¥u«�§7¨°¬M¥�®g¯ « ¤�¬�²³¦Y�H¿��&¨°«E¨3¬�¨3¬°¿$À«E¨�£�¬�²³©°¦Û¦�µ�²´£�¨È¶�ªu¬áª\§�Á¸¨3©�£üªu¬�²¹¨°®@£�¨/¯Ú¯P¨3¦�²¹¾u®_¿����h����PÜ�ÖRÙ�Õ°Ö\ΰ×1ØkÏRÙ�ÕMÏRÙ´�_Ï¸Ó ×��?ÖRÜ�Ñg�rÙ@îuسÙ7ѺÑ�Ü Ø³ÙSîRÇ-ÿ�£�å·�\ç�® ú��Q���új#j�PÇ�Â�µ�®�¨���#j#�ú�¿

ù ú�û « ¬�²³¦�£�²¹®�¥ « ²´¶�µ�¨°®@£�¨/¦�¥u®�¯i�+¿;Âuªu¤�® ÷ ª\µ�¾u¤_¿��(¨3©°ªu«E½�²´¼»³¥R£�²¹ª\®­ª�¶H§�²´®g¥�¬�Ž�¬�ª\¾u¬º¥�«U¦°¿��_Ï¸Ó ×��?ÖRÜ�Ñ-����Ü�ÖuÎ3×kØkκÑ-�����ã�Ñ°Ü ØkÑ°Ù7뼄 Ç;ÿ���å[��ç�® ����� ���\ÿ�#PÇSÂuµ�»¹Å���#j#j�P¿

ù �aû�Â�¨°ø7¬�¨°Å ��¨/¥�®_¿ ����ÏRè´Ñ4½���Ü�Ï�îuÜ�ÖQ� � ã;×1Ø���ؤ£/Ö�×1ØkÏR٠ϸÓ� Ò`¼°ÑºÎ3ׯ½ � Ü ØkÑ°Ùg×5Ñ�ÐË %Ö�Ù@îuÔ�Ö°î@Ñ Õº¿ »?¤�� £�¤�¨3¦�²³¦�Ç���®�²¹Äu¨°¬�¼¦�²´£¸ÅEªu¶�ÍÊ¥u¦�¤�²¹®�¾�£�ªu®_Dz�+#�#���¿

ù �Rû�Âu¥u«E¨3¦� &¿ ÷ ª\¦�»¹¨°¬3¿;ÆSªu¶³£¸·�¥u¬�¨Ã½�¬�ª�£�¨3©�£�²¹ªu®²®q�­Å@£�¤Uª\¬t¬�¨°¼¥�»¹²´£¸Å�æá¢}® �����T�g� �]� ���9� �(ÐQ¶RÖRÙ;Î�Ñ�Õ&س١��Ü ä�ã_×=Ï�èâÏ�î�äaǽ�¥�¾\¨3¦��°ú^£��e�+�j�SÇSÀ�µ�¾uµg¦¸£���#j�j�P¿

ù��/û�Âu¥u«E¨3¦ ÷ ª@¦�»¹²¹®�¾�Ç�¬�²¹»¹»�Â�ªRÅuÇ\¥�®g¯ ÷ µ�ÅMÆS£�¨°¨3»¹¨�¿<����Ñ ÜPÖQ¶RÖ %Ö�Ù@îuÔ�Ö°î@Ñt�uã�ÑºÎ°Ø �HκÖ�×1ØkÏRÙ�¿ À�¯�¯P²³¦�ªu®P¼=Íá¨3¦�»´¨3Å�Ç �+#�#j�P¿¢�Æ�¬�� £R¼¸ÿ�£���¼R����ú_���°¼)�u¿

ù �Rû��á¿Pê�¿Pê�¥�»³¦�£�¨/¥u¯;¿���èâÑ'�MÑ°Ùg×kÕ�Ï�Ó��_Ï¸Ó ×��?ÖRÜ�Ñ��_Î�ØkÑ°Ù7κÑ�¿[�t»´¼¦�¨3ÄS²´¨3¬Â�Nªu¬�£�¤�¼5ê�ªu»¹»³¥�®�¯;Ç���#_���@¿

ù #Rû&Íá¥u¬�¬�¨°®+À�¿uê(¥�¬�¬�²³¦�ªu®¥�®g¯��&¨3®�®�¨�£�¤�¢º¿��Û¥�¾u¨3»=¿SÀ$©°ªu«M¼½�»¹¨�ÁP²´£¸ÅM«E¨3¥u¦�µ�¬�¨N§�¥\¦�¨/¯dª\®d®�¨/¦¸£�²´®�¾�»¹¨°Ä\¨°»=¿-�����R�¿ ���Ïu×kØkκÑ�Õ�ÇÏ����å·�\ç�® �j���º�Rú�Ç���#�����¿

ùs�+£Rû�ÆP¥�»¹»¹²¹¨+ê�¨°®�¬�Åá¥�®�¯¢�(¨°®�®�²³¦g��¥R¶�µ�¬�¥�¿mÆPª�¶³£¸·r¥�¬�¨U¦¸£�¬�µ�©�¼£�µ�¬�¨Y«E¨�£�¬�²³©°¦Û§�¥u¦�¨3¯ ªu®ë²¹®P¶�ªu¬�«U¥R£�²´ª\®Ëý�ªR·&¿����h����PÜ�ÖRÙ�Õ°Ö\ΰ×1ØkÏRÙ�ÕGÏRÙ��;Ï�Ó ×r�?Ö�Ü�Ñ,��ÙSî�سÙ;ѺÑ�Ü Ø³ÙSîRÇ��På��uç®g���+£�����+�PÇ�ÆS¨°½�£�¨°«+§7¨°¬���#j�º�u¿

