Φιλοσοφία Δικαίου (1 από 2)
TRANSCRIPT
, 2012/13
T ( ) , , ( );
:
:
Simon Blackburn, The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy, Oxford/NY: Oxford University Press.
Brunschwig Jacques & Lloyd Geoffrey E.R. (ed.), Greek Thought, A Guide to Classical Knowledge, Cambridge Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University, 2000.
Ted Honderich (ed), Oxford Companion to Philosophy, ed. by, Oxford/NY: Oxford University Press, 1995.
W. V. Quine, Quiddities: An Intermittently Philosophical Dictionary, Penguin 1990.
:
Nagel Thomas, What does it all mean? A Very Short Introduction to Philosophy, Oxford: OUP.
Sandel Michael, , , . . , , , 2011.
Williams, Bertrand, The Legacy of Greek Philosophy, , The Sense of the Past, Princeton University Press: Princeton, NJ, 2006.
Meier Christian, A Culture of Freedom, Ancient Greece & the Origins of Europe, translated by Jefferson Chase, with a forward by Kurt Raaflaub, Oxford: OUP, 2011.
Rachels James, , : , 2012.
Snell Bruno, Die Entdeckung des Geistes, Studien zur Entstehung des europischen Denkens bei den Griechen, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht: Gttingen, 1980 ( , ).
, ., , , : , : . . , 2000. McKirahan Richard, Presocratic Philosophy, The Blackwell Guide to Ancient Philosophy (ed. by Christopher Shields), Oxford: Blackwell 2003, . 5-25.
Mourelatos Alexander (ed.) The Pre-Socratics, Garden City, New York: Anchor Press, 1974, 189-229.
he Greek Sophists, Penguin Classics, 2003
Gibert John, The Sophists, The Blackwell Guide to Ancient Philosophy (ed. by Christopher Shields), Oxford: Blackwell 2003, . 27-50
Guthrie W.K. C., The Sophists, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1971 ( ).
Brickhouse Thomas C. & Smith Nicholas D., Socrates, The Blackwell Guide to Ancient Philosophy (ed. by Christopher Shields), Oxford: Blackwell 2003, . 55-73.
Kraut Richard, Socrates and the State, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1984.
W.K. C. Guthrie, Socrates, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1971 ( ).
, , : , 1993.
, , . , . Simon Blackburn, Platos Republic, A biography, Atlantic books, London, 2006 ( , . - , : , 2007).
Gerasimos Santas, Platos Ethics, 118 ., The Blackwell Guide to Ancient Philosophy (ed. by Christopher Shields), Oxford: Blackwell 2003, . 5-25.
Bernard Williams, , . , , 1996.
Kraut Richard (ed.) Plato's Republic, Critical Essays, Rowman & Littlefield, 1997,
Julia Annas, A Commentary on Platos Republic ( : Julias Annas, E , . , 2006).
Barnes Jonathan, , : , 2006.
Rorty Amelie Oksenberg (ed.), Essays on Aristotle's Ethics, Berkeley, University of Calif Press, 1980.
Miller Fred D. Jr., Aristotle: Ethics and Politics, The Blackwell Guide to Ancient Philosophy (ed. by Christopher Shields), Oxford: Blackwell 2003, . 184-215.
R.W. Sharples, Stoics, Epicureans and Sceptics, Routledge: London, New York, 1996.
Bix Brian, , : . , 2007
Coleman Jules/Shapiro, Scott, The Oxford Handbook of Jurisprudence and Philosophy of Law, Oxford: OUP
Murphy, Mark C. Philosophy of Law, The Fundamentals, Oxford: Blackwell, 2007.
Postema, Gerald, Legal Philosophy in the Twentieth Century: The Common Law World (2011)
, , : .
1. : ;
. , , , . , . ( : ;). . . , .
, , . , , . / . , . , , ;
, . , . . .
. , . , . , , (, , "").
. ; ; ;
, "" " ", , " " (. ) . : . , . . ;
( ) . . , . . : , ; , . .
, , , . , , , ; , , ( ), ; , ( ) ; ; . , , , , ( ), .
T ; . ' . . . , , . , , . , ( , , , ), - - .
. ; ; ; ; ( ) , . . , .
