-1- nervous system chapter 17 central nervous system the spinal cord brain brain stem cerebellum...
TRANSCRIPT
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Nervous system
Chapter 17 Central Nervous System
The spinal cord
Brain brain stem
cerebellum
diencephalon
telencephalon
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cerebral longitudinal fissurecorpus callosumcerebral transverse fissurecerebral transverse fissurecentral sulcusparietooccipital sulcusfrontal lobetemporal lobeoccipital lobeparietal lobeinsular lobe
the shape and sublobe of telencephalon
telencephalon
frontal lobe
parietal lobe
occipital lobe
temporal lobe
insular lobe, insula
cerebral longitudinal fissure
central sulcus
frontal lobe
occipital lobe
parietal lobe
parietooccipital sulcus
lateral sulcus
central sulcus
parietooccipital sulcus temporal lobe
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frontal lobe : anterior paracentral fissure superior frontal sulcus inferior frontal sulcus precentral gyrus superior frontal gyrus middle frontal gyrus inferior frontal gyrus
parietal lobe: postcentral sulcus; intraparietal sulcus postcentral gyrus superior parietal lobule inferior parietal lobule ( supramarginal gyrus 、 angular gyrus ) temporal lobe: superior temporal sulcus Inferior temporal sulcus superior temporal gyrus middle temporal gyrus inferior temporal gyrus transverse temporal gyri
superolateral surface of hemisphere
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precentral gyrus
central sulcus
postcentral gyrus
postcentral sulcus
superior parietal lobule
intraparietal sulcus
supramarginal gyrus
angular gyrus
inferior temporal gyrus
precentral sulcus
superior frontal gyrus
superior frontal sulcus
middle frontal gyrus
inferior frontal sulcus
inferior frontal gyrus
lateral sulcus
superior temporal gyrus
superior temporal sulucs
middle temporal gyrusinferior temporal sulcus
preoccipital incisure
parietooccipital sulcus
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Hemispherical medial surface
paracentral lobulecorpus callosumpseudoventriclecalcarine sulcuscuneate lobelingual gyrussulcus hippocampicingulate gyrus
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olfactory bulbolfactory tractolfactory triangleanterior perforated substancecollateral sulcussubiculum hippocampiuncusmedial occipitotemporal gyruslateral occipitotemporal gyrusdentate gyrusHippocampushippocampal formation
inferior view
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septal areacingulate gyrusSubiculum hippocampiuncushippocampusdentate gyrus
limbic lobe
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functional localization of cerebral cortex
First somatic motor area precentral gyrus,anterior part of paracentral lobule ( 4 、 6 area )
The efferenting fibers composed of pyramid tract, and carry out the administration of skeletal muscle movement.
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First somatic sensory area paracentral lobule,posterior part of paracentral lobule ( 3 、 1 、 2 area )
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Visual area the occipital cortex above or below the calcarine sulcus (17 area)
17
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4 . auditory area transverse temporal gyri ( 41 、 42 area )
5 . area of equilibrium sense the inferior extremity of postcentral gyrus
6 . olfactory region the medial part of uncus of parahippocampal gyrus and its vicinity
8 . visceral motor center limbic lobe
7. gustatory area the inferior part of postcentral gyrus ( 43 area )
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9.speech center
( 1 ) motor speech center : posterior part of inferior frontal gyrus - Broca area ( 44 、 45 area )( 2 ) writing area : posterior part of middle frontal gyrus ( 8 area )( 3 ) auditory speech center : posterior part of superior temporal gyrus ( 22 area )( 4 ) visual speech center ( reading center ): angular gyrus ( 39 area )
cheirokinesthetic center
motor speech center
Wernicke area visual speech
center
auditory speech center
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telencephalic internal structure
1 . basal nuclei( 1 ) corpus striatum( 2) claustrum ( 3) amygdaloid body
corpus striatumcaudate nucleus
lentiform nucleus
neostriatum
globus pallidus—paleostriatum
putamen
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divide into four parts : anterior horn — extend to frontal lobe posterior horn — extend to occipital lobeinferior horn — extend to temporal lobecentral part — lies in parietal lobe
Communicate with the third ventricle of cerebrum through left and right interventricular foramen.
2. lateral cerebral ventricle
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3 . cerebral cortexthe gray matter covering on the surface of cerebral hemisphere
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52 areas can be divided according to Brodmann
subregion :
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Interhemispheric medulla
1 、 association fibers ①fasciculus uncinatus ②superior longitudinal fasciculus ③inferior longitudinal fasciculus ④cingule
archiform fibers
superior longitudinal fasciculus
lentiform nucleus
uncinate fasciculus
inferior longitudinal fasciculus
cingulum
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2 、 commissural fibers corpus callosum : mouth,knee,trunk,spleniumanterior commissure—link the temporal lobe of two sides fornix,fornical commissure
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Internal capsuleLocate between dorsal thalamus, caudate nucleus and lentiform nucleus. The horizontal section assumes the shape of V to the outside.
3 、 projection fibers
anterior limb of internal capsule—frontal regionknee of internal capsuleposterior limb of internal capsule—occiput thalamolentiform part ( between lentiform nucleus and thalamencephalon ) retrolentiform part sublentiform part
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( 1 ) projection fibers of anterior limb of internal capsule frontopontile tract anterior thalamic radiations( 2 ) projection fibers of knee of internal capsule corticonuclear tract( 3 ) projection fibers of posterior limb of internal capsule corticospinal tract corticorubral tract occipitotemporopontine tract central thalamic radiations optic radiation acoustic radiation
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1 、 the half body sensory deprivation of opposite side ( the injury
of central thalamic radiations )2 、 contralateral hemiplegia ( the injury of corticonuclear tract an
d corticospinal tract )3 、 the half blindness of two visual field in the same side ( the inj
ury of optic radiation )
The injury of one internal capsule can produce symptom of “three unsymmetrical” :
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Subcortex structure : amygdaloid body,septal nuclei,hypothalamus,the anterior nucleus of dorsal thalamus et al.
limbic system
limbic lobe : cingulate gyrus,parahippocampal gyrus,uncus,hippocampus,dentate gyrus et al.
function : 1 、 control visceral regulation, emotional reaction and sexual activity and so on. 2 、 hippocampus is related to memory.