�0ü�æPå�áþQå�á ëQá�ü¯ë65�âáÿ �Qæ ý é�ädä�0ê�æPå�ç�è�é�ä¢ê¯ëQæ�é�Í0ç �Qü ý áê·æMå ý é'å0æ �

ù�����ûÀ�«E²´¬�êN¨3¬�à3§g¨3¬�¾M¥�®�¯ÆS¤�»¹ªu«E²´£�Æ;¿�»t²¹®@£�¨°¬3¿Ï»?µ�§�»¹²³©N½�¬�ª�¼£�¨3© £�²¹ªu®Êª�¶�¦�ª�¶³£¸·r¥�¬�¨�¿z�2�<����Ü�Ö�Ù�Õ°ÖuÎ3×kØkÏ�Ù�Õ­ÏRÙ��]Ï��o½ã;Ô�×=Ñ°Ü��gäaÕ�×=Ñ'��Õ�Çe��å�úSç®��^��� �_�j#���Çj�NªRÄ\¨°«+§g¨3¬��+#��_�@¿

ù��/ÿaû�ÆSµg¦�¥u®Jê�ªu¬�·Ã²´£�à�¿�»t¬�¨3©�²³¦�¨�ýgªR·r¼=²¹®�¦�¨°®�¦�²´£�²¹Äu¨��m¥aÅ@¼5À�»´²³¥\¦¥u®�¥�»¹ÅP¦�²³¦�²³¦¿��»t¼=¤g¥�¬º¯;¿�� � �¿ Ï���gÇ��+#�åP�aç®�� ���PÇ@Â\¥�®Sµ�¥u¬�Å�+#�#^�S¿

ù����Rû�ÆSµg¦�¥u®ê�ªu¬�·Ã²â£�à�Ç�ßr¤�ª\«U¥u¦� è°½g¦�Ç�¥u®�¯ �(¥aÄS²³¯�¬�²¹®�ÉS»¹¨°Å�¿¢}®@£�¨3¬�½�¬�ªP©�¨/¯Pµ�¬º¥�»�¦�»¹²³©�²¹®�¾áµ�¦�²¹®�¾^¯P¨3½g¨3®�¯P¨3®�©�¨G¾u¬º¥�½�¤g¦�¿� � �¿ ����Ç��aÿ�åP�aç®éÿ����_��£�ÇPÂ\¥�®Sµ�¥u¬�Å �+#�#�£�¿

ù��°ú�û���¨°²¹»Â�¿HÂuªu®�¨/¦�¿±À�®^²¹®@£�¬�ªP¯Pµ�©�£�²¹ªu®á£�ªG½g¥�¬�£�²³¥�»H¨°ÄR¥�»¹µP¼¥�£�²¹ªu®_¿!�2�[� �tÏ��Nã;Ô�×kسÙSî¢�gÔPÜ�¶RÑ�äaÕºÇ&ÿ���å·�\ç® új�j£��º��£���ÇÆS¨3½P£�¨3«�§7¨°¬ �+#�#���¿

ù��+�aû�Âu¨°®�¦ �&®�ªSª\½_Ç ¬�¨°¬�®�¤�¥u¬�¯ ÆS£�¨�ø;¨°®'Ç ¥u®�¯  ¡µ�¬�¾u¨3®p]ª\»´»¹«E¨3¬°¿�»]¥�¬º¥�»¹»¹¨°»¹²³¦�«Y¶�ª\¬-¶�¬�¨3¨�®��]ÞU©�²¹¨°®@£t¥�®g¯�ª\½P£�²¹«U¥�»§�²´£�Äu¨3©�£�ª\¬�¥�®g¥�»¹ÅP¦�¨/¦;¶�ªu¬-½�¥u¬�¥u»´»¹¨3»R½�¬�ª\¾u¬º¥�«U¦°¿�� � �¿ ����Ç�+��å¯�@ç®éÿ��j���Pÿ�#�#�Çj�m¥aÅ=�+#�#���¿

ù����Rû��m¥u¬�É���¿�Ã%¥j��µ�¨�¿gê�ª\¦�¨��­ªP©º¤�¥�¿ Å*5#5bÊ « å#å Ä#Ä#Ä ¨ ß#Ý ã Ý6ß ¨� ) à 2 ã ¨ ã=, å Ç á6�¥á å Ò 2*+-) � 2 . ÅQá ¨ Ç á6�¥á Ç\Â\¥�®Sµ�¥u¬�Å��+#�#_�@¿ù��0�/û�Â\¥�«E¨/¦� &¿�Ã'ÅS»¹¨�ÇQ�(ªu»¹ªu¬�¬�¨/¦� &¿aÍÊ¥�»¹»³¥u©�¨uÇRÂ\¥�«E¨/¦� &¿ ÷ ¬º¥R¼