, ( : , , ;) . , . : ; ; ; , , ; , , , ; , ) ) ;
( , ) , . , , , , "". : , , , (), , , ; , , , ; , ; ; ; ; . , , . . , , .
_____________________________________________________________________
, , , . :
i. : , ; , ; , ; . (, ) . : , . ( ) .
ii. : ; ( ); ; : ( ), . . . , : , , ; , : ; ; ; ; ; ; , , ; .iii. , (= ); . , .
. : , .
_____________________________________________________________________
. , . , . . . .
Simon Blackburn.
- . T , , , . , , , , () . , (Russel). ,
. ( , )
. (, ).
(Otto Neurath) . . (. "").
; " " " " , , . .
.
. ( ) .
, ( ). .
(), () . . , ( ). , () . , . , ( ). , . , . , (, , .) W.V. Quine . 7 1918 ( Ferdinand Foch 11.11.18 ). . , ( ) . , . , , ; ( ), , , . . , .
, ( , ). " " " " . (. " ") , ( ) (.. 29 1453 .) , . , , , . (, , , , ; , , () ;
, , , . ' . . , "" , . , . () , - .
__________________________________________________________
, . , . , . , , . , .
( ' ) . () , . . ' 5 . , , . , . , . . , , . .
__________________________________________________________
. , . . . , . . , Simon Blackburn6 . , , , , , , . . . A.O. Lovejoy, 1824 (Dupuis/Cotonet) (La Ferte-sous- Jouarre) . 12 .
( ' ) . , ( ) , , . , , : , , " ", , , . , , . - 6 . . 2. :
() ( ) & (' ). , , , , 19 20 . , . .
, . , - . . , . , " " , , , , o .
cum grano salis ' . 19 ( ) . , , , ( ) . 19 20 ( ) : .
. , ( , ). (= "" ) " ".
. ; ; Hart "" . ; , , . . (. " ", " (sic)", , , " ").
( ), , , . . .
, . . . ( ) (. , , ), . , ( , , , , , , ), ( , , ).
, . , . ( ) , , . 3.
: , (.. , , ), , . , , . () . Bruno Snell . :
Bertrand Williams, , :
i. ( )
ii. ( )
(nihil fit sine ratione). : ; , ad infinitum. , , .
, , : , . , . . , , . , , . , , . . . , , (.. , , ) , . , . . , , (e contrario). , , .
4. " ":
, , ( public intellectuals). , , . , , . ( , , ), . ;, ;, ; , .
, , . ( ) . , , , - . . , , , (). . , .
, , . , . . . , . . .
. : . , .
( ), .
. , . . , , . , . , . , (. ), . . , , .
, , .
,
( (.. ). , ,
. ,
. ( ) , . , , () . , , , . , . (). , fortuna , . , , , , , .
. , , , . , . , . , , , , . , .
, ( ), , . , , . , . , , , : ; - , , ;
. 450 380 .. , . , , ( ), ( ).
, . , , , , , , , . , , , , . , , , , .
/ : / :
i. : , , , , , . , . , . .
ii. : , , , . ( - ), .iii. : , . .
, . . , , . , ; ; , ; ; , ;
. (490 420 ..) , . . : , , . , homo mensura, , . , (.. ) , , . , , , . . (< ), ( ), . . ( ) . , : , ' ' .
, , (homo mensura) - . , , (), . , . , :
, , ,
, . . . - ( ). , . , . - . ; , ; (homo mensura); , , , . , , , ;
. . , , , (. ). ; .
_________________________________________________________________
: ( . . )
: , , . , . . rechtspositivismus (= ) rechtsnatur (= ). : ;
5 . ; / .
, , (.. ). , , , . , , , . , , . , , . , , , . , . , , . , ' , ' , ( - ), . , . , ( , ).
:
1) , (.. , ). , , , , , , ( ).
2) . : , , , . .
. , . , . , . , , - ( [ ] ). , . , , . ;
. , . , , , , . , .
, , , :
i.
ii. ( )
( , ), . :
( ( )
( , , , , ( )
( , , , ' ( ( )
, : . . -, , , . .
: , ; ; ; . , . , , . :
. .