¤�¥u«JÇq�&¨3²´£�¤Þ¬(¿ ÷ ¥u»´»³¥u¾u¤�¨3¬°Ç�Âuª\¦�¨°½�¤Þ»�¿�»-ªSªu»¹¨�Ç&¥�®�¯��¥aÄS²¹¯üÍ ¬�²¹®�ÉS»¹¨°Åu¿���®�¬º¥aÄu¨°»�®EÀ « À�ÆV�Ú£�ª@ª\»?£�ªü¥\¦¸¼¦�²³¦¸£%¨3ÄR¥�»¹µ�¥R£�²¹ªu®�ª�¶�¤�²¹¾u¤�²¹®@£�¨3¾u¬�²´£¸Å�¦�ªu¶³£¸·�¥u¬�¨u¿Fp]ª\»´µ�«E¨Â��® è/Ì@µ�²¹¬�¨3«E¨°®@£�¦�¥�®�¯G¯P¨/¦�²¹¾u®'¿Eß�¨3©º¤�®�²³©°¥�»� è3½gª\¬�£���¢�Æ@¼ßr¢P ����#���Ç���¿éÆ7¿��(¨°½�¥u¬�£�«E¨°®@£Hªu¶ « ªu«E«E¨3¬�©°¨�Ç@À�µ�¾uµg¦¸£�+#�#j�P¿

ù����Rû�Æ@£º¥aÄS¬�ª@¦=�m¥u©°¬�¥uÉS²¹¦°¿ »t¬�ª�£�¨3©�£�²¹®�¾�¦�ªuµ�¬º©�¨±©°ªP¯P¨±·Ã²´£�¤À������?¿ í15bÊ « å#å 7 â»í65bÊ ¨ 2<+ í ¨ 2676; å Ê14 3 å á�ã<�%í å á�ã<� í£¢. 2 ,#,~¢EÊQá�Ê )-7/+ å�9 7:2 5 ) .â5:âCã ; ­ 2 4 7 . )_&:2 � ) k ¨ Ê + ÇgÂ\¥�®P¼µ�¥u¬�Å��+#�#j�P¿

ù���#RûÀ�½�½�»¹¨�­ ¦¥¤�¦£§©¨*ª�«�§�¬®­¥¯Y°6±;²�¦£§�³�´ Å:5#5bÊ « å1å Ä#Ä#Ä ¨µ ¶�·�Ä£¸Q¹£º1� ¨ ·�¸6µ å ʶQ»�¼½ å Ç�¾�¿ ¼ ¨ uQÀ å �~¼-Ä=½ ¨ r Ì r ¨ Å�Áµ=º°xÃÄ µ ¶ Ý ¨ u�À å �£¼-Ä=½ ¨ N ¥ À ¨ Å�ÁµźÆxÇ °6ÈQÉ�Êx¦£Ã£­\ËFÌQÌQÍ�´

Î ÏÂÐ�Ñ «�´gÊ£´ Ç ¨�Òr°xÓÅ­x´ÕÔ ¨×Öx¬®Ø¯�­�Ù�§|³HȬ®­F°Q²�¦£Ú�­Â´ÕÛ�Ü�Ü�ÜÝ£Þ�ß�àá�ßxâFã>ä>åÂà£á2åÂàæçåHè�ã/éhß�Þ�êëÜrà�ìxä©à=ê*ê�Þ�ä©à�ì Æ ÏíOî�ï�ð ñQÐxò Éñ�ÏÂРƣó ­F¨�­�¬\ÓÅ­FÚôËFÌ�õÂö�´

Î Ï Ë Ñ ÊxÖx÷£Ã�Ò<´ Ç ¦£ÃŲ�ÖQÃø°ÂÃÄø«0°ÂùQ÷£§ Ç ´6úqÖQ÷²�÷ùxÖÂû©³*°x°xÚ�´ Ç ­�°�ü²�¦£Ú�­�¬®­�Ã�³�ÖÂûýÄ£°�³*°®²H³�Ú�¦Å¨�³�¦Ú�­ô¨×ÖQ¬®Ø£¯Y­×Ù�§�³HÈ´7þ�å�ÿ�Þ�à=ß��1åHèæ��6á�ãZê��gá�æ å�è�ã>éhßÂÞ�ê Æ ÏÂÐ�ðTÏ Ë�õFÉ ÏxÏ Í Æ Ë�ÌxÌ ñ ´

Î ÏxÏ6Ñ�� §Y¯Y¯Y§Y°x¬ ��´�Ø=Ä�È~ªQ­ °ÂÃÅÄ��;°Â¯YØ£÷� 7´@ÊÂÖQ÷£Ã²�ÖxÃç´Ò�Ú�­F°Â³�§Yãù °ÂÓ²�³�Ú*°x¨×³ ²�¦ØÅ­FÚ�¨�¯Y°Q²�²�­F² Ó~È�Ú�­�û>°x¨×³�ÖxÚ�§Yãù£´�%Ã���³�°xà Ò<´�úq±r°Q²�Ã~È °ÂÃÅÄ ÊxÖx÷£Ã���´��r¦¨*ª Æ ­�Ä~ü§�³�ÖQÚ�² Æ�� Þ�å�â*ê�ê��Âä©à�ìÂáÕåHè ã��£ê����6á×ã ��ààÅÿß!�#"�å�à%$è×ê�Þ�ê�à=â*ê å�à "�å!�'&=ÿ£ãZê�Þ æçâ×ä>ê�à=â*ê Æ Ø°ÂùQ­F²�öQö6Éõ ñ Æ(<­�± )�ÖQÚ�ª Æ (*) Æ,+ �£Ô Æ �­�Ó£Ú�¦°ÂÚ�È ËFÌQÌ ñ ´ Ô<Ò Ç-hÚ�­�²�²�´ . Á0/*13242�½�Á65�·£½75 ¾98�¾ ·:5�¼0; ¾ 2</ ¾0= 2!/£¶�/¼Q¹½02¹£¼ . ¶~·xÁ£¸Q¹ 8F¿ »%2x¹£¼ . ¶~·xÁ~¸Q¹ 8F¿ »?>£½ ¾ /ż¹·Qº~¶£½�½�@�¼½:5A/ç½ ´

ñQÏ

Page 33: masters.donntu.orgmasters.donntu.org/2008/fvti/protivenskiy/library/articles/taxonomy.pdf · !"$#%& ' #' "( )+*-,/.1032/.54768)+9;:1:=@,/A)+:547,3BDCE*-9;FG

Î Ïxñ�Ñ 7´B�*´?DC~§�­�Ä�Ö£´"Ò�ÖxÃ�³�Ú�Öx¯4EÅÖ�± Æ Ä£°Â³�°FEÖ�± Æ °ÂÃÄ]Ø£Ú�ÖxùQÚ�°x¬¨×ÖQ¬®Ø£¯Y­×Ù�§�³HÈ´G�%à � Þ�å�â�ê*ê���ä©à~ì�áaåHè]Û�ÜhÜ�ÜH"6I6J � æ?�K" ÆØ°ÂùQ­F²�Ë î ö6É Ë�Í Ï Æ (<Ö!Cx­F¬�Ó=­�Ú�ËFÌ òxÐ ´

Î ÏÂîÂÑML ´N�<°Â¬ °Â¯Y§Yãù�°Â¬�´ «�÷£­,¦£ÃÅÄ�­F¨�§YÄ°ÂÓ£§Y¯Y§�³HÈ�ÖÂûg°Â¯Y§©°x²�§Yãù£´ÝOI �OP ��æ Æ ËFö í Í ï*ð Ë î ö~õFÉ Ë î õ�Ë Æ �~­FØ�³�­F¬�Ó=­�ÚôË�ÌxÌ~õ�´

Î Ï Í Ñ �~Ø=­�è�­�ÚQ�;¦£ùQ°xÓÅ­FÚ Æ úq¦£Ú�³R��³�§�Ú�­�±�°Â¯�³ Æ °xÃÄTS"§YÃÄ£° Ç ´� §Y¯�¯©²�´ «�÷­i§�Ã�³�­�Ú�¯�­�°<C~§�ÃùiØ£Ú�ÖQÓ£¯Y­�¬f§YÃeØ£Ú�ÖQùxÚ*°Â¬f¦£Ã£üÄ�­�Ú*²�³�°ÂÃÅÄ�§Yãù£´ �%Ã��xàU��Viå�Þ3WÂä©à�ìX"ýåÂàFè×ê�Þ�ê�à=â*ê�åÂàY;ê�Z6ê�Þ*á�ê,Ürà~ìÂä©à ê�ê�Þ�ä©à�ì Æ «�ÖQÚ�ÖQÃ�³�Ö Æ �ÃQ³*°ÂÚ�§YÖ Æ Òr°xðxÄ£° Æʦ¯�È ËFÌQÌQÍ~´ . Á0/*5�·~·[5%»£¶QÁ£¼~·!\*5�¼�; ¾ 242]/ ¾4= 2»�¹£¸ ¾ /ç½B2¹£¼B^£¼Q¹=½x¼42x¹£¼�/Ÿ£½ 8 Á£¸Â¹4_%2 8F¿ Á£¼Â¹£º~¼�¶B^ 8�¿ »O5`/ ½ ´

Î Ï ö Ñ -ý°Â¬®­F¯Y°a��°x¬�¦­�¯©²�ÖQÃç´b�7­�CQ­�Ú*²�­�üJ­Fãùx§Yã­F­�Ú�§Yãù-²�Öx¬®­FÖxã­­�¯©²�­�c ²<²�ÖÂû©³H±�°ÂÚ�­ ð �H²�§|³�¯Y­�ùQ°x¯ed Û�ÜhÜ�Ü æ å�è�ã>éhßÂÞ�ê Æ ØÅ°Âùx­�²Ì Ð É~Ìxö Æ ÊQ°ÂÃ~¦°xÚ�ÈiË�ÌxÌ Ð ´

Î Ï õ Ñ Ô;Ã�³�­FÚ�Ö�«0°Â§fC�°Â¯©²�°Q°ÂÚ�§J´g�Ãë³�÷£­]ãÖx³�§YÖxÃëÖÂûh§Yã÷£­FÚ�§�³*°Âè�­Â´�K"7J�"�å��h& ÿ£ã>ä©à~ì]æÅÿ�ÞiZ�ê��6á Æ ÏÂòí/ñQï�ð î�ñxò É î õÂÌ Æ �~­FØ�³�­F¬]üÓÅ­FÚôËFÌQÌxö�´

Î Ïxò�Ñ �£Ú*°Âãª�«�§�Ø"´Ô ²�¦£ÚjCx­FÈôÖÂû=Ø£Ú�ÖQùxÚ*°Â¬ ²�¯�§©¨�§�Ãù7³�­�¨*÷£Ã£§�k�¦£­F²�´þ�å�ÿ�Þ�à=ß���åHè � Þ�å�ìxÞ�ß��K�\ä©à�ì P ßÂà�ìxÿß�ì�ê�á Æ ñÅí>ñ�ï*ð Ë Ï Ë×É=Ë ò Ì Æ�~­�Ø£³�­�¬\Ó=­�ÚôËFÌQÌQÍ�´