(Jacqueline de Romilly), . - (.. ) . , , . ( . ). , : , , , . , , . ( ). , , , .
, . , , . , , .
: , , , . , - - (. ) , . , , , , ( ). , : ; . , , , , .
, , . : .
: ; ;
: 19 20 . , . , Hans Kelsen . , (Grundnorm) . Grundnorm, . , . Gustav Radbruch, SPD. 1932, Radbruch . , , ( ) (.. ) . Radbruch, , .
, . (. Dworkin Hart). : , . , . Alexy , ( ;). , . (. , , , ) , 110 . , : , , , , ; Dworkin (Hercules).
120 . . . , , . , . , , . , , , . Austin, (, ) Hart, ( ) - , . ( ). , , , .
___________________________________________________________________________________
: (cultural relativism) 20 (.. , , ). , . .
:
i. : , (= ) . ( ), . , . , , , ; , , ; .ii. : , . , , , , .
, , . , . , .
:
1.
2.
3.
4. ( , )
5. . . (, , . , ).
:
) (.. , , ) ()
) ()
, . , ( ) " ", "" - - . , , ( ), , , , . ; "" ( );
: , :
1. . , , . , , . .
2. . , (= ). , . 3. . (= ), - ( .. ) . , , . , . , , , . ; . , (, , , ) (. , . , ). (belief systems) ; : , . (.. , ) (.. ). , , , (.. ). , (.. ).
:
( Amina Loual , , ; ( Metha Bai .
, ( Malala Jusafzai (
, ; , ; , ; , , , ; ;
_____________________________________________________________________ :
Yael Tamir Hands Off Clitoridectomy (http://www.bostonreview.net/BR21.3/Tamir.html): What our revulsion reveals about ourselves . , . , . . . Tamir . , . Tamir , , ; . ; ; , () .
___________________________________________________________________________
, , . :
1. , (.. , )
2. . , , . , , .
David Hume (1711 1776): David Hume ( The History of England). le bon David (= ) . Hume : , , , . , , Hume . A treatice of Human Nature (1740):
. , , , .
; ; Hume . . , .
Terry Falwell : . ; .
: David Hume. , , , (facts) , . . : ; ;
: ; , . , ( ) , ; , ( ) . , , , ( ) .
. , ( ) , ; , . , .
/: . :
: :
i. , , (
ii. , , ( ( ).
, , , , . , , , - (.. ). , , , ( ). .
(emotivism): Charles Stevenson (1908 1979) . Stevenson . Wittgenstein Austin . 20 . , :
i. (statements), : .. 29/5/1453
ii. : .. !. .
, . , (.. ! ! ! - , ) . , , . , (). , , . . , - ( ), .
, . , . , , . , , , . :
i. , .
ii. , .
( beliefs), . , , , . , (attitudes). , , .
: , ; : , ; , . , . , , , , . . , : . , , .
. , . , . .
: , , . , , . , , . . ( ) .
:
i. . , . ;
ii. .
iii. . .
: (.. ). : . , . , , ( ) . , : . , , .
, , . : ; ; . . . , , ; ; , , . , , . , .
: , Terry Falwell, , . , . , , , ; , . , . - .
, . ;
) : , , . , , , , ( : ). : - - ;
i. : : , . . , . , . . ;
ii. () , : ( ) , , , . , , ... , . , , . , , . (.. ); ; , ; ; . .
) : ; . . ; , ; , (.. ;). , , . . , , . ; ; ; , ; , , - , ; , , ; ( ;) .
,
, , :
_____________________________________________________________________ : (1854-1900) . . ; . . . , , , , , , .
, , , , . , , , , . , , . , (.. , , , ). , . , . , , , , , , . :
.
, (prior tempore potior iure). . ; , , ( ). , ( ), , . , , , (.. ), .5. :
: , , , . , . ( ) , , , . , , ; .
. (.. , ).
, ; . , , . , , , , , , . .
. , , . , : . , , . , , . , .
, , ; , ; , , ; ( ). , , . : , /. , , , . , , " ", . , , , "", . , , . , , .
, :
i. ( , ,
ii. ( " "
, . , , - , . ; ; ! - . , . , , , , , , . : .
, , ( ), ( ). .