Î Ï Ì Ñml °xò:-�­×³�­FÚon�°xÃKn�¯Y§�­�³�´Ò�Ú�­F¬ °6p «�÷£­7Êx°<C�°<ÖxÓ�ûO¦²�¨�°Âü³�ÖQÚ�´ \£Á~ÁB/*13242�q£¼ = 5 8�¿ Á£¼x¹65 ¿ ºO5 ¿ ¼xÁ%2 ¾ ½x¼Â¹=½02�rs5`tN5u^~¶ ¿ 5v º 8 ¼QÁ%2~·Â¹£¼6µ ¶O5A\£Áµ º�Æ ÊQ°ÂÃ~¦°xÚ�ÈiË�ÌxÌQö�´

Î ñQÐ�Ñml °xòQ-�­�³�­FÚQn�°xÃwn<¯Y§Y­×³F´ Ç Ö�¨*÷°xp «�÷£­^ÊQ°<C�° Ä�­�ü¨×ÖQ¬®Ø£§Y¯�­FÚ�´ \£Á~Á0/N13242�q¼ = 5 8�¿ Á�¼Q¹s5 ¿ ºy5 ¿ ¼QÁ%2 ¾ ½Â¼Q¹=½�2Brs5tN5z^£¶ ¿ 5 v º 8 ¼QÁ%2Fµ ¸�·!\£¶O5`\�Á�µ=ºÆ Êx°xÃ~¦°ÂÚ�È�ËFÌxÌQö�´

Î ñ Ë Ñ + ±r­ L ´ � §Y¯Y÷£­�¯Y¬�´�Ò�Ú�È~Ø�³�ÖxùxÚ*°ÂØ÷£§©¨�°Â¯Y¯YÈqØ£Ú�Ö³�­�¨�³�­FÄ®ÖQÓ�ü{ ­F¨×³�²�´ \�Á~Á0/*132�2�º½x¼Bq�q4qN5�¼�/ . ºO5H·!\|2%}~q 8 º<\ż~º�µU2B��¹4_Bt|�[5\£Á�µ ºÆ ËFÌQÌ�õ�´

Î ñ�Ï6Ñ S"§YÃÄ£° Ç °ÂÚ�È � §Y¯Y¯Y²�´�Ô;¦�³�Öx¬ °�³�­FÄ�Ø£Ú�ÖQùxÚ*°Â¬lÚ�­F¨×ÖQùxã§�ü³�§YÖxà ð °gûO­F°Q²�§YÓ£§Y¯Y§�³HÈ�Ä�­F¬®Öxò�³�Ú*°�³�§�ÖQÃç´o��Þ×ã>ä �râ×ä>ß��ÅÛ�à=ãJê����Tä�$ìQê�à=â*ê Æ î Í í Ë×É Ïxï�ð ËQË ñ É=Ë6õ Ï Æ Ë�ÌxÌ Ð ´

Î ñQñ�Ñ Ç §©¨*÷°Â­F¯ � ÖQ¯�ûO­Â´��ôä[ì]� � ê×ÞOè×åÂÞi�]ßÂà=â*ê�"�å!�'&=ä��|ê�Þ*á��1å�Þ� ß�Þ�ß!���|ê��N"ýå��h& ÿ£ã>ä©à~ì�´qÔ<ģģ§Y²�Öxãü � ­F²�¯Y­�È Æ Ë�ÌxÌQö�´*�����N(Ð ü òxÐ Í ñ ü Ï õ ñxÐ ü î ´

ñxñ

Page 34: masters.donntu.orgmasters.donntu.org/2008/fvti/protivenskiy/library/articles/taxonomy.pdf · !"$#%& ' #' "( )+*-,/.1032/.54768)+9;:1:=@,/A)+:547,3BDCE*-9;FG

�~�i�j�

�4�� �

������

� �����f���i�`�����

� �[�b�����~�z�����

���!��~�i�j�

�4�� �

�!��K�� �[���f���]�`�M���

������� �[�b�����~�z�����

� �|� � � �� � �|� � � �R 

�U� � �o�U¡ �f� � �u� � �� �[� � � ¡ �f���~�u�K���

� �o�G�f���i�u�¢���

� �[� � � ¡ �����~�z�����

�~�i�j�

��� �G�f�|�z�a�

�~�i�j�

������

������

�£�a��� ¡ �K��b����� ¡ ���

�!��K�

�~�i�j��~�i�j�

� � �R� �|� � ��y¤� �a���9¥K���� ¤� �a���o¥K���

� �o� � � ¡ �f�O¤� �`���3�� �[� � � ¡ �f� ¤� �`���i�� �y�G�f�!�]�u�M�i�

� ��� � � ¡ �����i�`���3�

�~�i�j�

��� �b���|�z�a� �`¦]�

�~�i�j�

������

������

�§��� �|¡ � ��G����� ¡ ���

�9� ���f� � �z� � �

�U� � �9��¡ �f� � �z� � ��o� � �9�i¡�f���i�u�¢���

�A¨<�

� ��K������� ������

� �����f���i�z�¢���� �:���f���~�z�K���

� � � �� �

� �

�9���� �K��:¤� �[¤�

�z©~�

� �[�b�����i�z�����

ªU«­¬~®0¯±°M²]²!³F´�µ�¶0«¸·4¹iº�»±«­µ]¼�½'µ~¾7»±¿�°�«­¼�¿0°j¯±«¸»�º~¼0¹�°g¿�«­°j¯�º�¯±¹3¿!À!ÁFÂ�Ã<Ã~Ä¢«­½*»±¿�°F¯±µ!µ�»Dµ�¾:»±¿�°F«Å¼0¿�°j¯±«¸»�º�¼�¹�°�»u¯±°�°¢Æ�Ç�ÈBÉ]Ê�Ë�Ä¢«­¼QÌ!ºiÍ]º<Î�ÁMÏ|¯±«Åº~¼�¬~Э°�½¯±°jÑ0¯±°�½u°�¼!»6½u®�Ò0»u¯±°j°�½�Á*Ï:¿0°j¯±°D«­½*º�¼Óº�¯u¯±µiÔÕ¾Ö¯±µ~×ع�Ðź�½u½hÙ � »±µ�Ù � «­¾:Ù � «Å¼0¿�°j¯±«¸»±½O¾Ö¯±µ]×£Ù � ÁNÏ:¿0°'»AÔ:µMÒ4º�½u«Å¹'µ]Ñ�°3¯�º�»±«­µ]¼0½�Ú�¹�Ðź�½u½6¾�º�¹j»±µ~¯±«­¼�¬º�¼4¶�¹jÐÛº�½u½s«­¼0½u°j¯u»±«­µ]¼|Ú4º�¯±°*½u¿0µ�Ôy¼¢«­¼QÆeº!Î:º~¼�¶RÆ�Ò?Î�ÚB¯±°�½uÑ�°�¹j»±«­Í<°jЭÀ!Á�Üy¾Ö»±°j¯y¾fº~¹j»±µ�¯±«Å¼0¬m¹�Ðź~½u½6ÙDÚ�º~ЭÐ?¯±°j¾f°3¯±°�¼�¹�°j½s»±µmÙÕ«­¼K»±¿0°*Ñ0¯±µ]¬�¯�º~×ݽu¿�µ~®�ÐŶÒ�°y¯±°�Ñ0ÐÛº�¹�°i¶gÒ!ÀmÙ � Á�ª�º~¹j»±µ�¯±«Å¼0¬'º~¼4¶g«­¼�½u°3¯u»±«Åµ~¼Mº�¯±°O¼�µ~¯±×mº�ЭЭÀ�¹�µ]×DÒ�«­¼�°i¶?Á9Ï:¿0«Å½o«­½[¶0µ~¼�°y«­¼ÓÆe¶4Î�Ú<Ôy¿�°3¯±°O»±¿0°Oµ�¯±«­¬]«­¼4º�Ð%¹jÐÛº�½u½yÙx«Å½o·�¯±½z»o½uÑ�Э«¸»«­¼!»±µmÙ � º�¼4¶�Ù � Ú�º~¼�¶M»±¿0°�¼�º�¼�°jÞ�»u¯�ºD¹�¿�«­ÐŶ�«­½y¹j¯±°iº�»±°�¶K¾fµ�¯*Ù � Á

ñÂî

Page 35: masters.donntu.orgmasters.donntu.org/2008/fvti/protivenskiy/library/articles/taxonomy.pdf · !"$#%& ' #' "( )+*-,/.1032/.54768)+9;:1:=@,/A)+:547,3BDCE*-9;FG

ßà

á

â

ß�ãfä �jå�æ ���

ç

è ¸�;�¼ »yéR\sêµ=¼QÁ0\Ÿ�;ëtyì�í~í�ízé è ¸�;�¼ .�îÕï2?ðòñTð02 »òót»65zô¸B^£¼:ì î ê

\õóT\*5zô¸B^£¼:ì î ê2?ðÕö÷ð02 \õóT\*5�ø ¿ ½x¼Q¹~Áyì ¿ ¼Bq è ¸�;�¼ î ê

5552?ðÕù÷ð02 ú65uûyì�í~í�í`é . 5zô£¸0^£¼:ì î�î ê

5552?ðýüÝð02 8 . í .�þgþ » ï�ÿ í�í�í2?ð À÷ð02 8 . í » þgþ \ ï�� í�í�í

5552?ð��÷ð02 . 5��£¸��¼ ¿ ó��¶~º½x¼:ê

»65��£¸��¼ ¿ ó��¹ ¾ ¼:ê2?ð�÷ð02 8 . í .�� �£¸ �¼ ¿ ï ÿ í�í~í

5552?ð��÷ð02 . 5��£¸��¼ ¿ ó��¹ ¾ ¼:ê

\*5��£¸��¼ ¿ ó��¶~º½x¼:ê2?ð��÷ð02 8 . í .�� �£¸ �¼ ¿ ï�� í~í�í�

ªU«­¬~®0¯±°�²��B³��6Ñ4º���®0°gÑ0¯±°i¶B«­¹iº�»±°�½D¹�µ]¼0½z»u¯±®�¹j»±°�¶R¾Ö¯±µ]× µ~Ò��z°�¹j»±½�º�¼4¶aº�Ðūź�½u°�½�Á���°g¹�µ~¼�½z»u¯±®�¹3»�º¢¶�À0¼�º~×g«­¹g½z»u¯±®�¹3»±®0¯±°g×mº]¶B°�¾Ö¯±µ~×��BÃ��!Ê]½�Á��º~¹�¿ �BÃ��!Êg¿4º~½OºFÒ�µ!µ~Э°iº~¼¢·4°jÐÛ¶"!�Ã$#BÊ�%�º�¼4¶K»AÔ:µ�Ñ�µ~«­¼�»±°3¯O·�°�ÐŶ0½hÆf¯±°�ÑB¯±°�½u°�¼!»±°i¶KÒ!ÀMÒ�Ðź�¹�&K¶0µ�»±½3Î�Ôy¿�«­¹3¿�¹iº~¼�Ñ�µ~«­¼�»y»±µ�µ�»±¿�°j¯O¼0µ�¶0°�½�ÁoÏ:¿�°½z»u¯±®0¹j»±®0¯±°*«­½s¶0°�½u«­¬~¼�°i¶�»±µ�¹jµ]¼�½u«­½z»sµ~¾9»AÔ:µg¹�µ~¼�¼�°j¹j»±°i¶�¹�µ~×gÑ�µ]¼0°�¼!»±½�Ú('gº�¼4¶*)4Á4Ï:¿�°j¯±°'º�¯±°N»`Ô:µg¬~Эµ]Ò4º�ÐUÑ�µ]«­¼!»±°j¯±½�Ú+mº~¼4¶",4Ú4Ñ�µ~«Å¼!»±«­¼�¬g«­¼!»±µ'gº�¼4¶-)4Ú�¯±°�½uÑ�°j¹j»±«­Í<°�иÀ!Á