: . . , , , . , , . , , , . , . ( ). , , , . , . .
, , . , ( , ). , ( ) , . , , : , , . , , . .
: () ; ; ; , corpus ( , , , , ), . , , , .
, . , :
(
( (.. ;)
, (. neminem laedere , harm principle J.S.Mill) ( , ( ). ( ) . , , , . , ( Jakob Burkchardt - agonale Gesellschaft),
: ; ( , , , . ,
, ( ) ( , , . : ( ) .
( ): , . . , , , . , , . , , , ; , : - ( ). , , : - . : ;
; - " ; " " . , . , , - , , .
: , , , :
. ; ; ; , ; , , . : .. ! . ; , ; . : . , , . , , , . , , , . , , . , , , : . : , , . . , , . Jonathan Lear, , , .
, , . . . , . , , , . , , . , , .
: / , . . (.. , , ). , . , . , :
, . , . , . - . , ( ; - , ). , , . . .
: , : (.. -) ; - . . , , , . , . , . . , , ( ). , .
___________________________________________________________________________
: (reflective equilibrium) Nelson Goodman John Rawls, . , . (.. , ). , , (.. ; ; ; ).
, - , Rawls . , , . , . , , . ' , . , , . ( ) . , - / .
, , , . , (.. , ) (.. ) (.. ). , , . , .
: (.. , ). , . , , . , . .
___________________________________________________________
, :
. . , , , , . . . - , .
. , . , : . . ; (. ). , .
. , . , . : ( ). . , , , . , , , , . . (.. ).
, , , . ; , ; . :
i. : , , . .
ii. : / , , .
, . , , , . . , , , : (, , ). .
, , , loco , . ; ( , ). . , . . , . ; . , . , 70 , ( ), , .
: , , ( ), , , . . , George Steiner , , . , , . . , ( ), ( ), ( ). ; ; ;
, , , . , , , . civil disobedience. . civil : , . civil disobedience, . , . , .
J.Rawls, , , . civil disobedience conscientious refusal (= ), : , ! , !. , civil disobedience (.. , : ).
, civil disobedience (= ) , . . , . Martin Luther King, . , / . Rawls within the limits of fidelity to the law. . . , , ;
, (.. ). , (.. ). , ; ; : .
. ; ; civil disobedient , , . , . , , . (.. ). .
; ; , , . : , , , . . , . , : ; ; , , , : . , , " ", , ; . (.. ).
, , : , ; . ; ; ; , . (.. ). , , , . , , . . , , , .
. , , ; , ; ; , , , . , , ( ).
civil disobedience. :
i. , . , . , , .
ii. .
iii. . , . . ; .
iv. (.. ).
v. .
vi. .
, , , . , ; , , ( ), , ;
, , ( ). . , ( ), , . , , . ; , sine qua non . , , (ultima ratio). , . . ( ), (= ), . (.. , ) , . , , . , , (.. ), , , ; , , ( ) , , . , . , . , , . .
, . . , , . , . ; ; , . , . , , .
, , . (.. , ). , , . , . , , ; ; , .
minimum , (.. ). . .
, , . . ().
. " " Pussy Riot - 2012.
(" ") . , , : , 2008.
. Oxford Companion to Philosophy, ed. by Ted Honderich, Oxford/NY: Oxford University Press, 1995, :
. . , ' .
. (), / () .
: . : , , , , (). , U, xii, pt. 3.
: , , , , . , , .
Simon Blackburn, The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy, Preface.
, . . , , .
W. V. Quine, Quiddities: An Intermittently Philosophical Dictionary, Penguin 1990, . 108.
.
Simon Blackburn, The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy, Preface.
( -)
. , , , 1994.
. Rachels James, , : , 2012.
. John Rawls, Theory of Justice, Harvard, 1971 . 363-391 (55-59) . , HYPERLINK "http://tsakyrakis.wordpress.com/2012/11/24/%CE%B7-%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE-%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%85%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%AE/" http://tsakyrakis.wordpress.com/2012/11/24/--/ . , " , ", , 25 2003, Hideo Nakamura, Hans W. Fasching, Hans Friedhelm Gaul, A , . . / Eunomia, 2003, . 3575-3590.