ï.0/ ê.21 ê.23 ê�

465879

ï8 . ì�: ÿ î.0/¼~º½x¼.<;/ ê8 . ì>= � î. 1¼~º½x¼.@?�A�B1 ê8 . ì�C � î.@?�A�B3 ê.23 ê�

4�DE79

ï8 . ì>: ÿ î.0/¼�º½x¼. ;/ ê8 . ì���¹ ¾ ¼ î. 1¼�º½x¼.@?�A�B1 ê8 . ì���¶~º½x¼ î.@?�A�B3 ê.23 ê�

4GF<79

ï.0/ ê8 . ì>: ÿ îê

¼~º£½x¼ê

8 . ì���¹ ¾ ¼ î. 1¼~º£½x¼.@?�A�B1 ê8 . ì���¶~º½x¼ î.@?�A�B3 ê.23 ê�

4�H 79ï

.0/ ê.21 ê.23 ê�

ªU«­¬~®0¯±°y²�I�³J�6ÒB¾f®0½u¹iº�»±«­µ]¼DÍ�½�Á9¶0°jµ]Ò0¾Ö®�½u¹iº�»±«­µ]¼|Á:Æeº!Î%½u¿0µ�Ôy½ º�¼Fµ�¯±«Å¬~«­¼4º~Ð�ÑB¯±µ]¬~¯�º�×Õ¹�µ~¼�½u«­½z»±«­¼�¬Nµ�¾�»±¿0¯±°j°7½z»�º�»±°j×g°�¼!»±½2K ��L�� Ò�°�«­¼0¬6µ]ÒB¾f®0½u¹iº�»±°i¶?ÁÏ:¿0°�¯±°iº�ÐOÑB¯±µ]¬�¯�º~×#½z»�º�»±°�×g°�¼!»±½�¿4ºiÍ<°MÒ�°�°�¼GÒ�µiÞB°i¶b¾Öµ~¯m¹�Ðź�¯±«­»AÀ!Á�Ï:¿�°�®0¼BÒ�µiÞB°i¶a¹�µ�¶B°K¯±°�ÑB¯±°�½u°�¼!»±½�»±¿�°KÒ�µ]¬]®0½NM±ÑB¯±µ]¬~¯�º�×POeÔy«­»±¿0«­¼QOe»±¿�°>OÑB¯±µ]¬�¯�º~×�R0Á*S`¼�Æ�Ò?Î6º�¶B°�µ]ÒB¾f®0½u¹iº�»±µ�¯F«Å¶0°j¼�»±«¸·�°�½ M±¹�µ~¼�½z»�º~¼!»TR¢µ~Ñ4ºG�!®0°�Ñ0¯±°i¶B«­¹iº�»±°�½MÆ�«�Á °]ÁMÑ0¯±°i¶B«Å¹�º�»±°�½h»±¿4º�»'º~иÔ[º�ÀB½D°jÍ]º�ÐÅ®�º�»±°�»±µ�»±¿0°g½±º~×g°¯±°j½u®�и»jÎ:º~¼4¶m¯±°�Ñ�Ðź�¹�°�½[»±¿�°�×,Ôy«­»±¿M»±¿�°�«¸¯O¹�µ~×gÑ�®0»±°�¶mÍ~º~Э®0°]ÁJS`¼QÆ�¹�Î�»±¿�°Nµ~Ò0¾Ö®�½u¹iº�»±µ~¯s¶0°j»±°3¯±×g«Å¼0°�½:»±¿4º�»y½z»�º�»±°�×g°j¼�»±½UK � º�¼4¶EK ¤� «­¼K¾fº~¹j»sº�¯±°«Å¶B°�¼!»±«Å¹�º~Ð�Ú|º~¼4¶¢¿0µ]«­½z»±½N»±¿�°'¹�µ]×g×gµ~¼�¹�µ�¶B°D¾Ö¯±µ~×Ø»±¿�°'¹�µ~¼4¶0«¸»±«­µ]¼�º~Ð�ÁVSA¼GÆe¶4Î[»±¿0°F¶B°�µ]ÒB¾f®�½u¹�º�»±µ~¯*º~Ñ�Ñ0Э«Å°j½N½uµ]×g°'·4¼4º�ÐU½u«­×gÑ�Э«¸·4¹iº�»±«­µ]¼�½�Ú|º�¼4¶¯±°3»±®0¯±¼�½[»±¿0°NÑ0¯±µ~¬~¯�º~×÷»±µF«­»±½yµ�¯±«Å¬~«­¼4º~Ð|¾fµ~¯±×�Á

ñ Í

Page 36: masters.donntu.orgmasters.donntu.org/2008/fvti/protivenskiy/library/articles/taxonomy.pdf · !"$#%& ' #' "( )+*-,/.1032/.54768)+9;:1:=@,/A)+:547,3BDCE*-9;FG

WYXiá�æ>ZG[3� ¦ X © æ\G[jæ>Z ¦ Z © á$]^ Z ¦>_ áG` �ba>c ^ ` �a ��X��dZ~�de c e���f

g � ¦ X ¨�¦ Z ¨ih [ � Z ¦ Z$]�bji¦ å ¦Q© e ¦ `k`�à�[>eiæ�` �l�� l�� l���bji¦ å ¦R© e ¦ `k`�à�[>eiæ�` �m � àdnG` ©�¦ ��æ ¨�¦>_k_ e�[ ©�¦ ��[���X� � � � � �

ji¦ å ¦o�æ © ��prq_ [>eiæ>Z� ¤�� ¤� � ¤��bji¦ å ¦Ó© e ¦ `k`�à�[>eiæ�` �o�æ�� � àdnG` ©�¦ ��æ ¨�¦>_k_ e�[ ©�¦ ��[���X

s�� s<� s]��bji¦ å ¦ `���nkZ © æ�à�[>eiæ�` �o�æ © ��p _ [>eiæ ¨�¦>_k_ e�[ ©�¦ ��[���X

WYo t ¦ p<æ u [YX ¨g ]Yp � �deiv ¦j� eiæ �ba ��XG`3� ¦ X��Nw��i�de �vk] _ æx ã x p<æ���á~� ¨�y{z|yU}~yx �o�� �

© e ¦ `k`

wdZ~� ß Z ¦ pWYX _ n��

�G`jæ>Z[YX���æ>Z�q¦�© ��[���Xv�á�æ���Z�æTpwdZ~�jå�æ>Z

�iå ¦ e>n ¦ ��æm _�¦d� n�æwdZ�æ ¨ [ ©�¦ ��æ�`

g � ¦ ��[k`3��[ ©�¦ e� X ¦ ed]�`k[k`u X~��fkXa� _�¦d� n�æ_�¦ �i��æ>ZkXG`_ Z�æ ¨ [ ©�¦ ��æ>�

���

��

� e�[ ¦ `� X ¦ ed]�`k[k`

W ¨ æ>X���[3àk]m _�¦d� n�æwdZ�æ ¨ [ ©�¦ ��æ�`

wdZ~� ß Z ¦ pg e�[ © æ>Z

� ¿ ;�¸Á�¹£¶ ¿ ½ . ¸Q¹%>µ=¶QÁ 8 ¸ ¿ ½o ¦ � ¦o�æ _ æ>X ¨ æ>X © æ� X ¦ ed]�`k[k`

ªU«­¬~®0¯±°�²��B³�ÜO¯±¹�¿�«¸»±°�¹j»±®B¯±°Kµ�¾*º�Ì!ºiÍ]ºÓ¶0°�µ~Ò0¾Ö®�½u¹iº�»±«Åµ~¼�»±µ!µ~ÐeÁGÏ:¿0°�×mº�«Å¼b«­¼�Ñ0®0»D»±µÓ»±¿0°K»±µ!µ]Ð[«­½mº�¼�º�Ñ�Ñ0ÐÅ«­¹iº�»±«­µ]¼�×mº~¶0°M®�Ñbµ~¾NºÓ½u°3»gµ~¾µ~Ò0¾Ö®�½u¹iº�»±°i¶MÌ<º�Í~º*¹�Ðź~½u½7·�Э°�½�Á�Ï:¿�°O¯±°�Í<°j¯±½u°O°�¼�¬~«­¼�°�°j¯7×mº�Àgº~Э½uµ'Ñ0¯±µ�Í�«Å¶0°[·4Э°�½:µ�¾%«Å¼0Ñ�®B»:¶0º�»�º*»±µDº�ЭÐŵiÔx½z»�º�»±«­½z»±«Å¹�º~Ð?°jÞB°�¹�®B»±«Åµ~¼m«Å¼B¾fµ�¯±×mº�»±«­µ]¼»±µKÒ�°�¬<º�»±¿�°j¯±°�¶%ÁFÏ:¿�°F»±µ!µ~Ðo«­½*Э«�&<°�иÀ¢»±µK¯±°k�!®0«­¯±°F°jÞ�»±°�¼�½u«­Í<°D®�½u°j¯h«­¼!»±°j¯�º~¹3»±«Åµ~¼|Ág´�µ]½z»*»±¿�°jµ~¯±°�×£ÑB¯±µ�Í<°j¯±½�Ú%¾fµ~¯h°3Þ�º�×gÑ�Э°]Ú%¼�°j°i¶Ó¬~®�«Å¶�º�¼�¹�°»±µg·�¼4¶�ÑB¯±µ~·�»�º�Ò�Э°hÑ0¯±µ!µ�¾o½z»u¯�º�»±°�¬]«­°�½�ÁsÏ:¿0°Dµ~®0»±Ñ�®B»Oµ~¾ »±¿�°N»±µ!µ~Ð9«Å½sºg½u°j»sµ~¾o¶0°�µ~Ò0¾Ö®�½u¹iº�»±°i¶�¹�Ðź~½u½6·�Э°�½OÔy¿0«­¹3¿¢¹iº�¼�Ò�°'¹jµ]¼�Í<°j¯u»±°i¶M»±µgÌ!ºiÍ]º½uµ~®0¯±¹�°hÒ!ÀMº�¶B°�¹�µ]×gÑ0«­ÐÅ°3¯iÁ

ñ ö